CN113699314B - Control method for tapping slag condition of high-carbon and high-alloy steel 90t converter - Google Patents
Control method for tapping slag condition of high-carbon and high-alloy steel 90t converter Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C21C7/00—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00
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- C21C7/00—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00
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- C21C7/00—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00
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Abstract
The invention discloses a control method of the tapping slag condition of a high-carbon and high-alloy steel 90t converter, which comprises the following steps: 1) The feeding sequence during steel tapping alloying is as follows: deoxidizer → slag → carbon powder → alloy → slag; 2) Alloy baking: adding the alloy into an alloy baking furnace in advance before smelting in a converter for baking, and ensuring that the alloy turns red when tapping, wherein the alloy temperature is 400 +/-50 ℃; 3) Tapping slag charge: adding alloy and slag charge in batches according to different time periods; the amount of slag added in the tapping process is 4.5 kg/t-5.0 kg/t; 4) Controlling a bottom blowing system of the tapping ladle: at least 2 bottom-blowing air-permeable chambers are opened in the tapping process, and the bottom blowing is switched to a single air-permeable chamber after tapping; 5) And adding slag when the LF refined molten steel arrives at the station and is heated to 1520-1550 ℃, wherein the consumption of the slag is 4.0-4.5 kg/t. The invention does not need to add fluorite for slagging, reduces the consumption of slagging agent and power consumption, shortens the refining time and saves the cost.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of steel making processes in the steel industry, in particular to a method for controlling the tapping slag condition of a high-carbon and high-alloy steel 90t converter.
Background
When high carbon (0.60 percent to [ C ] is less than or equal to 1.00 percent) and high alloy steel grades are produced in a converter (the dosage of tapping alloy is 1.5 t-2.5 t/furnace), a large amount of carbon powder, slag charge and alloy are required to be added after tapping, large slag blocks (the diameter of the slag blocks is more than 50 cm) and alloy slag charge accumulation are mostly existed on the slag surface after tapping, and the accumulation probability of the large slag blocks and the alloy slag charge is about 80 percent. In addition, the influence of ladle bottom blowing stirring on slagging is large, the ladle is subjected to single-hole bottom blowing during smelting, the stirring efficiency is poor, dead angles exist on the molten steel surface, the flow of slag materials is poor, the slag washing effect is poor, and slag materials and alloys cannot be accumulated and melted on the molten steel surface. After molten steel of an LF furnace enters a station, because a large amount of slag materials and alloys are accumulated on the slag surface in a ladle, the slag crusts seriously, so that the temperature is difficult to rise during LF refining, the LF refining needs heating up to 10min to 15min for slagging, and fluorite is added for assisting slagging, so that the cost is increased due to the increase of the consumption of the fluorite, and a furnace lining can be corroded; the desulfurization effect of the formed large slag block slag is poor, a large amount of lime needs to be added in the refining process, and the bottom blowing and large flow stirring desulfurization are carried out, so that the secondary oxidation of the molten steel is serious, and the yield of the alloy is influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to: aiming at the problem that the LF refining production is seriously influenced by the accumulation of large slag blocks and slag charge after the converter tapping, the method for controlling the tapping slag condition of the high-carbon and high-alloy steel 90t converter is provided.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a control method for the tapping slag condition of a high-carbon and high-alloy steel 90t converter comprises the following steps:
1) The charging sequence during steel tapping alloying is as follows: deoxidizer → slag → carbon powder → alloy → slag;
2) Alloy baking: adding the alloy into an alloy baking furnace in advance before smelting in a converter for baking, and ensuring that the alloy turns red when tapping, wherein the alloy temperature is 400 +/-50 ℃;
3) Tapping slag charge: adding alloy and slag charge in batches according to different time periods; the amount of slag added in the tapping process is 4.5 kg/t-5.0 kg/t;
4) Controlling a bottom blowing system of the tapping ladle: 2 bottom-blown air chambers are opened at least in the tapping process, the 90t steel ladle is provided with 3 bottom-blown air chambers, different amounts and flows of the steel ladle bottom-blown air chambers are selected according to the stirring conditions of the steel ladle in the front and back periods of tapping, the slag surface is free of stirring dead angles, and alloy and slag materials can be quickly melted away when being added, so that the accumulation is avoided. After tapping, switching to a single air permeable chamber for bottom blowing;
5) Adding slag when the LF refined molten steel is heated to 1520-1550 ℃ after arriving at a station, wherein the consumption of the slag is 4.0-4.5 kg/t, and the slag amount required by smelting is ensured;
the further improvement scheme of the invention is that in the step 1), the slag materials are lime and premelted refining slag, and the melting point of the premelted refining slag is 1400-1450 ℃.
The further improvement scheme of the invention is that in the step 3), when the steel output is 30-40%, lime and premelted refining slag are added with the 1 st batch of slag according to the proportion of 1:1, the slag amount is 3.0-3.5 kg/t, the early molten steel temperature is higher, and the slag can be rapidly melted according to the proportion; adding carbon powder and alloy when the steel tapping amount is 40-70%; when the steel tapping amount is 70-80%, lime and premelted refining slag are added with 2 nd batch of slag according to the proportion of 1:2, the slag amount is 1.5kg/t, the dosage of the premelted refining slag is increased according to the proportion, the melting point of a slag system can be further reduced, and the slag can be melted under the condition that the temperature of molten steel is reduced in the later period of steel tapping, so that the accumulation is avoided.
The further improvement scheme of the invention is that in the step 3), the tapping slag charge and the alloy are added into the steel ladle in batches, the blanking frequency is 50 kg/time to 100 kg/time, and the interval time is 3s to 5s each time.
The further improvement scheme of the invention is that the binary basicity R2 of the slag is 8-11, and the slag comprises the following components: caO:50% -56%, mgO:2.8% -4.5%, siO2:4.7% -7.0%, T.Fe: 0.7-1.4%, 30-38% of Al2O3, S:0.6% -1.7%, mnO: 0.21-0.29 percent, and the melting point of the slag system is 1350-1450 ℃.
The further improvement scheme of the invention is that in the step 4), 3 bottom-blowing through air chambers are arranged at the bottom of the 90t ladle, 2 bottom-blowing holes are opened at the early stage of tapping, and the 3 rd bottom-blowing hole is opened when the 1 st batch of slag is put.
The further improvement scheme of the invention is that the early-stage bottom blowing flow is 500 NL/min-1000 NL/min, and the flow is adjusted to 200 NL/min-600 NL/min when the tapping amount is 60-80%.
The further improvement scheme of the invention is that in the step 5), refined molten steel is supplied to a station to be rapidly electrified to raise the temperature for melting slag, when the temperature is raised to 1520-1550 ℃, 4.0-4.5 kg/t of slag charge is replenished once according to the using amount of lime and premelted refined slag 1:1, so as to ensure the slag amount required by smelting. At this time, the added slag can be rapidly melted at a higher temperature.
The further improvement scheme of the invention is that the high carbon means that the high carbon produced by the converter is between 0.60% and [ C ] and is between 1.00%, and the high alloy steel means that the dosage of the tapping alloy is between 1.5 t/furnace and 2.5 t/furnace.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
an on-line alloy baking furnace is added behind the converter furnace, so that the alloy temperature is improved, the temperature drop in the tapping process is reduced, and the alloy and slag materials are rapidly melted when being added; the improved slag charge proportion is that the dosage of the tapped slag charge lime and the premelted refining slag is added according to 1:1-1:2, after LF refining arrives at a station and the temperature is raised and the slag is melted well, the lime and the premelted refining slag are continuously added according to the dosage ratio of 1:1, so as to ensure the slag quantity required by smelting; the feeding sequence during steel tapping alloying is as follows: deoxidizer → slag charge → carbon powder → alloy → slag charge, tapping slag charge and alloy are added according to different dosage proportions in time-interval and batch, to achieve better slag melting effect; the steel tapping ladle bottom blowing system is controlled, double-hole or even three-hole bottom blowing is opened in the steel tapping process, the dead angle of a slag surface is reduced, alloy and slag materials can be quickly dissolved when being added, and accumulation is avoided. The refining is performed under the condition of good slag condition, the slag has good fluidity, the temperature can be quickly raised, the desulfuration can be quickly performed, the components can be quickly adjusted, the refining time is reduced, the purification degree of molten steel is prevented from being deteriorated due to the large stirring desulfuration during the refining, in addition, the slag supplement and the fluorite consumption are reduced, and the cost is saved.
To sum up:
according to the control method for the tapping slag condition of the high-carbon and high-alloy steel 90t converter, the supporting alloy baking, the ladle bottom blowing, the slag charge proportioning and the feeding mode are improved after the converter taps, the temperature drop of molten steel is reduced, the ladle bottom blowing stirring is enhanced, and the slag washing is enhanced under the condition of low tapping temperature, so that a good slagging effect is achieved, the accumulation of large slag blocks and alloy slag charges is avoided, and the LF station entering temperature is also improved.
Secondly, according to the control method for the tapping condition of the high-carbon high-alloy steel 90t converter, LF is more smooth in smelting under the condition of good slag condition, a large amount of time is not needed for slagging, fluorite is not needed to be added, the consumption of a slagging agent and the power consumption are reduced, the refining time is shortened, and the cost is also saved.
Thirdly, according to the control method for the tapping slag condition of the high-carbon and high-alloy steel 90t converter, under the condition that the tapping slag condition of the converter is good, the fluidity of slag in the refining process is good, the mass transfer between steel slag is accelerated, the S removal efficiency is high, the risks of slag rolling, secondary oxidation and the like caused by opening of large stirring are avoided, and the purity of molten steel is deteriorated.
Detailed Description
Example 1
High carbon steel, GN-2A-5, C mass percentw[C]=0.95%，w[S]Less than or equal to 0.006 percent, and smelting and tapping in a 90t converter: 110kg of aluminum cakes, 700kg of carburant and 1.7t of total alloy per furnace, wherein the total amount of tapping slag is 206kg of lime plus 265kg of premelted refining slag, and the production process is as follows:
1) When molten iron is added into a converter, 905kg of ferrochrome and 850kg of silicomanganese are prepared into an alloy baking furnace according to the process requirements, a big fire mode is started for baking, the baking time is 10 minutes, and the constant temperature is switched to a small fire mode (the measurement temperature is 398 ℃ during blanking).
2) Before tapping, aluminum cakes → 1 batch of slag (146 kg lime +155kg premelted refining slag) → carburant → alloy → 2 batch of slag (60 kg lime +110kg premelted refining slag) are sequentially prepared and put into a furnace rear collecting hopper. And (3) tapping about 20t, adding all the aluminum cakes into a steel ladle, putting the 1 st slag charge into the steel ladle after tapping about 30t, putting carbon powder and alloy into the steel ladle after tapping about 40t, and putting the 2 nd slag charge into the steel ladle after the steel tapping amount reaches 65 t. The frequency of discharging alloy and slag charge is about 100 kg/time with an interval of 3-5 s.
3) 2 bottom blowing holes are opened in the early stage of tapping, 1 bottom blowing hole is opened again when the 1 st batch of slag is discharged, the early-stage bottom blowing flow rate is 900NL/min, and the flow rate is adjusted to 200NL/min when the tapping reaches 70 t. And (4) closing 2 bottom blowing holes after tapping, and reserving 1 hole for smelting.
4) Hoisting the ladle to a refining furnace, heating to melt slag, taking a slag sample in a station with binary alkalinity R2=9.0, and comprising the following components: w (CaO) =50.60%,w（MgO）=4.22%、w（SiO2）=5.63%、w(T.Fe)=0.54%、w(Al2O3)=36.76%、w(S)=0.63%、w(MnO) =0.22%. And (3) heating to 1525 ℃, adding 209kg of lime and 204kg of premelted refining slag, and continuously heating for 5min until no slag blocks are accumulated. The refining arrival temperature is 1502 ℃ (1485 ℃ in the prior art), the arrival S =0.015%, the process slag condition is good, the ladle S =0.005%, the desulfurization is normal, and the efficiency is high.
Through the steps 1) to 4), after converter tapping, molten steel is well melted, the slag surface is red, and only small slag blocks (the visual measurement size is about 20-30 cm) float on the slag surface. Compared with the prior art, the temperature of the refining station is increased by about 20 ℃, and the total smelting slag amount is reduced by 200-300 kg/furnace.
Example 2
High carbon high alloy steel, GCr15, C mass percentw[C]=0.97%，w[S]Less than or equal to 0.006 percent, smelting and tapping in a converter: 80kg of aluminum cakes, 550kg of carburant and about 2.4t of total alloy, wherein the total amount of tapping slag is 215kg of lime and 258kg of premelted refining slag, and the production process is as follows:
1) When the converter is used for charging molten iron, 2000kg of low-titanium high-carbon ferrochrome, 200kg of low-titanium low-aluminum ferrosilicon and 169kg of metal manganese are prepared into an alloy baking furnace according to the process requirements, a big fire mode is started for baking, and the baking time is 13 minutes, and the constant temperature is switched to a small fire mode (the measurement temperature is 386 ℃ during blanking).
2) Before tapping, aluminum cakes → 1 batch of slag (157 kg lime +150kg premelted refining slag) → carburant → alloy → 2 batch of slag (58 kg lime +108kg premelted refining slag) are sequentially prepared and put into a furnace rear collecting hopper. And (3) tapping about 20t, adding all the aluminum cakes into a steel ladle, putting the 1 st slag charge into the steel ladle after tapping about 30t, putting carbon powder and alloy into the steel ladle after tapping about 40t, and putting the 2 nd slag charge into the steel ladle after the steel tapping amount reaches 65 t. The material discharging frequency is about 100 kg/time and the interval is 3 s-5 s.
3) 2 bottom blowing holes are opened in the early stage of tapping, 1 bottom blowing hole is opened again when the 1 st batch of slag is put, the early-stage bottom blowing flow is 1000NL/min, and the flow is adjusted to 300 NL/min when the tapping reaches 70 t. And (4) closing 2 bottom blowing holes after tapping, and reserving 1 hole for smelting.
4) The molten steel is hoisted to a refining furnace, the temperature is raised to melt slag, and a slag sample enters the refining furnaceAlkalinity R2=8.0, composition:w（CaO）=55.86%、w（MgO）=4.51%、w（SiO2）=6.96%、w(T.Fe)=0.70%、w(Al2O3)=29.39%、w(S)=1.76%、w(MnO) =0.29%. And (3) heating the molten steel to 1521 ℃, supplementing 209kg of lime and 204kg of premelted refining slag, and continuously heating for 5min until no slag blocks are accumulated. The refining arrival temperature is 1495 ℃, the arrival S =0.011%, 105kg lime is supplemented in the process for desulfurization, the slag is not thickened normally, and the ladle S =0.005%.
Through the steps 1) to 4), no slag blocks are accumulated on the slag surface after tapping of the converter, the slag surface is slightly moved in a soft blowing state, the slag flowability is good, and the refining process is normal.
Claims (3)
1. A control method for the tapping slag condition of a high-carbon and high-alloy steel 90t converter is disclosed, wherein the high carbon is more than or equal to 0.60 percent and less than or equal to 1.00 percent, and the high-alloy steel is that the dosage of tapping alloy is 1.5 t/furnace-2.5 t/furnace; the method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) The feeding sequence during steel tapping alloying is as follows: aluminum cake deoxidizer → slag charge → carbon powder → alloy → slag charge;
2) Alloy baking: adding the alloy into an alloy baking furnace in advance before smelting in a converter for baking, and ensuring that the alloy turns red when tapping, wherein the alloy temperature is 400 +/-50 ℃;
3) Tapping slag charge: adding alloy and slag charge in batches according to different time periods; the amount of slag added in the tapping process is 4.5 kg/t-5.0 kg/t; namely: when the steel tapping amount is 30-40%, adding 1 st batch of slag charge into lime and premelted refining slag according to the proportion of 1:1, wherein the slag charge amount is 3.0-3.5 kg/t; adding carbon powder and alloy when the steel tapping amount is 40-70%; when the steel tapping amount is 70-80%, adding 2 nd batch of slag charge into lime and premelted refining slag according to the proportion of 1:2, wherein the slag charge amount is 1.5kg/t;
4) Controlling a bottom blowing system of the tapping ladle: 2 bottom blowing holes are opened in the early stage of tapping, the 3 rd bottom blowing hole is opened when the 1 st batch of slag is put, and the bottom blowing is switched to the bottom blowing of a single permeable air chamber after tapping; the early-stage bottom blowing flow is 500 NL/min-1000 NL/min, and the flow is adjusted to 200 NL/min-600 NL/min when the steel tapping amount is 60% -80%;
5) Hoisting the ladle to a refining furnace and liftingWen Huazha, taking a slag sample from a station with binary alkalinity R2= 8-11, wherein the slag comprises the following components: caO:50% -56%, mgO:2.8 to 4.5 percent of SiO 2 ：4.7%～7.0%，T.Fe：0.7%～1.4%，Al 2 O 3 30-38%, S:0.6% -1.7%, mnO: 0.21-0.29 percent, and the melting point of the slag system is 1350-1450 ℃; when the LF refined molten steel is heated to 1520-1550 ℃ after arriving at a station, slag charge is added according to the dosage of the lime and the premelted refined slag 1:1, and the dosage of the slag charge is 4.0 kg/t-4.5 kg/t.
2. The method for controlling the tapping slag condition of the high-carbon high-alloy steel 90t converter as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in the step 1), the slag materials are lime and premelted refining slag, and the melting point of the premelted refining slag is 1400-1450 ℃.
3. The method for controlling the tapping condition of the high-carbon high-alloy steel 90t converter according to claim 1, wherein: in the step 3), the tapping slag charge and the alloy are added into the steel ladle in batches, the blanking frequency is 50 kg/time to 100 kg/time, and the interval time is 3s to 5s each time.
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