CN113686689B - Device and method for carrying out combined loading test on rubber elastic element of railway vehicle - Google Patents
Device and method for carrying out combined loading test on rubber elastic element of railway vehicle Download PDFInfo
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- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/08—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of fatigue tests of rubber elastic elements of railway vehicles, and particularly discloses a device for carrying out combined loading tests on the rubber elastic elements of the railway vehicles, wherein the device comprises a simulated bogie assembly and a simulated vehicle body assembly, the simulated bogie assembly comprises a guide unit, a horizontal loading unit and a connecting rod unit, and the rubber elastic elements are vertically loaded by downwards applying vertical loading force to the guide unit; the connecting rod unit comprises a first connecting rod and a second connecting rod which are perpendicular to each other, and the rubber elastic element is transversely loaded and longitudinally loaded through the first connecting rod and the second connecting rod, so that the vertical, longitudinal and transverse three-way loading test of the rubber elastic element is simultaneously realized. The scheme also provides a method for carrying out combined loading test on the rubber elastic element of the railway vehicle.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a device and a method for carrying out combined loading test on a rubber elastic element of a railway vehicle, and belongs to the technical field of fatigue test of rubber elastic elements of railway vehicles.
Background
Along with the rapid development of the rail transit industry in China, high speed, safety and comfort have become development trends of design and manufacture of rail vehicles, and the vibration damping rubber elastic elements are arranged in a primary vibration damping system and a secondary vibration damping system of the rail vehicles, so that the safety and the comfort of the vehicles are greatly improved. The rubber elastic element of the railway vehicle is divided into two major types, namely a first-system damping element and a second-system damping element, wherein the first-system damping element comprises an axle box spring, a first-system spring and the like, the second-system damping element comprises a second-system damping pad, an air spring and the like, and the first-system damping element and the second-system damping element are all elastic bodies formed by vulcanizing metal pieces and rubber at high temperature and high pressure, and have the advantages of good damping effect, simple structure, convenience in maintenance and the like, so that the rubber elastic element is widely applied to a first-system damping system and a second-system damping system of the railway vehicle.
During the running process of the railway vehicle, when the railway vehicle passes through a curve, according to the actual running condition of the vehicle, rubber elastic elements arranged in a primary damping system and a secondary damping system of the railway vehicle can bear three loads of a vehicle body load (namely a vertical load Fx), a traction force parallel to the railway (namely a longitudinal load Fz) and a horizontal lateral force perpendicular to the railway (namely a transverse load Fy) at the same time, and play a very important role in the primary damping system and the secondary damping system. In order to ensure the safety and stability of the running of the vehicle, the rubber elastic element is subjected to a three-way combined loading test conforming to the actual road working condition, and the real mechanical property of the rubber elastic element is tested, so that the rubber elastic element has very important significance.
At present, the mechanical property test of the rubber elastic element of the railway vehicle mostly adopts a single loading mode or a bidirectional loading mode after decomposition, and mainly has the following problems:
1. the single loading mode cannot simulate the working condition that the elastic element bears multidirectional load at the same time, so that the fatigue performance of the rubber elastic element under the complex stress condition is difficult to accurately represent, and the real mechanical performance of the rubber elastic element cannot be accurately reflected.
2. The bidirectional loading mode can only load the vertical direction and the transverse direction simultaneously or load the vertical direction and the longitudinal direction simultaneously. If the patent number is 201710841451.1, the patent name is a vertical plate spring vertical fatigue test device and method, the design is carried out according to the actual installation mode, the size and the bearing deformation characteristics of the vertical plate spring on the automobile, the fatigue test can be carried out on the plate spring under the condition of vertical and vertical simultaneous loading, the vertical fatigue life of the plate spring is detected, and the reliability and the authenticity of the fatigue test of the plate spring combined direction loading are improved. For another example, the patent number is 200920064929.5, and the patent name is a rubber spring two-way loading static performance testing machine which has two loading directions, namely vertical and horizontal, and can be used for testing the vertical and horizontal static performance of air springs, rubber stacks and other similar products for rolling stocks; the testing machine has the advantages of compact structure, high efficiency, reliable performance, high precision and good stability, adopts the computer for control, and has simple and convenient testing operation, accurate testing data and visual display layout. The two schemes can simultaneously perform two-way loading tests on products, but cannot simultaneously perform three-way loading tests on the products in the vertical direction, the transverse direction and the longitudinal direction.
3. The existing rubber elastic element loading device can only carry out loading test on one product, and when the loading test is to be carried out on one product, one product is placed on a sliding table of the loading device to carry out the test; if two products need to be loaded simultaneously, a second sliding table is additionally arranged below the original sliding table, and the two products to be tested are respectively placed on the two sliding tables for detection, so that the accuracy of test data during simultaneous detection of the two products is greatly reduced due to mutual friction interference between the two sliding tables.
Disclosure of Invention
The device for carrying out the combined loading test on the rubber elastic element of the railway vehicle can simulate the actual working condition of a railway line, and simultaneously carries out the vertical, horizontal and longitudinal combined loading test on the railway vehicle, thereby improving the accuracy of fatigue data of the rubber elastic element under the combined loading working condition and improving the fatigue efficiency. The invention also provides a method for carrying out combined loading test on the rubber elastic element of the railway vehicle.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention proposes the following technical scheme: the device for carrying out combined loading test on the rubber elastic element of the railway vehicle comprises a simulated bogie assembly, wherein the simulated bogie assembly comprises a guide unit, a horizontal loading unit and a connecting rod unit, the guide unit and the horizontal loading unit are of a frame structure, and the horizontal loading unit is arranged in a frame of the guide unit; the horizontal loading unit comprises fixing plates and a middle rotating shaft which is positioned between the fixing plates and is vertically arranged, the rubber elastic element is fixed between the fixing plates and the guide unit, and vertical loading force is applied to the guide unit downwards so as to vertically load the rubber elastic element; the connecting rod unit comprises a first connecting rod and a second connecting rod which are perpendicular to each other, the first connecting rod and the second connecting rod are perpendicular to the middle rotating shaft, the first connecting rod and the second connecting rod are movably connected to the middle rotating shaft through universal bearings, and the middle rotating shaft is loaded through the first connecting rod and the second connecting rod so as to transversely load and longitudinally load the rubber elastic element.
Preferably, the first connecting rod comprises a first loading rod and a second loading rod which are symmetrically arranged, the second connecting rod comprises a third loading rod which is arranged between the first loading rod and the second loading rod, and the first loading rod, the second loading rod and the third loading rod are all connected to the middle rotating shaft through universal bearings; one end of the first loading rod and one end of the second loading rod, which are far away from the middle rotating shaft, are provided with a gusset plate, and one end of the third loading rod, which is far away from the middle rotating shaft, is provided with a gusset plate, and the loading is applied to the first loading rod, the second loading rod and the third loading rod through the gusset plate and acts on the middle rotating shaft, so that the loading force is transmitted to the rubber elastic element through the middle rotating shaft, and the transverse loading and the longitudinal loading are carried out.
Preferably, the fixing plate comprises an upper fixing plate and a lower fixing plate, and the middle rotating shaft is connected between the upper fixing plate and the lower fixing plate and is positioned in the middle of the upper fixing plate and the lower fixing plate; a plurality of support rods positioned outside the middle rotating shaft are also uniformly arranged between the upper fixing plate and the lower fixing plate, the upper fixing plate, the lower fixing plate and the support rods form a first frame, and the middle rotating shaft is positioned in the vertical middle of the first frame.
Preferably, limiting rings are arranged between the first loading rod and the upper fixed plate, between the first loading rod and the third loading rod and between the third loading rod and the second loading rod, and between the second loading rod and the lower fixed plate, and the positions of the first loading rod, the second loading rod and the third loading rod on the middle rotating shaft are limited through the limiting rings.
Preferably, the guide unit comprises an upper fixed disc and a lower fixed disc, a loading disc is arranged below the upper fixed disc, the upper fixed disc and the loading disc are connected above the lower fixed disc through a stand column, and the loading disc can move up and down along the stand column; the upper fixed disc, the upright posts and the lower fixed disc form a second frame, and the horizontal loading unit is positioned in the second frame and between the loading disc and the lower fixed disc; a first station is formed between the loading disc and the upper fixing plate and used for assembling a first rubber elastic element, a second station is formed between the lower fixing disc and the lower fixing plate and used for assembling a second rubber elastic element, and a double station can be formed through the first station and the second station and used for simultaneously carrying out loading tests on the two rubber elastic elements.
Preferably, one end of the middle rotating shaft is provided with a limiting step for preventing the middle rotating shaft from moving out, the other end of the middle rotating shaft is provided with a limiting check ring for preventing the middle rotating shaft from moving out, and the two ends of the middle rotating shaft are limited through the limiting step and the limiting check ring to prevent the middle rotating shaft from moving out.
Preferably, the device further comprises a frame-type simulated body assembly, the simulated body assembly forming a third frame from the base and the bracket, the simulated bogie assembly being located within the third frame; the upper end of the middle part of the base is provided with a bottom bracket, and the simulated bogie component is arranged at the upper end of the bottom bracket through a lower fixed disc; the bracket comprises a side support column and an upper support plate, and a vertical loading oil cylinder for vertically loading the rubber elastic element is arranged at the lower end of the upper support plate; a guide device for guiding the vertical loading oil cylinder is arranged between the side support columns, the guide device comprises a mounting seat and a guide plate, the guide plate is fixedly connected to the side support columns through the mounting seat, and a positioning column for pressing the second frame and preventing the second frame from shaking is arranged at the lower end of the guide plate; the middle part of the guide plate is provided with a through hole for the vertical loading oil cylinder to pass through, and a power output rod of the vertical loading oil cylinder can downwards move through the through hole and apply vertical load to the loading disc so as to vertically load the rubber elastic element.
Preferably, the base is provided with two counterforce seats, the two counterforce seats are respectively provided with a longitudinal loading unit and a transverse loading unit, the longitudinal loading unit is provided with a longitudinal loading oil cylinder, the transverse loading unit is provided with a transverse loading oil cylinder, the longitudinal loading oil cylinder and the transverse loading oil cylinder are mutually vertical, and the longitudinal loading oil cylinder and the transverse loading oil cylinder are both arranged vertically to the middle rotating shaft; the power output rod of the longitudinal loading oil cylinder and the power output rod of the transverse loading oil cylinder apply acting force to the gusset plate to transversely load and longitudinally load the rubber elastic element; the longitudinal loading oil cylinder and the transverse loading oil cylinder are respectively provided with a hinge which is used for enabling the power output rod of the longitudinal loading oil cylinder and the power output rod of the transverse loading oil cylinder to be capable of adjusting positions according to actual working conditions.
The method for carrying out combined loading test on the rubber elastic element of the railway vehicle adopts the loading test device to carry out combined loading test on the rubber elastic element of the railway vehicle, and comprises the following steps:
the first step: the first rubber elastic element is fixedly arranged on a first station between the upper fixing plate and the loading disc, the second rubber elastic element is fixedly arranged on a second station between the lower fixing plate and the lower fixing disc, and the first rubber elastic element and the second rubber elastic element are connected in series through the upper fixing plate, the lower fixing plate and the middle rotating shaft;
and a second step of: the simulated bogie assembly is pressed tightly through the collet and the positioning column to prevent the simulated bogie assembly from shaking;
and a third step of: simultaneously starting a vertical loading oil cylinder, a longitudinal loading oil cylinder and a transverse loading oil cylinder; the vertical loading oil cylinder drives a power output rod of the vertical loading oil cylinder to move downwards, and applies vertical load to a loading disc through a through hole in the middle of the guide plate, the loading disc moves downwards along the upright post, and the vertical load is sequentially transmitted to the first rubber elastic element, the middle rotating shaft and the second rubber elastic element through the loading disc, so that a vertical loading test is carried out on the first rubber elastic element and the second rubber elastic element which are connected in series; the power output rod of the longitudinal loading oil cylinder drives the power output rod of the longitudinal loading oil cylinder to apply longitudinal load to the gusset plate in the longitudinal direction, the power output rod of the transverse loading oil cylinder drives the power output rod of the transverse loading oil cylinder to apply transverse load to the gusset plate in the transverse direction, the gusset plate in the longitudinal direction and the gusset plate in the transverse direction transmit the longitudinal load and the transverse load to the middle rotating shaft through the connecting rod unit, and then the middle rotating shaft transmits the longitudinal load and the transverse load to the first rubber elastic element and the second rubber elastic element, so that the first rubber elastic element and the second rubber elastic element are subjected to vertical loading, longitudinal loading and transverse loading tests at the same time.
Preferably, the first rubber elastic element to be tested is fixedly placed on a first station between the upper fixing plate and the loading disc, and the second rubber elastic element is fixedly placed on a second station between the lower fixing plate and the lower fixing disc, specifically: the upper part of the first rubber elastic element to be tested is fixedly connected with the loading disc, the lower part of the first rubber elastic element is fixedly connected with the upper end of the middle rotating shaft and the upper fixing plate, the upper part of the second rubber elastic element is fixedly connected with the lower end of the middle rotating shaft and the lower fixing plate through the limiting retainer ring, and the lower part of the second rubber elastic element is fixedly connected with the lower fixing disc, so that the first rubber elastic element is fixedly installed on the first station, and the second rubber elastic element is fixedly installed on the second station; the simulated bogie assembly is prevented from shaking by pressing the simulated bogie assembly through the collet and the positioning column, and specifically comprises: the lower fixing plate is arranged at the upper end of the collet, and the positioning column is tightly pressed at the upper end of the upper fixing plate, so that the simulation bogie component is fixedly pressed through the collet and the positioning column.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. according to the invention, the vertical, longitudinal and transverse three-way loading test can be simultaneously carried out on the rubber elastic element, so that the accuracy of fatigue data of the rubber elastic element under the composite loading working condition is improved, and the fatigue efficiency is improved. The vertical loading is to transfer the vertical load to the rubber elastic element downwards through the vertical loading oil cylinder, the horizontal loading is to transfer the horizontal load to the rubber elastic element through the middle rotating shaft through the horizontal loading oil cylinder, and the longitudinal loading is to transfer the longitudinal load to the rubber elastic element through the middle rotating shaft through the longitudinal loading oil cylinder.
2. According to the invention, through the arrangement of the simulated bogie assembly, two test stations are arranged between the guide unit and the horizontal loading unit, and the two rubber elastic elements can be connected in series, so that three-way loading tests can be simultaneously carried out on two elastic rubber element samples, the two rubber elastic elements are not mutually interfered between the two test stations, the accuracy of test data is high, and the problem that the accuracy of the test data is influenced due to friction between the two sliding tables when the two elastic rubber element samples are simultaneously loaded in the prior art is avoided.
3. According to the invention, a first frame is formed by 3 frame structures, namely an upper fixing plate, a lower fixing plate and a supporting rod, a second frame is formed by an upper fixing plate, an upright post and a lower fixing plate, and a third frame is formed by a base and a bracket; the second frame is fixed through the positioning column and the bottom bracket of the third frame, and the rubber elastic element is fixed through the second frame and the first frame, so that the structure is simple, and the performance is reliable; and the independent frame type structure ensures that the vertical installation height, the transverse installation space and the longitudinal installation space of the whole test device can be adjusted according to the interfaces and the spaces of different test machines, thereby meeting the requirements of the installation spaces of the different test machines and the lengths of the rubber elastic element samples.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic front view of the overall structure of an analog bogie assembly according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic top view of fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is a left-hand structural schematic diagram of fig. 1.
Fig. 4 is a schematic front view showing the overall structure of an analog vehicle body component in the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a schematic top view of fig. 4.
Fig. 6 is a left-hand structural schematic diagram of fig. 4.
FIG. 7 is a schematic front view of the overall structure of the apparatus for combined loading test in an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 8 is a schematic top view of fig. 7.
Fig. 9 is a left-hand structural schematic diagram of fig. 7.
The reference numerals include: 1. a first rubber elastic element; 2. a second rubber elastic element; 3. a middle rotating shaft; 7. a first loading rod; 8. a second loading rod; 9. a third loading rod; 10. a longitudinal gusset; 12. an upper fixing plate; 13. a lower fixing plate; 14. a support rod; 15. a first frame; 16. a limiting ring; 17. an upper fixing plate; 18. a lower fixing plate; 19. loading a disc; 20. a column; 21. a first station; 22. a second station; 23. a limit step; 24. a limit retainer ring; 25. a base; 27. a bottom support; 28. a side support column; 29. an upper support plate; 30. a vertical loading oil cylinder; 31. a power output rod of the vertical loading oil cylinder; 32. a mounting base; 33. a guide plate; 34. positioning columns; 35. a longitudinal counterforce seat; 36. a transverse counterforce seat; 37. a longitudinal loading oil cylinder; 38. a power output rod of the longitudinal loading oil cylinder; 39. a transverse loading oil cylinder; 40. a power output rod of the transverse loading oil cylinder; 41. a hinge; 43. a guide copper sleeve; 44. a vertical loading plate.
Detailed Description
Embodiments of the present invention are described in further detail below with reference to fig. 1-9.
As shown in the figure, during the running process of the vehicle, the rubber elastic elements of the railway vehicle as the primary damping elements or the secondary damping elements bear three-way loads at the same time, and the three loads are respectively: a. the body itself carries a load, namely a vertical load Fx; b. traction parallel to the track, i.e. longitudinal load Fz; c. horizontal lateral force perpendicular to the rail, i.e. transverse load Fy. In order to ensure the smooth running of the vehicle and the working performance of the rubber elastic element of the railway vehicle as a primary damping element or a secondary damping element, a three-way combined loading test is required to be carried out on the rubber elastic element of the railway vehicle before loading.
The device for carrying out combined loading test on the rubber elastic element of the railway vehicle comprises a simulated bogie assembly, wherein the simulated bogie assembly comprises a guide unit, a horizontal loading unit and a connecting rod unit, the guide unit and the horizontal loading unit are of a frame structure, and the horizontal loading unit is arranged in a frame of the guide unit; the horizontal loading unit comprises fixing plates and a middle rotating shaft 3 which is positioned between the fixing plates and is vertically arranged, the rubber elastic element is fixed between the fixing plates and the guiding unit, and vertical loading force is applied to the guiding unit downwards so as to vertically load the rubber elastic element; the connecting rod unit comprises a first connecting rod and a second connecting rod which are perpendicular to each other, the first connecting rod and the second connecting rod are perpendicular to the middle rotating shaft 3, the first connecting rod and the second connecting rod are movably connected to the middle rotating shaft 3 through universal bearings, and the first connecting rod and the second connecting rod are used for loading the middle rotating shaft 3 so as to transversely load and longitudinally load the rubber elastic element. According to the invention, the vertical, longitudinal and transverse three-way loading test can be simultaneously carried out on the rubber elastic element, so that the accuracy of fatigue data of the rubber elastic element under the composite loading working condition is improved, and the fatigue efficiency is improved.
As shown in fig. 3, the first connecting rod comprises a first loading rod 7 and a second loading rod 8 which are symmetrically arranged, the second connecting rod comprises a third loading rod 9 which is arranged between the first loading rod 7 and the second loading rod 8, and the first loading rod 7, the second loading rod 8 and the third loading rod 9 are all connected on the middle rotating shaft 3 through universal bearings; the end of the first loading rod 7 and the second loading rod 8 far away from the middle rotating shaft 3 is provided with a gusset, the end of the third loading rod 9 far away from the middle rotating shaft 3 is provided with a gusset, the loading is applied to the first loading rod 7, the second loading rod 8 and the third loading rod 9 through the gusset and acts on the middle rotating shaft 3, and then the loading force is transmitted to the rubber elastic element through the middle rotating shaft 3 so as to carry out transverse loading and longitudinal loading.
In the actual test process, the staff can set the first connecting rod as a longitudinal loading end, set the second connecting rod as a transverse loading end and set the first connecting rod as a transverse loading end according to specific product requirements, and set the second connecting rod as a longitudinal loading end, in this embodiment, the first connecting rod is preferably set as a longitudinal loading end, namely, one gusset plate of the first loading rod 7 and the second loading rod 8, which is far away from one end of the middle rotating shaft 3, is a longitudinal gusset plate 10, and one gusset plate of the third loading rod 9, which is far away from one end of the middle rotating shaft 3, is a transverse gusset plate; the first loading rod 7, the second loading rod 8 and the third loading rod 9 are connected with the middle rotating shaft 3 through universal bearings, when a longitudinal loading plate 10 applies longitudinal load to the first loading rod 7 and the second loading rod 8, and a transverse loading plate applies transverse load to the third loading rod 9, the first loading rod 7, the second loading rod 8, the third loading rod 9 and the middle rotating shaft 3 can be freely twisted, so that the first connecting rod and the second connecting rod can vertically and horizontally move around the rotating shaft, and the transverse loading test and the longitudinal loading test of the rubber elastic element can be realized. The first loading rod 7 and the second loading rod 8 are symmetrically arranged and are connected with the middle rotating shaft 3, so that the first loading rod 7 and the second loading rod 8 can be guaranteed to be stably connected with the middle rotating shaft 3, the third loading rod 9 is arranged between the first loading rod 7 and the second loading rod 8, the stability of connection among the first loading rod 7, the second loading rod 8, the third loading rod 9 and the middle rotating shaft 3 can be guaranteed, uniform loading is carried out transversely and longitudinally, and accuracy of test data is guaranteed.
As shown in fig. 1 and 3, the fixing plate includes an upper fixing plate 12 and a lower fixing plate 13, and the middle rotating shaft 3 is connected between the upper fixing plate 12 and the lower fixing plate 13 and is positioned in the middle of the upper fixing plate 12 and the lower fixing plate 13; a plurality of support rods 14 positioned outside the middle rotating shaft 3 are also uniformly arranged between the upper fixing plate 12 and the lower fixing plate 13, the upper fixing plate 12, the lower fixing plate 13 and the support rods 14 form a first frame 15, and the middle rotating shaft 3 is positioned in the vertical middle of the first frame 15.
A plurality of support rods 14 are arranged between the upper fixing plate 12 and the lower fixing plate 13, four support rods 14 in the embodiment are arranged, the middle rotating shaft 3 is positioned on a vertical central shaft between the upper fixing plate 12 and the lower fixing plate 13, and the four support rods 14 are uniformly distributed on the peripheral side of the middle rotating shaft 3 and used for supporting the upper fixing plate 12 and the lower fixing plate 13; the upper fixing plate 12, the lower fixing plate 13 and the support bar 14 form a first frame 15, and the first frame 15 moves integrally with the loading forces of the first and second links during the lateral loading test and the vertical loading test of the rubber elastic element.
As shown in fig. 1 and 3, a limiting ring 16 is arranged between the first loading rod 7 and the upper fixed plate 12, between the first loading rod 7 and the third loading rod 9 and between the third loading rod 9 and the second loading rod 8, and between the second loading rod 8 and the lower fixed plate 13, and the positions of the first loading rod 7, the second loading rod 8 and the third loading rod 9 on the middle rotating shaft 3 are limited by the limiting ring 16, so that the first loading rod 7, the second loading rod 8 and the third loading rod 9 are prevented from moving up and down along the middle rotating shaft 3 in the loading process, and the middle rotating shaft 3 is ensured to be uniformly stressed in the loading process, so that the loading force can be transmitted to the rubber elastic element, and the accuracy of test data is ensured; the spacing ring 16 also ensures that the first and second links have sufficient installation space.
As shown in fig. 1 and 3, the guiding unit comprises an upper fixed disc 17 and a lower fixed disc 18, a loading disc 19 is arranged below the upper fixed disc 17, the upper fixed disc 17 and the loading disc 19 are connected above the lower fixed disc 18 through a stand column 20, and the loading disc 19 can move up and down along the stand column 20; the upper fixed disk 17, the upright 20 and the lower fixed disk 18 form a second frame, and the horizontal loading unit is positioned in the second frame and between the loading disk 19 and the lower fixed disk 18; a first station 21 is formed between the loading disc 19 and the upper fixing plate 12 for assembling the first rubber elastic element 1, a second station 22 is formed between the lower fixing disc 18 and the lower fixing plate 13 for assembling the second rubber elastic element 2, and a double station can be formed by the first station 21 and the second station 22 and loading tests can be carried out on the two rubber elastic elements at the same time.
Four upright posts 20 in the embodiment are uniformly distributed at the upper end of the lower fixed disk 18 and positioned at the peripheral side of the horizontal loading unit, the upper fixed disk 17, the upright posts 20 and the lower fixed disk 18 form an independent second frame, the loading disk 19 is positioned between the upper fixed disk 18 and the lower fixed disk 19 and positioned above the horizontal loading unit, the upper end of the loading disk 19 is provided with a guide copper sleeve 43 which can be sleeved on the upright posts 20, and the guide copper sleeve 43 can enable the loading disk 19 to be supported more stably and can guide the loading disk 19 when the loading disk 19 moves up and down along the upright posts 20 under load; when the vertical load Fx is applied to the rubber elastic element, the second frame can prevent the specimen from being unstable due to the large displacement horizontal deformation when the lateral load Fy and the longitudinal load Fz are applied to the rubber elastic element.
As shown in fig. 1, two parallel loading stations are formed between the first frame 15 and the second frame, the first station 21 is located between the loading disc 19 and the upper fixing plate 12, the second station 22 is located between the lower fixing disc 18 and the lower fixing plate 13, and the first rubber elastic element 1 and the second rubber elastic element 2 to be tested can be assembled on the first station 21 and the second station 22 respectively; the upper part of the first rubber elastic element 1 is fixedly connected with the loading disc 19, the lower part of the first rubber elastic element 1 is fixedly connected with the upper end of the middle rotating shaft 3 and the upper fixing plate 12, the upper part of the second rubber elastic element 2 is fixedly connected with the lower end of the middle rotating shaft 3 and the lower fixing plate 13, and the lower part of the second rubber elastic element 2 is fixedly connected with the lower fixing disc 18, so that the first rubber elastic element 1 is fixedly installed on the first station 21, and the second rubber elastic element 2 is fixedly installed on the second station 22; at this time, the first station 21 and the second station 22, the first rubber elastic element 1 and the second rubber elastic element 2 do not interfere with each other, so that accuracy of test data can be ensured.
As shown in fig. 3, one end of the middle rotating shaft 3 is provided with a limiting step 23 for preventing the middle rotating shaft 3 from being shifted out, the other end of the middle rotating shaft 3 is provided with a limiting check ring 24 for preventing the middle rotating shaft 3 from being shifted out, and the two ends of the middle rotating shaft 3 are limited through the limiting step 23 and the limiting check ring 24 to prevent the middle rotating shaft 3 from shifting out. In this embodiment, the middle rotating shaft 3 is installed in the middle assembly holes of the upper fixing plate 12 and the lower fixing plate 13 in an interference manner, when in assembly, the small end of the middle rotating shaft 3 is installed first, the small end is not provided with the limiting step 23, then the large end of the middle rotating shaft 3 is installed, and the large end is provided with the limiting step 23, therefore, after the middle rotating shaft 3 is assembled, only the large end provided with the limiting step 23 has the limiting function, and the small end not provided with the limiting step 23 cannot be limited, so that the middle rotating shaft 3 is easy to be moved out in the working process; if the limiting steps 23 are disposed at both ends of the middle rotating shaft 3, the middle rotating shaft 3 cannot be assembled into the middle assembly holes of the upper fixing plate 12 and the lower fixing plate 13 in an interference manner. In order to solve the problem, the limiting check ring 24 is additionally arranged at the small end of the middle rotating shaft 3, and the two ends of the middle rotating shaft 3 are limited through the limiting step 23 and the limiting check ring 24 to prevent the middle rotating shaft 3 from moving. And during the assembly, the big end and the small end of the middle rotating shaft 3 can be adjusted according to actual conditions, in this embodiment, the big end of the middle rotating shaft 3 with the limiting step 23 is connected with the upper fixing plate 12, the small end of the middle rotating shaft 3 is connected with the lower fixing plate 13, and the limiting retainer ring 24 is additionally arranged at the lower end of the middle rotating shaft 3.
The apparatus for combined loading test of the rubber elastic element of the railway vehicle further comprises a simulated vehicle body assembly of a frame type, the simulated vehicle body assembly forming a third frame by a base 25 and a bracket, as shown in fig. 7, the simulated bogie assembly being located in the third frame; as shown in fig. 4 and 7, the upper end of the middle part of the base 25 is provided with a bottom bracket 27, and the simulated bogie assembly is arranged at the upper end of the bottom bracket 27 through the lower fixing disc 18; the support comprises four side support columns 28 and an upper support plate 29, wherein the number of the side support columns 28 is four, the lower end of the upper support plate 29 is provided with a vertical loading oil cylinder 30 for vertically loading the rubber elastic element, and the four side support columns 28 are uniformly distributed on the periphery side of the vertical loading oil cylinder 30; a guide device for guiding the vertical loading oil cylinder 30 is arranged between the side support columns 28, the guide device comprises a mounting seat 32 and a guide plate 33, the guide plate 33 is fixedly connected to the side support columns 28 through the mounting seat 32, the guide plate 33 can ensure that a power output rod 31 of the vertical loading oil cylinder moves vertically downwards to load, the power output rod 31 of the vertical loading oil cylinder is prevented from being eccentrically loaded, the stability of vertical loading force is ensured, and the accuracy of vertical loading test data is ensured; the lower end of the power output rod 31 of the vertical loading oil cylinder is provided with a vertical loading plate 44, and the vertical loading plate 44 can enlarge the contact area between the power output rod 31 of the vertical loading oil cylinder and the loading disc 19, so that the power output rod 31 of the vertical loading oil cylinder can better apply vertical loading force to the loading disc 19; the lower end of the guide plate 33 is provided with a positioning column 34 which presses the second frame and prevents the second frame from shaking, and during the loading process, the positioning column 34 is pressed on the upper end of the upper fixing disc 17 in the second frame and acts with the bottom bracket 27 to stabilize the second frame; the middle part of the guide plate 33 is provided with a through hole for the vertical loading oil cylinder 30 to pass through, the power output rod 31 of the vertical loading oil cylinder can downwards move through the through hole and apply vertical load to the loading disc 19 so as to vertically load the rubber elastic element, and the loading disc 19 then transmits the vertical load to the rubber elastic element.
As shown in fig. 4 and 7, two reaction seats are arranged on the base 25, a longitudinal loading unit and a transverse loading unit are respectively arranged on the two reaction seats, specifically, the two reaction seats are a longitudinal reaction seat 35 and a transverse reaction seat 36 respectively, the longitudinal loading unit is arranged on the longitudinal reaction seat 35, the transverse loading unit is arranged on the transverse reaction seat 36, a longitudinal loading oil cylinder 37 is arranged on the longitudinal loading unit, a transverse loading oil cylinder 39 is arranged on the transverse loading unit, as shown in fig. 5 and 8, the longitudinal loading oil cylinder 37 and the transverse loading oil cylinder 39 are mutually perpendicular, and the longitudinal loading oil cylinder 37 and the transverse loading oil cylinder 39 are both arranged perpendicular to the middle rotating shaft 3, so that a vertical, longitudinal and transverse three-way simulation loading test is realized; the force is applied to the gusset plate through the power output rod 38 of the longitudinal loading oil cylinder and the power output rod 40 of the transverse loading oil cylinder to transversely load and longitudinally load the rubber elastic element; the power output rod 38 of the longitudinal loading oil cylinder applies longitudinal loading force to the longitudinal gusset 10, the longitudinal gusset 10 transmits the longitudinal loading force to the first loading rod 7 and the second loading rod 8, the first loading rod 7 and the second loading rod 8 transmit the longitudinal loading force to the middle rotating shaft 3, and the middle rotating shaft 3 transmits the longitudinal loading force to the first rubber elastic element 1 and the second rubber elastic element 2, so that the longitudinal loading of the two rubber elastic elements is realized; the power output rod 40 of the transverse loading oil cylinder transmits the transverse loading force to the third loading rod 9, the third loading rod 9 transmits the transverse loading force to the middle rotating shaft 3, and the middle rotating shaft 3 transmits the transverse loading force to the first rubber elastic element 1 and the second rubber elastic element 2, so that the transverse loading of the two rubber elastic elements is realized; the longitudinal loading oil cylinder 37 and the transverse loading oil cylinder 39 are respectively provided with a hinge 41 for enabling the power output rod 38 of the longitudinal loading oil cylinder and the power output rod 40 of the transverse loading oil cylinder to be capable of adjusting positions according to actual working conditions.
The three independent frame structures are respectively a first frame 15 formed by the upper fixing plate 12, the lower fixing plate 13 and the supporting rod 14, a second frame formed by the upper fixing plate 17, the upright post 20 and the lower fixing plate 18 and a third frame formed by the base 25 and the bracket, so that the vertical installation height, the transverse installation space and the longitudinal installation space of the whole testing device can be adjusted according to interfaces and spaces of different testing machines, and the requirements of the installation spaces of different testing machines and the lengths of the rubber elastic element samples are met.
The method for carrying out combined loading test on the rubber elastic element of the railway vehicle adopts the loading test device to carry out combined loading test on the rubber elastic element of the railway vehicle, and comprises the following steps:
the first step: the first rubber elastic element 1 is fixedly arranged on a first station 21 between the upper fixing plate 12 and the loading disc 19, the second rubber elastic element 2 is fixedly arranged on a second station 22 between the lower fixing plate 13 and the lower fixing disc 18, and the first rubber elastic element 1 and the second rubber elastic element 2 are connected in series through the upper fixing plate 12, the lower fixing plate 13 and the middle rotating shaft 3;
and a second step of: compacting the simulated bogie assembly via the shoe 27 and the locating post 34 to prevent the simulated bogie assembly from rocking;
and a third step of: simultaneously starting a vertical loading cylinder, a longitudinal loading cylinder 37 and a transverse loading cylinder 39; the vertical loading oil cylinder drives a power output rod 31 of the vertical loading oil cylinder to move downwards and apply vertical load to a loading disc 19 through a through hole in the middle of a guide plate 33, the loading disc 19 moves downwards along an upright post 20, and the vertical load is sequentially transmitted to a first rubber elastic element 1, a middle rotating shaft 3 and a second rubber elastic element 2 through the loading disc 19, so that a vertical loading test is carried out on the first rubber elastic element 1 and the second rubber elastic element 2 which are connected in series; the longitudinal loading cylinder 37 drives the power output rod 38 of the longitudinal loading cylinder to apply a longitudinal load to the longitudinal gusset 10 which is a gusset in the longitudinal direction, the transverse loading cylinder 39 drives the power output rod 40 of the transverse loading cylinder to apply a transverse load to the transverse gusset which is a gusset in the transverse direction, the longitudinal gusset 10 and the transverse gusset transmit the longitudinal load and the transverse load to the middle rotating shaft 3 through the connecting rod unit, specifically, the longitudinal gusset 10 transmits the longitudinal load to the middle rotating shaft 3 through the first loading rod 7 and the second loading rod 8, the transverse gusset transmits the transverse load to the middle rotating shaft 3 through the third loading rod 9, and the middle rotating shaft 3 transmits the longitudinal load and the transverse load to the first rubber elastic element 1 and the second rubber elastic element 2, so that the first rubber elastic element 1 and the second rubber elastic element 2 are subjected to vertical loading, longitudinal loading and transverse loading tests simultaneously.
Wherein, the first rubber elastic element 1 to be tested is fixedly arranged on the first station 21 between the upper fixing plate 12 and the loading disc 19, and the second rubber elastic element 2 is fixedly arranged on the second station 22 between the lower fixing plate 13 and the lower fixing disc 18, specifically: the upper part of the first rubber elastic element 1 to be tested is fixedly connected with the loading disc 19, the lower part of the first rubber elastic element 1 is fixedly connected with the upper end of the middle rotating shaft 3 and the fixed plate, the upper part of the second rubber elastic element 2 is fixedly connected with the lower end of the middle rotating shaft 3 and the lower fixed plate 13 through the limiting retainer ring 24, and the lower part of the second rubber elastic element 2 is fixedly connected with the lower fixed disc 18, so that the first rubber elastic element 1 is fixedly arranged on the first station 21, and the second rubber elastic element 2 is fixedly arranged on the second station 22; compacting the simulated bogie assembly via the shoe 27 and the locating post 34 prevents the simulated bogie assembly from rocking, specifically: the lower fixed disk 18 is placed on the upper end of the bottom bracket 27, and the positioning column 34 is pressed on the upper end of the upper fixed disk 17, so that the simulated bogie assembly is fixedly pressed through the bottom bracket 27 and the positioning column 34.
The above examples are intended to be illustrative of the invention and not limiting, and those skilled in the art, after reading the present specification, may make modifications to the embodiments of the invention as necessary without inventive contribution, but are protected by the patent laws within the scope of the appended claims.
Claims (8)
1. The device for carrying out the combined loading test on the rubber elastic element of the railway vehicle is characterized by comprising a simulated bogie assembly, wherein the simulated bogie assembly comprises a guide unit, a horizontal loading unit and a connecting rod unit, the guide unit and the horizontal loading unit are of a frame structure, and the horizontal loading unit is arranged in a frame of the guide unit; the horizontal loading unit comprises fixing plates and a middle rotating shaft (3) which is positioned between the fixing plates and is vertically arranged, the rubber elastic element is fixed between the fixing plates and the guide unit, and vertical loading force is applied to the guide unit downwards so as to vertically load the rubber elastic element; the connecting rod unit comprises a first connecting rod and a second connecting rod which are perpendicular to each other, the first connecting rod and the second connecting rod are both perpendicular to the middle rotating shaft (3) and are movably connected to the middle rotating shaft (3) through universal bearings, and the first connecting rod and the second connecting rod are used for loading the middle rotating shaft (3) so as to transversely load and longitudinally load the rubber elastic element; the first connecting rod comprises a first loading rod (7) and a second loading rod (8) which are symmetrically arranged, the second connecting rod comprises a third loading rod (9) which is arranged between the first loading rod (7) and the second loading rod (8), and the first loading rod (7), the second loading rod (8) and the third loading rod (9) are all connected to the middle rotating shaft (3) through universal bearings; one end, far away from the middle rotating shaft (3), of the first loading rod (7) and the second loading rod (8) is provided with a gusset plate, one end, far away from the middle rotating shaft (3), of the third loading rod (9) is provided with a gusset plate, and load force is applied to the first loading rod (7), the second loading rod (8) and the third loading rod (9) through the gusset plate and acts on the middle rotating shaft (3); the guide unit comprises an upper fixed disc (17) and a lower fixed disc (18), a loading disc (19) is arranged below the upper fixed disc (17), the upper fixed disc (17) and the loading disc (19) are connected above the lower fixed disc (18) through an upright post (20), and the loading disc (19) can move up and down along the upright post (20); the upper fixed disc (17), the upright post (20) and the lower fixed disc (18) form a second frame, and the horizontal loading unit is positioned in the second frame and between the loading disc (19) and the lower fixed disc (18); a first station (21) is formed between the loading disc (19) and the upper fixing plate (12) and is used for assembling the first rubber elastic element (1), a second station (22) is formed between the lower fixing disc (18) and the lower fixing plate (13) and is used for assembling the second rubber elastic element (2), and the first station (21) and the second station (22) can form a double station and simultaneously carry out loading test on the two rubber elastic elements.
2. The device for combined loading test of rubber elastic elements of railway vehicles according to claim 1, characterized in that the fixed plates comprise an upper fixed plate (12) and a lower fixed plate (13), and the middle rotating shaft (3) is connected between the upper fixed plate (12) and the lower fixed plate (13) and is positioned in the middle of the upper fixed plate (12) and the lower fixed plate (13); a plurality of support rods (14) positioned outside the middle rotating shaft (3) are uniformly arranged between the upper fixing plate (12) and the lower fixing plate (13), the upper fixing plate (12), the lower fixing plate (13) and the support rods (14) form a first frame (15), and the middle rotating shaft (3) is positioned in the vertical middle of the first frame (15).
3. Device for combined loading tests of rubber elastic elements of railway vehicles according to claim 2, characterized in that between the first loading rod (7) and the upper fixed plate (12), between the first loading rod (7) and the third loading rod (9), between the third loading rod (9) and the second loading rod (8), between the second loading rod (8) and the lower fixed plate (13) there are limit rings (16), by means of which limit rings (16) the positions of the first loading rod (7), the second loading rod (8) and the third loading rod (9) on the central rotation axis (3) are defined.
4. A device for combined loading test of a rubber elastic element of a railway vehicle according to claim 3, characterized in that one end of the middle rotating shaft (3) is provided with a limit step (23) for preventing the middle rotating shaft (3) from being shifted, the other end of the middle rotating shaft (3) is provided with a limit check ring (24) for preventing the middle rotating shaft (3) from being shifted, and the two ends of the middle rotating shaft (3) are limited through the limit step (23) and the limit check ring (24) to prevent the middle rotating shaft (3) from being shifted.
5. The device for combined loading testing of rubber elastic elements of railway vehicles according to any of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that it further comprises a frame-like simulated body assembly forming a third frame from the base (25) and the support, the simulated bogie assembly being located in the third frame; the upper end of the middle part of the base (25) is provided with a bottom bracket (27), and the simulated bogie component is arranged at the upper end of the bottom bracket (27) through a lower fixed disc (18); the bracket comprises a side supporting column (28) and an upper supporting plate (29), and a vertical loading oil cylinder (30) for vertically loading the rubber elastic element is arranged at the lower end of the upper supporting plate (29); a guide device for guiding the vertical loading oil cylinder (30) is arranged between the side support columns (28), the guide device comprises a mounting seat (32) and a guide plate (33), the guide plate (33) is fixedly connected to the side support columns (28) through the mounting seat (32), and a positioning column (34) for pressing the second frame and preventing the second frame from shaking is arranged at the lower end of the guide plate (33); the middle part of the guide plate (33) is provided with a through hole for the vertical loading oil cylinder (30) to pass through, and a power output rod (31) of the vertical loading oil cylinder can move downwards through the through hole and apply vertical load to the loading disc (19) so as to vertically load the rubber elastic element.
6. The device for combined loading test of the rubber elastic element of the railway vehicle according to claim 5, wherein the base (25) is provided with two counterforce seats, the two counterforce seats are respectively provided with a longitudinal loading unit and a transverse loading unit, the longitudinal loading unit is provided with a longitudinal loading oil cylinder (37), the transverse loading unit is provided with a transverse loading oil cylinder (39), the longitudinal loading oil cylinder (37) and the transverse loading oil cylinder (39) are mutually perpendicular, and the longitudinal loading oil cylinder (37) and the transverse loading oil cylinder (39) are both arranged perpendicularly to the middle rotating shaft (3); the power output rod (38) of the longitudinal loading oil cylinder and the power output rod (40) of the transverse loading oil cylinder apply acting force to the gusset plate to transversely load and longitudinally load the rubber elastic element; the longitudinal loading oil cylinder (37) and the transverse loading oil cylinder (39) are respectively provided with a hinge (41) which is used for enabling a power output rod (38) of the longitudinal loading oil cylinder and a power output rod (40) of the transverse loading oil cylinder to be capable of adjusting positions according to actual working conditions.
7. A method of combined loading testing of a rail vehicle rubber elastic element using the apparatus of any one of claims 5-6, comprising the steps of:
the first step: the first rubber elastic element (1) is fixedly arranged on a first station (21) between the upper fixing plate (12) and the loading disc (19), the second rubber elastic element (2) is fixedly arranged on a second station (22) between the lower fixing plate (13) and the lower fixing disc (18), and the first rubber elastic element (1) and the second rubber elastic element (2) are connected in series through the upper fixing plate (12), the lower fixing plate (13) and the middle rotating shaft (3);
and a second step of: the simulated bogie assembly is pressed tightly through the collet (27) and the positioning column (34) to prevent the simulated bogie assembly from shaking;
and a third step of: simultaneously starting a vertical loading oil cylinder, a longitudinal loading oil cylinder (37) and a transverse loading oil cylinder (39); the vertical loading oil cylinder drives a power output rod 31 of the vertical loading oil cylinder to move downwards and apply vertical load to a loading disc (19) through a through hole in the middle of a guide plate (33), the loading disc (19) moves downwards along a stand column (20), and the vertical load is sequentially transmitted to a first rubber elastic element (1), a middle rotating shaft (3) and a second rubber elastic element (2) through the loading disc (19), so that a vertical loading test is carried out on the first rubber elastic element (1) and the second rubber elastic element (2) which are connected in series; the longitudinal loading oil cylinder (37) drives the power output rod (38) of the longitudinal loading oil cylinder to apply longitudinal load to the gusset in the longitudinal direction, the transverse loading oil cylinder (39) drives the power output rod (40) of the transverse loading oil cylinder to apply transverse load to the gusset in the transverse direction, the gusset in the longitudinal direction and the gusset in the transverse direction transmit the longitudinal load and the transverse load to the middle rotating shaft (3) through the connecting rod unit, and then the middle rotating shaft (3) transmits the longitudinal load and the transverse load to the first rubber elastic element (1) and the second rubber elastic element (2), so that the first rubber elastic element (1) and the second rubber elastic element (2) are subjected to vertical loading, longitudinal loading and transverse loading tests simultaneously.
8. Method for combined loading tests of a railway vehicle rubber elastic element according to claim 7, characterized in that said first rubber elastic element (1) to be tested is fixedly placed on a first station (21) between an upper fixed plate (12) and a loading plate (19), and said second rubber elastic element (2) is fixedly placed on a second station (22) between a lower fixed plate (13) and a lower fixed plate (18), in particular: the upper part of a first rubber elastic element (1) to be tested is fixedly connected with a loading disc (19), the lower part of the first rubber elastic element (1) is fixedly connected with the upper end of a middle rotating shaft (3) and an upper fixing plate (12), the upper part of a second rubber elastic element (2) is fixedly connected with the lower end of the middle rotating shaft (3) and a lower fixing plate (13) through a limiting retainer ring (24), the lower part of the second rubber elastic element (2) is fixedly connected with a lower fixing disc (18), so that the first rubber elastic element (1) is fixedly installed on a first station (21), and the second rubber elastic element (2) is fixedly installed on a second station (22); the simulated bogie assembly is prevented from shaking by being pressed by the collet (27) and the positioning column (34), and specifically comprises: the lower fixing disc (18) is arranged at the upper end of the bottom bracket (27), and the positioning column (34) is pressed at the upper end of the upper fixing disc (17), so that the simulation bogie assembly is fixedly pressed through the bottom bracket (27) and the positioning column (34).
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