CN113680809A - Heavy metal polluted farmland hyperstable mineralized soil restoration material and application method thereof - Google Patents
Heavy metal polluted farmland hyperstable mineralized soil restoration material and application method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN113680809A CN113680809A CN202110937681.4A CN202110937681A CN113680809A CN 113680809 A CN113680809 A CN 113680809A CN 202110937681 A CN202110937681 A CN 202110937681A CN 113680809 A CN113680809 A CN 113680809A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C—RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C1/00—Reclamation of contaminated soil
- B09C1/08—Reclamation of contaminated soil chemically
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K17/00—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials
- C09K17/02—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials containing inorganic compounds only
- C09K17/08—Aluminium compounds, e.g. aluminium hydroxide
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C—RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C2101/00—In situ
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K2109/00—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE pH regulation
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Abstract
The invention relates to a heavy metal polluted farmland hyperstable mineralized soil restoration material and a using method thereof, wherein the using method comprises the following steps: 1) taking a soil sample in a farmland to be restored and detecting the pollution degree of the soil sample; 2) digging a furrow; 3) uniformly spreading the soil conditioner on the furrows by using a soil conditioner spreading and spraying integrated machine; 4) burying and floating the furrows, and irrigating to ensure that the water content of the soil is 20-25%; 5) and (5) realizing the restoration of the heavy metal contaminated soil after 10-15 days. The invention contains limestone, gypsum ore, bauxite, medical stone and biochar, wherein the medical stone is suitable for restoring heavy metal polluted soil with acidity, faintly acid and alkalescence, the biochar is used for adsorbing and passivating heavy metals, can also improve the soil structure and improve the soil porosity and oxygen content, and can keep the heavy metal content in the soil to be in line with the soil environment quality standard for more than 5 years only by once use, thereby reducing the maintenance cost and improving the maintenance effect.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of heavy metal pollution, in particular to a hyperstable mineralized soil restoration material for a heavy metal polluted farmland and a using method thereof.
Background
The heavy metal pollution of the soil refers to the phenomenon that the quality of the ecological environment is deteriorated due to the fact that the content of trace heavy metal elements in the soil exceeds a background value due to human activities, and the heavy metal pollution in the soil has the characteristics of concealment, hysteresis, long-term property, irreversibility and the like.
From the pollution type, the inorganic type is taken as the main type, the organic type is taken as the secondary type, the specific gravity of the composite type pollution is small, and the number of the superscript points of 8 inorganic pollutants such as cadmium, mercury, arsenic, copper, lead, chromium, zinc, nickel and the like accounts for 82.8 percent of the total superscript points.
The method aims at the problem that calcium hydroxide or an acid soil conditioner prepared from the calcium hydroxide is only applicable to acid soil and is used for improving the pH value of the soil, the activity of cadmium is reduced after the pH value of the soil is improved, but the activity of arsenic is enhanced, the method has low stability of the repairing technology, the calcium hydroxide is used once every season, and the repairing cost is high. Therefore, it is highly desirable to develop a repair material capable of simultaneously passivating a plurality of heavy metal ions.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a hyperstable mineralized soil restoration material for a heavy metal contaminated farmland and a using method thereof, and solves the problems that the restoration technology is low in stability and can only be maintained for one season, so that the soil restoration input cost is high, and the arsenic heavy metal activity is enhanced because the existing soil conditioner can only condition acid soil by increasing the pH value.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows: the super-stable mineralized soil restoration material for the heavy metal polluted farmland has the innovation points that: comprises limestone, gypsum ore, bauxite, medical stone and biological carbon, and the mass ratio is as follows: 16-18 parts of limestone, 12-15 parts of gypsum ore, 12-15 parts of bauxite, 4-5 parts of medical stone and 8-10 parts of biological carbon, wherein the biological carbon comprises sawdust and straw, and SiO in the medical stone2Not less thanAt 50% of Al2O3The content of the calcium is not less than 13%, the content of the calcium in the limestone is not less than 50%, the content of the silicon is not less than 4%, the content of the aluminum is not less than 1.21%, the content of the iron is not more than 0.5%, the content of the calcium in the gypsum ore is not less than 31%, and the content of the Al (OH) in the bauxite3With SiO2Is greater than 1.5, and Al (OH)3The content of (A) is not less than 81.5%, and the preparation method comprises:
1) calcining limestone at the high temperature of 1000 ℃ through 800-plus materials to prepare calcium oxide, calcining bauxite at the high temperature of 900 ℃ through 800-plus materials to prepare aluminum hydroxide, grinding and screening gypsum ore to prepare calcium sulfate, ball-milling the calcium oxide, the aluminum hydroxide, the calcium sulfate and medical stone and sieving the ball-milled materials through a 150-mesh sieve to obtain calcium oxide powder, aluminum hydroxide powder, calcium sulfate powder and medical stone powder, wherein the effective content of the calcium oxide powder, the aluminum hydroxide powder, the calcium sulfate powder and the medical stone powder is more than 95%, and the heavy metal content meets the limit requirement of toxic and harmful substances in GB38400-2019 fertilizer;
2) drying, grinding and thermally cracking the biochar to prepare biochar;
3) calcium oxide powder, aluminum hydroxide powder and deionized water are mixed according to the mass ratio of 4: 18: 18, putting into a blending kettle, fully stirring and mixing, pumping into a nucleation kettle, stirring, heating to 90-130 ℃, and keeping for 8 hours;
4) pumping the mixed solution obtained in the step 3 into a crystallization kettle, keeping the temperature at 100 ℃ and 110 ℃, adjusting the stirring speed to 600 ℃ and 800 revolutions per minute to form high-shear liquid, quickly adding the calcium sulfate powder, and keeping the temperature for 8 hours;
5) pumping the mixed solution prepared in the step (4) into a mixing kettle, adding medical stone, stirring, and naturally cooling to 30-40 ℃;
6) pumping the mixed solution prepared in the step 5 into a filter press for filter pressing to prepare a filter cake with the water content of 35-45%;
7) and (3) putting the filter cake obtained in the step (6) and the biochar obtained in the step (2) into a flash evaporation dryer to obtain a finished product with the water content of 10-15%, namely the heavy metal polluted farmland hyperstable mineralized soil restoration material.
The application method of the heavy metal polluted farmland hyperstable mineralized soil restoration material has the innovation points that: the method comprises the following steps:
1) taking a soil sample in a farmland to be restored, and detecting the pollution degree of the soil sample;
2) cleaning and loosening sundries in soil in a farmland to be restored, and then digging furrows in the farmland, wherein the interval between every two adjacent furrows is 30-40 cm;
3) according to the detection result of the first step, adding the heavy metal polluted farmland hyperstable mineralized soil restoration material according to the proportion of 100-300 kilograms of the restoration material to each mu of heavy metal polluted soil, and uniformly spreading the heavy metal polluted farmland hyperstable mineralized soil restoration material in the ridge ditch of the second step by utilizing a soil conditioner spreading and spraying integrated machine;
4) uniformly mixing surface soil with the depth of 20cm in the furrow in the third step, and irrigating the surface soil to ensure that the water content of the soil is 20-25%, wherein the heavy metal polluted farmland hyperstable mineralized soil remediation material fully reacts with heavy metals in the soil;
5) and after 10-15 days, carrying out secondary soil sampling on the soil obtained in the fourth step, and detecting that the heavy metal in the soil is passivated and loses the biological effectiveness of the heavy metal, thereby realizing the remediation of the heavy metal contaminated soil.
Furthermore, the heavy metal polluted farmland hyperstable mineralized soil restoration material is added into each mu of heavy metal polluted soil according to the proportion of 200kg of the restoration material, and the amount of the restoration material is increased or decreased according to the actual situation.
Further, a soil conditioner spreads fertilizer, spraying all-in-one, including shape running gear and frame, the frame is fixed on the shape running gear, still includes a crushed aggregates mechanism, crushed aggregates mechanism sets up in the frame, including a material passageway, a material auger and a motor, pass the hollow cylinder structure that the material passageway set up for a level, pass top one side of material passageway and seted up and pass the material entry, pass the material passageway the bottom keep away from the one side of passing the material entry and set up adjacent first material export and second and pass the material export, and pass the material entry and first, two pass the material export all with pass the inside intercommunication of material passageway, pass to set up on the circular face that the material passageway is close to and passes the material export with pass the inside drive mouth that communicates of material passageway, pass the material auger level setting inside passing the material passageway, and the output of motor passes the drive mouth extend to pass the material passageway inside and be connected with the one end of passing the material auger, an adjusting plate is further arranged on the inner wall of the material conveying channel and close to the first and second material conveying outlets, and the adjusting plate is of an arc structure attached to the inner wall of the material conveying channel;
the storage box is horizontally fixed above the crushing mechanism, the storage box is arranged in a hollow mode, a vertical partition plate is fixed inside the storage box and divides the inside of the storage box into two chambers which are not communicated with each other, namely a storage chamber and a water storage chamber, the top of the storage box is positioned above the storage chamber and is covered and connected with a first box cover, the top of the storage box is positioned above the water storage chamber and is fixedly sealed with a second box cover, the bottom of the storage box is positioned below the storage chamber and is provided with a discharge port, the discharge port is communicated with the storage chamber, and the bottom of the storage box is positioned below the water storage chamber and is provided with a liquid outlet communicated with the water storage chamber;
the discharge hole is connected with the material conveying inlet through a connecting pipeline;
the first material conveying outlet is connected with a spreading pipeline which is of an obtuse angle structure, and the spreading plate is obliquely fixed at the outlet of the spreading pipeline and is obliquely arranged at the position below the front part of the walking mechanism;
the stirring mechanism comprises a stirring barrel, a first material conveying outlet and a second material conveying outlet, wherein the stirring barrel is arranged on the rack and is positioned at one side of the crushing mechanism, a liquid inlet is formed in the stirring barrel, the liquid inlet is connected with the liquid outlet through a water outlet pipe, a material inlet is also formed in the stirring barrel, the material inlet is connected with the first material conveying outlet through a spraying pipeline, a mixed material discharging port is also formed in the stirring barrel, and a mixed material discharging pipe is arranged at the mixed material discharging port;
the spraying mechanism is arranged at the front position of the travelling mechanism on the frame and comprises a liquid pump, a hose and a spray head, the hose is connected with the mixing discharge pipe through the liquid pump, and the spray head is arranged at one end, far away from the liquid pump, of the hose.
Further, the inside stirring rake that is equipped with of agitator is equipped with agitator motor on the agitator, the stirring rake with agitator motor connects, through the rotatory stirring of agitator motor drive stirring rake.
Further, running gear includes mount pad, connecting axle and walking wheel, the mount pad is by a horizontal pole and two montants fixed inversion spill structure of forming, link up on one side that the horizontal pole was kept away from to two montants of mount pad and has seted up rotatory hole, the walking wheel that appears sets up between two montants, and the center department of walking wheel is equipped with the bearing, the connecting axle passes through the screw thread fixation behind rotatory hole and the bearing, is convenient for fix the frame on the mount pad, guarantees stable in structure.
Furthermore, a plurality of bulges are staggered on the spreading plate, and the width of the spreading plate from the direction close to the material conveying channel to the direction close to the ground is gradually increased, so that the uniform spreading is facilitated.
The invention has the advantages that:
1) the invention relates to a hyperstable mineralized soil restoration material for heavy metal contaminated farmland, which adopts full-automatic treatment and comprises limestone, gypsum ore, bauxite, medical stone and biochar, wherein the medical stone makes the invention suitable for restoring acidic and weakly acidic heavy metal contaminated soil and weakly alkaline heavy metal contaminated soil, the limestone, gypsum ore and bauxite are used for carrying out effective chemical reaction on heavy metal in soil to form stable heavy metal products and improve the restoration effect of soil, the biochar is used for adsorbing and passivating heavy metal, can also improve the soil structure and the soil porosity and oxygen content, and only needs to be used once to synchronously passivate various heavy metal ions, can keep the heavy metal content in soil to be in line with the soil environment quality standard for more than 5 years, reduce the maintenance cost and improve the maintenance effect, when the restoration material used in heavy metal contaminated soil per mu is 200kg, the soil has the best repairing effect;
2) before the heavy metal polluted farmland hyperstable mineralized soil restoration material is applied in a scattering mode, sundries in the farmland to be restored are cleaned and loosened, then ridge ditches with the interval of 30-40 cm are dug in the farmland, and the optimal effect of the heavy metal polluted farmland hyperstable mineralized soil restoration material is guaranteed to be exerted in the later period.
3) The invention relates to a soil conditioner spreading and spraying integrated machine, wherein solid medicines and water are respectively stored in a storage chamber and a water storage chamber in a storage box, when solid medicines are needed, an adjusting plate is adjusted until a first material conveying outlet is completely exposed, a second material conveying outlet is completely shielded, the medicines in the storage chamber are ground by a crushing mechanism and then uniformly spread by a spreading plate, and simultaneously, water in the water storage chamber is directly pumped to a spray head through a liquid pump to spray water for solving the problem of dust raising, powdery materials are sprayed while being spread, so that the materials are rapidly settled, dust raising is reduced, certain water content of soil remediation materials is kept, adsorption and reaction of heavy metal ions and the soil remediation materials are facilitated, when liquid medicines are needed to be sprayed, the adjusting plate is adjusted until the second material conveying outlet is completely exposed, and the first material conveying outlet is completely shielded, the device has the advantages that the device is stable in structure, high in practicability and suitable for spreading of medicines in different states;
4) the spreading plate is obliquely fixed at the outlet of the spreading pipeline, so that the spreading plate is obliquely arranged at the position below the front part of the walking mechanism, the height of the spreading plate is reduced, raised dust generated in the spreading process can be effectively reduced, and the damage to a human body is reduced;
5) the crushing mechanism is used for grinding the problem that solid medicines are caked after being stored for a long time.
Drawings
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the hyperstable mineralized soil remediation material for heavy metal contaminated farmland and a using method thereof.
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a soil conditioner spreading and spraying integrated machine of the heavy metal polluted farmland hyperstable mineralized soil restoration material and the use method thereof.
FIG. 3 is a partial enlarged view of a soil conditioner spreading and spraying integrated machine of the heavy metal polluted farmland hyperstable mineralized soil restoration material and the use method thereof.
Detailed Description
A preparation method of a heavy metal polluted farmland hyperstable mineralized soil restoration material comprises the following steps:
1) the preparation method comprises the steps of calcining limestone at a high temperature of 1000 ℃ to prepare calcium oxide powder, calcining bauxite at a temperature of 900 ℃ to prepare aluminum hydroxide powder, grinding and screening gypsum ore to prepare calcium sulfate powder, ball-milling the calcium oxide, the aluminum hydroxide, the calcium sulfate and medical stone and sieving the ball-milled materials with a 150-mesh sieve to obtain powder, wherein the effective content of the powder reaches 96%, and the heavy metal content meets the limit requirement of toxic and harmful substances in the GB38400-2019 fertilizer.
2) Drying, grinding and thermally cracking the biochar to prepare biochar;
3) calcium oxide, aluminum hydroxide and deionized water are mixed according to the mass ratio of 4: 3:18, putting into a blending kettle, fully stirring and mixing, pumping into a nucleation kettle, stirring, heating to 110 ℃, and keeping for 8 hours;
4) pumping the mixed solution into a crystallization kettle, keeping the temperature at 100 ℃, adjusting the stirring speed to 600 revolutions per minute to form high-shear liquid, quickly adding the calcium sulfate, and keeping the temperature for 8 hours;
5) pumping the mixed solution prepared in the step 4 into a mixing kettle, adding medical stone, stirring, and naturally cooling to 35 ℃. (ii) a
6) Pumping the mixed solution obtained in the step 5 into a filter press for filter pressing to obtain a filter cake with the water content of 40%;
7) and (3) putting the filter cake obtained in the step (6) and the biochar obtained in the step (2) into a flash evaporation dryer to obtain a finished product with the water content of 15%, namely the heavy metal polluted farmland hyperstable mineralized soil restoration material.
As shown in fig. 2 to 3, the walking mechanism comprises a walking mechanism 1 and a frame 2.
The frame 2 is fixed on the running gear 1, and a handle is fixed on one side of the frame 2 far away from the spreading plate, and the running gear 1 comprises a mounting seat 11, a connecting shaft 12 and a running wheel 13.
The mounting seat 11 is an inverted concave structure formed by fixing a cross rod and two vertical rods, a rotating hole is formed in one side, away from the cross rod, of the two vertical rods of the mounting seat 11 in a penetrating mode, the shape travelling wheel is arranged between the two vertical rods, a bearing is arranged at the center of the travelling wheel 13, the connecting shaft 12 penetrates through the rotating hole and the bearing and then is fixed through threads, the frame 2 is conveniently fixed on the mounting seat 11, and the stable structure is guaranteed.
The material grinding device further comprises a material grinding mechanism 3, wherein the material grinding mechanism 3 is arranged on the rack 2 and comprises a material conveying channel 31, a material conveying auger 32 and a motor 33.
Pass material passageway 31 and be the hollow cylinder structure that a level set up, pass top one side of material passageway 31 and seted up and pass the material entry, pass the bottom of material passageway 31 and keep away from one side of passing the material entry and seted up adjacent first material export and second and pass the material export, and pass the material entry and first, two pass the material export all with pass the inside intercommunication of material passageway 31, pass to set up on the circular face that material passageway 31 is close to and passes the material export with pass the drive mouth of the inside intercommunication of material passageway 31.
The material conveying auger 32 is horizontally arranged in the material conveying channel 31, the output end of the motor 33 penetrates through the driving port to extend to the inside of the material conveying channel 31 to be connected with one end of the material conveying auger 32, an adjusting plate 34 is further arranged on the inner wall of the material conveying channel 31 close to the first and second material conveying outlets, and the adjusting plate 34 is of an arc-shaped structure attached to the inner wall of the material conveying channel 31.
And the material storage box 4 is horizontally fixed above the material crushing mechanism 3.
The inside cavity of storage case 4 sets up, is fixed with a vertical division board in storage case 4 inside, and vertical division board separates into two cavities that each other do not communicate with storage case 4 inside, is storage compartment 41 and reservoir chamber 42 respectively, and has deposited solid medicine and water in storage compartment 41 and the reservoir chamber 42 respectively.
The top that the top of storage case 4 is located storage chamber 41 covers and is connected with first case lid, and the top that the top of storage case 4 is located storage chamber 42 is sealed to be fixed with the second case lid, and the bottom of storage case 4 is located the below of storage chamber 41 and has seted up the discharge gate, and the discharge gate sets up with storage chamber 41 intercommunication, and the liquid outlet that communicates with storage chamber 42 is seted up to the bottom that the storage case is located the below of storage chamber.
The outlet is connected to the feed inlet by a connecting conduit 44.
The spreading plate 6 is connected with a spreading pipeline 7 at the first material conveying outlet, the spreading pipeline 7 is of an obtuse angle structure, and the spreading plate 6 is obliquely fixed at the outlet of the spreading pipeline 7, so that the spreading plate 6 is obliquely arranged below the rack and below the front part of the travelling mechanism 1.
The spreading plate 6 is provided with a plurality of protrusions in a staggered manner, and the width of the spreading plate 6 from the direction close to the material conveying channel 31 to the direction close to the ground is gradually increased, so that the materials can be uniformly spread.
A stirring mechanism, including agitator 8, set up the one side department that lies in crushed aggregates mechanism in frame 2, seted up the inlet on the agitator 8, the inlet passes through outlet pipe 43 with the liquid outlet and is connected, has still seted up the feed inlet on the agitator 8, and the feed inlet is connected through an spraying pipe with first material export, has still seted up mixed discharge gate on the agitator 8, and mixed discharge gate department installs mixed discharging pipe.
The stirring paddle is arranged inside the stirring barrel 8, the stirring motor 33 is arranged on the stirring barrel 8, the stirring paddle is connected with the stirring motor 33, and the stirring motor 33 drives the stirring paddle to stir in a rotating mode.
And the spraying mechanism 5 is arranged at the front position of the travelling mechanism 1 on the frame 2 and comprises a liquid pump, a hose 51 and a spray head 52, the hose 51 is connected with the mixed discharging pipe through the liquid pump, and the spray head 52 is arranged at one end of the hose 51 far away from the liquid pump.
The first embodiment is as follows:
the mass of the limestone, the gypsum ore, the bauxite, the medical stone and the biological carbon is respectively as follows: 16 parts of limestone, 12 parts of gypsum ore, 12 parts of bauxite, 4 parts of medical stone and 8 parts of biological carbon.
Wherein the biological carbon comprises wood chips and straws;
SiO in Chinese medical stone250% of Al2O3The content is 13%;
the calcium content in the limestone is 50%, the silicon content is 4%, the aluminum content is 1.21% and the iron content is 0.5%;
the calcium content in the gypsum ore is 31 percent;
bauxite oreAl (OH) of (1)3With SiO2Has a ratio of 1.5, and Al (OH)3The content of (B) was 81.5%.
Example two:
the mass of the limestone, the gypsum ore, the bauxite, the medical stone and the biological carbon is respectively as follows: 18 parts of limestone, 15 parts of gypsum ore, 15 parts of bauxite, 5 parts of medical stone and 10 parts of biological carbon.
Wherein the biological carbon comprises wood chips and straws;
SiO in Chinese medical stone250% of Al2O3The content is 13%;
the calcium content in the limestone is 50%, the silicon content is 4%, the aluminum content is 1.21% and the iron content is 0.5%;
the calcium content in the gypsum ore is 31 percent;
al (OH) in bauxite3With SiO2Has a ratio of 1.5, and Al (OH)3The content of (B) was 81.5%.
Example three:
the mass of the limestone, the gypsum ore, the bauxite, the medical stone and the biological carbon is respectively as follows: 17 parts of limestone, 14 parts of gypsum ore, 13 parts of bauxite, 4.5 parts of medical stone and 9 parts of biological carbon.
Wherein the biological carbon comprises wood chips and straws;
SiO in Chinese medical stone250% of Al2O3The content is 13%;
the calcium content in the limestone is 50%, the silicon content is 4%, the aluminum content is 1.21% and the iron content is 0.5%;
the calcium content in the gypsum ore is 31 percent;
al (OH) in bauxite3With SiO2Has a ratio of 1.5, and Al (OH)3The content of (B) was 81.5%.
Example four:
the use method of the heavy metal polluted farmland hyperstable mineralized soil restoration material shown in figure 1 comprises the following steps:
1) taking a soil sample in a farmland to be restored, detecting the pollution degree of the soil sample, and detecting to obtain a soil environment quality standard value with three levels;
2) cleaning and loosening sundries in soil in a farmland to be restored, and then digging furrows in the farmland, wherein the interval between two adjacent furrows is 30 cm;
3) according to the detection result of the first step, adding a heavy metal polluted farmland hyperstable mineralized soil restoration material into each mu of heavy metal polluted soil according to the proportion of 200 kilograms of the restoration material, and uniformly spreading the heavy metal polluted farmland hyperstable mineralized soil restoration material into the ridge ditches of the second step by utilizing a soil conditioner spreading and spraying integrated machine;
4) uniformly mixing surface soil with the depth of 20cm in the furrow in the third step, and irrigating to ensure that the water content of the soil is 25%, wherein the heavy metal polluted farmland hyperstable mineralized soil remediation material fully reacts with heavy metals in the soil;
5) and after 10 days, carrying out secondary soil sampling on the soil obtained in the fourth step, and detecting that the environmental quality standard value of the soil in the soil is of a second level, thereby realizing the remediation of the heavy metal contaminated soil.
Example five:
the use method of the heavy metal polluted farmland hyperstable mineralized soil restoration material shown in figure 1 comprises the following steps:
1) taking a soil sample in a farmland to be restored, detecting the pollution degree of the soil sample, and detecting to obtain a soil environment quality standard value with three levels;
2) cleaning and loosening sundries in soil in a farmland to be restored, and then digging furrows in the farmland, wherein the interval between two adjacent furrows is 30 cm;
3) according to the detection result of the first step, adding a heavy metal polluted farmland hyperstable mineralized soil restoration material into each mu of heavy metal polluted soil according to the proportion of 190 kilograms of restoration materials, and uniformly spreading the heavy metal polluted farmland hyperstable mineralized soil restoration material into the ridge ditches of the second step by utilizing a soil conditioner spreading and spraying integrated machine;
4) uniformly mixing surface soil with the depth of 20cm in the furrow in the third step, and irrigating to ensure that the water content of the soil is 25%, wherein the heavy metal polluted farmland hyperstable mineralized soil remediation material fully reacts with heavy metals in the soil;
5) and after 12 days, performing secondary soil sampling on the soil obtained in the fourth step, and detecting that the environmental quality standard value of the soil in the soil is of a second level, thereby realizing the remediation of the heavy metal contaminated soil.
Example six:
the use method of the heavy metal polluted farmland hyperstable mineralized soil restoration material shown in figure 1 comprises the following steps:
1) taking a soil sample in a farmland to be restored, detecting the pollution degree of the soil sample, and detecting to obtain a soil environment quality standard value with three levels;
2) cleaning and loosening sundries in soil in a farmland to be restored, and then digging furrows in the farmland, wherein the interval between two adjacent furrows is 30 cm;
3) according to the detection result of the first step, adding a heavy metal polluted farmland hyperstable mineralized soil restoration material into each mu of heavy metal polluted soil according to the proportion of 200 kilograms of the restoration material, and uniformly spreading the heavy metal polluted farmland hyperstable mineralized soil restoration material into the ridge ditches of the second step by utilizing a soil conditioner spreading and spraying integrated machine;
4) uniformly mixing surface soil with the depth of 20cm in the furrow in the third step, and irrigating to ensure that the water content of the soil is 20%, wherein the heavy metal polluted farmland hyperstable mineralized soil remediation material fully reacts with heavy metals in the soil;
5) and after 13 days, carrying out secondary soil sampling on the soil obtained in the fourth step, and detecting that the environmental quality standard value of the soil in the soil is of a second level, thereby realizing the remediation of the heavy metal contaminated soil.
Example seven:
the use method of the heavy metal polluted farmland hyperstable mineralized soil restoration material shown in figure 1 comprises the following steps:
1) taking a soil sample in a farmland to be restored, detecting the pollution degree of the soil sample, and detecting to obtain a soil environment quality standard value with three levels;
2) cleaning and loosening sundries in soil in a farmland to be restored, and then digging furrows in the farmland, wherein the interval between two adjacent furrows is 30 cm;
3) according to the detection result of the first step, adding a heavy metal polluted farmland hyperstable mineralized soil restoration material into each mu of heavy metal polluted soil according to the proportion of 210 kilograms of the restoration material, and uniformly spreading the heavy metal polluted farmland hyperstable mineralized soil restoration material into the ridge ditches of the second step by utilizing a soil conditioner spreading and spraying integrated machine;
4) uniformly mixing surface soil with the depth of 20cm in the furrow in the third step, and irrigating to ensure that the water content of the soil is 25%, wherein the heavy metal polluted farmland hyperstable mineralized soil remediation material fully reacts with heavy metals in the soil;
5) and after 12 days, performing secondary soil sampling on the soil obtained in the fourth step, and detecting that the environmental quality standard value of the soil in the soil is of a second level, thereby realizing the remediation of the heavy metal contaminated soil.
Example eight:
the use method of the heavy metal polluted farmland hyperstable mineralized soil restoration material shown in figure 1 comprises the following steps:
1) taking a soil sample in a farmland to be restored, detecting the pollution degree of the soil sample, and detecting to obtain a soil environment quality standard value with three levels;
2) cleaning and loosening sundries in soil in a farmland to be restored, and then digging furrows in the farmland, wherein the interval between two adjacent furrows is 30 cm;
3) according to the detection result of the first step, adding a heavy metal polluted farmland hyperstable mineralized soil restoration material into each mu of heavy metal polluted soil according to the proportion of 200 kilograms of the restoration material, and uniformly spreading the heavy metal polluted farmland hyperstable mineralized soil restoration material into the ridge ditches of the second step by utilizing a soil conditioner spreading and spraying integrated machine;
4) uniformly mixing surface soil with the depth of 20cm in the furrow in the third step, and irrigating to ensure that the water content of the soil is 25%, wherein the heavy metal polluted farmland hyperstable mineralized soil remediation material fully reacts with heavy metals in the soil;
5) and after 12 days, performing secondary soil sampling on the soil obtained in the fourth step, and detecting that the environmental quality standard value of the soil in the soil is of a second level, thereby realizing the remediation of the heavy metal contaminated soil.
Example nine:
the use method of the heavy metal polluted farmland hyperstable mineralized soil restoration material shown in figure 1 comprises the following steps:
1) taking a soil sample in a farmland to be restored, detecting the pollution degree of the soil sample, and detecting to obtain a soil environment quality standard value with three levels;
2) cleaning and loosening sundries in soil in a farmland to be restored, and then digging furrows in the farmland, wherein the interval between two adjacent furrows is 30 cm;
3) according to the detection result of the first step, adding a heavy metal polluted farmland hyperstable mineralized soil restoration material into each mu of heavy metal polluted soil according to the proportion of 200 kilograms of the restoration material, and uniformly spreading the soil restoration material in the ridge ditch of the second step by using a soil conditioner spreading and spraying integrated machine;
4) uniformly mixing surface soil with the depth of 20cm in the furrow in the third step, and irrigating to ensure that the water content of the soil is 25%, wherein the heavy metal polluted farmland hyperstable mineralized soil remediation material fully reacts with heavy metals in the soil;
5) and after 11 days, performing secondary soil sampling on the soil obtained in the fourth step, and detecting that the environmental quality standard value of the soil in the soil is of a second level, thereby realizing the remediation of the heavy metal contaminated soil.
Example ten:
the use method of the heavy metal polluted farmland hyperstable mineralized soil restoration material shown in figure 1 comprises the following steps:
1) selecting farmlands to be restored, and distributing the farmlands to be restored to acidic farmlands, weak-acid farmlands and alkaline farmlands polluted by heavy metals;
2) cleaning and loosening sundries in soil in a farmland to be restored, and then digging furrows in the farmland, wherein the interval between two adjacent furrows is 30 cm;
3) adding a heavy metal polluted farmland hyperstable mineralized soil restoration material into each mu of heavy metal polluted soil according to the proportion of 200 kilograms of restoration material, and uniformly spreading the soil restoration material in the ridge ditch of the step two by using a soil conditioner spreading and spraying integrated machine;
4) and (3) uniformly mixing surface soil with the depth of 20cm in the furrow of the farmland in the third step, and irrigating to ensure that the water content of the soil is 25%, wherein the heavy metal polluted farmland hyperstable mineralized soil remediation material fully reacts with the heavy metal in the soil.
According to the embodiment, the four, five, six and seven comparison examples are combined and shown in the table I.
According to the fourth embodiment, the second embodiment, the eighth embodiment and the third embodiment, the third embodiment is shown in table two.
In the embodiment, the combined embodiment is shown in the third table, and the detection results of the content of various heavy metals in the soil along with the change of the date are shown in the third table.
Table one:
table two:
table three:
note: data are the average of 3 replicates, with no significant difference between treatments indicated by the same letter after the same column of data (P > 0.05).
According to the first table, the mass ratio of limestone, gypsum ore, bauxite, medical stone and biochar is controlled to be consistent, and under the condition that the soil water content is constant with the interval between two adjacent furrows, when the quantity of remediation materials used in each mu of heavy metal contaminated soil is 200kg, the remediation effect of the soil is the best; under the condition that the quality of the repair material used by each mu of heavy metal contaminated soil and the interval between two adjacent ridge ditches are fixed, the larger the water content of the soil is, the faster the repair effect of the soil is.
According to the second table, when the water content of the soil, the interval between two adjacent furrows and the repairing material used in each mu of heavy metal polluted soil are controlled to be consistent, the mass of limestone, gypsum ore, bauxite, medical stone and biological carbon is large, and the repairing effect of the soil is the worst.
According to the third table, the hyperstable mineralized soil restoration material for the heavy metal contaminated farmland is suitable for acidic, weakly acidic and alkaline soil, can passivate various heavy metals at the same time, and is good in restoration effect.
By combining the analysis and continuous monitoring for many years, the super-stable mineralized soil restoration material for the farmland polluted by the heavy metals is applied once, the pH value of the soil can be adjusted, the content of the effective state of the heavy metals in the soil is obviously reduced, the soil characteristics are improved, a certain yield increasing effect is achieved, the content of the heavy metals in agricultural products meets the national food sanitation standard, and the content is continuously maintained for more than 5 years.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, which are described in the specification and illustrated only to illustrate the principle of the present invention, but that various changes and modifications may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, which fall within the scope of the invention as claimed. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.
Claims (7)
1. The super-stable mineralized soil restoration material for the heavy metal polluted farmland is characterized by comprising the following components in parts by weight: comprises limestone, gypsum ore, bauxite, medical stone and biological carbon, and the mass ratio is as follows: 16-18 parts of limestone, 12-15 parts of gypsum ore, 12-15 parts of bauxite, 4-5 parts of medical stone and 8-10 parts of biological carbon, wherein the biological carbon comprises sawdust and straw, and SiO in the medical stone2Not less than 50% of Al2O3The content of the calcium is not less than 13%, the content of the calcium in the limestone is not less than 50%, the content of the silicon is not less than 4%, the content of the aluminum is not less than 1.21%, the content of the iron is not more than 0.5%, the content of the calcium in the gypsum ore is not less than 31%, and the content of the Al in the bauxite is not less than 31%(OH)3With SiO2Is greater than 1.5, and Al (OH)3The content of (A) is not less than 81.5%, and the preparation method comprises:
1) calcining limestone at the high temperature of 1000 ℃ through 800-plus-material, calcining bauxite at the high temperature of 900 ℃ through 800-plus-material to prepare aluminum hydroxide, grinding and screening gypsum ore to prepare calcium sulfate, ball-milling the calcium oxide, the aluminum hydroxide, the calcium sulfate and medical stone and sieving the ball-milled materials through a 150-mesh sieve to obtain calcium oxide powder, aluminum hydroxide powder, calcium sulfate powder and medical stone powder, wherein the effective contents of the calcium oxide powder, the aluminum hydroxide powder, the calcium sulfate powder and the medical stone powder are all more than 95%;
2) drying, grinding and thermally cracking the biochar to prepare biochar;
3) calcium oxide powder, aluminum hydroxide powder and deionized water are mixed according to the mass ratio of 4: 3, putting the mixture into a blending kettle, fully stirring and mixing the mixture, pumping the mixture into a nucleation kettle, stirring the mixture, heating the mixture to 90-130 ℃, and keeping the temperature for 8 hours;
4) pumping the mixed solution obtained in the step 3 into a crystallization kettle, keeping the temperature at 100 ℃ and 110 ℃, adjusting the stirring speed to 600 ℃ and 800 revolutions per minute to form high-shear liquid, quickly adding the calcium sulfate powder, and keeping the temperature for 8 hours;
5) pumping the mixed solution prepared in the step (4) into a mixing kettle, adding medical stone, stirring, and naturally cooling to 30-40 ℃;
6) pumping the mixed solution prepared in the step 5 into a filter press for filter pressing to prepare a filter cake with the water content of 35-45%;
7) and (3) putting the filter cake obtained in the step (6) and the biochar obtained in the step (2) into a flash evaporation dryer to obtain a finished product with the water content of 10-15%, namely the heavy metal polluted farmland hyperstable mineralized soil restoration material.
2. The use method of the heavy metal polluted farmland hyperstable mineralized soil restoration material, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
1) taking a soil sample in a farmland to be restored, and detecting the pollution degree of the soil sample;
2) cleaning and loosening sundries in soil in a farmland to be restored, and then digging furrows in the farmland, wherein the interval between every two adjacent furrows is 30-40 cm;
3) according to the detection result of the first step, adding the heavy metal polluted farmland hyperstable mineralized soil restoration material according to the proportion of 100-300 kilograms of the restoration material to each mu of heavy metal polluted soil, and uniformly spreading the heavy metal polluted farmland hyperstable mineralized soil restoration material in the ridge ditch of the second step by utilizing a soil conditioner spreading and spraying integrated machine;
4) uniformly mixing surface soil with the depth of 20cm in the furrow in the third step, and irrigating the surface soil to ensure that the water content of the soil is 20-25%, wherein the heavy metal polluted farmland hyperstable mineralized soil remediation material fully reacts with heavy metals in the soil;
5) and after 10-15 days, carrying out secondary soil sampling on the soil obtained in the fourth step, and detecting that the heavy metal in the soil is passivated and loses the biological effectiveness of the heavy metal, thereby realizing the remediation of the heavy metal contaminated soil.
3. The use method of the hyperstable mineralized soil remediation material for heavy metal contaminated farmland according to claim 2, characterized by comprising the following steps: adding the heavy metal polluted farmland hyperstable mineralized soil restoration material into each mu of heavy metal polluted soil according to the proportion of 200 kilograms of the restoration material, and increasing and decreasing the amount according to actual conditions.
4. The use method of the hyperstable mineralized soil remediation material for heavy metal contaminated farmland according to claim 2, characterized by comprising the following steps: the soil conditioner spreading and spraying integrated machine comprises a shape walking mechanism and a frame, wherein the frame is fixed on the shape walking mechanism, the soil conditioner spreading and spraying integrated machine further comprises a material crushing mechanism, the material crushing mechanism is arranged on the frame and comprises a material conveying channel, a material conveying auger and a motor, the material conveying channel is a hollow cylinder structure horizontally arranged, a material conveying inlet is formed in one side of the top of the material conveying channel, a first material conveying outlet and a second material conveying outlet which are adjacent to each other are formed in one side, away from the material conveying inlet, of the bottom of the material conveying channel, the material conveying inlet, the first material conveying outlet and the second material conveying outlet are communicated with the inside of the material conveying channel, a driving port communicated with the inside of the material conveying channel is formed in a round surface, close to the material conveying outlet, of the material conveying channel, the material conveying auger is horizontally arranged inside the material conveying channel, and the output end of the motor penetrates through the driving port to extend to the inside of the material conveying channel and is connected with one end of the material conveying auger, an adjusting plate is further arranged on the inner wall of the material conveying channel and close to the first and second material conveying outlets, and the adjusting plate is of an arc structure attached to the inner wall of the material conveying channel;
the storage box is horizontally fixed above the crushing mechanism, the storage box is arranged in a hollow mode, a vertical partition plate is fixed inside the storage box and divides the inside of the storage box into two chambers which are not communicated with each other, namely a storage chamber and a water storage chamber, the top of the storage box is positioned above the storage chamber and is covered and connected with a first box cover, the top of the storage box is positioned above the water storage chamber and is fixedly sealed with a second box cover, the bottom of the storage box is positioned below the storage chamber and is provided with a discharge port, the discharge port is communicated with the storage chamber, and the bottom of the storage box is positioned below the water storage chamber and is provided with a liquid outlet communicated with the water storage chamber;
the discharge hole is connected with the material conveying inlet through a connecting pipeline;
the first material conveying outlet is connected with a spreading pipeline which is of an obtuse angle structure, and the spreading plate is obliquely fixed at the outlet of the spreading pipeline and is obliquely arranged at the position below the front part of the walking mechanism;
the stirring mechanism comprises a stirring barrel, a first material conveying outlet and a second material conveying outlet, wherein the stirring barrel is arranged on the rack and is positioned at one side of the crushing mechanism, a liquid inlet is formed in the stirring barrel, the liquid inlet is connected with the liquid outlet through a water outlet pipe, a material inlet is also formed in the stirring barrel, the material inlet is connected with the first material conveying outlet through a spraying pipeline, a mixed material discharging port is also formed in the stirring barrel, and a mixed material discharging pipe is arranged at the mixed material discharging port;
the spraying mechanism is arranged at the front position of the travelling mechanism on the frame and comprises a liquid pump, a hose and a spray head, the hose is connected with the mixing discharge pipe through the liquid pump, and the spray head is arranged at one end, far away from the liquid pump, of the hose.
5. The use method of the heavy metal polluted farmland hyperstable mineralized soil restoration material according to claim 4, characterized by comprising the following steps: the stirring device is characterized in that a stirring paddle is arranged inside the stirring barrel, a stirring motor is arranged on the stirring barrel, the stirring paddle is connected with the stirring motor, and the stirring motor drives the stirring paddle to stir in a rotating mode.
6. The use method of the heavy metal polluted farmland hyperstable mineralized soil restoration material according to claim 4, characterized by comprising the following steps: the walking mechanism comprises a mounting seat, a connecting shaft and walking wheels, the mounting seat is of an inverted concave structure formed by fixing a cross rod and two vertical rods, a rotating hole is formed in one side, away from the cross rod, of the two vertical rods of the mounting seat in a penetrating mode, the walking wheels are arranged between the two vertical rods, a bearing is arranged at the center of each walking wheel, and the connecting shaft penetrates through the rotating hole and the bearing and then is fixed through threads.
7. The use method of the heavy metal polluted farmland hyperstable mineralized soil restoration material according to claim 4, characterized by comprising the following steps: the spreading plate is staggered with a plurality of bulges, and the width of the spreading plate from the direction close to the material conveying channel to the direction close to the ground is gradually increased.
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| CN202110937681.4A CN113680809A (en) | 2021-08-16 | 2021-08-16 | Heavy metal polluted farmland hyperstable mineralized soil restoration material and application method thereof |
| PCT/CN2021/132329 WO2023019787A1 (en) | 2021-08-16 | 2021-11-23 | Ultra-stable mineralized soil remediation material for farmland contaminated by heavy metals |
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