CN113690471A - Marine fuel cell cooling system and control method thereof - Google Patents
Marine fuel cell cooling system and control method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN113690471A CN113690471A CN202110769645.1A CN202110769645A CN113690471A CN 113690471 A CN113690471 A CN 113690471A CN 202110769645 A CN202110769645 A CN 202110769645A CN 113690471 A CN113690471 A CN 113690471A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
- H01M8/04701—Temperature
- H01M8/04738—Temperature of auxiliary devices, e.g. reformer, compressor, burner
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
- H01M8/04029—Heat exchange using liquids
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
- H01M8/04955—Shut-off or shut-down of fuel cells
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2250/00—Fuel cells for particular applications; Specific features of fuel cell system
- H01M2250/20—Fuel cells in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
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Abstract
The application relates to a cooling system of a fuel cell for a ship and a control method thereof. The system comprises: the system comprises an air system, a galvanic pile, a deionized water cooling system and a conventional water cooling system; the air system includes: an air compressor and a intercooler; a conventional water cooling system and an air compressor form a cooling water circulation loop; the deionized water cooling system and the intercooler form a cooling water circulation loop. According to the scheme provided by the application, a plate type heat exchanger does not need to be additionally arranged in an air system, so that the system structure is simplified; the precise heat exchange of the large-heat equipment in the air system is realized, and the heat exchange efficiency of the system is improved; the heat exchange requirements of the air compressor and the intercooler on different time sequences are met; the ion concentration around the intercooler is reduced, and the working efficiency of the intercooler is guaranteed.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of fuel cells, in particular to a cooling system of a fuel cell for a ship and a control method thereof.
Background
At present, the navigation of ships mainly depends on a marine diesel generator to provide power, and the power generation of the ship generates a large number of pollution sources, so that the resource withering and the ecological environment deterioration are aggravated. The fuel cell is a device for directly converting chemical energy in fuel into electric energy through electrochemical reaction, and compared with the traditional diesel generator, the fuel cell has no fuel combustion process, is not influenced by Carnot cycle, and does not produce substances polluting the atmosphere in the energy conversion process, so that the fuel cell is favored in more and more industries. However, the energy conversion process of the fuel cell generates heat, and the rational control of the temperature of the air inlet and outlet and the temperature of the cooling water inlet and outlet of the fuel cell is the key to the reliable operation of the fuel cell.
However, in the fuel cell cooling system of the conventional method, some of the cooling devices are used for cooling the gas circulating in the air system, and some of the cooling devices are used for exchanging heat with the gas circulating in the air system, but the following problems may also exist in this way:
some equipment in the air system, such as air compressor machine, intercooler etc. because the operation lasts, its itself also can produce a large amount of heats, if do not carry out temperature control to these equipment, can be because the normal work of operation temperature influence equipment on the one hand, on the other hand, when gas circulation gets into this equipment, can improve gaseous temperature equally, aggravate and carry out temperature control's burden to the gas of air system mesocycle.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the problems in the related art, the application provides a cooling system of a fuel cell for a ship and a control method thereof, which do not need to additionally install a plate type heat exchanger in an air system and simplify the structure of the system; the precise heat exchange of the large-heat equipment in the air system is realized, and the heat exchange efficiency of the system is improved; the heat exchange requirements of the air compressor and the intercooler on different time sequences are met; the ion concentration around the intercooler is reduced, and the working efficiency of the intercooler is guaranteed.
A first aspect of the present application provides a fuel cell cooling system for a ship, comprising: the system comprises an air system 1, a galvanic pile 2, a deionized water cooling system 3 and a conventional water cooling system 4;
the air system 1 comprises: an air compressor 11 and a intercooler 12;
the air system 1 is used for conveying gas meeting reaction conditions to the electric pile 2 and discharging waste gas generated after the reaction is finished;
the conventional water cooling system 4 and the air compressor 11 form a cooling water circulation loop;
the deionized water cooling system 3 and the intercooler 12 form a cooling water circulation loop.
In one embodiment, the method further comprises: a plate heat exchanger 5;
the conventional water cooling system 4 includes: an air compressor heat exchange unit 41, a fuel cell DC/DC converter heat exchange unit 42, a temperature sensor 43, a first electronic water pump 44 and a first expansion water tank 45;
the fuel cell DC/DC converter heat exchange unit 42, the temperature sensor 43 and the first electronic water pump 44 are connected in sequence;
the output end of the fuel cell DC/DC converter heat exchange unit 42 is connected with the input end of the plate type heat exchanger 5;
the input end of the first electronic water pump 44 is connected with the output end of the plate heat exchanger 5;
the two ends of the fuel cell DC/DC converter heat exchange unit 42 are connected in parallel with the air compressor heat exchange unit 41;
the first expansion water tank 45 is connected between the input end of the first electronic water pump 44 and the output end of the plate heat exchanger 5 in parallel;
the air compressor heat exchange units 41 are connected in parallel at two ends of the air compressor 11 of the air system 1.
In one embodiment, the deionized water cooling system 3 comprises: a second electronic water pump 31, a temperature and pressure integrated sensor 32, a thermostat 33, a deionizer 34, a conductivity tester 35 and a second expansion water tank 36;
the temperature and pressure integrated sensor 32, the second electronic water pump 31 and the thermostat 33 are connected in sequence;
the input end of the temperature and pressure integrated sensor 32 is connected with the cooling water outlet of the galvanic pile 2;
the output end of the thermostat 33 is connected with a cooling water inlet of the electric pile 2;
one end of the intercooler 12 of the air system 1 is connected to the input end of the second electronic water pump 31, and the other end is connected to the output end of the thermostat 33;
the joint of the second electronic water pump 31 and the thermostat 33 is connected with the input end of the plate heat exchanger 5;
the deionizer 34 and the second expansion tank 36 form a circulation loop;
the input end of the deionizer 34 is connected with the output end of the plate heat exchanger 5 and the input end of the thermostat 33;
the conductivity tester 35 is connected between the output of the plate heat exchanger 5 and the output of the deionizer 34;
the input end of the second expansion water tank 36 is connected with the cooling water outlet of the electric pile 2.
In one embodiment, the plate heat exchanger 5 forms a cooling water circulation loop with the de-ionized water cooling system 3 and the conventional water cooling system 4, respectively.
In one embodiment, the air system 1 comprises: the system comprises an air compressor 11, an intercooler 12, an air filter 13, a flow meter 14, a pressure sensor 15, a humidifier 16, a first throttle valve 17, a first temperature and humidity integrated sensor 18, a second throttle valve 19 and a second temperature and humidity integrated sensor 20;
the air filter 13, the flow meter 14, the air compressor 11, the pressure sensor 15, the intercooler 12, the humidifier 16, and the second throttle valve 19 are connected in sequence;
the second temperature and humidity integrated sensor 20, the humidifier 16, the first throttle valve 17 and the first temperature and humidity integrated sensor 18 are connected in sequence;
the input end of the air filter 13 is connected with the air inlet of the air system 1;
the output end of the second throttle valve 19 is connected with an air outlet of the air system 1;
the output end of the first temperature-humidity-pressure integrated sensor 18 is connected with the air inlet of the electric pile 2;
the input end of the second temperature-humidity-pressure integrated sensor 20 is connected with the air outlet of the galvanic pile 2.
In one embodiment, the plate heat exchanger 5 exchanges heat between the conventional water cooling system 4 and the deionized water cooling system 3 via an ambient water source.
In one embodiment, the deionized water cooling system 3 and the galvanic pile 2 form a cooling water circulation loop.
A second aspect of the present application provides a control method of a marine fuel cell cooling system, including:
after the system works, detecting the liquid level of the first expansion water tank 45;
if the liquid level of the first expansion water tank 45 is less than or equal to a first threshold value, starting water shortage protection and stopping running of the system;
if the liquid level of the first expansion water tank 45 is greater than the first threshold value, starting a first electronic water pump 44 and collecting the temperature value of the conventional circulating water through a temperature sensor 43;
if the temperature value of the conventional circulating water is less than or equal to a second threshold value, regulating and controlling the rotating speed of the first electronic water pump 44 according to the temperature value of the conventional circulating water;
and if the temperature value of the conventional circulating water is greater than the second threshold value, starting over-temperature protection and stopping running of the system.
In one embodiment, after the controlling the rotation speed of the first electronic water pump 44 according to the temperature value of the regular circulating water, the method includes:
the temperature sensor 43 is used for collecting the temperature value of the conventional circulating water and judging whether the temperature value of the conventional circulating water is less than or equal to the second threshold value.
In one embodiment, the method further comprises:
after the system works, the liquid level of the second expansion water tank 36 is detected;
if the liquid level of the second expansion water tank 36 is less than or equal to a third threshold value, starting water shortage protection and stopping running of the system;
if the liquid level of the second expansion water tank 36 is greater than the third threshold, the second electronic water pump 31 is started and the conductivity of the deionized circulating water is detected by the conductivity tester 35;
if the conductivity of the deionized circulating water is greater than the fourth threshold, indicating that the deionizer 34 needs to be replaced;
if the conductivity of the deionized circulating water is less than or equal to the fourth threshold value, acquiring the temperature of the deionized circulating water through a temperature and pressure integrated sensor 32;
if the temperature of the deionized circulating water is less than or equal to the fifth threshold, closing a valve of the thermostat 33, regulating and controlling the rotating speed of the second electronic water pump 31 according to the temperature of the deionized circulating water, and starting the air compressor 11;
if the temperature of the deionized circulating water is greater than the fifth threshold and less than or equal to a sixth threshold, opening a valve of the thermostat 33 to between 0 and 90 degrees, and opening the air compressor 11;
if the temperature of the deionized circulating water is greater than the sixth threshold value, starting over-temperature protection and stopping running of the system;
the water pressure of the deionized circulating water is collected through the temperature and pressure integrated sensor 32;
if the water pressure of the deionized circulating water is greater than or equal to a seventh threshold value and smaller than an eighth threshold value, the system starts an abnormal cooling water pressure alarm and stops running;
and if the water pressure of the deionized circulating water is less than the seventh threshold value or greater than or equal to the eighth threshold value, regulating and controlling the rotating speed of the second electronic water pump 31 according to the water pressure of the deionized circulating water.
In one embodiment, after the controlling the rotation speed of the second electronic water pump 31 according to the water pressure of the deionized circulating water, the method includes:
and detecting the conductivity of the deionized circulating water by the conductivity tester 35 and judging whether the conductivity of the deionized circulating water is larger than the fourth threshold value.
The technical scheme provided by the application can comprise the following beneficial effects:
the cooling system of the present application includes: the system comprises an air system, a galvanic pile, a deionized water cooling system and a conventional water cooling system; the air system includes: an air compressor and a intercooler; a conventional water cooling system and an air compressor form a cooling water circulation loop; the deionized water cooling system and the intercooler form a cooling water circulation loop. The air compressor among the air system mainly acts on and provides power for the air of inhaling, and the intercooler mainly acts on and cools down the high-temperature gas that the air compressor export came out, consequently, air compressor and intercooler can incessantly contact high-temperature gas at the operation in-process, and simultaneously, air compressor and intercooler self operation also can produce a large amount of heat energy, consequently, the urgent need carry out the heat transfer to air compressor and intercooler. The scheme of the application adopts the conventional water cooling system and the deionized water cooling system to respectively exchange heat with the air compressor and the intercooler in the air system, replaces the traditional mode of adopting cooling equipment or heat exchange equipment (such as a plate heat exchanger) to cool or exchange heat with the gas in the air system, does not need to additionally install the plate heat exchanger in the air system on one hand, simplifies the system structure, realizes accurate heat exchange with large-heat equipment in the air system on the other hand, improves the heat exchange efficiency of the system, in addition, because the air enters the air compressor and then enters the intercooler, the air compressor and the intercooler have time sequence precedence relationship on the action node, adopts the two systems of the conventional water cooling system and the deionized water cooling system to respectively exchange heat with the air compressor and the intercooler, and can meet the heat exchange requirements of the air compressor and the intercooler on different time sequences, simultaneously, because the intercooler is probably worn and torn the production extra ion at the operation in-process, influences the normal work of intercooler, adopts deionized water cooling system to carry out the heat transfer to it and can reduce its ion concentration on every side, ensures its work efficiency.
It is to be understood that both the foregoing general description and the following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory only and are not restrictive of the application.
Drawings
The foregoing and other objects, features and advantages of the application will be apparent from the following more particular descriptions of exemplary embodiments of the application, as illustrated in the accompanying drawings wherein like reference numbers generally represent like parts throughout the exemplary embodiments of the application.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a cooling system of a fuel cell for a ship according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 2 is an internal structure view of a cooling system of a fuel cell for a ship according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 3 is a schematic flow chart illustrating a control method of a conventional water cooling system in a cooling system of a marine fuel cell according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 4 is a schematic flow chart illustrating a method for controlling a deionized water cooling system in a marine fuel cell cooling system according to an embodiment of the present application.
Detailed Description
Preferred embodiments of the present application will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. While the preferred embodiments of the present application are shown in the drawings, it should be understood that the present application may be embodied in various forms and should not be limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the disclosure to those skilled in the art.
The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the application. As used in this application and the appended claims, the singular forms "a", "an", and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It should also be understood that the term "and/or" as used herein refers to and encompasses any and all possible combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.
It should be understood that although the terms "first," "second," "third," etc. may be used herein to describe various information, these information should not be limited to these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one type of information from another. For example, first information may also be referred to as second information, and similarly, second information may also be referred to as first information, without departing from the scope of the present application. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of the present application, "a plurality" means two or more unless specifically limited otherwise.
In the fuel cell cooling system of the traditional method, some are to cool down the gas circulating in the air system by arranging the cooling equipment, and some are to exchange heat for the gas circulating in the air system by arranging the heat exchange equipment, but the following problems can also exist in the way:
some equipment in the air system, such as air compressor machine, intercooler etc. because the operation lasts, its itself also can produce a large amount of heats, if do not carry out temperature control to these equipment, can be because the normal work of operation temperature influence equipment on the one hand, on the other hand, when gas circulation gets into this equipment, can improve gaseous temperature equally, aggravate and carry out temperature control's burden to the gas of air system mesocycle.
In view of the above problems, embodiments of the present application provide a cooling system for a marine fuel cell and a control method thereof, which do not require a plate heat exchanger to be additionally installed in an air system, thereby simplifying the system structure; the precise heat exchange of the large-heat equipment in the air system is realized, and the heat exchange efficiency of the system is improved; the heat exchange requirements of the air compressor and the intercooler on different time sequences are met; the ion concentration around the intercooler is reduced, and the working efficiency of the intercooler is guaranteed.
The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Example one
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a cooling system of a fuel cell for a ship according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 2 is an internal structure diagram of a cooling system for a marine fuel cell according to an embodiment of the present application.
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, a cooling system for a marine fuel cell according to an embodiment of the present invention includes:
air system 1, galvanic pile 2, deionized water cooling system 3 and conventional water cooling system 4, air system 1 includes: the air compressor 11 and the intercooler 12, the conventional water cooling system 4 and the air compressor 11 form a cooling water circulation loop, and the deionized water cooling system 3 and the intercooler 12 form a cooling water circulation loop.
The air system 1 and the galvanic pile 2 form a circulation loop for conveying gas meeting reaction conditions to the galvanic pile 2 and discharging waste gas generated after reaction, air parameters such as flow, pressure, humidity, temperature and the like entering and exiting the galvanic pile 2 are controlled and adjusted through the air system 1, optimal air required by internal reaction is provided for the galvanic pile 2, and the waste gas after reaction of the galvanic pile 2 is humidified and discharged.
The fuel cell needs oxygen to react in the operation process, and meanwhile, heat generated by the electric pile 2 needs to be dissipated in time in the reaction process, so that the performance reduction of the electric pile 2 caused by a large heat load is avoided, and the reasonable control of the temperature of the air side inlet and outlet of the fuel cell is very important.
The following advantageous effects can be obtained from the first embodiment:
the cooling system of the present embodiment includes: the system comprises an air system, a galvanic pile, a deionized water cooling system and a conventional water cooling system; the air system includes: an air compressor and a intercooler; a conventional water cooling system and an air compressor form a cooling water circulation loop; the deionized water cooling system and the intercooler form a cooling water circulation loop. The air compressor among the air system mainly acts on and provides power for the air of inhaling, and the intercooler mainly acts on and cools down the high-temperature gas that the air compressor export came out, consequently, air compressor and intercooler can incessantly contact high-temperature gas at the operation in-process, and simultaneously, air compressor and intercooler self operation also can produce a large amount of heat energy, consequently, the urgent need carry out the heat transfer to air compressor and intercooler. In the embodiment, a conventional water cooling system and a deionized water cooling system are adopted to respectively exchange heat with an air compressor and a intercooler in an air system, instead of a traditional mode of adopting cooling equipment or heat exchange equipment (such as a plate heat exchanger) to cool or exchange heat with gas in the air system, on one hand, the plate heat exchanger does not need to be additionally arranged in the air system, the system structure is simplified, on the other hand, accurate heat exchange with large-heat equipment in the air system is realized, the heat exchange efficiency of the system is improved, in addition, because air enters the air compressor and then enters the intercooler, the air compressor and the intercooler have time sequence precedence relationship on action nodes, two sets of systems of the conventional water cooling system and the deionized water cooling system are adopted to respectively exchange heat with the air compressor and the intercooler, and the heat exchange requirements of the air compressor and the intercooler on different time sequences can be met, simultaneously, because the intercooler is probably worn and torn the production extra ion at the operation in-process, influences the normal work of intercooler, adopts deionized water cooling system to carry out the heat transfer to it and can reduce its ion concentration on every side, ensures its work efficiency.
Example two
In practical application, on the basis of the first embodiment, the deionized water cooling system and the conventional water cooling system need to be subjected to heat exchange.
Referring to fig. 1, a plate heat exchanger 5 forms a cooling water circulation loop with a deionized water cooling system 3 and a conventional water cooling system 4, respectively, and the plate heat exchanger 5 exchanges heat with the conventional water cooling system 4 and the deionized water cooling system 3 through an ambient water source.
The following advantageous effects can be obtained from the second embodiment:
this embodiment adopts a plate heat exchanger to connect conventional water cooling system and deionized water cooling system's mode respectively, realizes the heat transfer to two water cooling system, set up a plate heat exchanger respectively to deionized water cooling system and conventional water cooling system in with traditional mode and carry out the heat transfer and compare, this embodiment has reduced the use of heat exchanger, has simplified system architecture, simultaneously, carries out the heat transfer with ambient water, can be so that system temperature is close with ambient temperature mutually, avoids because the operation of two too big influence cooling system of difference in temperature.
EXAMPLE III
In practical application, on the basis of the above embodiment, the air system, the conventional water cooling system and the deionized water cooling system are matched to reasonably control the temperature of the air side inlet and outlet of the fuel cell and the temperature of the cooling water inlet and outlet so as to ensure the stable operation of the electric pile.
Referring to fig. 2, the air system 1 includes: the system comprises an air compressor 11, an intercooler 12, an air filter 13, a flow meter 14, a pressure sensor 15, a humidifier 16, a first throttle valve 17, a first temperature and humidity integrated sensor 18, a second throttle valve 19 and a second temperature and humidity integrated sensor 20; the air filter 13, the flowmeter 14, the air compressor 11, the pressure sensor 15, the intercooler 12, the humidifier 16 and the second throttle valve 19 are connected in sequence; the second temperature and humidity integrated sensor 20, the humidifier 16, the first throttle valve 17 and the first temperature and humidity integrated sensor 18 are connected in sequence; the input end of the air filter 13 is connected with the air inlet of the air system 1; the output end of the second throttle valve 19 is connected with the air outlet of the air system 1; the output end of the first temperature-humidity-pressure integrated sensor 18 is connected with the air inlet of the electric pile 2; the input end of the second temperature-humidity-pressure integrated sensor 20 is connected with the air outlet of the electric pile 2.
The air state (temperature, humidity, pressure) entering and exiting the galvanic pile 2 is monitored by the first temperature-humidity-pressure integrated sensor 18 and the second temperature-humidity-pressure integrated sensor 20, so that the galvanic pile 2 operates under proper working conditions. The air flow rate into the stack 2 is regulated by controlling the opening degree of the first throttle valve 17, and the fuel cell back pressure is regulated by controlling the opening degree of the second throttle valve 19.
Back pressure refers to the pressure at the back end, and is generally used to describe the pressure (greater than the local atmospheric pressure) against which the fluid exiting the system is subjected at the outlet or secondary side, in the opposite direction to the flow.
The conventional water cooling system 4 includes: an air compressor heat exchange unit 41, a fuel cell DC/DC converter heat exchange unit 42, a temperature sensor 43, a first electronic water pump 44 and a first expansion water tank 45; the fuel cell DC/DC converter heat exchange unit 42, the temperature sensor 43 and the first electronic water pump 44 are connected in sequence; the output end of the fuel cell DC/DC converter heat exchange unit 42 is connected with the input end of the plate type heat exchanger 5; the input end of the first electronic water pump 44 is connected with the output end of the plate heat exchanger 5; two ends of the fuel cell DC/DC converter heat exchange unit 42 are connected with the air compressor heat exchange unit 41 in parallel; a first expansion water tank 45 is connected in parallel between the input end of the first electronic water pump 44 and the output end of the plate heat exchanger 5; the air compressor heat exchange unit 41 is connected in parallel to both ends of the air compressor 11 of the air system 1.
The conventional water cooling system 4 is mainly used for exchanging heat between the air compressor heat exchange unit 41 and the fuel cell DC/DC converter heat exchange unit 42. The temperature of the circulating water of the conventional water cooling system 4 is detected by the temperature sensor 43, and the rotating speed of the first electronic water pump 44 is controlled and adjusted accordingly.
The first expansion tank 45 may provide a corresponding makeup coolant to the cooling system, which is flowed by the pressure of the first electronic water pump 44. The first electronic water pump 44 has a low pressure at the side where water is absorbed, and is prone to generate steam bubbles, so that the water yield of the first electronic water pump 44 is significantly reduced, and cavitation erosion of the water pump is caused, wherein cavitation erosion is generally a phenomenon that cavitation erosion damage occurs on a metal surface contacted by a fluid under conditions of high-speed flow and pressure change. Install first expansion tank 45 additional after, because there is the filling water pipe and first expansion tank 45 installs the eminence at the pipeline between first expansion tank 45 and the first electronic water pump 44 water inlet, it will run into the water tank to have gas as long as the system is inside, consequently, steam bubbles in the system galvanic pile 2 and the steam bubbles in the plate heat exchanger 5 pass through first expansion tank 45 of pipeline entering, the gas escape of first expansion tank 45 with the water cooling system the inside, thereby make the thorough separation of gas-water, prevent that the harm of first electronic water pump 44 cavitation from producing.
The liquid level detection in the first expansion water tank 45 can monitor whether the system has water shortage or not in real time and protect the system in time, so that the first electronic water pump 44 is prevented from idle running and being damaged.
The deionized water cooling system 3 and the electric pile 2 form a circulation loop, and the system comprises: a second electronic water pump 31, a temperature and pressure integrated sensor 32, a thermostat 33, a deionizer 34, a conductivity tester 35 and a second expansion water tank 36; the temperature and pressure integrated sensor 32, the second electronic water pump 31 and the thermostat 33 are connected in sequence; the input end of the temperature and pressure integrated sensor 32 is connected with the cooling water outlet of the galvanic pile 2; the output end of the thermostat 33 is connected with a cooling water inlet of the electric pile 2; one end of an intercooler 12 of the air system 1 is connected with the input end of the second electronic water pump 31, and the other end is connected with the output end of the thermostat 33; the joint of the second electronic water pump 31 and the thermostat 33 is connected with the input end of the plate heat exchanger 5; the deionizer 34 and the second expansion tank 36 form a circulation loop; the input end of the deionizer 34 is connected with the output end of the plate heat exchanger 5 and the input end of the thermostat 33; the conductivity tester 35 is connected between the output end of the plate heat exchanger 5 and the output end of the deionizer 34; the input end of the second expansion water tank 36 is connected with the cooling water outlet of the electric pile 2.
The deionized water cooling system 3 is mainly used for exchanging heat for the galvanic pile 2 and the intercooler 12, and detecting the temperature and the pressure of the circulating water of the deionized water cooling system 3 through the temperature and pressure integrated sensor 32. The temperature of the circulating water entering the electric pile 2 and the intercooler 12 is adjusted by controlling the opening of the thermostat 33, and the water pressure and the temperature of the circulating water entering the electric pile 2 and the intercooler 12 are adjusted by controlling the rotating speed of the second electronic water pump 31, so that the electric pile 2 operates under proper working conditions. The second expansion tank 36 can exhaust gas in the system, and can also provide corresponding supply cooling liquid for the cooling system and prevent the second electronic water pump 31 from cavitation damage. The liquid level detection in the second expansion water tank 36 can monitor whether the system has water shortage or not in real time and protect the system in time, so that the second electronic water pump 31 is prevented from idle running and being damaged.
The ions in the circulating water originate primarily from the cooling system component materials, such as during fuel cell operation, and may generate additional ions due to fluid wear and corrosion on piping and various control valves. Higher ion concentration is harmful to the membrane electrode, so that the control of the ion concentration in the reaction process of the galvanic pile is very critical. The deionizer 34 is used for reducing the ion content in the circulating water, detecting the ion content in the circulating water through the conductivity tester 35, monitoring in real time and prompting to replace the deionizer 34 in time when the ion content in the circulating water is too high.
The following beneficial effects can be obtained from the third embodiment:
in the embodiment, the humidification of the humidifier of the air system is compensated by the reaction water vapor in the air outlet of the fuel cell, so that the water vapor utilization is realized, compared with the traditional mode that a humidification branch or a humidification system is specially arranged, the method is simpler and more efficient, the humidification circulation is formed between the air system and the fuel cell stack, the water vapor reutilization is realized, and the resources are saved; the conventional water cooling system is utilized to exchange heat between the air compressor heat exchange unit and the fuel cell DC/DC converter heat exchange unit, so that the air compressor heat exchange unit can better exchange heat with an air compressor in an air system, and the fuel cell DC/DC converter heat exchange unit can better exchange heat with a fuel cell converter, thereby ensuring the stable work of the air compressor and the fuel cell converter; the deionized water cooling system is used for exchanging heat between the electric pile and an intercooler in the air system, so that the stable work of the electric pile and the intercooler is guaranteed, ions in the circulating water are removed, and the membrane electrode is prevented from being damaged by overhigh ion concentration; the expansion water tank is utilized to improve the internal pressure of the system to prevent the cavitation of the water pump. Compare with traditional cooling water system, in this embodiment, conventional water cooling system and deionized water cooling system are except accomplishing self circulating water cooling work, still to the key part among the air system, such as the air compressor machine, the intercooler carries out the heat transfer, consequently, need not set up plate heat exchanger among the air system and come to carry out the heat transfer to key part, only need be connected conventional water cooling system and deionized water cooling system and same plate heat exchanger promptly and accomplish the heat transfer to two sets of water cooling system, reuse conventional water cooling system and deionized water cooling system and carry out the heat transfer to air cooling system, accomplish the heat transfer to the pile with this mutually supporting, plate heat exchanger's while having practiced thrift has also simplified entire system's structure.
Example four
In practical applications, on the basis of the above embodiments, a conventional water cooling system needs to be logically controlled to ensure stable operation of the system.
Fig. 3 is a schematic flow chart illustrating a control method of a conventional water cooling system in a cooling system of a marine fuel cell according to an embodiment of the present application.
Referring to fig. 3, a method for controlling a conventional water cooling system in a cooling system of a marine fuel cell according to an embodiment of the present invention includes:
when the temperature of the circulating water is high, the rotating speed of the first electronic water pump is increased to accelerate heat exchange and reduce the water temperature, and when the temperature of the circulating water is low, the rotating speed of the first electronic water pump is reduced to slow down heat exchange and increase the water temperature, so that the system stability is realized.
And acquiring the temperature value of the conventional circulating water in real time through a temperature sensor in the process of regulating the rotating speed of the first electronic water pump and judging whether the temperature value of the conventional circulating water is less than or equal to a second threshold value or not, namely, the step 404 of circulating until the temperature value of the conventional circulating water is greater than the second threshold value, jumping out of the circulation and entering the step 406.
And 406, if the temperature value of the conventional circulating water is greater than a second threshold value, starting over-temperature protection and stopping running of the system.
The following advantageous effects can be obtained from the fourth embodiment:
in this embodiment, carry out logic control and fault diagnosis to conventional water cooling system according to water tank liquid level and temperature, realize that the heat transfer of system is balanced, make conventional water cooling system operation stable to make the pile work in suitable reaction environment, realize that the pile is high-efficient reliably to generate electricity, extension system life-span.
EXAMPLE five
In practical applications, on the basis of the above embodiments, the deionized water cooling system needs to be logically controlled to ensure stable operation of the system.
Fig. 4 is a schematic flow chart illustrating a method for controlling a deionized water cooling system in a marine fuel cell cooling system according to an embodiment of the present application.
Referring to fig. 4, a method for controlling a deionized water cooling system in a marine fuel cell cooling system according to an embodiment of the present application includes:
504, detecting the conductivity of the deionized circulating water through a conductivity tester and judging whether the conductivity of the deionized circulating water is greater than a fourth threshold value;
505, if the conductivity of the deionized circulating water is greater than a fourth threshold value, prompting that the deionizer needs to be replaced;
509, if the temperature of the deionized circulating water is greater than the fifth threshold and less than or equal to the sixth threshold, opening a valve of the thermostat to between 0 and 90 degrees, and opening an air compressor;
when the circulating water pressure is high, the rotating speed of the second electronic water pump is reduced to reduce the water pressure, and when the circulating water pressure is low, the rotating speed of the second electronic water pump is increased to increase the water pressure, so that the system stability is realized.
And detecting the conductivity of the ion circulating water in real time by using a conductivity tester in the process of regulating the rotating speed of the second electronic water pump, and judging whether the conductivity of the deionized circulating water is greater than a fourth threshold value, namely starting circulation from the step 504 again.
The following beneficial effects can be obtained from the fifth embodiment:
in the embodiment, the deionized water cooling system is subjected to logic control and fault judgment according to the liquid level, the conductivity, the water temperature and the water pressure of the water tank, so that heat exchange and ion concentration balance of the system are realized, the deionized water cooling system is stable in operation, a galvanic pile works in a proper reaction environment, efficient and reliable power generation of the galvanic pile is realized, and the service life of the system is prolonged.
Having described embodiments of the present application, the foregoing description is intended to be exemplary, not exhaustive, and not limited to the disclosed embodiments. Many modifications and variations will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the scope and spirit of the described embodiments. The terminology used herein is chosen in order to best explain the principles of the embodiments, the practical application, or improvements made to the technology in the marketplace, or to enable others of ordinary skill in the art to understand the embodiments disclosed herein.
Claims (11)
1. A marine fuel cell cooling system, comprising: the system comprises an air system (1), a galvanic pile (2), a deionized water cooling system (3) and a conventional water cooling system (4);
the air system (1) comprises: an air compressor (11) and a intercooler (12);
the air system (1) is used for conveying gas meeting the reaction condition to the electric pile (2) and discharging waste gas generated after the reaction is finished;
the conventional water cooling system (4) and the air compressor (11) form a cooling water circulation loop;
the deionized water cooling system (3) and the intercooler (12) form a cooling water circulation loop.
2. The marine fuel cell cooling system of claim 1, further comprising: a plate heat exchanger (5);
the conventional water cooling system (4) comprises: the system comprises an air compressor heat exchange unit (41), a fuel cell DC/DC converter heat exchange unit (42), a temperature sensor (43), a first electronic water pump (44) and a first expansion water tank (45);
the fuel cell DC/DC converter heat exchange unit (42), the temperature sensor (43) and the first electronic water pump (44) are connected in sequence;
the output end of the fuel cell DC/DC converter heat exchange unit (42) is connected with the input end of the plate type heat exchanger (5);
the input end of the first electronic water pump (44) is connected with the output end of the plate type heat exchanger (5);
the two ends of the fuel cell DC/DC converter heat exchange unit (42) are connected with the air compressor heat exchange unit (41) in parallel;
the first expansion water tank (45) is connected between the input end of the first electronic water pump (44) and the output end of the plate type heat exchanger (5) in parallel;
the air compressor heat exchange units (41) are connected in parallel at two ends of the air compressor (11) of the air system (1).
3. The marine fuel cell cooling system according to claim 2, wherein the de-ionized water cooling system (3) comprises: the system comprises a second electronic water pump (31), a temperature and pressure integrated sensor (32), a thermostat (33), a deionizer (34), a conductivity tester (35) and a second expansion water tank (36);
the temperature and pressure integrated sensor (32), the second electronic water pump (31) and the thermostat (33) are connected in sequence;
the input end of the temperature and pressure integrated sensor (32) is connected with a cooling water outlet of the galvanic pile (2);
the output end of the thermostat (33) is connected with a cooling water inlet of the electric pile (2);
one end of the intercooler (12) of the air system (1) is connected with the input end of the second electronic water pump (31), and the other end of the intercooler is connected with the output end of the thermostat (33);
the joint of the second electronic water pump (31) and the thermostat (33) is connected with the input end of the plate heat exchanger (5);
the deionizer (34) and the second expansion tank (36) form a circulation loop;
the input end of the deionizer (34) is connected with the output end of the plate heat exchanger (5) and the input end of the thermostat (33);
the conductivity tester (35) is connected between the output of the plate heat exchanger (5) and the output of the deionizer (34);
the input end of the second expansion water tank (36) is connected with the cooling water outlet of the electric pile (2).
4. The marine fuel cell cooling system according to claim 3, characterized in that:
and the plate heat exchanger (5) forms a cooling water circulation loop with the deionized water cooling system (3) and the conventional water cooling system (4) respectively.
5. The marine fuel cell cooling system according to claim 4, wherein the air system (1) comprises: the air conditioner comprises an air compressor (11), an intercooler (12), an air filter (13), a flow meter (14), a pressure sensor (15), a humidifier (16), a first throttle valve (17), a first temperature and humidity pressure integrated sensor (18), a second throttle valve (19) and a second temperature and humidity pressure integrated sensor (20);
the air filter (13), the flow meter (14), the air compressor (11), the pressure sensor (15), the intercooler (12), the humidifier (16) and the second throttle valve (19) are connected in sequence;
the second temperature and humidity integrated sensor (20), the humidifier (16), the first throttle valve (17) and the first temperature and humidity integrated sensor (18) are sequentially connected;
the input end of the air filter (13) is connected with an air inlet of the air system (1);
the output end of the second throttle valve (19) is connected with an air outlet of the air system (1);
the output end of the first temperature, humidity and pressure integrated sensor (18) is connected with the air inlet of the galvanic pile (2);
the input end of the second temperature-humidity-pressure integrated sensor (20) is connected with the air outlet of the galvanic pile (2).
6. The marine fuel cell cooling system according to claim 5, characterized in that:
the plate heat exchanger (5) exchanges heat between the conventional water cooling system (4) and the deionized water cooling system (3) through an environmental water source.
7. The marine fuel cell cooling system according to claim 6, wherein:
the deionized water cooling system (3) and the galvanic pile (2) form a cooling water circulation loop.
8. A control method for a cooling system for a marine fuel cell, characterized by controlling the cooling system according to any one of claims 2 to 7, comprising:
after the system works, detecting the liquid level of a first expansion water tank (45);
if the liquid level of the first expansion water tank (45) is less than or equal to a first threshold value, starting water shortage protection and stopping running of the system;
if the liquid level of the first expansion water tank (45) is greater than the first threshold value, starting a first electronic water pump (44) and collecting the temperature value of the conventional circulating water through a temperature sensor (43);
if the temperature value of the conventional circulating water is smaller than or equal to a second threshold value, regulating and controlling the rotating speed of the first electronic water pump (44) according to the temperature value of the conventional circulating water;
and if the temperature value of the conventional circulating water is greater than the second threshold value, starting over-temperature protection and stopping running of the system.
9. The control method of the marine fuel cell cooling system according to claim 8, wherein the controlling the rotation speed of the first electronic water pump (44) according to the temperature value of the regular circulating water comprises:
and acquiring the temperature value of the conventional circulating water through the temperature sensor (43) and judging whether the temperature value of the conventional circulating water is less than or equal to the second threshold value or not.
10. The control method for the marine fuel cell cooling system according to claim 8, further comprising:
after the system works, the liquid level of the second expansion water tank (36) is detected;
if the liquid level of the second expansion water tank (36) is less than or equal to a third threshold value, starting water shortage protection and stopping running of the system;
if the liquid level of the second expansion water tank (36) is larger than the third threshold value, starting a second electronic water pump (31) and detecting the conductivity of the deionized circulating water through a conductivity tester (35);
if the conductivity of the deionized circulating water is larger than a fourth threshold value, prompting that the deionizer (34) needs to be replaced;
if the conductivity of the deionized circulating water is less than or equal to the fourth threshold value, collecting the temperature of the deionized circulating water through a temperature and pressure integrated sensor (32);
if the temperature of the deionized circulating water is less than or equal to the fifth threshold value, closing a valve of a thermostat (33), regulating and controlling the rotating speed of the second electronic water pump (31) according to the temperature of the deionized circulating water, and starting an air compressor (11);
if the temperature of the deionized circulating water is greater than the fifth threshold and less than or equal to a sixth threshold, opening a valve of the thermostat (33) to 0-90 ℃ and opening the air compressor (11);
if the temperature of the deionized circulating water is greater than the sixth threshold value, starting over-temperature protection and stopping running of the system;
collecting the water pressure of the deionized circulating water through the temperature and pressure integrated sensor (32);
if the water pressure of the deionized circulating water is greater than or equal to a seventh threshold value and smaller than an eighth threshold value, the system starts an abnormal cooling water pressure alarm and stops running;
and if the water pressure of the deionized circulating water is less than the seventh threshold value or more than or equal to the eighth threshold value, regulating and controlling the rotating speed of the second electronic water pump (31) according to the water pressure of the deionized circulating water.
11. The control method of the marine fuel cell cooling system according to claim 10, wherein the controlling the rotation speed of the second electronic water pump (31) according to the water pressure of the deionized circulating water comprises:
and detecting the conductivity of the deionized circulating water through the conductivity tester (35) and judging whether the conductivity of the deionized circulating water is larger than the fourth threshold value.
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