CN113684005A - High-temperature-resistant semi-coke dust suppressant and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
High-temperature-resistant semi-coke dust suppressant and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a high-temperature-resistant semi-coke dust suppressant and a preparation method thereof, wherein the dust suppressant comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 30-60% of modified starch, 1-5% of emulsifier, 20-50% of film-forming agent, 1-3% of initiator, 1-3% of borax and the balance of water; the modified starch is etherified starch with high substitution degree and is at least one of hydroxypropyl starch, carboxymethyl starch and hydroxypropyl carboxymethyl starch. The preparation method comprises the following steps: firstly, heating and dissolving a film forming agent and water under the stirring condition; cooling, adding an emulsifier, and stirring for reaction; then adding an initiator for reaction, adding modified starch for three times for constant-temperature graft copolymerization reaction, and cooling to room temperature; finally adding borax solution for cross-linking reaction. The high-temperature semi-coke dust suppressant prepared by the invention can resist the high temperature of 120 ℃, and has strong adhesiveness, good film forming property and excellent dust suppression effect; the dust suppressant does not contain environmental pollutants such as heavy metals, toxic gases and the like, does not pollute the environment, is easy to degrade, and belongs to an environment-friendly product.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of dust suppressant, and particularly relates to a high-temperature-resistant semi-coke dust suppressant and a preparation method thereof
Background
During the transportation and storage of coal, a great deal of coal particles are scattered and coal dust is blown. A large amount of coal dust exists in the environment, and can cause serious pollution to soil, water resources, atmosphere and the like. For example, when the trace elements in the coal dust enter the soil and exceed the critical value, the soil outputs pollutants to the environment, so that other environments are polluted, the composition, structure, function and the like of the soil are changed, and finally, the soil resources can be exhausted and damaged. The presence of coal dust can also be a health hazard to humans, for example: the incidence of nasopharyngitis, upper respiratory infection and the like is high for people living in a high-dust environment for a long time.
The dust suppressant is sprayed to solve the problems, and on one hand, the dust suppressant can capture, adsorb and agglomerate dust particles to tightly lock the dust particles in a net structure to play roles of wetting, bonding, condensing, absorbing moisture, preventing dust, preventing erosion and resisting scouring; on the other hand, the dust suppressant has good film forming property, and can effectively fix dust and form a protective film on the surface of the material. Therefore, the dust suppressant is widely applied to various material yards such as coal mines, coking plants, coal washery and the like, and plays a vital role in the fields of controlling dust emission and the like.
At present, although the development of dust suppressants at home and abroad has been decades of history and various types, the dust suppressants which can be applied to high-temperature resistant environment are few. For example, the semi coke needs to be dried at a temperature of about 100 ℃ to adjust the moisture index. Existing dust depressants on the market are all ineffective due to high temperature in the drying process, so that coal ash is very serious in dust raising, the health of workshop workers is greatly harmed, and the problem of dust raising in a plant area is difficult to solve.
The invention patent with publication number CN111087976A provides a dust suppressant for stacking and transporting railway coal and mineral powder and a preparation method thereof, wherein the dust suppressant comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 2-5% of composite gelling agent, 1-3% of film-forming agent, 1-3% of modified straw powder, 2-4% of bactericide, 2-4% of preservative and the balance of water. The composite gelatinizing agent and the modified straw starch are prepared and added, and the adding proportion of each component is reasonably adjusted, so that the adding amount of each component is reduced, a good dust suppression effect is achieved, and the raw material cost is reduced; however, the modifying mode of the raw material modified straw starch of the dust suppressant is pre-gelatinized starch, the heat resistance of the pre-gelatinized starch is improved compared with that of the common starch but cannot reach 100 ℃, in the preparation process of the semi-coke, some manufacturers can even dry the semi-coke in an environment of 120 ℃ in order to ensure performance parameters such as grindability of the semi-coke, the dust suppressant which cannot resist high temperature fails in the environment, and the coal dust is difficult to control; secondly, the dust suppressant also has the characteristics of high bonding strength and high toughness, and the semi-coke can greatly vibrate in the belt transportation, so that the dust suppressant with weaker strength can have the phenomenon of film damage, and further the dust suppression effect is reduced. The invention patent of the publication number CN108409874B provides a preparation method of etherified corn starch with high degree of substitution, wherein the high degree of substitution means that the degree of substitution is more than 0.2, and the prepared etherified corn starch with high degree of substitution has good heat resistance, thereby providing a new idea for preparing a high-temperature resistant semi-coke dust suppressant.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems in the background art, the invention provides a high-temperature-resistant semi-coke dust suppressant and a preparation method thereof.
The high-temperature-resistant semi-coke dust suppressant is prepared from the following components in percentage by mass: 30-60% of modified starch, 1-5% of emulsifier, 20-50% of film-forming agent, 1-3% of initiator, 1-3% of borax and the balance of water; the modified starch is etherified starch with high substitution degree.
The modified starch is at least one of hydroxypropyl starch, carboxymethyl starch and hydroxypropyl carboxymethyl starch; the film forming agent is at least one of acrylic resin, polyvinyl alcohol and water-soluble butadiene resin.
The emulsifier is at least one of sodium dodecyl sulfate, polyacrylamide and sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate.
The initiator is potassium persulfate and/or sodium persulfate.
Preferably, the modified starch is hydroxypropyl carboxymethyl starch.
Preferably, the film forming agent is polyvinyl alcohol.
Preferably, the emulsifier is sodium lauryl sulfate.
Preferably, the initiator is potassium persulfate.
The preferred technical scheme of the invention is as follows: the high-temperature resistant semi-coke dust suppressant is prepared from 50% of hydroxypropyl carboxymethyl starch, 1-5% of sodium dodecyl sulfate, 35% of polyvinyl alcohol, 1-3% of potassium persulfate, 1-3% of borax and the balance of water.
A preparation method of a high-temperature-resistant semi-coke dust suppressant comprises the following steps:
(1) pretreatment of borax: preparing borax and water into a borax solution with the concentration of 2 wt%;
(2) adding a film forming agent and water into a reaction container, and heating to above 95 ℃ under the stirring condition to completely dissolve the film forming agent and the water;
(3) cooling to 30-55 deg.C, adjusting stirring intensity, adding emulsifier, and reacting for 30 min;
(4) adding an initiator for reaction for 30min, adding modified starch for three times for constant-temperature graft copolymerization for 30min, and cooling to room temperature;
(5) adding borax solution to carry out crosslinking reaction for 30min, and obtaining the high-temperature resistant semi-coke dust suppressant after the reaction is finished.
Further, in the step (2), the stirring speed is 0-150 r/min; in the step (3), the stirring speed is 150-300 r/min.
According to the invention, high-substitution-degree etherified starch is selected as a main raw material, because the higher the substitution degree of the etherified starch is, the stronger the heat resistance of the etherified starch is, some high-substitution-degree etherified starches even have the heat resistance of 140 ℃ resistance of a single agent, and the higher the substitution degree of the etherified starch is, the lower the viscosity of the etherified starch is, the high-substitution-degree modified starch and a film-forming agent are subjected to graft copolymerization reaction in a given reaction environment, so that on one hand, the heat resistance of the etherified starch can be transferred to the film-forming agent, and on the other hand, the obtained novel high molecular compound has excellent film-forming property and adhesive property; the temperature resistance can be further improved by adding borax; in addition, the prepared dust suppressant is easier to adhere to the surface of some hydrophobic materials such as semi-coke by adding the emulsifier. Therefore, the high-temperature resistant dust suppressant prepared by the invention is a milky-white to bright white solution, and has excellent adhesiveness, high temperature resistance, film forming property and dust suppression effect. The dust suppressant is sprayed on the surface of a semi-coke sample, and a layer of compact protective film which is tightly attached can be formed on the surface of the semi-coke sample after drying, and the protective film has excellent high-temperature resistance and excellent dust suppression effect.
In particular, the performance of the high-temperature resistant semi-coke dust suppressant prepared by the formula of matching hydroxypropyl carboxymethyl starch with polyvinyl alcohol, using potassium persulfate as an initiator and using sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate as an emulsifier is optimal. The hydroxypropyl carboxymethyl starch in the raw material components has the advantages of high shearing resistance, acid and alkali resistance, good water retention property, good thermal stability and the like of the hydroxypropyl starch, and also has the advantages of high viscosity, high paste transparency, good freeze-thaw stability, strong ageing resistance, high temperature resistance, good coagulation resistance, good emulsifying property, good transparency and the like of the carboxymethyl starch, and meanwhile, the polyvinyl alcohol has excellent heat resistance, so the dust suppression effect of taking the hydroxypropyl carboxymethyl starch and the polyvinyl alcohol as the raw materials is more prominent. Meanwhile, when the proportion of the modified starch is more, the dust suppression effect of the dust suppressant is more excellent.
Compared with the prior art, the prepared high-temperature semi-coke dust suppressant can resist the high temperature of 120 ℃, and has strong adhesiveness, good film forming property and excellent dust suppression effect; the dust suppressant does not contain environmental pollutants such as heavy metals, toxic gases and the like, does not pollute the environment, is easy to degrade, and belongs to an environment-friendly product.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is an SEM image of a silicon wafer after a dust suppressant of the present invention is sprayed thereon and dried to form a film.
FIG. 2 is a comparison of a coal sample sprayed with the dust suppressant of the present invention before and after being placed in a high temperature environment of 120 ℃.
Detailed Description
The embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the embodiments are not limited to the invention, and the advantages of the invention will be understood more clearly by the description. All modifications which can be derived or suggested by a person skilled in the art from the disclosure of the present invention are to be considered within the scope of the invention. The positional relationships described in the embodiments are all the same as those shown in the drawings, and other portions not described in detail in the embodiments are all the related art.
In the following examples, borax pretreatment was performed: borax and part of water are prepared into borax solution with the concentration of 2 wt%, and then the borax solution is used in the preparation process.
Example 1
The high-temperature resistant semi-coke dust suppressant comprises the following preparation raw materials: 30g of carboxymethyl starch; 1g of sodium dodecyl sulfate; 50g of acrylic resin; 1g of potassium persulfate; 3g of borax; 15g of water.
The preparation method of the dust suppressant comprises the following steps: (1) adding acrylic resin and water into a four-mouth bottle with a stirrer, a thermometer, a reflux device and a heater, and completely dissolving the acrylic resin and the water in a stirring environment of 50 r/min; (2) adjusting the temperature to 30 ℃, and adding sodium dodecyl sulfate to react for 30min under the stirring environment of 200 r/min; (3) adding potassium persulfate to react for 30min, then evenly adding the carboxymethyl starch into the solution for three times to carry out constant-temperature graft copolymerization for 30min, and cooling to room temperature; (4) adding a borax solution with the concentration of 2% to perform a crosslinking reaction for 30min, and obtaining the high-temperature resistant semi-coke dust suppressant I after the reaction is finished.
Example 2
The high-temperature resistant semi-coke dust suppressant comprises the following preparation raw materials: 30g of hydroxypropyl starch; 1g of sodium dodecyl sulfate; 50g of acrylic resin; 1g of potassium persulfate; 3g of borax; 15g of water.
The preparation method of the dust suppressant comprises the following steps: (1) adding acrylic resin and part of water into a four-mouth bottle with a stirrer, a thermometer, a reflux device and a heater, and completely dissolving the acrylic resin and the part of water in a stirring environment of 100 r/min; (2) adjusting the temperature to 40 ℃, and adding sodium dodecyl sulfate to react for 30min under the stirring environment of 150 r/min; (3) adding potassium persulfate to react for 30min, then adding hydroxypropyl starch into the solution for three times on average to perform constant-temperature graft copolymerization for 30min, and cooling to room temperature; (4) adding a borax solution with the concentration of 2% to perform a crosslinking reaction for 30min, and obtaining the high-temperature resistant semi-coke dust suppressant II after the reaction is completed.
Example 3
The high-temperature resistant semi-coke dust suppressant comprises the following preparation raw materials: 30g of hydroxypropyl carboxymethyl starch; 1g of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate; 50g of acrylic resin; 1g of potassium persulfate; 3g of borax; 15g of water.
The preparation method of the dust suppressant comprises the following steps: (1) adding acrylic resin and water into a four-mouth bottle with a stirrer, a thermometer, a reflux device and a heater, and completely dissolving the acrylic resin and the water in a stirring environment of 120 r/min; (2) adjusting the temperature to 55 ℃, and adding sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate to react for 30min under the stirring environment of 250 r/min; (3) adding potassium persulfate to react for 30min, then evenly adding hydroxypropyl carboxymethyl starch into the solution for three times to perform constant-temperature graft copolymerization for 30min, and cooling to room temperature; (4) adding a borax solution with the concentration of 2% for crosslinking reaction for 30min, and obtaining the high-temperature resistant semi-coke dust suppressant III after the reaction is finished.
Example 4
The high-temperature resistant semi-coke dust suppressant comprises the following preparation raw materials: 40g of hydroxypropyl starch; 5g of polyacrylamide; 40g of polyvinyl alcohol; 2g of sodium persulfate; 2g of borax; 11g of water.
The preparation method of the dust suppressant comprises the following steps: (1) adding polyvinyl alcohol and water into a four-mouth bottle with a stirrer, a thermometer, a reflux device and a heater, adjusting the ambient temperature to be more than 95 ℃, and completely dissolving the polyvinyl alcohol and the water in a stirring environment of 150 r/min. (2) Adjusting the temperature to 55 ℃, and adding polyacrylamide to react for 30min under the stirring environment of 150 r/min. (3) Adding sodium persulfate to react for 30min, adding hydroxypropyl starch into the solution for three times on average to perform constant-temperature graft copolymerization for 30min, and cooling to room temperature. (4) Adding a borax solution with the concentration of 2% to perform a crosslinking reaction for 30min, and obtaining the high-temperature resistant semi-coke dust suppressant IV after the reaction is finished.
Example 5
The high-temperature resistant semi-coke dust suppressant comprises the following preparation raw materials: 30g of hydroxypropyl carboxymethyl starch; 5g of polyacrylamide; 40g of water-soluble butadiene resin; 2g of sodium persulfate; 2g of borax; 21g of water.
The preparation method of the dust suppressant comprises the following steps: (1) adding water-soluble butadiene resin and water into a four-mouth bottle with a stirrer, a thermometer, a reflux device and a heater, and completely dissolving the butadiene resin and the water in a stirring environment of 150 r/min; (2) adjusting the temperature to 55 ℃, and adding polyacrylamide to react for 30min under the stirring environment of 300 r/min; (3) adding sodium persulfate to react for 30min, then evenly adding hydroxypropyl carboxymethyl starch into the solution for three times to perform constant-temperature graft copolymerization for 30min, and cooling to room temperature; (4) adding a borax solution with the concentration of 2% to perform a crosslinking reaction for 30min, and obtaining the high-temperature resistant semi-coke dust suppressant V after the reaction is finished.
Example 6
The high-temperature resistant semi-coke dust suppressant comprises the following preparation raw materials: 60g of carboxymethyl starch; 3g of polyacrylamide; 30g of polyvinyl alcohol; 3g of sodium persulfate; 1g of borax; 23g of water.
The preparation method of the dust suppressant comprises the following steps: (1) adding polyvinyl alcohol and water into a four-mouth bottle with a stirrer, a thermometer, a reflux device and a heater, adjusting the ambient temperature to be more than 95 ℃, and completely dissolving the polyvinyl alcohol and the water in a stirring environment of 100 r/min; (2) adjusting the temperature to 55 ℃, and adding polyacrylamide to react for 30min under the stirring environment of 300 r/min; (3) adding sodium persulfate to react for 30min, then adding the carboxymethyl starch into the solution for three times on average to perform constant-temperature graft copolymerization for 30min, and cooling to room temperature; (4) adding a borax solution with the concentration of 2% to perform a crosslinking reaction for 30min, and obtaining the high-temperature resistant semi-coke dust suppressant VI after the reaction is completed.
Example 7
The high-temperature resistant semi-coke dust suppressant comprises the following preparation raw materials: 60g of a mixture of carboxymethyl starch, hydroxypropyl starch and hydroxypropyl carboxymethyl starch in a mass ratio of 1:1: 1; 3g of a mixture of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate, sodium dodecyl sulfate and polyacrylamide in a mass ratio of 2: 1; 30g of a mixture of polyvinyl alcohol, acrylic resin and water-based butadiene resin in a mass ratio of 1:1: 1; 2g of a mixture of potassium persulfate and sodium persulfate in a mass ratio of 1: 1; 1g of borax; 4g of water.
The preparation method of the dust suppressant comprises the following steps: (1) adding a mixture of polyvinyl alcohol, acrylic resin and water-based butadiene resin and water into a four-mouth bottle with a stirrer, a thermometer, a reflux device and a heater, adjusting the ambient temperature to be more than 95 ℃, and completely dissolving the mixture in a stirring environment of 120 r/min. (2) The temperature is adjusted to 55 ℃, and a mixture of sodium dodecyl sulfate and polyacrylamide is added to react for 30min under the stirring environment of 300 r/min. (3) Adding a mixture of potassium persulfate and sodium persulfate to react for 30min, adding the mixture of carboxymethyl starch, hydroxypropyl starch and hydroxypropyl carboxymethyl starch into the solution for constant-temperature graft copolymerization reaction for 30min in three times, and cooling to room temperature. (4) Adding a borax solution with the concentration of 2% for crosslinking reaction for 30min, and obtaining the high-temperature resistant semi-coke dust suppressant VII after the reaction is finished.
Example 8
The high-temperature resistant semi-coke dust suppressant comprises the following preparation raw materials: 50g of a mixture of carboxymethyl starch, hydroxypropyl starch and hydroxypropyl carboxymethyl starch in a mass ratio of 2:2: 1; 3g of a mixture of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate, sodium dodecyl sulfate and polyacrylamide in a mass ratio of 1:1: 1; 40g of a mixture of polyvinyl alcohol, acrylic resin and aqueous butadiene resin in a mass ratio of 2:1: 1; 2g of a mixture of potassium persulfate and sodium persulfate in a mass ratio of 1: 1; 1g of borax; 4g of water.
The preparation method of the dust suppressant comprises the following steps: (1) adding a mixture of polyvinyl alcohol, acrylic resin and water-based butadiene resin and water into a four-mouth bottle with a stirrer, a thermometer, a reflux device and a heater, adjusting the ambient temperature to be more than 95 ℃, and completely dissolving the mixture in a stirring environment of 150 r/min; (2) adjusting the temperature to 55 ℃, and adding a mixture of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate, sodium dodecyl sulfate and polyacrylamide for reaction for 30min under the stirring environment of 300 r/min; (3) adding a mixture of potassium persulfate and sodium persulfate to react for 30min, then adding the mixture of carboxymethyl starch, hydroxypropyl starch and hydroxypropyl carboxymethyl starch into the solution for three times on average to perform constant-temperature graft copolymerization for 30min, and cooling to room temperature; (4) adding a borax solution with the concentration of 2% to perform a crosslinking reaction for 30min, and obtaining the high-temperature resistant semi-coke dust suppressant VIII after the reaction is completed.
Example 9
The high-temperature resistant semi-coke dust suppressant comprises the following preparation raw materials: 40g of a mixture of carboxymethyl starch, hydroxypropyl starch and hydroxypropyl carboxymethyl starch in a mass ratio of 2:1: 1; 3g of a mixture of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate, sodium dodecyl sulfate and polyacrylamide in a mass ratio of 1:1: 1; 50g of a mixture of polyvinyl alcohol, acrylic resin and water-based butadiene resin in a mass ratio of 2:2: 1; 2g of a mixture of potassium persulfate and sodium persulfate in a mass ratio of 1: 1; 1g of borax; 4g of water.
The preparation method of the dust suppressant comprises the following steps: (1) adding a mixture of polyvinyl alcohol, acrylic resin and water-based butadiene resin and water into a four-mouth bottle with a stirrer, a thermometer, a reflux device and a heater, adjusting the ambient temperature to be more than 95 ℃, and completely dissolving the mixture in a stirring environment of 120 r/min; (2) adjusting the temperature to 55 ℃, and adding a mixture of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate, sodium dodecyl sulfate and polyacrylamide for reaction for 30min under the stirring environment of 250 r/min. (3) Adding a mixture of potassium persulfate and sodium persulfate to react for 30min, then adding the mixture of carboxymethyl starch, hydroxypropyl starch and hydroxypropyl carboxymethyl starch into the solution for three times on average to perform constant-temperature graft copolymerization for 30min, and cooling to room temperature; (4) adding borax solution with the concentration of 2% to perform crosslinking reaction for 30min, and obtaining the high-temperature resistant semi-coke dust suppressant IX after the reaction is finished.
Example 10
The high-temperature resistant semi-coke dust suppressant comprises the following preparation raw materials: 60g of hydroxypropyl carboxymethyl starch; 2g of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate; 30g of polyvinyl alcohol; 1g of sodium persulfate; 1g of borax; 6g of water.
The preparation method of the dust suppressant comprises the following steps: (1) adding polyvinyl alcohol and water into a four-mouth bottle with a stirrer, a thermometer, a reflux device and a heater, adjusting the ambient temperature to be more than 95 ℃, and completely dissolving the polyvinyl alcohol and the water in a stirring environment of 150 r/min. (2) Adjusting the temperature to 55 ℃, and adding sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate to react for 30min under the stirring environment of 250 r/min; (3) adding sodium persulfate to react for 30min, then evenly adding hydroxypropyl carboxymethyl starch into the solution for three times to perform constant-temperature graft copolymerization for 30min, and cooling to room temperature; (4) adding a borax solution with the concentration of 2% to perform a crosslinking reaction for 30min, and obtaining the high-temperature-resistant semi-coke dust suppressant X after the reaction is completed.
Example 11
The high-temperature resistant semi-coke dust suppressant comprises the following preparation raw materials: 50g of hydroxypropyl carboxymethyl starch; 2g of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate; 35g of polyvinyl alcohol; 1g of potassium persulfate; 1g of borax; 10g of water.
The preparation method of the dust suppressant comprises the following steps: (1) adding polyvinyl alcohol and water into a four-mouth bottle with a stirrer, a thermometer, a reflux device and a heater, adjusting the ambient temperature to be more than 95 ℃, and completely dissolving the polyvinyl alcohol and the water in a stirring environment of 150 r/min; (2) adjusting the temperature to 55 ℃, and adding sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate to react for 30min under the stirring environment of 300 r/min; (3) adding potassium persulfate to react for 30min, then evenly adding hydroxypropyl carboxymethyl starch into the solution for three times to perform constant-temperature graft copolymerization for 30min, and cooling to room temperature; (4) adding a borax solution with the concentration of 2% for crosslinking reaction for 30min, and obtaining the high-temperature-resistant semi-coke dust suppressant XI after the reaction is finished.
When the high-temperature-resistant semi-coke dust suppressant is used, the dust suppressant is uniformly sprayed onto the semi-coke by using a spraying device.
The high-temperature-resistant semi-coke dust suppressant XI prepared in example 11 is sprayed on a silicon wafer to be dried into a film, and fig. 1 shows an SEM image of the dust suppressant sprayed on the silicon wafer to be dried into a film, wherein the SEM image clearly shows that the dust suppressant forms a very compact film after being dried on the surface of the silicon wafer, so that the high-temperature-resistant semi-coke dust suppressant sprayed on the surface of a coal sample can not only bind coal ash, but also form a similar film on the surface of the coal sample, and thus an excellent dust suppression effect is achieved.
The high-temperature-resistant semi-coke dust suppressant XI prepared in example 11 is sprayed on a semi-coke sample, and fig. 2 shows a comparison graph of the semi-coke sprayed with the high-temperature-resistant semi-coke dust suppressant before and after the semi-coke sample is at a high temperature of 120 ℃, so that it is obvious that the dust suppressant is well preserved in a high-temperature environment, and extremely fine small cracks appear on the surface of the semi-coke subjected to the high temperature of 120 ℃, because the interior of the semi-coke is subjected to fine deformation due to uneven heating after the semi-coke is at the high temperature of 120 ℃.
According to TB/T3210 part 1 of technical conditions of dust suppressant for railway semi-coke transportation: the dust suppressant "stipulates that the high temperature resistant semi-coke dust suppressant prepared in examples 1 to 11 is uniformly sprayed on a semi-coke coal sample, the semi-coke coal sample is respectively placed into a drying oven with the temperature of 60 ℃, 100 ℃ and 120 ℃, the semi-coke coal sample is taken out after two hours, the thickness of a cured layer of the semi-coke coal sample is firstly measured, then the dust suppression performance is examined, data are measured, and the wind erosion rate is calculated, and the test results are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 dust suppressant Performance test results
Remarking: the method for measuring the thickness of the solidified layer of the semi-coke coal sample comprises the following steps: and (4) randomly taking 4 parts of the semi-coke coal sample, measuring the thickness of the semi-coke coal sample before and after the semi-coke coal sample is sprayed with the dust suppressant by using a graduated scale, and taking the average value of the difference values as the thickness of the cured layer.
The method for measuring and calculating the wind erosion rate comprises the following steps: selecting a semi-coke coal sample of 10-30 meshes, drying for 300min in an oven at 50 ℃, and removing water; placing a proper amount of semi-coke coal sample in a tray, making the surface of the coal layer level with the tray, weighing, wherein semi-coke coal before blowingThe mass of the sample is w1. Spraying dust suppressant on a semi-coke coal sample in a tray in proportion, respectively drying for 120min at 60 ℃, 100 ℃ and 120 ℃ in an oven, then putting the semi-coke coal sample into a wind tunnel, carrying out erosion blowing for 5min under the condition that the surface wind speed of a coal bed is 30m/s, then weighing, wherein the mass of the semi-coke coal sample after erosion blowing is w2(ii) a And then calculating the wind erosion rate of the semi-coke coal sample according to the following formula:
in the formula: e is the wind erosion rate of the semi-coke coal sample; w is a1The mass of the semi-coke coal sample before the blow-etching; w is a2The quality of the semi-coke coal sample after the blowing erosion. Two groups of trays for placing the semi-coke coal samples can be taken for testing, and the average value of the test results of the wind erosion rate of the semi-coke coal samples is taken.
The test results in table 1 show that the dust suppressant still exhibits excellent high temperature resistance and excellent dust suppression effect in the wind erosion test, and the high temperature resistant dust suppressant can resist the high temperature of 120 ℃ at most.
The test results of the examples show that the high-temperature resistant semi-coke dust suppressant prepared by the formula of matching hydroxypropyl carboxymethyl starch with polyvinyl alcohol, using potassium persulfate as an initiator and using sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate as an emulsifier has the best performance. The hydroxypropyl carboxymethyl starch in the raw material components has the advantages of high shearing resistance, acid and alkali resistance, good water retention property, good thermal stability and the like of the hydroxypropyl starch, and also has the advantages of high viscosity, high paste transparency, good freeze-thaw stability, strong ageing resistance, high temperature resistance, good coagulation resistance, good emulsifying property, good transparency and the like of the carboxymethyl starch, and meanwhile, the polyvinyl alcohol has excellent heat resistance, so the dust suppression effect of taking the hydroxypropyl carboxymethyl starch and the polyvinyl alcohol as the raw materials is more prominent. Meanwhile, the modified starch accounts for more examples, the dust suppression effect is more excellent, and the modified starch plays a more important role in the composition of the dust suppressant. It can be seen from the test results of the examples that the thicker the cured layer thickness, the better the weathering resistance of the dust suppressant tends to be.
The preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific examples, however, the present invention is not limited to the specific details of the above embodiments, and various simple modifications can be made to the technical solution of the present invention within the technical idea of the present invention, and these simple modifications are within the protective scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The high-temperature-resistant semi-coke dust suppressant is characterized by being prepared from the following components in percentage by mass: 30-60% of modified starch, 1-5% of emulsifier, 20-50% of film-forming agent, 1-3% of initiator, 1-3% of borax and the balance of water; the modified starch is etherified starch with high substitution degree.
2. The high-temperature-resistant semi-coke dust suppressant according to claim 1, wherein: the modified starch is at least one of hydroxypropyl starch, carboxymethyl starch and hydroxypropyl carboxymethyl starch; the film forming agent is at least one of acrylic resin, polyvinyl alcohol and water-soluble butadiene resin.
3. The high-temperature-resistant semi-coke dust suppressant according to claim 2, wherein: the emulsifier is at least one of sodium dodecyl sulfate, polyacrylamide and sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate.
4. The high-temperature-resistant semi-coke dust suppressant according to claim 3, wherein: the initiator is potassium persulfate and/or sodium persulfate.
5. The high-temperature-resistant semi-coke dust suppressant according to claim 4, wherein: the modified starch is hydroxypropyl carboxymethyl starch.
6. The high-temperature-resistant semi-coke dust suppressant according to claim 5, wherein: the film forming agent is polyvinyl alcohol.
7. The high-temperature-resistant semi-coke dust suppressant according to claim 6, wherein: the emulsifier is sodium dodecyl sulfate.
8. The high-temperature-resistant semi-coke dust suppressant according to claim 7, wherein: the initiator is potassium persulfate.
9. The preparation method of the high-temperature-resistant semi-coke dust suppressant according to any one of claims 1-8, characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) pretreatment of borax: preparing borax and water into a borax solution with the concentration of 2 wt%;
(2) adding a film forming agent and water into a reaction container, and heating to above 95 ℃ under the stirring condition to completely dissolve the film forming agent and the water;
(3) cooling to 30-55 deg.C, adjusting stirring intensity, adding emulsifier, and reacting for 30 min;
(4) adding an initiator for reaction for 30min, adding modified starch for three times for constant-temperature graft copolymerization for 30min, and cooling to room temperature;
(5) adding borax solution to carry out crosslinking reaction for 30min, and obtaining the high-temperature resistant semi-coke dust suppressant after the reaction is finished.
10. The high-temperature-resistant semi-coke dust suppressant according to claim 9, wherein: in the step (2), the stirring speed is 0-150 r/min; in the step (3), the stirring speed is 150-300 r/min.
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