CN113693169A - Pig feed for preventing piglet diarrhea and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Pig feed for preventing piglet diarrhea and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN113693169A CN113693169A CN202111024915.2A CN202111024915A CN113693169A CN 113693169 A CN113693169 A CN 113693169A CN 202111024915 A CN202111024915 A CN 202111024915A CN 113693169 A CN113693169 A CN 113693169A
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- piglet
- mixture
- piglets
- feed additive
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
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Abstract
The invention discloses a pig feed for preventing piglet diarrhea and a preparation method thereof. The prepared pig feed is rich in nutrition, has the characteristics of high absorption, high utilization, no antibiotic addition and the like, can obviously prevent piglet diarrhea, has the effects of soothing the nerves and relieving the piglet gastrointestinal pressure, can effectively recover the digestion function of piglets, improves the intestinal tract shape and microbial flora, promotes the development of piglet digestive tract function, and improves the piglet growth condition.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of animal feed, and particularly relates to a pig feed for preventing piglet diarrhea and a preparation method thereof.
Background
In order to improve the productivity of sows and reduce the economic cost of breeding, the weaning days of piglets are getting older. Compared with the traditional weaning technology, the early weaning of the piglets has great advantages, but at the same time, the early weaning of the piglets has negative influence on the pig industry. Because the development of the digestive tract function of the piglets is not complete, the digestive tract function is disordered due to early weaning, stress reactions such as the reduction of the feed intake of the piglets, dyspepsia, listlessness and the like are easily caused, and diarrhea and other diseases can be caused in severe cases.
The reasons for the development of early weaning syndrome include physiological factors: the emptying of stomach contents of piglets is rapid, about 1.5 hours at 15 days of age and about 3-5 hours at 30 days of age. Therefore, the piglets are easy to be hungry and overeat, which causes indigestion and diarrhea of the weaned piglets; environmental factors: the inadaptation of the new environment for isolating weaned piglets from the mother can cause the piglets to have conditional diarrhea; nutritional factors: from liquid breast milk to solid feed, intestinal villus abrasion is shortened, and dyspepsia and diarrhea of piglets are easily caused.
Chinese patent CN 111466481A discloses a liquid bacterial liquid for fermenting liquid piglet feed, a preparation method of liquid fermented feed for piglets and application thereof. The liquid fermented feed for the piglets provided by the invention contains a large amount of probiotics, and the liquid fermented feed for the piglets mainly enhances the immunologic function of the piglets by fermenting to generate lactic acid and secreting some antibacterial substances, kills pathogenic microorganisms and prevents diseases such as diarrhea of the piglets. However, the research shows that the coarse feed with large granularity can change the physicochemical property and the microbial property of the stomach content, increase the weight and the volume of the stomach, and promote the development of the whole growth process of the pig from the aspects of health and long-term benefit of the pig by feeding the solid feed.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a preparation method of a pig feed for preventing piglet diarrhea, which comprises the following steps;
a preparation method of a pig feed for preventing piglet diarrhea comprises the following steps:
(1) the weight portion of the material is as follows: uniformly mixing 20-30 parts of corn flour, 30-35 parts of bran, 20-30 parts of soybean meal, 20-25 parts of water and 0.5-2 parts of probiotics to obtain a mixture A, adding the mixture A into a fermentation tank, and carrying out aerobic fermentation at the temperature of 35-40 ℃ for 24-48 h to obtain a fermented material;
(2) the weight portion of the material is as follows: uniformly mixing 50-60 parts of the fermented material prepared in the step (1), 6-8 parts of fish meal, 10-15 parts of whey powder, 1-1.5 parts of lysine, 0.05-0.15 part of composite vitamin, 1-3 parts of composite trace element, 1-2 parts of piglet feed additive A and 1-3 parts of piglet feed additive B to obtain a mixture B, and adding the mixture B into a granulator for granulation to obtain the piglet feed for preventing piglet diarrhea.
The compound vitamin comprises, by mass, 3-5 parts of vitamin A, 1-2 parts of vitamin E, 1-2 parts of vitamin B1, 2-3 parts of vitamin B2, 1-2 parts of vitamin B6, 1-2 parts of vitamin E and 0.5-2 parts of folic acid.
The composite trace element is composed of, by mass, 4-6 parts of chelated copper, 2-3 parts of chelated iron, 1-2 parts of chelated manganese and 1.5-2 parts of chelated zinc.
The probiotics is at least one of bacillus licheniformis and bacillus subtilis.
The corn flour overcomes the defect of rough mouthfeel of food per se after fermentation, improves the palatability of the feed, maintains the nutrient components of the original food in the fermentation process, and simultaneously decomposes the crude fibers such as corn flour cellulose, hemicellulose and the like into nutrient substances such as micromolecular sugar, amino acid and the like, thereby improving the nutrient components of the feed, being beneficial to digestion of piglets, effectively slowing down the intestinal villus abrasion of the piglets, and improving the utilization rate of the feed and the meat-to-feed ratio. The corn flour, the bran and the soybean meal are reasonably matched and fermented, so that the nutrient substances required by the piglet feed are further improved.
In addition, organic acid and carbon dioxide are generated in the fermentation process, the fermentation material can be loosened due to the generation of the carbon dioxide, the pH value of the fermentation material can be reduced due to the organic acid, the gastric secretion pressure of piglets can be reduced, and the fermentation material is matched with various nutrient substances to meet the nutrient substances required by the growth of the piglets.
The preparation of the piglet feed additive A comprises the following steps: weighing dandelion leaves, dandelion roots, sweet wormwood, common lophatherum roots, green tea and chrysanthemum according to the mass ratio of (1-2) to (2-3) to (1-2) and mixing to obtain a traditional Chinese medicine mixture; adding the traditional Chinese medicine mixture into 70% ethanol water solution according to the feed-liquid ratio of 1g (6-10) mL, condensing and refluxing for 2-3 h at 75-85 ℃, naturally cooling, filtering to obtain filtrate, and vacuum drying the mixed solution at 50-65 ℃ for 8-10 h to obtain the piglet feed additive A.
The piglet feed additive A has the effects of sterilizing and diminishing inflammation and relieving inflammation, and the taraxacin contained in the piglet feed additive A can protect mucous membranes of the stomach, promote the repair of the mucous membranes, promote the secretion and absorption of bile and promote digestion; the contained artemisinin can effectively treat malaria, and has antifungal, antiviral and immunity regulating effects; in addition, the piglet feed additive A also has the effects of soothing nerves and tranquilizing, and can relieve anxiety mood of piglets.
The preparation method of the piglet feed additive B comprises the following steps:
s1: weighing 1-3 parts of hydroxyapatite, 2-3 parts of montmorillonite, 1-3 parts of peach gum and 0.05-0.1 part of taurine according to parts by mass, adding the materials into 50-70 parts of ethanol solution with the mass fraction of 50-70%, and ultrasonically dispersing the materials at room temperature of 100-200W and 20-40 kHz for 10-15 min to obtain a modified compound;
s2: and (4) filling the modified compound prepared in the step S1 into a reaction kettle, reacting for 8-12 h at 90-100 ℃, cooling to room temperature, carrying out suction filtration on the mixture to obtain a filter cake A, then washing the filter cake A with water to obtain a filter cake B, and drying, crushing and sieving the obtained filter cake B to obtain the piglet feed additive B.
The piglet feed additive B is peach gum and taurine modified hydroxyapatite and modified montmorillonite, the modified montmorillonite and the modified hydroxyapatite are obtained by modifying peach gum and taurine, peach gum polysaccharide is obtained after the peach gum is dissolved, the taurine co-modified montmorillonite and hydroxyapatite are coated on the peach gum polysaccharide, after the modified montmorillonite and the modified hydroxyapatite enter the gastrointestinal tract of piglets, the peach gum polysaccharide can be combined with mucous glycoprotein of intestinal mucosa to form a protective film which is attached to the surface of the intestinal mucosa and can slowly release the taurine to promote intestinal digestion, the peach gum polysaccharide can also be used as an emulsifier of dietary fat to improve the intestinal tract morphological structure of the piglets, the satiety of the piglets can be increased by adding the montmorillonite and the peach gum, the gastrointestinal dyspepsia caused by overeating the piglets is avoided, the modified montmorillonite in the piglet feed additive B can enter the gastrointestinal tract of the piglets to be combined with the mucous glycoprotein of the intestinal mucosa to form the protective film, the modified montmorillonite is attached to the surface of the intestinal mucosa, and when the pathogenic factor attacks the intestinal mucosa, the modified montmorillonite can be preferentially adsorbed to protect the intestinal mucosa from being damaged, and meanwhile, the fluff abrasion is prevented from being shortened; the modified hydroxyapatite in the feed additive B for the piglets has certain anti-inflammatory effect and good biocompatibility, and the unexpected discovery in the experiment shows that the depth of the crypt is obviously reduced, the intestinal morphological structure of the piglets is effectively improved, and the modified hydroxyapatite can fully and directly contact and absorb nutrient substances.
Preferably, the preparation method of the piglet feed additive B comprises the following steps:
s1: weighing 3-5 parts of hydroxyapatite, 4-6 parts of montmorillonite, 1-3 parts of peach gum and 0.5-2 parts of taurine according to parts by mass, adding the materials into 50-70 parts of ethanol water solution with the mass fraction of 50-70%, and ultrasonically dispersing the materials at room temperature of 100-200W and 20-40 kHz for 10-15 min to obtain a suspension;
s2: filling the suspension prepared in the step S1 into a reaction kettle, reacting at 90-100 ℃ for 8-12 h, cooling to room temperature, performing suction filtration on the mixture to obtain a filter cake A, then washing the filter cake A with water to obtain a filter cake B, and drying, crushing and sieving the obtained filter cake B to obtain a modified compound;
s3: adding 1-2 parts by mass of the modified compound prepared in the step S2 and 2-3 parts by mass of the functional agent into 6-10 parts by mass of water, stirring at 25-35 ℃ and 300-400 r/min for 3-5 h to obtain a mixed solution, and freeze-drying the mixed solution at-35-30 ℃ for 8-10 h to obtain the piglet feed additive B.
The functional agent is perilla extract and/or ox bone acidic mucopolysaccharide.
Preferably, the functional agent is prepared from perilla extract and bovine bone acidic mucopolysaccharide according to a mass ratio of 1: (1.5-2).
The functional agent is added into the piglet feed additive B, and the perilla extract in the functional agent contains perilla polysaccharide, so that the toxin in intestinal tracts can be removed, and the intestinal villi in intestines and stomach of piglets can be promoted to fully absorb nutrient substances; the acidic mucopolysaccharide in the functional agent can promote the growth of intestinal villi, improve the activity of enzymes in the intestinal villi, further enhance the absorption of nutrient substances, and the synergistic effect of the acidic mucopolysaccharide and the enzyme increases the length of the intestinal villi, improves the microenvironment of intestinal tracts of piglets, improves the absorption of the piglets on the nutrient substances in the feed, and further improves the meat-feed ratio.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention discloses a pig feed for preventing piglet diarrhea and a preparation method thereof. The prepared pig feed is rich in nutrition, has the characteristics of high absorption, high utilization, no antibiotic addition and the like, can obviously prevent diarrhea of piglets, has the effects of soothing the nerves and relieving the gastrointestinal pressure of the piglets, can effectively recover the digestive function of the piglets, improves the intestinal morphology and microbial flora structure, promotes the development of the digestive tract function of the piglets, and improves the growth performance of the piglets.
Detailed Description
The raw materials used in the examples were as follows:
dandelion leaf, brand: qianzhou Huaxingtang health products Limited.
Dandelion root, cat No.: 200606, auspicious cloud pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Henan province.
Southernwood, Latin school name: artemisiananual, place of production: sichuan, the Chinese medicinal materials are Gutong.
Root of common bamboo, Latin's name: bambusa basihirsuta McClure, Cat number: 001, Baijie pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.
Green tea, species: longjing, brand: Gyun Shunhe tea Co., Ltd. Chrysanthemum, species: huangshan tribute chrysanthemum, brand: mountain, goods number: 0309, mountain Camellia industries, Huangshan City.
Hydroxyapatite, CAS number: 130-66-5, particle size: 50 μm, Cianerelin Biotech Ltd.
Montmorillonite, cat # k: FM2016, particle size: 200 meshes, the content is more than or equal to 95 percent, and the Craine official flagship store is provided.
Corn flour, brand: korean dew, moisture content less than or equal to 7%, Dangting food Co.
Bran, cargo number: 001, cheinan jade overflow chemical company limited.
Soybean meal, cargo number: 987, denxin vast biotechnology limited.
Fish meal, cargo number: 10, Haixing Xinlan fodder material distribution center.
Whey powder, stock number: RQF, content not less than 99%, Shandong Jingyun Biotech limited.
EDTA chelated copper, the copper content is more than or equal to 3.96%, and Nanning Yihua trade company Limited.
EDTA chelated iron, the iron content is more than or equal to 0.49%, Yihua trade company Limited in Nanning.
EDTA chelating Mn with Mn content not lower than 2.01%, Yihua trade company of Nanning city.
EDTA chelated zinc, the zinc content is more than or equal to 4.98%, and Nanning Yihua trade company Limited.
Bacillus licheniformis, the name of latin: bacillus liceniformis, cic 10037, effective bacterial activity: 1000 hundred million CFU/g, provided by China center for culture Collection of Industrial microorganisms.
Perilla extract, brand: snout organism, mesh number: 100 mesh, purchased from Hibisc Biotech, Inc.
Bovine bone acid mucopolysaccharide, cat #: YYQHJ001, content not less than 70%, purchased from Shandong plain Biotech limited.
Example 1
A preparation method of a pig feed for preventing piglet diarrhea comprises the following steps:
(1) the weight portion of the material is as follows: uniformly mixing 20 parts of corn flour, 30 parts of bran, 20 parts of soybean meal, 20 parts of water and 1 part of probiotics to obtain a mixture A, adding the mixture A into a fermentation tank, and carrying out aerobic fermentation at 37 ℃ for 40 hours to obtain a fermented material;
(2) the weight portion of the material is as follows: uniformly mixing 50 parts of the fermented material prepared in the step (1), 6 parts of fish meal, 10 parts of whey powder, 1 part of lysine, 0.1 part of composite vitamin, 3 parts of composite trace element, 0.5 part of piglet feed additive A and 2 parts of piglet feed additive B to obtain a mixture B, and adding the mixture B into a granulator for granulation to obtain cylindrical granules, wherein the diameter of the cylindrical granules is 0.2cm, the length of the cylindrical granules is 0.8cm, and the water content of the cylindrical granules is 10%.
The compound vitamin comprises, by mass, 3 parts of vitamin A, 1 part of vitamin E, 1 part of vitamin B1, 2 parts of vitamin B2, 2 parts of vitamin B6, 2 parts of vitamin E and 0.5 part of folic acid.
The composite trace element comprises, by mass, 4 parts of chelated copper, 2 parts of chelated iron, 1 part of chelated manganese and 1.5 parts of chelated zinc.
The probiotic is bacillus licheniformis.
The preparation method of the piglet feed additive A comprises the following steps: weighing dandelion leaves, dandelion roots, sweet wormwood, common bamboo roots, green tea and chrysanthemum according to the mass ratio of 1:2:1:1:1, and mixing to obtain a traditional Chinese medicine mixture; adding the traditional Chinese medicine mixture into 70% ethanol water solution according to the feed-liquid ratio of 1g:10mL, condensing and refluxing for 2h at 80 ℃, naturally cooling, taking out the seasoning bag to obtain mixed liquid, and performing vacuum drying on the mixed liquid for 10h at 60 ℃ to obtain the piglet feed additive A.
The preparation method of the piglet feed additive B comprises the following steps:
s1: weighing 1 part of hydroxyapatite, 2 parts of montmorillonite, 2 parts of peach gum and 0.05 part of taurine according to parts by mass, adding the weighed materials into 50 parts of ethanol aqueous solution with the mass fraction of 70%, and ultrasonically dispersing the materials at room temperature of 200W and 25kHz for 10min to obtain suspension;
s2: filling the suspension prepared in the step S1 into a reaction kettle, reacting for 12 hours at 100 ℃, cooling to room temperature, carrying out suction filtration on the mixture to obtain a filter cake A, then washing the filter cake A with water to obtain a filter cake B, and drying, crushing and sieving the obtained filter cake B to obtain a modified compound;
s3: adding 2 parts by mass of the modified compound prepared in the step S2 and 2 parts by mass of the functional agent into 10 parts by mass of water, stirring at 30 ℃ and 300r/min for 4h to obtain a mixed solution, and freeze-drying the mixed solution at-35 ℃ for 10h to obtain the piglet feed additive B.
The functional agent is prepared from perilla extract and acidic mucopolysaccharide of cow bones according to a mass ratio of 1: 2.
Example 2
A preparation method of a pig feed for preventing piglet diarrhea comprises the following steps:
(1) the weight portion of the material is as follows: uniformly mixing 20 parts of corn flour, 30 parts of bran, 20 parts of soybean meal, 20 parts of water and 1 part of probiotics to obtain a mixture A, adding the mixture A into a fermentation tank, and carrying out aerobic fermentation at 37 ℃ for 40 hours to obtain a fermented material;
(2) the weight portion of the material is as follows: uniformly mixing 50 parts of the fermented material prepared in the step (1), 6 parts of fish meal, 10 parts of whey powder, 1 part of lysine, 0.1 part of composite vitamin, 3 parts of composite trace element, 0.5 part of piglet feed additive A and 2 parts of piglet feed additive B to obtain a mixture B, and adding the mixture B into a granulator for granulation to obtain cylindrical particles, wherein the particle size of the cylindrical particles is 0.2cm, the length of the cylindrical particles is 0.8cm, and the water content of the cylindrical particles is 10%.
The compound vitamin comprises, by mass, 3 parts of vitamin A, 1 part of vitamin E, 1 part of vitamin B1, 2 parts of vitamin B2, 2 parts of vitamin B6, 2 parts of vitamin E and 0.5 part of folic acid.
The composite trace element comprises, by mass, 4 parts of chelated copper, 2 parts of chelated iron, 1 part of chelated manganese and 1.5 parts of chelated zinc.
The probiotic is bacillus licheniformis.
The preparation method of the piglet feed additive A comprises the following steps: weighing dandelion leaves, dandelion roots, sweet wormwood, common bamboo roots, green tea and chrysanthemum according to the mass ratio of 1:2:1:1:1, and mixing to obtain a traditional Chinese medicine mixture; adding the traditional Chinese medicine mixture into 70% ethanol water solution according to the feed-liquid ratio of 1g:10mL, condensing and refluxing for 2h at 80 ℃, naturally cooling, taking out the seasoning bag to obtain mixed liquid, and performing vacuum drying on the mixed liquid for 10h at 60 ℃ to obtain the piglet feed additive A.
The preparation method of the piglet feed additive B comprises the following steps:
s1: weighing 1 part of hydroxyapatite and 2 parts of montmorillonite, adding the hydroxyapatite and the montmorillonite into 50 parts of ethanol water solution with the mass fraction of 70%, and ultrasonically dispersing the mixture at 200W and 25kHz at room temperature for 10min to obtain suspension;
s2: and (3) filling the suspension prepared in the step S1 into a reaction kettle, reacting for 12 hours at 100 ℃, cooling to room temperature, performing suction filtration on the mixture to obtain a filter cake A, and then washing the filter cake A with water: adding water until the filter cake A is immersed, carrying out suction filtration, washing with water to obtain a filter cake B, drying, crushing and sieving the obtained filter cake B to obtain a modified compound;
s3: adding 2 parts by mass of the modified compound prepared in the step S2 and 2 parts by mass of the functional agent into 10 parts by mass of water, stirring at 30 ℃ and 300r/min for 4h to obtain a mixed solution, and freeze-drying the mixed solution at-35 ℃ for 10h to obtain the piglet feed additive B.
The functional agent is prepared from perilla extract and acidic mucopolysaccharide of cow bones according to a mass ratio of 1: 2.
Example 3
A preparation method of a pig feed for preventing piglet diarrhea comprises the following steps:
(1) the weight portion of the material is as follows: uniformly mixing 20 parts of corn flour, 30 parts of bran, 20 parts of soybean meal, 20 parts of water and 1 part of probiotics to obtain a mixture A, adding the mixture A into a fermentation tank, and carrying out aerobic fermentation at 37 ℃ for 40 hours to obtain a fermented material;
(2) the weight portion of the material is as follows: uniformly mixing 50 parts of the fermented material prepared in the step (1), 6 parts of fish meal, 10 parts of whey powder, 1 part of lysine, 0.1 part of composite vitamin, 3 parts of composite trace element, 0.5 part of piglet feed additive A and 2 parts of piglet feed additive B to obtain a mixture B, and adding the mixture B into a granulator for granulation to obtain cylindrical particles, wherein the particle size of the cylindrical particles is 0.2cm, the length of the cylindrical particles is 0.8cm, and the water content of the cylindrical particles is 10%.
The compound vitamin comprises, by mass, 3 parts of vitamin A, 1 part of vitamin E, 1 part of vitamin B1, 2 parts of vitamin B2, 2 parts of vitamin B6, 2 parts of vitamin E and 0.5 part of folic acid.
The composite trace element comprises, by mass, 4 parts of chelated copper, 2 parts of chelated iron, 1 part of chelated manganese and 1.5 parts of chelated zinc.
The probiotic is bacillus licheniformis.
The preparation method of the piglet feed additive A comprises the following steps: mixing dandelion leaves, dandelion roots, sweet wormwood, common bamboo roots, green tea and chrysanthemum according to the mass ratio of 1:2:1:1:1:1 to obtain a traditional Chinese medicine mixture; adding the traditional Chinese medicine mixture into 70% ethanol water solution according to the feed-liquid ratio of 1g:10mL, condensing and refluxing for 2h at 80 ℃, naturally cooling, taking out the seasoning bag to obtain mixed liquid, and performing vacuum drying on the mixed liquid for 10h at 60 ℃ to obtain the piglet feed additive A.
The preparation method of the piglet feed additive B comprises the following steps:
s1: weighing 1 part of hydroxyapatite and 2 parts of montmorillonite, adding the hydroxyapatite and the montmorillonite into 50 parts of ethanol water solution with the mass fraction of 70%, and ultrasonically dispersing the mixture at 200W and 25kHz at room temperature for 10min to obtain suspension;
s2: and (3) filling the suspension prepared in the step S1 into a reaction kettle, reacting for 12 hours at 100 ℃, cooling to room temperature, performing suction filtration on the mixture to obtain a filter cake A, and then washing the filter cake A with water: adding water until the filter cake A is immersed, carrying out suction filtration, washing with water to obtain a filter cake B, and drying, crushing and sieving the obtained filter cake B to obtain the piglet feed additive B.
Example 4
A preparation method of a pig feed for preventing piglet diarrhea comprises the following steps:
(1) the weight portion of the material is as follows: uniformly mixing 20 parts of corn flour, 30 parts of bran, 20 parts of soybean meal, 20 parts of water and 1 part of probiotics to obtain a mixture A, adding the mixture A into a fermentation tank, and carrying out aerobic fermentation at 37 ℃ for 40 hours to obtain a fermented material;
(2) the weight portion of the material is as follows: uniformly mixing 50 parts of the fermented material prepared in the step (1), 6 parts of fish meal, 10 parts of whey powder, 1 part of lysine, 0.1 part of composite vitamin, 3 parts of composite trace element, 0.5 part of piglet feed additive A and 2 parts of piglet feed additive B to obtain a mixture B, and adding the mixture B into a granulator for granulation to obtain cylindrical particles, wherein the particle size of the cylindrical particles is 0.2cm, the length of the cylindrical particles is 0.8cm, and the water content of the cylindrical particles is 10%.
The compound vitamin comprises, by mass, 3 parts of vitamin A, 1 part of vitamin E, 1 part of vitamin B1, 2 parts of vitamin B2, 2 parts of vitamin B6, 2 parts of vitamin E and 0.5 part of folic acid.
The composite trace element comprises, by mass, 4 parts of chelated copper, 2 parts of chelated iron, 1 part of chelated manganese and 1.5 parts of chelated zinc.
The probiotic is bacillus licheniformis.
The preparation method of the piglet feed additive A comprises the following steps: weighing dandelion leaves, dandelion roots, sweet wormwood, common bamboo roots, green tea and chrysanthemum according to the mass ratio of 1:2:1:1:1, and mixing to obtain a traditional Chinese medicine mixture; adding the traditional Chinese medicine mixture into 70% ethanol water solution according to the feed-liquid ratio of 1g:10mL, condensing and refluxing for 2h at 80 ℃, naturally cooling, taking out the seasoning bag to obtain mixed liquid, and performing vacuum drying on the mixed liquid for 10h at 60 ℃ to obtain the piglet feed additive A.
The preparation method of the piglet feed additive B comprises the following steps:
s1: weighing 1 part of hydroxyapatite and 2 parts of montmorillonite, adding the hydroxyapatite and the montmorillonite into 50 parts of ethanol water solution with the mass fraction of 70%, and ultrasonically dispersing the mixture at 200W and 25kHz at room temperature for 10min to obtain suspension;
s2: and (3) filling the suspension prepared in the step S1 into a reaction kettle, reacting for 12 hours at 100 ℃, cooling to room temperature, performing suction filtration on the mixture to obtain a filter cake A, and then washing the filter cake A with water: adding water until the filter cake A is immersed, carrying out suction filtration, washing with water to obtain a filter cake B, drying, crushing and sieving the obtained filter cake B to obtain a modified compound;
s3: adding 2 parts by mass of the modified compound prepared in the step S2 and 2 parts by mass of the functional agent into 10 parts by mass of water, stirring at 30 ℃ and 300r/min for 4h to obtain a mixed solution, and freeze-drying the mixed solution at-35 ℃ for 10h to obtain the piglet feed additive B.
The functional agent is perilla extract.
Example 5
A preparation method of a pig feed for preventing piglet diarrhea comprises the following steps:
(1) the weight portion of the material is as follows: uniformly mixing 20 parts of corn flour, 30 parts of bran, 20 parts of soybean meal, 20 parts of water and 1 part of probiotics to obtain a mixture A, adding the mixture A into a fermentation tank, and carrying out aerobic fermentation at 37 ℃ for 40 hours to obtain a fermented material;
(2) the weight portion of the material is as follows: uniformly mixing 50 parts of the fermented material prepared in the step (1), 6 parts of fish meal, 10 parts of whey powder, 1 part of lysine, 0.1 part of composite vitamin, 3 parts of composite trace element, 0.5 part of piglet feed additive A and 2 parts of piglet feed additive B to obtain a mixture B, and adding the mixture B into a granulator for granulation to obtain cylindrical particles, wherein the particle size of the cylindrical particles is 0.2cm, the length of the cylindrical particles is 0.8cm, and the water content of the cylindrical particles is 10%.
The compound vitamin comprises, by mass, 3 parts of vitamin A, 1 part of vitamin E, 1 part of vitamin B1, 2 parts of vitamin B2, 2 parts of vitamin B6, 2 parts of vitamin E and 0.5 part of folic acid.
The composite trace element comprises, by mass, 4 parts of chelated copper, 2 parts of chelated iron, 1 part of chelated manganese and 1.5 parts of chelated zinc.
The probiotic is bacillus licheniformis.
The preparation method of the piglet feed additive A comprises the following steps: weighing dandelion leaves, dandelion roots, sweet wormwood, common bamboo roots, green tea and chrysanthemum according to the mass ratio of 1:2:1:1:1, and mixing to obtain a traditional Chinese medicine mixture; adding the traditional Chinese medicine mixture into 70% ethanol water solution according to the feed-liquid ratio of 1g:10mL, condensing and refluxing for 2h at 80 ℃, naturally cooling, taking out the seasoning bag to obtain mixed liquid, and performing vacuum drying on the mixed liquid for 10h at 60 ℃ to obtain the piglet feed additive A.
The preparation method of the piglet feed additive B comprises the following steps:
s1: weighing 1 part of hydroxyapatite and 2 parts of montmorillonite, adding the hydroxyapatite and the montmorillonite into 50 parts of ethanol water solution with the mass fraction of 70%, and ultrasonically dispersing the mixture at 200W and 25kHz at room temperature for 10min to obtain suspension;
s2: and (3) filling the suspension prepared in the step S1 into a reaction kettle, reacting for 12 hours at 100 ℃, cooling to room temperature, performing suction filtration on the mixture to obtain a filter cake A, and then washing the filter cake A with water: adding water until the filter cake A is immersed, carrying out suction filtration, washing with water to obtain a filter cake B, drying, crushing and sieving the obtained filter cake B to obtain a modified compound;
s3: adding 2 parts by mass of the modified compound prepared in the step S2 and 2 parts by mass of the functional agent into 10 parts by mass of water, stirring at 30 ℃ and 300r/min for 4h to obtain a mixed solution, and freeze-drying the mixed solution at-35 ℃ for 10h to obtain the piglet feed additive B.
The functional agent is bovine bone acidic mucopolysaccharide.
Comparative example 1
A preparation method of a pig feed for preventing piglet diarrhea comprises the following steps:
(1) the weight portion of the material is as follows: uniformly mixing 20 parts of corn flour, 30 parts of bran, 20 parts of soybean meal, 20 parts of water and 1 part of probiotics to obtain a mixture A, adding the mixture A into a fermentation tank, and carrying out aerobic fermentation at 37 ℃ for 40 hours to obtain a fermented material;
(2) the weight portion of the material is as follows: uniformly mixing 50 parts of the fermented material prepared in the step (1), 6 parts of fish meal, 10 parts of whey powder, 1 part of lysine, 0.1 part of composite vitamin, 3 parts of composite trace element and 0.5 part of piglet feed additive A to obtain a mixture B, and adding the mixture B into a granulator for granulation to obtain cylindrical granules, wherein the diameter of each cylindrical granule is 0.2cm, the length of each cylindrical granule is 0.8cm, and the water content of each cylindrical granule is 10%.
The compound vitamin comprises, by mass, 3 parts of vitamin A, 1 part of vitamin E, 1 part of vitamin B1, 2 parts of vitamin B2, 2 parts of vitamin B6, 2 parts of vitamin E and 0.5-2 parts of folic acid.
The composite trace element is composed of 4 parts of chelated copper, 2-3 parts of chelated iron, 1 part of chelated manganese and 1.5 parts of chelated zinc in parts by mass.
The probiotic is bacillus licheniformis.
The preparation method of the piglet feed additive A comprises the following steps: weighing dandelion leaves, dandelion roots, sweet wormwood, common bamboo roots, green tea and chrysanthemum according to the mass ratio of 1:2:1:1:1, and mixing to obtain a traditional Chinese medicine mixture; adding the traditional Chinese medicine mixture into 70% ethanol water solution according to the feed-liquid ratio of 1g:10mL, condensing and refluxing for 2h at 80 ℃, naturally cooling, taking out the seasoning bag to obtain mixed liquid, and performing vacuum drying on the mixed liquid for 10h at 60 ℃ to obtain the piglet feed additive A.
Test example 1
The pig feed prepared in the examples and the comparative examples is subjected to a sanitation index test according to GB/T13078-.
And (3) microorganism index characterization: the total number of colonies, the test method refers to GB/T13093-2006 determination of total number of bacteria in feed;
coliform group, the test method refers to GB/T18869 and 2019 'determination of Escherichia coli in feed';
salmonella, the test method refers to GB/T13091 and 2018 determination of Salmonella in feed; the test results are shown in Table 1.
After the feeds prepared in the examples and the comparative examples were stored in a cool and dry place for 6 months, the microbial contamination content was again tested, the storage conditions of the pig feeds were the same for each example, and the test results are shown in table 2.
Table 1: hygiene index test results
Table 2: hygiene index test results after 6 months of storage
| Detecting items | Total number of colonies (CFU/g) | Coliform group (MPN/g) | Salmonella |
| Example 1 | 0.4×104 | ＜3.0 | Not detected out |
| Example 2 | 0.6×104 | ＜3.0 | Not detected out |
| Example 3 | 1.7×104 | ＜3.0 | Not detected out |
| Example 4 | 1.0×104 | ＜3.0 | Not detected out |
| Example 5 | 1.4×104 | ＜3.0 | Not detected out |
| Comparative example 1 | 4.7×104 | 7.4 | Detect out |
The piglet feed additive A has the functions of sterilization and inflammation diminishing, the piglet feed additive B adopts peach gum polysaccharide and taurine modified montmorillonite and hydroxyapatite, the unique surface crystal structure of the hydroxyapatite can selectively adsorb medicines, different pore structures can effectively control the medicine loading amount and the medicine release rate, in addition, a calcium source can be provided for the growth of piglets, the perilla polysaccharide in the perilla extract in the functional agent has the antibacterial effect, the bovine bone acid mucopolysaccharide has the effects of free radical resistance and oxidation resistance, and the antibacterial property and the storage period of the feed are improved by the synergistic effect of the peach gum polysaccharide and the taurine modified montmorillonite and the hydroxyapatite.
Test example 2
The pig feed for preventing diarrhea of piglets prepared in the examples and comparative examples was subjected to a suitability test, the experimental animals were piglets aged from 15 days to 18 days at 60 days, the average body weight was 5.5kg, and 60 piglets were randomly divided into 6 groups of 10 piglets each. Feeding time was 50 days, 8: 00 and 15: 00 feeding twice, freely eating and drinking water, and inspecting the growth condition and diarrhea incidence condition of piglets, wherein the diarrhea is judged by observing the feces of the piglets, and the feces are scored according to the following standard. 0 minute: the excrement is in a strip shape or a granular shape; 1 minute: the manure is soft and can be formed; and 2, dividing: thick, unshaped and inseparable liquid dung; and 3, dividing: liquid, unformed and separated liquid and liquid dung. Piglets were considered to have diarrhea when the stool score was 2 points or more, and the test results are shown in table 3.
Diarrhea rate (%) (total number of diarrhea for each group of piglets)/(total number of piglets per group x total number of days in the test period)
Meat-to-feed ratio (kg) weight gain/total feed consumption (kg)
Table 3: piglet growth performance and diarrhea rate test results
The pig feed for preventing the diarrhea of the piglets is rich in nutrition and strong in palatability, and can repair and improve the intestinal structure of the piglets, improve the growth performance and reduce the diarrhea rate of the piglets. Compared with the comparative example 1, in the example 3, the piglet feed additive B is added into the feed, the montmorillonite in the piglet feed additive B has an adsorption effect, the satiety can be increased, the overeating of piglets can be prevented, the hydroxyapatite can realize chemical bond combination on the intestinal tissue interface, and can be dissolved in a trace manner to release calcium ions, participate in the metabolism of piglets in vivo, promote the repair of defective tissues, and have certain biological activity; the functional agent is added into the piglet feed additive B in the embodiment 4, and the perilla polysaccharide in the perilla extract in the functional agent can remove toxin in intestinal tracts, promote the intestinal villi in intestines and stomach to fully absorb nutrient substances, and improve the meat-feed ratio; the functional agent in the piglet feed additive B in the embodiment 5 is acid mucopolysaccharide, so that the growth of small intestine villi can be promoted, the activity of enzymes in the small intestine villi can be improved, and the absorption of nutrient substances can be further enhanced; in the embodiment 2, the functional agent in the piglet feed additive B adopts the synergistic effect of the perilla polysaccharide and the ox bone acid mucopolysaccharide in the perilla extract, so that the microenvironment of intestinal tracts of piglets is improved, and the absorption of the piglets on nutrient substances in the feed is improved; in the embodiment 1, peach gum and taurine are adopted for modification to obtain modified montmorillonite and modified hydroxyapatite, peach gum polysaccharide is obtained after the peach gum is dissolved, the peach gum polysaccharide coats the taurine co-modified montmorillonite and hydroxyapatite, and after the modified montmorillonite and the modified hydroxyapatite enter gastrointestinal tracts of piglets, the peach gum polysaccharide can be combined with mucus glycoprotein of intestinal mucosa to form a protective film which is attached to the surface of the intestinal mucosa and can slowly release the taurine to promote intestinal digestion, and the peach gum polysaccharide can also be used as an emulsifier of dietary fat.
Test example 3
After test example 2 was completed, two piglets of approximately average body weight were selected for each group and slaughtered while taking out intestinal samples, the ileum was cut into 3cm pieces, washed with physiological saline for 1min, fixed in 10% neutral buffered formalin for 24h, crypt depth and villus height were measured after conventional dehydration, paraffin embedding, sectioning, HE staining, double blind reading, 5 fields of view were observed per section, and villus height/crypt depth was calculated, and the test results are shown in table 3.
TABLE 4 piglet ileum morphology test results
| Test items | Height of pile/mum | Depth of crypt/μm | Villus height/crypt depth |
| Example 1 | 472 | 126 | 3.74 |
| Example 2 | 470 | 132 | 3.56 |
| Example 3 | 453 | 144 | 3.14 |
| Example 4 | 462 | 137 | 3.37 |
| Example 5 | 458 | 132 | 3.46 |
| Comparative example 1 | 413 | 182 | 2.26 |
Compared with the comparative example 1, the feed additive B for the piglets in the example 3 is added with the hydroxyapatite and the montmorillonite, the montmorillonite is combined with the mucous glycoprotein of the intestinal mucosa, when the pathogenic factors attack the intestinal mucosa, the modified montmorillonite can be preferentially adsorbed to protect the intestinal mucosa from being damaged, and meanwhile, the villus abrasion is prevented from being shortened; the functional agent perilla extract is also added into the feed additive B for the piglets in the embodiment 4, and perilla polysaccharide in the perilla extract can clean toxin in intestinal tracts and increase the elasticity and absorbability of villi in small intestines; the acidic mucopolysaccharide of the cow bones is added into the feed additive B for the piglets in the embodiment 5, so that the growth of villi of the small intestine can be promoted, the activity of enzymes in the villi of the small intestine is improved, the release is promoted, the length of the villi of the small intestine is lengthened, and the depth of crypts is shallow; in the embodiment 2, the functional agent in the piglet feed additive B adopts the synergistic effect of the perilla polysaccharide in the perilla extract and the acidic mucopolysaccharide of the cow bones, and the experimental unexpected finding shows that the crypt depth is obviously reduced, so that the ratio of the intestinal tract morphological structure villus height/the crypt depth of the piglet is improved; in the embodiment 1, the piglet feed additive B is modified by peach gum and taurine to obtain modified montmorillonite and modified hydroxyapatite, and peach gum polysaccharide is obtained after the peach gum is dissolved, so that damaged intestinal mucosa can be repaired, the ratio of the height of villus to the depth of crypt is further improved, and the intestinal morphological structure of piglets is improved.
Claims (9)
1. The preparation method of the pig feed for preventing the diarrhea of the piglets is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) uniformly mixing corn flour, bran, bean pulp, water and probiotics to obtain a mixture A, adding the mixture A into a fermentation tank, and carrying out aerobic fermentation to obtain a fermented material;
(2) uniformly mixing the fermented material prepared in the step (1), fish meal, whey powder, lysine, compound vitamins, compound trace elements, a piglet feed additive A and a piglet feed additive B to obtain a mixture B, and adding the mixture B into a granulator for granulation to obtain the piglet feed for preventing piglet diarrhea.
2. The method for preparing the pig feed for preventing the diarrhea of the piglets according to the claim 1, which comprises the following steps:
(1) the weight portion of the material is as follows: uniformly mixing 20-30 parts of corn flour, 30-35 parts of bran, 20-30 parts of soybean meal, 20-25 parts of water and 0.5-2 parts of probiotics to obtain a mixture A, adding the mixture A into a fermentation tank, and carrying out aerobic fermentation at the temperature of 35-40 ℃ for 24-48 h to obtain a fermented material;
(2) the weight portion of the material is as follows: uniformly mixing 50-60 parts of the fermented material prepared in the step (1), 6-8 parts of fish meal, 10-15 parts of whey powder, 1-1.5 parts of lysine, 0.05-0.15 part of composite vitamin, 1-3 parts of composite trace element, 0.5-1 part of piglet feed additive A and 1-3 parts of piglet feed additive B to obtain a mixture B, and adding the mixture B into a granulator for granulation to obtain the piglet feed for preventing piglet diarrhea.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the probiotic bacteria is at least one of bacillus licheniformis and bacillus subtilis.
4. The preparation method of the pig feed for preventing piglet diarrhea according to claim 1, wherein the composite trace elements comprise, by mass, 4 to 6 parts of chelated copper, 2 to 3 parts of chelated iron, 1 to 2 parts of chelated manganese and 1.5 to 2 parts of chelated zinc.
5. The method for preparing the pig feed for preventing the diarrhea of the piglets as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method for preparing the piglet feed additive A comprises the following steps: weighing dandelion leaves, dandelion roots, sweet wormwood, common lophatherum roots, green tea and chrysanthemum according to the mass ratio of (1-2) to (2-3) to (1-2) and mixing to obtain a traditional Chinese medicine mixture; adding the traditional Chinese medicine mixture into 70-80% ethanol water according to a feed liquid ratio of 1g (6-10) mL, condensing and refluxing for 2-3 h at 75-85 ℃, naturally cooling, taking out the seasoning bag to obtain a mixed solution, and performing vacuum drying on the mixed solution at 50-65 ℃ for 8-10 h to obtain the piglet feed additive A.
6. The method for preparing the pig feed for preventing the diarrhea of the piglets as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method for preparing the piglet feed additive B comprises the following steps:
s1: weighing 3-5 parts of hydroxyapatite, 4-6 parts of montmorillonite, 1-3 parts of peach gum and 0.5-2 parts of taurine according to parts by mass, adding into 50-70 parts of ethanol water solution with the mass fraction of 50-70%, and ultrasonically dispersing at room temperature of 100-200W and 20-40 kHz for 10-15 min to obtain a modified compound;
s2: and (3) filling the modified compound prepared in the step S1 into a reaction kettle, reacting for 8-12 h at 90-100 ℃, cooling to room temperature, performing suction filtration on the mixture in the liner to obtain a filter cake A, and then washing the filter cake A with water: adding water until the filter cake A is immersed, carrying out suction filtration, washing with water to obtain a filter cake B, and drying, crushing and sieving the obtained filter cake B to obtain the piglet feed additive B.
7. The method for preparing the pig feed for preventing the diarrhea of the piglets as claimed in claim 6, wherein the method for preparing the piglet feed additive B comprises the following steps:
s1: weighing 1-3 parts of hydroxyapatite, 2-3 parts of montmorillonite, 1-3 parts of peach gum and 0.05-0.1 part of taurine according to parts by mass, adding the materials into 50-70 parts of ethanol water solution with the mass fraction of 50-70%, and ultrasonically dispersing the materials at room temperature of 100-200W and 20-40 kHz for 10-15 min to obtain suspension;
s2: filling the suspension prepared in the step S1 into a reaction kettle, reacting at 90-100 ℃ for 8-12 h, cooling to room temperature, performing suction filtration on the mixture to obtain a filter cake A, then washing the filter cake A with water to obtain a filter cake B, and drying, crushing and sieving the obtained filter cake B to obtain a modified compound;
s3: adding 1-2 parts by mass of the modified compound prepared in the step S2 and 2-3 parts by mass of the functional agent into 6-10 parts by mass of water, stirring at 25-35 ℃ and 300-400 r/min for 3-5 h to obtain a mixed solution, and freeze-drying the mixed solution at-35-30 ℃ for 8-10 h to obtain the piglet feed additive B.
8. The method of preparing a pig feed according to claim 7, wherein the functional agent is perilla extract and/or bovine bone acid mucopolysaccharide.
9. A pig feed for preventing diarrhea in piglets, prepared by the method of any one of claims 1 to 8.
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| CN115336675A (en) * | 2022-08-18 | 2022-11-15 | 山东和美集团有限公司 | Multifunctional duck feed additive and preparation method and application thereof |
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