CN113699357A - 一种控制薄壁齿轮渗碳淬火变形的方法 - Google Patents

一种控制薄壁齿轮渗碳淬火变形的方法 Download PDF

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CN113699357A
CN113699357A CN202111059496.6A CN202111059496A CN113699357A CN 113699357 A CN113699357 A CN 113699357A CN 202111059496 A CN202111059496 A CN 202111059496A CN 113699357 A CN113699357 A CN 113699357A
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quenching
thin
gear
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wall
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李黔希
杨华
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Guizhou Qunjian Precision Machine Co ltd
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • C21D9/32—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for gear wheels, worm wheels, or the like
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/18—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D11/00—Process control or regulation for heat treatments
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D11/00—Process control or regulation for heat treatments
    • C21D11/005—Process control or regulation for heat treatments for cooling
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • C21D9/0006—Details, accessories not peculiar to any of the following furnaces
    • C21D9/0018—Details, accessories not peculiar to any of the following furnaces for charging, discharging or manipulation of charge
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • C21D9/0006—Details, accessories not peculiar to any of the following furnaces
    • C21D9/0025—Supports; Baskets; Containers; Covers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
    • C23C8/06—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases
    • C23C8/08—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases only one element being applied
    • C23C8/20—Carburising
    • C23C8/22—Carburising of ferrous surfaces
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23F—NON-MECHANICAL REMOVAL OF METALLIC MATERIAL FROM SURFACE; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL; MULTI-STEP PROCESSES FOR SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL INVOLVING AT LEAST ONE PROCESS PROVIDED FOR IN CLASS C23 AND AT LEAST ONE PROCESS COVERED BY SUBCLASS C21D OR C22F OR CLASS C25
    • C23F17/00—Multi-step processes for surface treatment of metallic material involving at least one process provided for in class C23 and at least one process covered by subclass C21D or C22F or class C25

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Abstract

本发明提供一种控制薄壁齿轮渗碳淬火变形的方法，该方法是将薄壁齿轮按下述工艺参数进行渗碳淬火：强渗温度为930±10℃、碳浓度Cp＝1.16‑1.22，扩散温度为840±5℃、Cp＝0.82‑0.86，淬火温度为840℃，升温速度≦4℃/min,淬火油温为90±5℃，装炉方式为平铺装炉，并在齿轮内部放置一个等高实心工装。将薄壁齿轮渗碳淬火变形控制在一定的范围内，同时保证不同批次薄壁齿轮渗碳淬火变形的一致性，从而克服现有技术方法的不足。属于薄壁齿轮渗碳淬火技术及其应用领域。

Description

一种控制薄壁齿轮渗碳淬火变形的方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种控制薄壁齿轮渗碳淬火变形的方法，属于薄壁齿轮渗碳淬火技术及其应用领域。
背景技术
重型卡车发动机正时齿轮系的主动轮为曲轴齿轮，该齿轮是典型的薄壁齿轮。为了实现120万公里无大修要求，该齿轮需具有高强度、高耐磨性、长寿命的特点。热处理工艺实现上通常采用渗碳淬火方式获得高强度、高硬度、高耐磨和高疲劳强度。
渗碳淬火处理工艺一般具有变形大，不规律，一致性差等特点。影响齿轮变形和一致性的因数有很多，主要有齿轮的几何形状、原材料以及冶金质量、锻造、机加工的残余应力、热应力、零件自重、装炉方式、热处理工艺及设备精度等。
现有的技术方法中，薄壁齿轮的渗碳淬火装炉通常采用穿杆悬挂或者平铺的方式；对于淬火过程中油温通常没有一个固定的范围，多数采用常温进行淬火，或者在淬火过程中对油温进行适当加热，但不控制油温的。
采用现有技术方法进行渗碳淬火，主要存在的问题有：
不管是采用平铺或者是穿杆挂装方式进行渗碳淬火，均不能避免齿轮椭圆变形，严重的情况下造成齿轮报废。
采用不同的油温进行渗碳淬火，齿轮的变形量大小不同；前后采取不一样的油温进行渗碳淬火，薄壁齿轮变形的一致性差。
因此，采用现有技术方法对薄壁齿轮进行渗碳淬火处理，无法保证处理后齿轮变形小，一致性。
发明内容
本发明的目在于：提供一种用于控制薄壁齿轮渗碳淬火变形小，一致性好的方法，将薄壁齿轮渗碳淬火变形控制在一定的范围内，同时保证不同批次薄壁齿轮渗碳淬火变形的一致性，从而克服现有技术方法的不足。
为达到上述目的，拟采用这样一种控制薄壁齿轮渗碳淬火变形的方法，该方法是选取薄壁齿轮，按下述工艺参数进行渗碳淬火：强渗温度为930±10℃、碳浓度Cp＝1.16-1.22，扩散温度为840±5℃、Cp＝0.82-0.86，淬火温度为840℃，升温速度≦4℃/min,淬火油温为90±5℃，装炉方式为平铺装炉，并在齿轮内部放置一个等高实心工装，工装外壁与薄壁齿轮内壁的间距8mm-12mm。。
所述薄壁齿轮为20CrMnTi材料，几何参数为：内径Φ119.90±0.01mm，齿顶圆直经为Φ153.60±0.1mm，齿根圆直经为Φ136.55±0.15mm，模数为2.75mm，齿数为50齿，螺旋角β19℃，左旋，精度为7级GB10095，采取上述方案进行渗碳淬火，可将齿轮内孔椭圆度控制在0.11mm以下，M值控制在0.02mm以下。
与现有技术相比，本发明的优点如下：
1)本发明控制薄壁齿轮在升温过程中的升温速度，能够有效避免因为升温过快导致薄壁齿轮受热不均引起的变形问题，能有效避免因受热不均引起薄壁齿轮渗碳淬火后的变形过大的问题。
2)本发明通过确定淬火过程中油温最佳温度范围，能够一定程度上避免因淬火油冷却速度过高或者过低引起薄壁齿轮在淬火过程中的内外散热不均的问题，从而避免变形过大的问题。
3)本发明通过将薄壁齿轮进行平铺装炉，并在齿轮内部放置一个等高实心工装，可以平衡薄壁齿轮淬火过程中内外部因为结构差异引起的冷却不均问题，从而避免薄壁齿轮变形过大的问题。
4)本发明通过控制渗碳淬火过程中升温速度，淬火油温的区间范围，创新装炉方式，能有效控制薄壁齿轮渗碳淬火变形，避免因变形过大导致的报废问题。
附图说明
图1是本发明中薄壁齿轮装炉工装放置示意图；
其中，1表示薄壁齿轮，2表示等高实心工装。
具体实施方式
为使本发明的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合附图对本发明作进一步的详细说明，应当理解，此处所描述的具体实施例仅用以解释本发明，并不用于限定本发明。
实施例
参照图1，本实施例提供一种控制薄壁齿轮渗碳淬火变形的方法，该方法是选取薄壁齿轮，按下述工艺参数进行渗碳淬火：强渗温度为930±10℃、碳浓度Cp＝1.16-1.22，扩散温度为840±5℃、Cp＝0.82-0.86，淬火温度为840℃，升温速度≦4℃/min,淬火油温为90±5℃，装炉方式为平铺装炉，并在齿轮内部放置一个等高实心工装，工装外壁与薄壁齿轮内壁的间距8mm-12mm。。
薄壁齿轮为20CrMnTi材料，几何参数为：内径Φ119.90±0.01mm，齿顶圆直经为Φ153.60±0.1mm，齿根圆直经为Φ136.55±0.15mm，模数为2.75mm，齿数为50齿，螺旋角β19℃，左旋，精度为7级GB10095，采取上述方案进行渗碳淬火，可将齿轮内孔椭圆度控制在0.11mm以下，M值控制在0.02mm以下。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已，并不用以限制本发明，凡在本发明的精神和原则之内所作的任何修改、等同替换和改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (2)

1.一种控制薄壁齿轮渗碳淬火变形的方法，其特征在于，该方法是选取薄壁齿轮，按下述工艺参数进行渗碳淬火：强渗温度为930±10℃、碳浓度Cp＝1.16-1.22，扩散温度为840±5℃、Cp＝0.82-0.86，淬火温度为840℃，升温速度≦4℃/min,淬火油温为90±5℃，装炉方式为平铺装炉，并在齿轮内部放置一个等高实心工装，工装外壁与薄壁齿轮内壁的间距8mm-12mm。
2.根据权利要求1所述一种控制薄壁齿轮渗碳淬火变形的方法，其特征在于：所述薄壁齿轮为20CrMnTi材料，几何参数为：内径Φ119.90±0.01mm，齿顶圆直经为Φ153.60±0.1mm，齿根圆直经为Φ136.55±0.15mm，模数为2.75mm，齿数为50齿，螺旋角β19℃，左旋，精度为7级GB10095，采取上述方案进行渗碳淬火，可将齿轮内孔椭圆度控制在0.11mm以下，M值控制在0.02mm以下。
CN202111059496.6A 2021-09-10 2021-09-10 一种控制薄壁齿轮渗碳淬火变形的方法 Pending CN113699357A (zh)

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