CN110813239A - Preparation method of biochar-loaded lanthanum-doped iron oxide - Google Patents
Preparation method of biochar-loaded lanthanum-doped iron oxide Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a preparation method of biochar loaded lanthanum-doped iron oxide, which comprises the following steps: preparing a biochar raw material A; the mass ratio of iron element to lanthanum element is 0.8-1.2: 1, dissolving ferric chloride and lanthanum nitrate in deionized water to obtain a lanthanum-iron mixture B; adding A into B, wherein the mass ratio of A to lanthanum is 60-85: 1, slowly dripping NaOH solution while stirring to adjust the pH value of the solution to 10, thus obtaining a biochar raw material and lanthanum-iron mixture C; and transferring the C to a polytetrafluoroethylene lining reaction kettle, heating to 160-fold-material 200 ℃, preserving the heat for 8 hours, filtering the mixed liquid in the reaction kettle, cleaning the filter residue, and drying in vacuum to obtain the lanthanum-loaded doped iron oxide biochar D. The preparation method of the lanthanum-doped iron oxide-loaded biochar is simple and convenient to operate, high in success rate, low in cost, easy in obtaining of raw materials and easy in industrial production; the lanthanum-loaded iron oxide doped biochar disclosed by the invention has an arsenic ion adsorption effect obviously superior to that of lanthanum-loaded biochar, and is magnetic and convenient to recover.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of environmental engineering and pollution treatment engineering, and can be applied to adsorption of heavy metal ions such As As, P and other anions and organic compounds in the environment. In particular to a preparation method of biochar loaded lanthanum-doped iron oxide.
Background
In recent years, heavy metal pollution in water bodies is becoming more serious, and arsenic is one of the most important heavy metal pollutants in water bodies. The direct discharge of arsenic-containing sewage can destroy the ecological environment of water and harm human health, and long-term contact with arsenic can cause cancers such as skin cancer, lung cancer and the like. World health organization regulations: the maximum concentration of arsenic in drinking water is 0.01 mg/L. Therefore, reducing the concentration of arsenic in water bodies has been a focus of research and attention. The existing arsenic removal technology mainly comprises electric flocculation, chemical precipitation, filtration, reverse osmosis, ion exchange, membrane treatment and the like, wherein an adsorption method is widely concerned as a novel hot method. The adsorption method mainly utilizes the van der Waals force, ion exchange and other physical and chemical actions of the adsorption material to adsorb and exchange arsenic ions, and has the advantages of simple operation, various selectivity, low cost, reusability and the like.
Among the adsorption methods, physical adsorption method is more commonly used, which utilizes the porous property of the surface of some materials to adsorb the pollutants in the water, such as activated carbon and biochar, which are the porous materials. The biochar is a new material which is developed rapidly in recent years, is produced by pyrolyzing straw materials under the conditions of oxygen deficiency or oxygen exclusion and the temperature lower than 700 ℃, has large porosity and specific surface area, good stability and developed pore distribution, can better fix carbon and reduce emission after being applied to soil, is continuously and widely researched in recent years, and is used as an adsorption material for treating water body pollution. However, biochar has negative charges on the surface, has poor adsorption capacity on pollutants in the form of anions (such as arsenic ions in arsenate), and the adsorption capacity needs to be improved through surface or structure modification.
Through searching documents, reports that the biochar loads lanthanum and prepares iron lanthanum composite oxides are found, for example, the preparation method of the lanthanum modified activated carbon fiber by adopting a dipping-ultrasonic treatment method is that Living pavilion and the like (Living pavilion, Von Brightness, Chaihuang, Liu Er Ming, Wang Qing Tong, Zhao, lanthanum modified activated carbon fiber efficiently adsorbs and removes p-benzoquinone [ J ]. environmental engineering report, 2016, 10 (4): 1638-: preparing a La (NO3)3 solution with the concentration of 0.01mol/L, adjusting the pH to 10 by using a 1mol/L NaOH solution to generate a La (OH)3 suspension, adding the pretreated activated carbon fiber into the suspension, performing ultrasonic treatment for 5min, taking out the activated carbon fiber, drying, and washing with distilled water to be neutral to obtain the lanthanum-modified activated carbon fiber. Preparing the lanthanum hydroxide modified mesoporous rice hull biochar by adopting a coprecipitation method according to the following steps of: putting clean rice hulls in a tubular furnace, introducing N2 at a constant speed, heating to 800 ℃ at a speed of 10 ℃/min, carbonizing for 1h, introducing CO2 for reaction for 2h, and cooling to room temperature in an N2 atmosphere to obtain the rice hull biochar. Weighing a certain amount of biochar and La (NO 3). H2O according to the mass ratio of lanthanum ions to rice hull biochar in the solution of 0.2, putting the biochar and the La (NO 3). H2O into 100mL of ultrapure water, stirring for 4H, then slowly dropwise adding 28% ammonia water into a sample to form La (OH)3 precipitate until the pH value is stabilized to be about 11.5, standing for 24H, centrifuging, washing the rice hull biochar to be neutral by using the ultrapure water, and drying in an oven at 105 ℃ for 24H to obtain the lanthanum hydroxide modified mesoporous rice hull biochar. The process and mechanism of adsorbing As (V) in water by using lanthanum-carried biomass charcoal [ J ] As the preparation method of von-hydrogenated cell, etc. (von-hydrogenated cell, Xuelihong, poplar, Liuyang, Yanglinzhao, Xuanzhiyu, 2015, 34 (11): 2190 + 2197 ]): adding 20g of sieved corn straws into 200mL of 1mol/LLa3+ solution, dropwise adding 6mol/LNaOH solution into the mixed solution while stirring until the pH value is 10, and continuously stirring for 1 h; centrifuging the product obtained by stirring, pouring out supernatant, and washing the residual solid with 95% ethanol until no Cl & lt- & gt is detected in the leacheate; after cleaning, drying to constant weight, placing in a muffle furnace for anaerobic roasting, heating to 400 ℃ at the speed of 20 ℃/min, keeping for a certain time at the temperature, taking out a carbonized product after cooling to room temperature, and repeatedly cleaning by using deionized water until the pH value of leacheate is neutral; finally, drying at 105 ℃, and sieving by a 0.25mm sieve to obtain the lanthanum-loaded biochar. The lanthanum-loaded biochar is prepared by a one-step pyrolysis method through the action mechanism of lanthanum-loaded or cerium-loaded biochar adsorbing As (V) in a water body [ J ] environmental science, 2018, 39 (5): 2211-2218 ], and the preparation method comprises the following steps: soaking 140g of rice hulls in 1L0.1mol/L La (NO3)3, and placing on an ultrasonic blending machine for ultrasonic blending for 2 hours; drying the rice hulls in an oven (at 70 ℃) for 24 hours after ultrasonic treatment, putting the dried rice hulls into a stainless steel sealed tank, putting the stainless steel sealed tank into a muffle furnace, and firing for 4 hours at 450 ℃ under the anoxic condition; and taking out the biochar after cooling, grinding in a mortar, and sieving by using a 80-mesh sieve to obtain the lanthanum-loaded biochar. Zhang Wei et al (Zhang Wei, Cheng Jing, Zhang Gaosheng. preparation and characterization of iron lanthanum composite oxide nano-adsorbent and As (III) adsorption performance research [ J ]. environmental science, 2014, 35 (11): 4198-: 1, dissolving the iron-lanthanum composite oxide in 400mL of deionized water, violently stirring, slowly dropwise adding 1mol/L of sodium hydroxide solution until the pH value of the mixed solution is 8.3, continuously stirring the formed suspension for 1h, aging at room temperature for 4h, pouring out supernatant, washing precipitates generated by the reaction with deionized water, filtering, drying at 55 ℃, and grinding into powder to obtain the iron-lanthanum composite oxide.
So far, no report of a preparation method of biochar loaded lanthanum-doped iron oxide is found.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide a preparation method of biochar loaded lanthanum-doped iron oxide, so as to solve the problems in the technical background.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a preparation method of biochar loaded lanthanum-doped iron oxide comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing a biochar raw material A: removing surface adhesive substances from the biomass raw material, crushing the biomass raw material by using a crusher, and screening the crushed biomass raw material by using a 60-80-mesh screen to obtain a material A;
(2) preparation of lanthanum iron mixture B: weighing ferric chloride and lanthanum nitrate, and dissolving in deionized water to obtain B, wherein the mass ratio of iron element to lanthanum element is 0.8-1.2: 1; the mass volume ratio of the lanthanum element to the deionized water is 0.3-0.35: 100 (g/mL);
(3) preparing a biochar raw material and a lanthanum-iron mixture C: adding the A into the B, after vigorously stirring for 30min, slowly dropwise adding 1mol/L NaOH solution while stirring, adjusting the pH value of the solution to 10, and continuously stirring for 1h to obtain C; wherein the mass ratio of the A to the lanthanum element is 60-85: 1;
(4) preparing biochar loaded lanthanum-doped iron oxide D: and transferring the C to a polytetrafluoroethylene-lined reaction kettle, placing the reaction kettle in an oven, heating to 160-ion-doped temperature of 200 ℃ by a program of 5-20 ℃ and min < -1 >, preserving heat for 8 hours, taking out the reaction kettle, cooling to room temperature, filtering the mixed solution in the reaction kettle, taking filter residues, washing the filter residues with absolute ethyl alcohol for 3-6 times, washing with deionized water to be neutral, and then placing the filter residues in a vacuum drying oven to be dried to constant weight to obtain the biochar D loaded with the lanthanum-doped iron oxide.
Further, the biomass raw material comprises one or more of corn straw, wheat straw, rice straw and peanut shell.
Further, in the step (1), before the biomass raw material is crushed, drying the biomass raw material at the temperature of 60-80 ℃ to constant weight.
Further, the mass ratio of the iron element to the lanthanum element in the step (2) is 1.0-1.2: 1.
further, in the step (3), the mass ratio of the biochar raw material A to the lanthanum element is 75-80: 1;
further, in the step (4), the temperature of the vacuum drying oven is 60-80 ℃.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: 1. the preparation method of the lanthanum-doped iron oxide-loaded biochar is simple and convenient to operate, high in success rate, low in cost, easy to obtain raw materials and easy to industrially put into production;
2. the method provided by the invention reasonably utilizes the straw waste, reduces the environmental pollution caused by burning the straw, and provides a new idea for resource utilization of the agricultural and forestry waste;
3. in the method provided by the invention, the mass ratio of the iron element to the lanthanum element is 1-1.2: 1, the mass ratio of the biochar raw material A to the lanthanum element is 60-85: the lanthanum-loaded iron oxide doped biological carbon prepared by the method 1 has arsenic ion adsorption effect obviously superior to that of lanthanum-loaded biological carbon, and can be applied to the technical field of wastewater treatment.
4. The lanthanum-doped iron oxide loaded charcoal prepared by the invention has magnetism and is convenient to recover; meanwhile, the defects that the iron-lanthanum composite oxide is easy to agglomerate and the lanthanum-loaded biochar is difficult to recover are overcome.
Detailed Description
The embodiments of the present invention are described below with reference to specific embodiments, and other advantages and effects of the present invention will be easily understood by those skilled in the art from the disclosure of the present specification. The invention is capable of other and different embodiments and of being practiced or of being carried out in various ways, and its several details are capable of modification in various respects, all without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. It is to be noted that the features in the following embodiments and examples may be combined with each other without conflict.
It should be noted that the following embodiments are only illustrative for illustrating the basic idea of the present invention, and only show the components relevant to the present invention rather than the number, shape and size of the components in practical implementation, the type, amount and ratio of the components in practical implementation can be changed freely, and the layout of the components may be more complicated.
Biochar generally refers to a biomass raw material, namely a carbon material with large porosity and specific surface area, which is produced by pyrolyzing plant materials such as crops (straws) or trees under the anoxic or anaerobic condition. In the invention, the biomass raw material comprises one or more of corn straw, wheat straw, rice straw and peanut shell. In the following examples, the biomass material is corn stover.
Example 1
A preparation method of biochar loaded lanthanum-doped iron oxide comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing a biochar raw material A: removing surface adhesive substances from the biomass raw material, drying the biomass raw material at the temperature of 60-80 ℃ to constant weight, crushing the biomass raw material by using a crusher, and sieving the biomass raw material by using a 60-80-mesh sieve to obtain a material A;
(2) preparation of lanthanum iron mixture B: weighing 1.6g of ferric chloride (FeCl 3.6H2O) and 1.0g of lanthanum nitrate (La (NO3) 3.6H 2O) and dissolving in 100ml of deionized water to obtain B, wherein the mass ratio of the iron element to the lanthanum element is 1: 1; the mass-volume ratio of the lanthanum element to the deionized water is 0.32: 100 (g/mL);
(3) preparing a biochar raw material and a lanthanum-iron mixture C: adding 25.0g A into B, stirring vigorously for 30min, slowly adding 1mol/L NaOH solution while stirring, adjusting pH to 10, and stirring for 1h to obtain C; wherein the mass ratio of A to lanthanum is 78: 1;
(4) preparing biochar loaded lanthanum-doped iron oxide D: and transferring the C to a polytetrafluoroethylene-lined reaction kettle, placing the reaction kettle in an oven, heating to 160-ion-doped temperature of 200 ℃ by a program of 5-20 ℃ and min < -1 >, preserving heat for 8 hours, taking out the reaction kettle, cooling to room temperature, filtering the mixed solution in the reaction kettle, taking filter residues, washing the filter residues with absolute ethyl alcohol for 3-6 times, washing with deionized water to be neutral, and then placing the filter residues in a vacuum drying oven for drying at 70 ℃ to constant weight to obtain the biochar D loaded with the lanthanum-doped iron oxide.
The performance test of the embodiment: 0.1g of biochar-supported lanthanum-doped iron oxide is taken to be placed in 50mL of wastewater containing 50 mg.L < -1 > of As (V), the wastewater is shaken at 25 ℃ and 200rpm for 24h, the concentration of As (V) in the solution is measured by a silver diethyldithiocarbamate spectrophotometry, and the removal rate of As (V) is (C0-Ce)/Ce, wherein C0 is the initial concentration of As (V), namely 50 mg.L < -1 >, and Ce (mg.L < -1 > is the equilibrium concentration of As (V) in the solution. The removal rate of As (V) by the biochar-loaded lanthanum-doped iron oxide is calculated to be 95.5%.
Example 2
A preparation method of biochar loaded lanthanum-doped iron oxide comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing a biochar raw material A: removing surface adhesive substances from the biomass raw material, drying the biomass raw material at the temperature of 60-80 ℃ to constant weight, crushing the biomass raw material by using a crusher, and sieving the biomass raw material by using a 60-80-mesh sieve to obtain a material A;
(2) preparation of lanthanum iron mixture B: weighing 1.17g of ferric chloride (FeCl 3.6H2O) and 1.0g of lanthanum nitrate (La (NO3) 3.6H 2O) and dissolving in 100ml of deionized water to obtain B, wherein the mass ratio of the iron element to the lanthanum element is 0.8: 1; the mass-volume ratio of the lanthanum element to the deionized water is 0.32: 100 (g/mL);
(3) preparing a biochar raw material and a lanthanum-iron mixture C: adding 19.3g A into B, stirring vigorously for 30min, slowly adding 1mol/L NaOH solution while stirring, adjusting pH to 10, and stirring for 1h to obtain C; wherein the mass ratio of the A to the lanthanum element is 60: 1;
(4) preparing biochar loaded lanthanum-doped iron oxide D: and transferring the C to a polytetrafluoroethylene-lined reaction kettle, placing the reaction kettle in an oven, heating to 160-ion-doped temperature of 200 ℃ by a program of 5-20 ℃ and min < -1 >, preserving heat for 8 hours, taking out the reaction kettle, cooling to room temperature, filtering the mixed solution in the reaction kettle, taking filter residues, washing the filter residues with absolute ethyl alcohol for 3-6 times, washing with deionized water to be neutral, and then placing the filter residues in a vacuum drying oven for drying at 70 ℃ to constant weight to obtain the biochar D loaded with the lanthanum-doped iron oxide.
Examples the performance test was the same as in example 1. The removal rate of As (V) by the biochar-loaded lanthanum-doped iron oxide is calculated to be 87.8%.
Example 3
A preparation method of biochar loaded lanthanum-doped iron oxide comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing a biochar raw material A: removing surface adhesive substances from the biomass raw material, drying the biomass raw material at the temperature of 60-80 ℃ to constant weight, crushing the biomass raw material by using a crusher, and sieving the biomass raw material by using a 60-80-mesh sieve to obtain a material A;
(2) preparation of lanthanum iron mixture B: weighing 1.86g of ferric chloride (FeCl 3.6H2O) and 1.0g of lanthanum nitrate (La (NO3) 3.6H 2O) and dissolving in 100ml of deionized water to obtain B, wherein the mass ratio of the iron element to the lanthanum element is 0.8: 1; the mass-volume ratio of the lanthanum element to the deionized water is 0.32: 100 (g/mL);
(3) preparing a biochar raw material and a lanthanum-iron mixture C: adding 27.3g A into B, stirring vigorously for 30min, slowly adding 1mol/L NaOH solution while stirring, adjusting pH to 10, and stirring for 1h to obtain C; wherein the mass ratio of the A to the lanthanum element is 85: 1;
(4) preparing biochar loaded lanthanum-doped iron oxide D: and transferring the C to a polytetrafluoroethylene-lined reaction kettle, placing the reaction kettle in an oven, heating to 160-ion-doped temperature of 200 ℃ by a program of 5-20 ℃ and min < -1 >, preserving heat for 8 hours, taking out the reaction kettle, cooling to room temperature, filtering the mixed solution in the reaction kettle, taking filter residues, washing the filter residues with absolute ethyl alcohol for 3-6 times, washing with deionized water to be neutral, and then placing the filter residues in a vacuum drying oven for drying at 70 ℃ to constant weight to obtain the biochar D loaded with the lanthanum-doped iron oxide.
Examples the performance test was the same as in example 1. The removal rate of As (V) by the biochar-loaded lanthanum-doped iron oxide is calculated to be 90.4%.
Example 4
Based on example 1, the difference is that step (3) sets the mass ratio of the element A to the element La to be 60: 1 and 85: 1, respectively preparing biochar D loaded with lanthanum-doped iron oxide;
examples the performance test was the same as in example 1. Calculating to obtain the mass ratio of the A to the lanthanum as 60: 1 and 85: the removal rate of As (V) by the prepared biochar-loaded lanthanum-doped iron oxide is 96.9 percent.
The mass ratio of the A to the lanthanum is 85: the removal rate of As (V) by the prepared biochar-loaded lanthanum-doped iron oxide is 90.2 percent.
From a comparison of example 1 and example 4, it can be seen that w (biochar feedstock)/w (La) is in the range 60-85: 1, the higher the content of the lanthanum element is, the higher the removal rate of As (V) by the biochar D loaded with the lanthanum-doped iron oxide is.
Example 5
Based on example 1, the difference is that in step (2), the mass ratio of the iron element to the lanthanum element is set to 0.8: 1,0.9: 1,1.2: 1, respectively preparing biochar D loaded with lanthanum-doped iron oxide;
examples the performance test was the same as in example 1. Calculating to obtain the mass ratio of the iron element to the lanthanum element as 0.8: 1,0.9: 1,1.2: 1, the removal rate of As (V) by the corresponding prepared biochar loaded lanthanum-doped iron oxide is 76.1%, 77.9% and 94.8%.
As can be seen from comparison between example 1 and example 5, the mass ratio of the iron element to the lanthanum element is in the range of 0.8 to 0.9: 1, the removal rate of As (V) by the biochar D loaded with lanthanum-doped iron oxide is poor, and when the mass ratio of iron element to lanthanum element is 1.0-1.2: 1 the biological carbon D loaded with lanthanum-doped iron oxide has better removal rate to As (V).
Example 6
EDS energy spectrum elemental analysis was performed on the blank control group (biochar not loaded with lanthanum-doped iron oxide) in example 1, the biochar loaded with lanthanum-doped iron oxide prepared in example 1, and the experimental group (saturation of As (v) adsorption by the biochar loaded with lanthanum-doped iron oxide) in example 1, to obtain the element content changes before and after saturation of the biochar loaded with lanthanum-doped iron oxide and before and after saturation of the adsorption of As (v), As shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 summary of the element content changes before and after loading lanthanum-doped iron oxide on biochar and before and after saturation for adsorption of As (V)
As is clear from table 1, the unsupported lanthanum-doped iron oxide biochar material mainly contains a large amount of C, O and a very small amount of P, Si and other elements, while the surface of the supported lanthanum-doped iron oxide biochar contains a large amount of C, O, La and Fe elements, and the content of O element is greatly increased, so that the iron-lanthanum composite oxide is successfully supported on the surface of the biochar; as element appears after the loaded lanthanum-doped iron oxide biochar adsorbs As (V) in saturation, which shows that the loaded lanthanum-doped biochar certainly has better adsorption capacity for phosphorus.
Example 7
Preparation method of lanthanum-loaded biochar arsenic removal adsorbent with publication number of CN104815613A and patent name and application of lanthanum-loaded biochar arsenic removal adsorbent
The method comprises the following specific steps: s1, cleaning the corn straws, removing impurities, drying in the air, crushing, and sieving by a 2mm sieve for later use;
s2, mixing the corn straw powder obtained in the step S1 with a lanthanum chloride solution according to the weight ratio of 10 g: (100-200) mL, and stirring and mixing uniformly, wherein the mass ratio of the La element in the lanthanum chloride solution to the corn stalk powder is 5-15%; dropwise adding NaOH solution into the mixed solution while stirring, adjusting the pH of the mixed solution to 8-12, continuously stirring for 30-300 min, performing centrifugal separation, pouring out supernatant, washing the rest sediment with 95% ethanol until no Cl exists in the eluent, and drying the washed product to constant weight;
s3, placing the product obtained in the step S2 in a muffle furnace for anaerobic roasting, heating to 200-600 ℃ at the set temperature at the heating rate of 10-20 ℃/min, keeping the temperature for 10-100 min, cooling to room temperature, taking out the carbonized product, repeatedly cleaning by using deionized water until the eluent is neutral, drying, and finally sieving by using a 0.25mm sieve to obtain the lanthanum-loaded biochar.
Wherein the material ratio w (La)/w (straw) is 9.47%, the retention time is 20min, the pyrolysis temperature is 300 ℃,
the performance test of this example was the same as example 1. The removal rate of As (V) by the lanthanum-loaded biochar is calculated to be 80.5%.
As can be seen from comparison between example 1 and example 7, the As (v) removal rate of the biochar D loaded with lanthanum-doped iron oxide prepared in this example is better than that of the lanthanum-loaded biochar prepared in example 7.
The biochar D loaded with lanthanum-doped iron oxide prepared in example 1 and the lanthanum-loaded biochar prepared in example 7 were placed under a magnet, and it was found that the biochar D loaded with lanthanum-doped iron oxide prepared in example 1 was attracted by the magnet, while the lanthanum-loaded biochar prepared in example 7 was not attracted by the magnet, which indicates that the biochar D loaded with lanthanum-doped iron oxide prepared in example 1 has magnetism and is convenient to recycle.
The raw materials used by the invention are the cheapest lanthanum salt in agricultural and forestry wastes (straws) and rare earth elements, so the lanthanum-doped iron oxide-loaded biochar prepared by the invention fully utilizes the straw wastes, reduces the environmental pollution caused by straw burning, and has the characteristics of simple and easy preparation process, low preparation cost and the like; on the other hand, compared with the method that lanthanum-doped iron oxide (namely iron-lanthanum composite oxide) is directly used for treating As (V) -containing sewage, the method that the iron-lanthanum composite oxide is loaded on the charcoal can greatly reduce the environmental risk of secondary pollution caused by the fact that excessive iron-lanthanum composite oxide enters water; in addition, the lanthanum-loaded iron oxide-doped biochar has magnetism, is convenient to recover, and solves the problem of difficulty in recovering the lanthanum-loaded biochar. Therefore, the practical application of the lanthanum-doped iron oxide-loaded biochar prepared by the method has certain environmental benefit, economic benefit and social benefit.
In the background technology, the biochar has good adsorption characteristics, but the adsorption capacity to anions is poor, and the invention utilizes the characteristics of high zero potential point of lanthanum and lanthanum compounds and the like to apply the biochar to the research of arsenic removal by adsorption of water. However, the lanthanum and lanthanum compounds generally exist in the form of ultrafine particle powder, and are directly thrown into water for use, so that secondary pollution is easily caused; meanwhile, fine particles are stacked together to generate large mass transfer resistance, so that arsenic ions are prevented from entering the stacking body, the removal efficiency is reduced, and the use cost is increased. According to the invention, the porous characteristic of the biochar is utilized, the special advantages of lanthanum and lanthanum compounds in the aspect of arsenic adsorption removal are combined, the synergistic effect of the two is exerted, the lanthanum nanoparticles are loaded on the surface of the biochar, and the lanthanum-loaded biochar is prepared, so that the purposes of reducing cost, improving mass transfer performance, improving adsorption efficiency and the like can be realized.
The above-mentioned embodiments only express the specific embodiments of the present invention, and the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but not construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. It should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the inventive concept, which falls within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A preparation method of biochar-loaded lanthanum-doped iron oxide is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) preparing a biochar raw material A: removing surface adhesive substances from the biomass raw material, crushing the biomass raw material by using a crusher, and sieving the crushed biomass raw material by using a 60-80-mesh sieve to obtain a material A;
(2) preparation of lanthanum iron mixture B: weighing ferric chloride and lanthanum nitrate, and dissolving in deionized water to obtain B, wherein the mass ratio of iron element to lanthanum element is 0.8-1.2: 1; the mass volume ratio of the lanthanum element to the deionized water is 0.30-0.35: 100 (g/mL);
(3) preparing a biochar raw material and a lanthanum-iron mixture C: adding the A into the B, after vigorously stirring for 30min, slowly dropwise adding 1mol/L NaOH solution while stirring, adjusting the pH value of the solution to 10, and continuously stirring for 1h to obtain C; wherein the mass ratio of the A to the lanthanum element is 60-85: 1;
(4) preparing biochar loaded lanthanum-doped iron oxide D: and transferring the C to a polytetrafluoroethylene-lined reaction kettle, placing the reaction kettle in an oven, heating to 160-ion-doped temperature of 200 ℃ by a program of 5-20 ℃ and min < -1 >, preserving heat for 8 hours, taking out the reaction kettle, cooling to room temperature, filtering the mixed solution in the reaction kettle, taking filter residues, washing the filter residues with absolute ethyl alcohol for 3-6 times, washing with deionized water to be neutral, and then placing the reaction kettle in a vacuum drying oven to be dried to constant weight to obtain the biochar D loaded with the lanthanum-doped iron oxide.
2. The method for preparing biochar-loaded lanthanum-doped iron oxide according to claim 1, wherein the biomass raw material comprises one or more of corn stalks, wheat stalks, rice stalks and peanut shells.
3. The method for preparing biochar-loaded lanthanum-doped iron oxide according to claim 1, wherein in the step (1), the biomass raw material is dried to constant weight at 60-80 ℃ before being crushed.
4. The method for preparing biochar-loaded lanthanum-doped iron oxide according to claim 1, wherein the mass ratio of the iron element to the lanthanum element in the step (2) is 1.0-1.2: 1.
5. the method for preparing biochar-loaded lanthanum-doped iron oxide according to claim 1, wherein in the step (3), the mass ratio of biochar raw material A to lanthanum is 75-80: 1.
6. the method for preparing biochar-loaded lanthanum-doped iron oxide according to claim 1, wherein in the step (4), the temperature of the vacuum drying oven is 60-80 ℃.
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