CN113683803A - 一种可降解pla覆盖地膜的生产工艺 - Google Patents
一种可降解pla覆盖地膜的生产工艺 Download PDFInfo
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- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 36
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 9
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种可降解PLA覆盖地膜的生产工艺,包括步骤:原料配制、加热混料、挤出成型、热烘拉伸、电晕处理、收卷成膜、检验,最后进行分切包装,制备得到的PLA可降解地膜的内部添加有多种成核剂改性材料,通过改性材料对聚乳酸薄膜进行改性,使聚乳酸薄膜具有良好的耐热性和物理性能,提高聚乳酸薄膜的使用效果;通过增塑剂可以改善聚乳酸薄膜的加工和力学性能,提升聚乳酸薄膜的韧性和抗冲击性,同时聚乳酸薄膜内部还混合有无机填料,通过无机填料增加聚乳酸薄膜的抗冲击强度,同时可以将聚乳酸薄膜的成本。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及农业用膜生产技术领域,具体是一种可降解PLA覆盖地膜的生产工艺。
背景技术
在农业生产中用农用地膜覆盖不仅具有保肥、防虫抑草等功能,还可以保持土壤水分、提高水分利用率,同时改善农作物生长环境,提高农作物产量及农业效益。农用地膜已经成为农业生产中继化肥、农药后的第三大农资材料,农用地膜自应用以来产生了巨大的经济效益和社会效益,它可以使农作物的产量提高20-50%,极大地促进了我国农业的发展。
聚乳酸(PLA)是一种新型的生物降解材料,使用可再生的植物资源(如玉米)所提出的淀粉原料制成。淀粉原料经由糖化得到葡萄糖,再由葡萄糖及一定的菌种发酵制成高纯度的乳酸,再通过化学合成方法合成一定分子量的聚乳酸。其具有良好的生物可降解性,使用后能被自然界中微生物完全降解,最终生成二氧化碳和水,不污染环境,这对保护环境非常有利,是公认的环境友好材料。普通塑料的处理方法依然是焚烧火化,造成大量温室气体排入空气中,而聚乳酸塑料则是掩埋在土壤里降解,产生的二氧化碳直接进入土壤有机质或被植物吸收,不会排入空气中,不会造成温室效应。
但在大量使用农用地膜后所产生的废弃膜对农业生态环境造成的白色污染问题也随之日益严重,废弃农用地膜一般很难回收,而其残留积累会造成土壤结构破坏、板结,土壤透气性变差,影响耕种,且现在市面上的农用地膜只能通过物理隔断来放置外来的病虫害,而无法从地膜内部解决该问题,因此,需要一种可降解PLA覆盖地膜的生产工艺。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种可降解PLA覆盖地膜的生产工艺,以解决上述背景技术中提出的问题。
为实现上述目的,本发明提供如下技术方案:
一种可降解PLA覆盖地膜的生产工艺,包括以下步骤:
S1:通过原料定量筛分机构和配料添加机构配备如下重量份数的原料:聚乳酸100-120份、润滑剂1-2份、成核剂0.5-1份、增塑剂2-3份,无机填料5-10份,熔融强度加强剂0.1-0.5份、耐水解剂0.05-0.1份;
S2:将步骤S1中的原料导入物料混合罐体内进行加热搅拌;
S3:混合罐体内加热混合后的物料经过热流道流动到挤出机构,物料挤出机构通过挤出流延机进行膜成型;
S4:将膜成型后的物料牵引进入拉伸烘箱,然后在拉伸烘箱内分别进行横向和纵向双向拉伸;
S5:将步骤S4中所得的复合膜进行电晕处理、收卷成膜、检验,最后进行分切包装。
作为本发明进一步的方案:所述增塑剂采用非邻苯二甲酸酯类增塑剂。
作为本发明进一步的方案:所述熔融强度加强剂采用丙烯酸类共聚物。
作为本发明进一步的方案:所述无机填料主要是蒙脱土、碳酸钙和羧基磷灰石中的一组或者多组作为无机填料。
作为本发明进一步的方案:所述聚乳酸采用非晶质聚乳酸树脂。
作为本发明进一步的方案:所述步骤S2中的物料加热温度为150-200°C,加热时间为30-60min。
作为本发明进一步的方案:所述步骤S4中拉伸烘箱的热烘温度为30-50°C,热烘时间为1-2H。
作为本发明进一步的方案:所述润滑剂采用高级脂肪酸。
与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果是:本发明制备得到的PLA可降解地膜的内部添加有多种成核剂改性材料,通过改性材料对聚乳酸薄膜进行改性,使聚乳酸薄膜具有良好的耐热性和物理性能,提高聚乳酸薄膜的使用效果;PLA可降解地膜的内部添加有增塑剂,通过增塑剂可以改善聚乳酸薄膜的加工和力学性能,提升聚乳酸薄膜的韧性和抗冲击性,同时聚乳酸薄膜内部还混合有无机填料,通过无机填料增加聚乳酸薄膜的抗冲击强度,同时可以将聚乳酸薄膜的成本;制备得到的PLA地膜在具有良好撕裂强度、断裂拉伸强度、断裂伸长率等物理机械性能的基础上,光泽度也达到标准,且大部分的材料可以被生物完全降解,属于环境友好型生物膜,易实现大规模生产。
具体实施方式
下面对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
实施例一:
一种可降解PLA覆盖地膜的生产工艺,包括以下步骤:
S1:通过原料定量筛分机构和配料添加机构配备如下重量份数的原料:聚乳酸100份、润滑剂1份、成核剂0.5份、增塑剂2份,无机填料5份,熔融强度加强剂0.1份、耐水解剂0.05份;
S2:将步骤S1中的原料导入物料混合罐体内进行加热搅拌;
S3:混合罐体内加热混合后的物料经过热流道流动到挤出机构,物料挤出机构通过挤出流延机进行膜成型;
S4:将膜成型后的物料牵引进入拉伸烘箱,然后在拉伸烘箱内分别进行横向和纵向双向拉伸;
S5:将步骤S4中所得的复合膜进行电晕处理、收卷成膜、检验,最后进行分切包装。
其中,所述增塑剂采用非邻苯二甲酸酯类增塑剂,所述熔融强度加强剂采用丙烯酸类共聚物,所述无机填料主要是蒙脱土、碳酸钙和羧基磷灰石中的一组或者多组作为无机填料,所述聚乳酸采用非晶质聚乳酸树脂,所述步骤S2中的物料加热温度为150°C,加热时间为30min,所述步骤S4中拉伸烘箱的热烘温度为30°C,热烘时间为1H,所述润滑剂采用高级脂肪酸。
实施例二:
一种可降解PLA覆盖地膜的生产工艺,包括以下步骤:
S1:通过原料定量筛分机构和配料添加机构配备如下重量份数的原料:聚乳酸120份、润滑剂2份、成核剂1份、增塑剂3份,无机填料10份,熔融强度加强剂0.5份、耐水解剂0.1份;
S2:将步骤S1中的原料导入物料混合罐体内进行加热搅拌;
S3:混合罐体内加热混合后的物料经过热流道流动到挤出机构,物料挤出机构通过挤出流延机进行膜成型;
S4:将膜成型后的物料牵引进入拉伸烘箱,然后在拉伸烘箱内分别进行横向和纵向双向拉伸;
S5:将步骤S4中所得的复合膜进行电晕处理、收卷成膜、检验,最后进行分切包装。
其中,所述增塑剂采用非邻苯二甲酸酯类增塑剂,所述熔融强度加强剂采用丙烯酸类共聚物,所述无机填料主要是蒙脱土、碳酸钙和羧基磷灰石中的一组或者多组作为无机填料,所述聚乳酸采用非晶质聚乳酸树脂,所述步骤S2中的物料加热温度为200°C,加热时间为60min,所述步骤S4中拉伸烘箱的热烘温度为50°C,热烘时间为2H,所述润滑剂采用高级脂肪酸。
实施例三:
一种可降解PLA覆盖地膜的生产工艺,包括以下步骤:
S1:通过原料定量筛分机构和配料添加机构配备如下重量份数的原料:聚乳酸110份、润滑剂1.5份、成核剂0.8份、增塑剂2.5份,无机填料8份,熔融强度加强剂0.3份、耐水解剂0.08份;
S2:将步骤S1中的原料导入物料混合罐体内进行加热搅拌;
S3:混合罐体内加热混合后的物料经过热流道流动到挤出机构,物料挤出机构通过挤出流延机进行膜成型;
S4:将膜成型后的物料牵引进入拉伸烘箱,然后在拉伸烘箱内分别进行横向和纵向双向拉伸;
S5:将步骤S4中所得的复合膜进行电晕处理、收卷成膜、检验,最后进行分切包装。
其中,所述增塑剂采用非邻苯二甲酸酯类增塑剂,所述熔融强度加强剂采用丙烯酸类共聚物,所述无机填料主要是蒙脱土、碳酸钙和羧基磷灰石中的一组或者多组作为无机填料,所述聚乳酸采用非晶质聚乳酸树脂,所述步骤S2中的物料加热温度为180°C,加热时间为50min,所述步骤S4中拉伸烘箱的热烘温度为40°C,热烘时间为1.5H,所述润滑剂采用高级脂肪酸。
本发明制备得到的PLA可降解地膜的内部添加有多种成核剂改性材料,通过改性材料对聚乳酸薄膜进行改性,使聚乳酸薄膜具有良好的耐热性和物理性能,提高聚乳酸薄膜的使用效果;
PLA可降解地膜的内部添加有增塑剂,通过增塑剂可以改善聚乳酸薄膜的加工和力学性能,提升聚乳酸薄膜的韧性和抗冲击性,同时聚乳酸薄膜内部还混合有无机填料,通过无机填料增加聚乳酸薄膜的抗冲击强度,同时可以将聚乳酸薄膜的成本。
取实施例一、实施例二和实施例三制备得到的PLA地膜的厚度、光泽度、断裂拉伸强度和断裂伸长率进行检测,检测数据如下:
序号 | 厚度 | 光泽度45°/% | 断裂拉伸强度(Mpa) | 断裂伸长率/% |
实施例一 | 5 | 85 | 41 | 110% |
实施例二 | 8 | 83 | 45 | 130% |
实施例三 | 6 | 88 | 43 | 120% |
由以上数据可知,本发明所制备得到的PLA地膜在具有良好撕裂强度、断裂拉伸强度、断裂伸长率等物理机械性能的基础上,光泽度也达到标准,且大部分的材料可以被生物完全降解,属于环境友好型生物膜,易实现大规模生产。
对于本领域技术人员而言,显然本发明不限于上述示范性实施例的细节,而且在不背离本发明的精神或基本特征的情况下,能够以其他的具体形式实现本发明。因此,无论从哪一点来看,均应将实施例看作是示范性的,而且是非限制性的,本发明的范围由所附权利要求而不是上述说明限定,因此旨在将落在权利要求的等同要件的含义和范围内的所有变化囊括在本发明内。
Claims (8)
1.一种可降解PLA覆盖地膜的生产工艺,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
S1:通过原料定量筛分机构和配料添加机构配备如下重量份数的原料:聚乳酸100-120份、润滑剂1-2份、成核剂0.5-1份、增塑剂2-3份,无机填料5-10份,熔融强度加强剂0.1-0.5份、耐水解剂0.05-0.1份;
S2:将步骤S1中的原料导入物料混合罐体内进行加热搅拌;
S3:混合罐体内加热混合后的物料经过热流道流动到挤出机构,物料挤出机构通过挤出流延机进行膜成型;
S4:将膜成型后的物料牵引进入拉伸烘箱,然后在拉伸烘箱内分别进行横向和纵向双向拉伸;
S5:将步骤S4中所得的复合膜进行电晕处理、收卷成膜、检验,最后进行分切包装。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种可降解PLA覆盖地膜的生产工艺,其特征在于,所述增塑剂采用非邻苯二甲酸酯类增塑剂。
3.根据权利要求2所述的一种可降解PLA覆盖地膜的生产工艺,其特征在于,所述熔融强度加强剂采用丙烯酸类共聚物。
4.根据权利要求3所述的一种可降解PLA覆盖地膜的生产工艺,其特征在于,所述无机填料主要是蒙脱土、碳酸钙和羧基磷灰石中的一组或者多组作为无机填料。
5.根据权利要求4所述的一种可降解PLA覆盖地膜的生产工艺,其特征在于,所述聚乳酸采用非晶质聚乳酸树脂。
6.根据权利要求5所述的一种可降解PLA覆盖地膜的生产工艺,其特征在于,所述步骤S2中的物料加热温度为150-200°C,加热时间为30-60min。
7.根据权利要求6所述的一种可降解PLA覆盖地膜的生产工艺,其特征在于,所述步骤S4中拉伸烘箱的热烘温度为30-50°C,热烘时间为1-2H。
8.根据权利要求7所述的一种可降解PLA覆盖地膜的生产工艺,其特征在于,所述润滑剂采用高级脂肪酸。
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