CN113680206A - Control method and system of catalytic denitration equipment - Google Patents
Control method and system of catalytic denitration equipment Download PDFInfo
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- CN113680206A CN113680206A CN202110954022.1A CN202110954022A CN113680206A CN 113680206 A CN113680206 A CN 113680206A CN 202110954022 A CN202110954022 A CN 202110954022A CN 113680206 A CN113680206 A CN 113680206A
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- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 69
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 462
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 183
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 137
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 137
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 111
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 52
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 239000010865 sewage Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 claims description 49
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000005485 electric heating Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 34
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen oxide Inorganic materials O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 34
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
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- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910000975 Carbon steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000010962 carbon steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 206010028980 Neoplasm Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000006673 asthma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000004397 blinking Effects 0.000 description 1
- 201000011510 cancer Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 235000019504 cigarettes Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003517 fume Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/346—Controlling the process
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/30—Controlling by gas-analysis apparatus
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/46—Removing components of defined structure
- B01D53/54—Nitrogen compounds
- B01D53/56—Nitrogen oxides
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
- B01D53/86—Catalytic processes
- B01D53/8621—Removing nitrogen compounds
- B01D53/8625—Nitrogen oxides
- B01D53/8628—Processes characterised by a specific catalyst
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2258/00—Sources of waste gases
- B01D2258/02—Other waste gases
- B01D2258/0283—Flue gases
Abstract
The invention discloses a control method of catalytic denitration equipment, which opens an air inlet flue to enable flue gas to enter; starting the ammonia spraying device to control the ammonia spraying device to spray ammonia gas serving as ammonia spraying gas; starting a booster fan, and conveying the flue gas and the ammonia gas to a mixer; starting a mixer to fully mix the flue gas and the ammonia gas; after the mixed flue gas is subjected to catalytic denitration by a denitration reactor under the action of a carbon-based denitration catalyst, opening an air outlet flue so as to discharge the denitrated gas; and controlling to open the sewage discharging channel periodically to discharge sewage. The invention also discloses a control system of the catalytic denitration equipment.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of industrial tail gas treatment, in particular to a control method and a system of catalytic denitration equipment.
Background
Some industrial process exhaust gases contain certain concentrations of NOx (nitrogen oxides) which, if emitted directly to the atmosphere, can form smog and acid rain. The fumes formed by the emission of nitrogen oxides directly into the atmosphere are liable to cause asthma and cancer, and the acid rain formed can corrode equipment and buildings.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention mainly aims to provide a control method and a control system of catalytic denitration equipment, which aim to solve the problem that nitrogen oxides in industrial tail gas are not well treated in the prior art.
In order to achieve the above object, according to one aspect of the present invention, there is provided a control method of a catalytic denitration apparatus:
the catalytic denitration apparatus at least includes: the denitration device comprises an air inlet flue, an ammonia spraying device connected with the air inlet flue, a booster fan connected with the ammonia spraying device, a denitration reactor connected with the booster fan, an air outlet flue connected with an air outlet of the denitration reactor, and a sewage discharge channel communicated with the denitration reactor, wherein a carbon-based denitration catalyst is arranged in the denitration reactor;
opening an air inlet flue so that flue gas enters;
starting the ammonia spraying device to control the ammonia spraying device to spray ammonia gas serving as ammonia spraying gas;
starting a booster fan, and conveying the flue gas and the ammonia gas to a mixer;
starting a mixer to fully mix the flue gas and the ammonia gas;
after the mixed flue gas is subjected to catalytic denitration by a denitration reactor under the action of a carbon-based denitration catalyst, opening an air outlet flue so as to discharge the denitrated gas;
and controlling to open the sewage discharging channel periodically to discharge sewage.
Further, the ammonia spraying device comprises a liquid ammonia tank, an electric ammonia evaporator and an ammonia flow valve which are sequentially arranged on an ammonia gas supply passage, and further comprises an ammonia gas and air mixer connected with the ammonia gas supply passage, an air supply passage connected with the ammonia gas and air mixer, an air flow valve arranged on the air supply passage, and an ammonia spraying grid respectively connected with the ammonia gas and air mixer and an air inlet flue, wherein the ammonia spraying grid is connected with a booster fan, and the control method comprises the following steps: and after the ammonia spraying device is started, a liquid ammonia tank valve is controlled to be opened, the electric heating ammonia evaporator is started to vaporize liquid ammonia into ammonia gas, an air flow valve is opened, and the ammonia gas and air are mixed to form ammonia spraying gas with required concentration in an ammonia gas-air mixer by adjusting the opening degrees of the ammonia gas flow valve and the air flow valve.
Further, one section of the air supply passage is located inside the denitration reactor.
Further, the catalytic denitration equipment further comprises a spraying device communicated with the top of the denitration reactor and a catalyst temperature sensor used for detecting the temperature of the carbon-based denitration catalyst, the control method further comprises the steps of starting the spraying device to cool the denitration reactor when the temperature detected by one of the catalyst temperature sensors is higher than the upper limit value of the normal working temperature of the denitration reactor, and closing the spraying device when the temperatures detected by the two catalyst temperature sensors reach the lower limit value of the normal working temperature of the denitration reactor after cooling.
Further, the catalytic denitration device further comprises a flue gas temperature sensor and a flue gas heater which are arranged at the flue gas inlet, and the control method further comprises the following steps: when the smoke temperature sensor detects that the smoke temperature is lower than the lower limit value of the standard temperature allowed to enter the smoke, the circulating smoke bypass is opened, the smoke heater is started to supplement heat to the smoke, and after heat supplement, when the smoke temperature sensor detects that the smoke temperature reaches the upper limit value of the standard temperature allowed to enter the smoke, the circulating smoke bypass is closed, and the smoke heater stops heating the smoke.
In another aspect, the invention provides a control system of a catalytic denitration apparatus,
the catalytic denitration apparatus includes: the denitration device comprises an air inlet flue, an ammonia spraying device connected with the air inlet flue, a booster fan connected with the ammonia spraying device, a mixer connected with the booster fan, a denitration reactor, an air outlet flue connected with an air outlet of the denitration reactor, and a sewage discharge channel communicated with the denitration reactor, wherein a carbon-based denitration catalyst is arranged in the denitration reactor;
the control system comprises a central controller and an ammonia spraying controller connected with the central controller;
the central controller is used for controlling the opening of the air inlet flue, controlling the starting of the ammonia spraying device, controlling the starting of the booster fan to convey the mixed flue gas and ammonia gas to the denitration reactor, controlling the opening of the exhaust valve to discharge the flue gas after catalytic denitration, and controlling the periodic opening of the sewage discharge channel to discharge sewage;
and the ammonia spraying controller is used for controlling the ammonia spraying process of the ammonia spraying device.
Further, the ammonia spraying device comprises a liquid ammonia tank, an electric heating ammonia evaporator and an ammonia flow valve which are sequentially arranged on an ammonia supply passage, and also comprises an ammonia air mixer connected with the ammonia supply passage, an air supply passage connected with the ammonia air mixer, an air flow valve arranged on the air supply passage, and an ammonia spraying grid respectively connected with the ammonia air mixer and an air inlet flue, wherein the ammonia spraying grid is connected with a booster fan;
and the ammonia spraying controller is used for controlling opening of a valve of the liquid ammonia tank, starting the electric ammonia evaporator to vaporize the liquid ammonia into ammonia gas, opening the air flow valve and the ammonia flow valve, adjusting the opening degrees of the ammonia flow valve and the ammonia flow valve to mix the ammonia gas and the air into ammonia spraying gas with required concentration in the ammonia gas-air mixer.
Furthermore, the catalytic denitration equipment also comprises a spraying device communicated with the top of the denitration reactor and a catalyst temperature sensor used for detecting the temperature of the carbon-based denitration catalyst;
the central controller is further used for controlling the spray device to be started to cool the denitration reactor when a signal that the temperature detected by one of the catalyst temperature sensors is higher than the upper limit value of the normal working temperature of the denitration reactor is acquired, and controlling the spray device to be closed when the signal that the temperatures detected by the two catalyst temperature sensors reach the lower limit value of the normal working temperature of the denitration reactor after the temperature is acquired.
The catalytic denitration device also comprises a flue gas temperature sensor arranged at a flue gas inlet, a circulating flue gas bypass arranged between the gas inlet flue and the gas outlet flue, and a flue gas heater arranged on the circulating flue gas bypass;
the central controller: and the flue gas temperature sensor is also used for controlling to open the circulating flue gas bypass and start the flue gas heater to supplement heat to the flue gas when detecting that the flue gas temperature is lower than the lower limit value of the standard temperature allowed for the flue gas to enter, and after heat supplement, when detecting that the flue gas temperature reaches the upper limit value of the standard temperature allowed for the flue gas to enter, the flue gas temperature sensor closes the circulating flue gas bypass and stops heating the flue gas.
The control method and the system of the catalytic denitration device can effectively improve the conversion rate of NOx to N2, efficiently control the industrial tail gas denitration process, and reduce the formation of acid rain and atmospheric pollution by detecting the purified flue gas after denitration by an NOx online detector to reach the standard and discharge the flue gas into the atmosphere.
The invention is further described with reference to the following figures and detailed description. Additional aspects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and, in part, will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, are included to assist in understanding the invention, and are included to explain the invention and their equivalents and not limit it unduly. In the drawings:
fig. 1 is a step diagram of a control method of a catalytic denitration apparatus according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a control system of a catalytic denitration apparatus according to the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a flow chart of the catalytic denitration apparatus according to the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a keyboard for each controller of the present invention
Detailed Description
The invention will be described more fully hereinafter with reference to the accompanying drawings. Those skilled in the art will be able to implement the invention based on these teachings. Before the present invention is described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, it is to be noted that:
the technical solutions and features provided in the present invention in the respective sections including the following description may be combined with each other without conflict.
Moreover, the embodiments of the present invention described in the following description are generally only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Therefore, all other embodiments obtained by a person of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without any creative effort shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
With respect to terms and units in the present invention. The terms "comprising," "having," and any variations thereof in the description and claims of this invention and the related sections are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusions.
The invention mainly aims to provide a control method and a control system of catalytic denitration equipment, which aim to solve the problem that nitrogen oxides in industrial tail gas are not well treated in the prior art.
In order to achieve the above object, according to one aspect of the present invention, there is provided a control method of a catalytic denitration apparatus:
the catalytic denitration apparatus includes: the denitration device comprises an air inlet flue, an ammonia spraying device connected with the air inlet flue, a booster fan connected with the ammonia spraying device, a denitration reactor connected with the booster fan, an air outlet flue connected with an air outlet of the denitration reactor, and a sewage discharge channel communicated with the denitration reactor, wherein a carbon-based denitration catalyst is arranged in the denitration reactor;
opening an air inlet flue so that flue gas enters;
starting the ammonia spraying device to control the ammonia spraying device to spray ammonia gas serving as ammonia spraying gas;
starting a booster fan, and conveying the flue gas and the ammonia gas to a mixer;
starting a mixer to fully mix the flue gas and the ammonia gas;
after the mixed flue gas is subjected to catalytic denitration by a denitration reactor under the action of a carbon-based denitration catalyst, opening an air outlet flue so as to discharge the denitrated gas;
and controlling to open the sewage discharging channel periodically to discharge sewage.
Further, the ammonia spraying device comprises a liquid ammonia tank, an electric ammonia evaporator and an ammonia flow valve which are sequentially arranged on an ammonia gas supply passage, and further comprises an ammonia gas and air mixer connected with the ammonia gas supply passage, an air supply passage connected with the ammonia gas and air mixer, an air flow valve arranged on the air supply passage, and an ammonia spraying grid respectively connected with the ammonia gas and air mixer and an air inlet flue, wherein the ammonia spraying grid is connected with a booster fan, and the control method comprises the following steps: and after the ammonia spraying device is started, a liquid ammonia tank valve is controlled to be opened, the electric heating ammonia evaporator is started to vaporize liquid ammonia into ammonia gas, an air flow valve is opened, and the ammonia gas and air are mixed to form ammonia spraying gas with required concentration in an ammonia gas-air mixer by adjusting the opening degrees of the ammonia gas flow valve and the air flow valve.
Further, one section of the air supply passage is located inside the denitration reactor.
Further, the catalytic denitration equipment further comprises a spraying device communicated with the top of the denitration reactor and a catalyst temperature sensor used for detecting the temperature of the carbon-based denitration catalyst, the control method further comprises the steps of starting the spraying device to cool the denitration reactor when the temperature detected by one of the catalyst temperature sensors is higher than the upper limit value of the normal working temperature of the denitration reactor, and closing the spraying device when the temperatures detected by the two catalyst temperature sensors reach the lower limit value of the normal working temperature of the denitration reactor after cooling.
Further, the catalytic denitration device further comprises a flue gas temperature sensor and a flue gas heater which are arranged at the flue gas inlet, and the control method further comprises the following steps: when the smoke temperature sensor detects that the smoke temperature is lower than the lower limit value of the standard temperature allowed to enter the smoke, the circulating smoke bypass is opened, the smoke heater is started to supplement heat to the smoke, and after heat supplement, when the smoke temperature sensor detects that the smoke temperature reaches the upper limit value of the standard temperature allowed to enter the smoke, the circulating smoke bypass is closed, and the smoke heater stops heating the smoke.
In another aspect, the invention provides a control system of a catalytic denitration apparatus,
the catalytic denitration apparatus includes: the denitration device comprises an air inlet flue, an ammonia spraying device connected with the air inlet flue, a booster fan connected with the ammonia spraying device, a mixer connected with the booster fan, a denitration reactor, an air outlet flue connected with an air outlet of the denitration reactor, and a sewage discharge channel communicated with the denitration reactor, wherein a carbon-based denitration catalyst is arranged in the denitration reactor;
the control system comprises a central controller and an ammonia spraying controller connected with the central controller;
the central controller is used for controlling the opening of the air inlet flue, controlling the starting of the ammonia spraying device, controlling the starting of the booster fan to convey the mixed flue gas and ammonia gas to the denitration reactor, controlling the opening of the exhaust valve to discharge the flue gas after catalytic denitration, and controlling the periodic opening of the sewage discharge channel to discharge sewage;
and the ammonia spraying controller is used for controlling the ammonia spraying process of the ammonia spraying device.
Further, the ammonia spraying device comprises a liquid ammonia tank, an electric heating ammonia evaporator and an ammonia flow valve which are sequentially arranged on an ammonia supply passage, and also comprises an ammonia air mixer connected with the ammonia supply passage, an air supply passage connected with the ammonia air mixer, an air flow valve arranged on the air supply passage, and an ammonia spraying grid respectively connected with the ammonia air mixer and an air inlet flue, wherein the ammonia spraying grid is connected with a booster fan;
and the ammonia spraying controller is used for controlling opening of a valve of the liquid ammonia tank, starting the electric ammonia evaporator to vaporize the liquid ammonia into ammonia gas, opening the air flow valve and the ammonia flow valve, adjusting the opening degrees of the ammonia flow valve and the ammonia flow valve to mix the ammonia gas and the air into ammonia spraying gas with required concentration in the ammonia gas-air mixer.
Furthermore, the catalytic denitration equipment also comprises a spraying device communicated with the top of the denitration reactor and a catalyst temperature sensor used for detecting the temperature of the carbon-based denitration catalyst;
the central controller is further used for controlling the spray device to be started to cool the denitration reactor when a signal that the temperature detected by one of the catalyst temperature sensors is higher than the upper limit value of the normal working temperature of the denitration reactor is acquired, and controlling the spray device to be closed when the signal that the temperatures detected by the two catalyst temperature sensors reach the lower limit value of the normal working temperature of the denitration reactor after the temperature is acquired.
Furthermore, the catalytic denitration equipment also comprises a flue gas temperature sensor arranged at a flue gas inlet, a circulating flue gas bypass arranged between the gas inlet flue and the gas outlet flue, and a flue gas heater arranged on the circulating flue gas bypass;
the central controller: and the flue gas temperature sensor is also used for controlling to open the circulating flue gas bypass and start the flue gas heater to supplement heat to the flue gas when detecting that the flue gas temperature is lower than the lower limit value of the standard temperature allowed for the flue gas to enter, and after heat supplement, when detecting that the flue gas temperature reaches the upper limit value of the standard temperature allowed for the flue gas to enter, the flue gas temperature sensor closes the circulating flue gas bypass and stops heating the flue gas.
The flow chart of the equipment using the background catalytic denitration equipment of the invention is shown in figure 3, the catalytic denitration equipment comprises an air inlet flue, a flue gas flow valve 37 arranged on the air inlet flue, and an ammonia spraying device connected with the air inlet flue, wherein the ammonia spraying device comprises a liquid ammonia tank 31, an electrothermal ammonia evaporator 32 and an ammonia flow valve 33 which are sequentially arranged on an ammonia supply passage, an ammonia air mixer 35 connected with the ammonia supply passage, an air supply passage connected with the ammonia air mixer 35, an air flow valve arranged on the air supply passage, a dilution fan 34 connected with the air supply passage, an ammonia spraying grid 36 respectively connected with the ammonia air mixer 35 and the air inlet flue, the ammonia spraying grid 36 is connected with a booster fan 38, an ammonia flue gas mixer 39 is arranged between the booster fan 38 and a denitration reactor 40 and used for further fully mixing ammonia and flue gas, the opening and closing of the ammonia gas and flue gas mixer 39 are controlled by the central controller, the air outlet flue connected with the air outlet of the denitration reactor discharges clean gas up to the standard, the sewage discharge channel communicated with the denitration reactor is connected with a sewage pool 42, and a carbon-based denitration catalyst is arranged in the denitration reactor.
The catalytic denitration apparatus further includes a spray device communicated with the top of the denitration reactor, and a catalyst temperature sensor 41 for detecting the temperature of the carbon-based denitration catalyst.
The catalytic denitration equipment further comprises a flue gas temperature sensor 42 and a flue gas flow valve 37 which are arranged at a flue gas inlet, a circulating flue bypass is arranged between the gas inlet flue and the gas outlet flue, and a flue gas heater 43 is arranged on the circulating flue bypass.
As shown in fig. 1, a method for controlling a catalytic denitration apparatus includes the following steps:
s11, opening the air inlet flue to enable the smoke to enter;
s12, starting the ammonia spraying device to control the ammonia spraying device to spray ammonia gas as ammonia spraying gas;
s13, starting a booster fan, and conveying the flue gas and the ammonia gas to a mixer;
s14, starting the mixer to fully mix the flue gas and the ammonia gas;
s15, after the mixed flue gas is subjected to catalytic denitration by a denitration reactor under the action of a carbon-based denitration catalyst, opening an air outlet flue to discharge the denitrated gas;
and S16, controlling to open the sewage discharging channel periodically to discharge sewage.
It should be noted that the steps illustrated in the step diagram of fig. 1 may be performed in a computer system such as a set of computer-executable instructions and that, although a logical order is illustrated in the flowchart, in some cases, the steps illustrated or described may be performed in an order different than here.
It should be noted that the flue and the reactor of the system can be made of carbon steel. Denitration main reaction equation: 4NH3+4NO + O2 ═ 4N2+6H 2O. In an optional scheme, the ammonia spraying device comprises a liquid ammonia tank, an electric ammonia evaporator and an ammonia flow valve which are sequentially arranged on an ammonia gas supply passage, and further comprises an ammonia gas and air mixer connected with the ammonia gas supply passage, an air supply passage connected with the ammonia gas and air mixer, an air flow valve arranged on the air supply passage, and an ammonia spraying grid respectively connected with the ammonia gas and air mixer and an air inlet flue, wherein the ammonia spraying grid is connected with a booster fan, and the control method comprises the following steps: and after the ammonia spraying device is started, a liquid ammonia tank valve is controlled to be opened, the electric heating ammonia evaporator is started to vaporize liquid ammonia into ammonia gas, an air flow valve is opened, and the ammonia gas and air are mixed to form ammonia spraying gas with required concentration in an ammonia gas-air mixer by adjusting the opening degrees of the ammonia gas flow valve and the air flow valve.
It should be noted that, a dilution fan is arranged on the air supply passage, the liquid ammonia in the liquid ammonia tank is vaporized into ammonia gas after being evaporated by the electric ammonia evaporator, and the ammonia gas enters the ammonia-air mixer after being metered and regulated. In the ammonia-air mixer, ammonia gas and air from the dilution fan are mixed to form 5% ammonia-air mixed gas, the 5% ammonia-air mixed gas is mixed with the original flue gas through an ammonia injection grid in the air inlet flue, and finally the mixture is subjected to denitration reaction in the denitration reactor.
The normal ammonia supply amount of the ammonia gas in the ammonia gas supply passage was 400L/h. The ammonia flow valve on the ammonia supply pipe passage is interlocked with the flue gas flow valve on the air inlet flue, and when NOx in inlet flue gas is increased, the ammonia flow valve increases the valve opening degree accordingly.
The pipeline valves of the system are all made of stainless steel.
In an alternative, one of the sections of the air supply passage is located inside the denitration reactor.
In an optional scheme, the catalytic denitration apparatus further comprises a spraying device communicated with the top of the denitration reactor, and a catalyst temperature sensor used for detecting the temperature of the carbon-based denitration catalyst, the control method further comprises the steps of starting the spraying device to cool the denitration reactor when the temperature detected by one of the catalyst temperature sensors is higher than the upper limit value of the normal working temperature of the denitration reactor, and closing the spraying device when the temperatures detected by the two catalyst temperature sensors reach the lower limit value of the normal working temperature of the denitration reactor after cooling.
It should be noted that the spraying device includes a fire-fighting water pipe arranged on the top of the denitration reactor and an electric valve arranged on the fire-fighting water pipe. The fire water spray set who comes is arranged at denitration reactor internal top in the main district of practitioner, when detecting the temperature in the denitration reactor and reach 220 ℃, the last motorised valve of fire water pipeline is automatic to be opened, thereby fire water pipe in the reactor begins the fire prevention safety of water spray assurance device. The sprayed water is discharged through a sewage discharge channel at the bottom of the fire-fighting reactor. The pipeline and the valve are made of carbon steel.
It should be noted that the spraying device is in a normally closed state, only when the temperature in the denitration reactor is detected to be higher than 220 ℃, the electric valve is opened, the fire water starts to spray and cool the catalyst, and when the temperature in the denitration reactor is detected to be lower than 160 ℃, the electric valve is closed.
In an optional scheme, the catalytic denitration device further comprises a flue gas temperature sensor and a flue gas heater which are arranged at the flue gas inlet, and the control method further comprises the following steps: when the smoke temperature sensor detects that the smoke temperature is lower than the lower limit value of the standard temperature allowed to enter the smoke, the circulating smoke bypass is opened, the smoke heater is started to supplement heat to the smoke, and after heat supplement, when the smoke temperature sensor detects that the smoke temperature reaches the upper limit value of the standard temperature allowed to enter the smoke, the circulating smoke bypass is closed, and the smoke heater stops heating the smoke.
It should be noted that, because the catalytic denitration device is not operated continuously, in order to ensure that the catalytic denitration device is in a high-activity temperature region of the catalyst when being started, on the basis of the above alternative, a circulation flue bypass is arranged between the air inlet flue and the air outlet flue, and during the shutdown of the catalytic denitration device, the central controller controls the electric heater to be started to heat circulation flue gas flowing in the air inlet flue and the air outlet flue, so that the carbon-based denitration catalyst in the denitration reactor is heated to reach an activity temperature when being started, thereby improving the denitration efficiency.
It should be noted that, in the following description,normal temperature of inlet flue gas of the inlet flue: 100-180 ℃; inlet flue gas pressure: 0 to 2.4 KPa; the content of NOx in the inlet flue gas is 500-1000 mg/Nm3(ii) a The normal temperature in the denitration reactor is 100-180 ℃; the NOx content in the outlet flue gas of the denitration reactor is<30mg/Nm3。
As shown in fig. 2, a control system of a catalytic denitration apparatus includes: a central controller 21, and an ammonia injection controller 22 connected to the central controller 21, wherein:
the central controller 21 is used for controlling the opening of the air inlet flue, controlling the starting of the ammonia spraying device, controlling the starting of the booster fan to convey the mixed flue gas and ammonia gas to the denitration reactor, controlling the opening of the exhaust valve to discharge the flue gas after catalytic denitration, and controlling the periodic opening of the sewage discharge channel to discharge sewage;
and the ammonia injection controller 22 is used for controlling the ammonia injection process of the ammonia injection device.
It should be noted that the temperature inside the denitration reactor should be controlled to be 140 to 160 ℃. This temperature is the high activity temperature region of the catalyst and ensures a higher conversion of NOx to N2. And detecting the denitrated purified flue gas by an NOx online detector, and discharging the denitrated purified flue gas into the atmosphere after reaching the standard.
In an optional scheme, can add ammonia cigarette static mixer between spouting ammonia device and denitration reactor, further guarantee the misce bene of flue gas and ammonia.
In an optional scheme, the ammonia spraying device comprises a liquid ammonia tank, an electric heating ammonia evaporator and an ammonia flow valve which are sequentially arranged on an ammonia gas supply passage, and further comprises an ammonia gas-air mixer connected with the ammonia gas supply passage, an air supply passage connected with the ammonia gas-air mixer, an air flow valve arranged on the air supply passage, and an ammonia spraying grid respectively connected with the ammonia gas-air mixer and an air inlet flue, wherein the ammonia spraying grid is connected with a booster fan;
and the ammonia spraying controller 22 is used for controlling opening of a valve of the liquid ammonia tank, starting the electrothermal ammonia evaporator to vaporize the liquid ammonia into ammonia gas, opening the air flow valve and the ammonia flow valve, and adjusting the opening degrees of the ammonia flow valve and the air flow valve to mix the ammonia gas and the air in the ammonia gas-air mixer to obtain ammonia spraying gas with required concentration.
It should be noted that the flue gas flow valve is arranged on the air intake flue, and it should be noted that the normal ammonia supply amount of the ammonia gas on the ammonia gas supply passage is 400L/h. The flue gas inlet flue is provided with a flue gas flow valve, the central controller controls the opening degree of the flue gas flow valve, the ammonia gas flow valve on the ammonia supply pipeline passage is interlocked with the flue gas flow valve on the flue gas inlet flue, and when NOx in inlet flue gas is increased, the ammonia gas flow valve increases the valve opening degree accordingly.
In an optional scheme, the catalytic denitration device further comprises a spraying device communicated with the top of the denitration reactor, and a catalyst temperature sensor used for detecting the temperature of the carbon-based denitration catalyst;
the central controller 21 is further configured to control the start of the spraying device to cool the denitration reactor when acquiring a signal that the temperature detected by one of the catalyst temperature sensors is higher than the upper limit value of the normal working temperature of the denitration reactor, and control the close of the spraying device when acquiring a signal that the temperatures detected by the two catalyst temperature sensors both reach the lower limit value of the normal working temperature of the denitration reactor after cooling.
In an optional scheme, the catalytic denitration device further comprises a flue gas temperature sensor arranged at a flue gas inlet, a circulating flue gas bypass arranged between the gas inlet flue and the gas outlet flue, and a flue gas heater arranged on the circulating flue gas bypass,
the central controller: and the flue gas temperature sensor is also used for controlling to open the circulating flue gas bypass and start the flue gas heater to supplement heat to the flue gas when detecting that the flue gas temperature is lower than the lower limit value of the standard temperature allowed for the flue gas to enter, and controlling to close the flue gas heater and stop heating the flue gas when detecting that the flue gas temperature reaches the upper limit value of the standard temperature allowed for the flue gas to enter after the heat supplement.
It should be noted that because the catalytic denitration device does not operate continuously, in order to ensure that the catalytic denitration device is a high-activity temperature zone of the catalyst when being started, on the basis of the above alternative, a circulating flue bypass is arranged between the gas inlet flue and the gas outlet flue;
the central controller: and the electric heater is controlled to be started to heat circulating flue gas flowing in the air inlet flue and the air outlet flue during the shutdown period of the catalytic denitration device, so that the carbon-based denitration catalyst in the denitration reactor is heated to reach the active temperature when being started, and the denitration efficiency is improved.
The invention also provides a storage medium which comprises a stored program, wherein the equipment where the storage medium is located is controlled to execute the control method of the catalytic denitration equipment in the invention when the program runs.
The invention also provides a processor for running the program, wherein the program is used for executing the control method of the catalytic denitration device.
The control method and the system of the catalytic denitration device can effectively improve the conversion rate of NOx to N2, efficiently control the industrial tail gas denitration process, and reduce the formation of acid rain and atmospheric pollution by detecting the purified flue gas after denitration by an NOx online detector to reach the standard and discharge the flue gas into the atmosphere.
The invention is further illustrated below by the operating settings of the control system:
before the control part is electrified, the driving power supply of the electric actuator is firstly disconnected (closed), so that the electric valve, the motor and the variable-frequency speed regulator have no power supply and can not be started to work, and the controller is ensured that messy codes can not be mistakenly operated when being electrified and reset.
The control system is controlled by the following keys when being started:
1. the ammonia spraying controller formally starts automatic ammonia spraying adjustment by pressing a RUN key, a number 4 and a V key under the SYS state.
2. The ammonia spraying controller presses a RUN key, then presses a number 1 and then presses a V-shaped key under the state of SYS, and the temperature programming is started.
3. The ammonia spraying controller presses an END key, a number 4 and a V key under the state of SYS to stop automatic ammonia spraying adjustment.
4. And (3) pressing an END key, then pressing a number 1 and then pressing a V key to stop the temperature programming of the ammonia injection controller under the state of SYS.
5. The central controller presses the "RUN" key in the "SYS" state:
firstly, resetting and restarting by pressing a V-shaped key instead of pressing a number key;
secondly, the keys of numbers 1, 2, 3 and 4 are pressed, and then the operation is started according to a V-shaped key.
And thirdly, the central controller informs the ammonia spraying controller of spraying ammonia.
It should be noted that the over-temperature alarm water spray controlled by the central controller is implemented by starting an over-temperature alarm sound when the temperature detected by the temperature sensor (TT102TT103) reaches a set temperature and spraying water to the catalytic bed. And (4) stopping denitration operation, directly conveying the flue gas to a chimney for discharging by transferring the flue gas to a bypass, and stopping water spraying when the temperature is reduced to a set lower limit. Waiting for the accident treatment and then restarting. Two temperature sensors (TT102TT103) are arranged in the catalytic bed, and when any one temperature sensor rises to a set upper limit, an alarm is started. When the temperature drops to a set lower limit. And only when the two sensors reach the set lower limit, the water spraying and the temperature reduction can be stopped. And a catalytic bed blowdown valve discharges blowdown at fixed time. In normal operation of the denitration system, the bottom valve of the catalytic bed must discharge sewage once at intervals. The denitration system is set to automatically circulate at an interval of one hour and after 2 minutes of pollution discharge. In normal operation, if the flue gas inlet temperature is too low, the controller can automatically start the heat compensation, and when the heat compensation temperature reaches a set upper limit value, the heating can be automatically stopped.
The central controller and the keyboard of the ammonia spraying controller are both shown in fig. 4.
In the central controller keyboard:
1. "PRA" key function-sensor parameter settings
a. The key of A and V is used for stepping and turning the top.
b. Parameters and control words can be modified by using number keys, · (decimal point), CLR (zero clearing) and the like.
2. "PDT" Key function-parameter setting
a. The key of A and V is used for stepping and turning the top.
b. Parameters and control words can be modified by using number keys, CLR (clear), and the like.
3. The 'VLC' key-board temperature display and correction, in the VLC display state, the 'ADP' key is pressed; in the "Ad" blinking state, the decimal place is modified by the-1, +1 keys and the unit place is modified by the-10, +10 keys. Pressing ADP key to quit correction and returning to VLC display state.
4. The "VIC" key-temperature, flow, pressure display and correction, in the display state, press the "ADP" key, allow to revise;
5. the "VPR" key-display includes a communication port status (transmit-receive status) display; displaying the state of a DO output control port; clocks-hour, minute, second display (not real time clocks, but timing after power reset above (soft clocks) for internal timer of controller. example: 10:50:30)
6. ERR key-display of controller error
If the instrument is turned on, it shows "Err5", indicating that program control has been terminated by a power outage. If the power off time is too long or the power is shut down artificially during the program control, the error report is given when the power is turned on again, and the original program control is continued.
When turned on, the display shows "Err6", which indicates that various data stored in the computer is lost due to some kind of failure. This failure is typically caused by the first power on or power down protection of the battery over time or by poor contact. When the failure occurs, all the storage units of the program data and the system correction data are automatically cleared, and the parameters are reset to the initial values at the time of shipment.
When the fault occurs, the device is shut down, and the cover is opened to check the battery voltage and installation condition of the device. If the voltage of the 3V button battery in the machine is less than 2V, the battery is replaced. The instrument has an automatic charging function, and the battery can be used for at least 1 year each time the instrument is replaced, unless the instrument is left unused for a long time.
After the stored data is lost, the functions of PRA, PDT and the like can be called to reset and recover, and the instrument can recover normal work again. In order to make this repair work easy, it is recommended that all data and parameter values in the machine be recorded on paper and stored well at ordinary times.
When turned on, an "Err7" is displayed indicating that the instrument has various hardware faults detectable by the microprocessor. These are usually failures that the user cannot eliminate. At this point the instrument should be returned to the factory for repair.
7. The "EDT" bond is unused; the "VPU" key is unused; the "END" bond is unused; the "CHE" bond was not used
In the ammonia injection controller keyboard:
function key
1. "PRA" key function-sensor parameter setting
a. The key of A and V is used for stepping and turning the top.
b. Parameters and control words can be modified by using number keys, · (decimal point), CLR (zero clearing) and the like.
2. "PDT" Key function-parameter setting
After the 'A-t' is modified, the 'SYS' key is pressed for storing, and then the 'RST' key is pressed for resetting to be effective.
a. The key of A and V is used for stepping and turning the top.
b. Parameters and control words can be modified by using number keys, CLR (clear), and the like.
3. "EDT" key function-controlling temperature, controlling concentration settings
The temperature control method is an example of three-stage program temperature control including preparation, temperature rise and constant temperature.
4. VLC key-board temperature display and correction; pressing ADP key in VLC display state; in the flashing state of the 'Ad' key, the decimal digits are modified by the-1 and +1 keys, and the unit digits are modified by the-10 and +10 keys.
5. VIC key-temp. display and correction
Pressing the "ADP" key in the display state allows modification
6. "VPR" key-display includes communication port status (Transmit-receive status) display; displaying the state of a DO output control port; clock-hour, minute, second display (not a real time clock, but the above power reset post-timer (soft clock) used as the controller internal timer.)
7. ERR key-display of controller error
If the instrument is turned on, it shows "Err5", indicating that program control has been terminated by a power outage. If the power off time is too long or the power is shut down artificially during the program control, the error report is given when the power is turned on again, and the original program control is continued.
When turned on, the display shows "Err6", which indicates that various data stored in the computer is lost due to some kind of failure. This failure is typically caused by the first power on or power down protection of the battery over time or by poor contact. When the failure occurs, all the storage units of the program data and the system correction data are automatically cleared, and the parameters are reset to the initial values at the time of shipment.
When the fault occurs, the device is shut down, and the cover is opened to check the battery voltage and installation condition of the device. If the voltage of the 3V button battery in the machine is less than 2V, the battery is replaced. The instrument has an automatic charging function, and the battery can be used for at least 1 year each time the instrument is replaced, unless the instrument is left unused for a long time.
After the stored data is lost, the functions of PRA, PDT and the like can be called to reset and recover, and the instrument can recover normal work again. In order to make this repair work easy, it is recommended that all data and parameter values in the machine be recorded on paper and stored well at ordinary times.
When turned on, an "Err7" is displayed indicating that the instrument has various hardware faults detectable by the microprocessor. These are usually failures that the user cannot eliminate. At this point the instrument should be returned to the factory for repair.
7. The "CHE" bond was not used.
The contents of the present invention have been explained above. Those skilled in the art will be able to implement the invention based on these teachings. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the above description without inventive step, shall fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A control method of a catalytic denitration device is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the catalytic denitration apparatus at least includes: the denitration device comprises an air inlet flue, an ammonia spraying device connected with the air inlet flue, a booster fan connected with the ammonia spraying device, a denitration reactor connected with the booster fan, an air outlet flue connected with an air outlet of the denitration reactor, and a sewage discharge channel communicated with the denitration reactor, wherein a carbon-based denitration catalyst is arranged in the denitration reactor;
opening an air inlet flue so that flue gas enters;
starting the ammonia spraying device to control the ammonia spraying device to spray ammonia gas serving as ammonia spraying gas;
starting a booster fan, and conveying the flue gas and ammonia gas to a denitration reactor;
after the mixed flue gas is subjected to catalytic denitration by a denitration reactor under the action of a carbon-based denitration catalyst, opening an air outlet flue so as to discharge the denitrated gas;
the sewage discharge channel is opened periodically to discharge sewage.
2. The method for controlling a catalytic denitration apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the ammonia injection device comprises a liquid ammonia tank, an electrothermal ammonia evaporator and an ammonia flow valve which are sequentially arranged on an ammonia gas supply passage, an ammonia gas-air mixer connected with the ammonia gas supply passage, an air supply passage connected with the ammonia gas-air mixer, an air flow valve arranged on the air supply passage, and an ammonia injection grid respectively connected with the ammonia gas-air mixer and an air inlet flue, and the ammonia injection grid is connected with a booster fan, the method comprising: and after the ammonia spraying device is started, a liquid ammonia tank valve is controlled to be opened, the electric heating ammonia evaporator is started to vaporize liquid ammonia into ammonia gas, an air flow valve is opened, and the ammonia gas and air are mixed to form ammonia spraying gas with required concentration in an ammonia gas-air mixer by adjusting the opening degrees of the ammonia gas flow valve and the air flow valve.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein one of the sections of the air supply path is located inside the denitration reactor.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the catalytic denitration apparatus further comprises a spraying device communicated with the top of the denitration reactor, and a catalyst temperature sensor for detecting the temperature of the carbon-based denitration catalyst, and the method further comprises the steps of starting the spraying device to cool the denitration reactor when the temperature detected by one of the catalyst temperature sensors is higher than the upper limit of the normal operation temperature of the denitration reactor, and closing the spraying device when the temperatures detected by the two catalyst temperature sensors reach the lower limit of the normal operation temperature of the denitration reactor after cooling.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the catalytic denitration apparatus further comprises a flue gas temperature sensor disposed at the flue gas inlet, a circulating flue gas bypass disposed between the inlet flue and the outlet flue, and a flue gas heater disposed on the circulating flue gas bypass, and the method further comprises: when the smoke temperature sensor detects that the smoke temperature is lower than the lower limit value of the standard temperature allowed to enter the smoke, the circulating smoke bypass is opened, the smoke heater is started to supplement heat to the smoke, and after heat supplement, when the smoke temperature sensor detects that the smoke temperature reaches the upper limit value of the standard temperature allowed to enter the smoke, the circulating smoke bypass is closed, and the smoke heater stops heating the smoke.
6. A control system of a catalytic denitration device is characterized in that,
the catalytic denitration apparatus includes: the denitration device comprises an air inlet flue, an ammonia spraying device connected with the air inlet flue, a booster fan connected with the ammonia spraying device, a denitration reactor connected with the booster fan, an air outlet flue connected with an air outlet of the denitration reactor, and a sewage discharge channel communicated with the denitration reactor, wherein a carbon-based denitration catalyst is arranged in the denitration reactor;
the control system comprises a central controller and an ammonia spraying controller connected with the central controller;
the central controller is used for controlling the opening of the air inlet flue, controlling the starting of the ammonia spraying device, controlling the starting of the booster fan to convey the mixed flue gas and ammonia gas to the denitration reactor, controlling the opening of the exhaust valve to discharge the flue gas after catalytic denitration, and controlling the periodic opening of the sewage discharge channel to discharge sewage;
and the ammonia spraying controller is used for controlling the ammonia spraying process of the ammonia spraying device.
7. The control system of catalytic denitration equipment according to claim 6, wherein the ammonia injection device comprises a liquid ammonia tank, an electrothermal ammonia evaporator and an ammonia flow valve which are sequentially arranged on an ammonia gas supply passage, and further comprises an ammonia gas-air mixer connected with the ammonia gas supply passage, an air supply passage connected with the ammonia gas-air mixer, an air flow valve arranged on the air supply passage, and an ammonia injection grid respectively connected with the ammonia gas-air mixer and the air inlet flue, wherein the ammonia injection grid is connected with a booster fan;
and the ammonia spraying controller is used for controlling opening of a valve of the liquid ammonia tank, starting the electric ammonia evaporator to vaporize the liquid ammonia into ammonia gas, opening the air flow valve and the ammonia flow valve, adjusting the opening degrees of the ammonia flow valve and the ammonia flow valve to mix the ammonia gas and the air into ammonia spraying gas with required concentration in the ammonia gas-air mixer.
8. The control system of a catalytic denitration apparatus of claim 6, further comprising a spray device communicating with the top of the denitration reactor, a catalyst temperature sensor for detecting the temperature of the carbon-based denitration catalyst;
the central controller is further used for controlling the spray device to be started to cool the denitration reactor when a signal that the temperature detected by one of the catalyst temperature sensors is higher than the upper limit value of the normal working temperature of the denitration reactor is acquired, and controlling the spray device to be closed when the signal that the temperatures detected by the two catalyst temperature sensors reach the lower limit value of the normal working temperature of the denitration reactor after the temperature is acquired.
9. The control system of a catalytic denitration apparatus of claim 6, further comprising a flue gas temperature sensor disposed at a flue gas inlet, a circulating flue gas bypass disposed between the inlet flue and the outlet flue, a flue gas heater disposed on the circulating flue gas bypass;
the central controller: and the flue gas temperature sensor is also used for controlling to open the circulating flue gas bypass and start the flue gas heater to supplement heat to the flue gas when detecting that the flue gas temperature is lower than the lower limit value of the standard temperature allowed for the flue gas to enter, and after the heat supplement, controlling to close the circulating flue gas bypass and stop the flue gas heater to heat the flue gas when detecting that the flue gas temperature reaches the upper limit value of the standard temperature allowed for the flue gas to enter.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN103007743A (en) * | 2012-12-13 | 2013-04-03 | 成都东方凯特瑞环保催化剂有限责任公司 | SCR (Selective Catalytic Reduction) denitrification device for flue gas of glass kiln |
| CN105879673A (en) * | 2014-09-24 | 2016-08-24 | 北京美斯顿科技开发有限公司 | Steel mill coke oven flue gas denitration method and device |
| WO2021082828A1 (en) * | 2019-10-28 | 2021-05-06 | 国家电投集团远达环保工程有限公司重庆科技分公司 | Selective catalytic reduction denitrification device and method |
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Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103007743A (en) * | 2012-12-13 | 2013-04-03 | 成都东方凯特瑞环保催化剂有限责任公司 | SCR (Selective Catalytic Reduction) denitrification device for flue gas of glass kiln |
| CN105879673A (en) * | 2014-09-24 | 2016-08-24 | 北京美斯顿科技开发有限公司 | Steel mill coke oven flue gas denitration method and device |
| WO2021082828A1 (en) * | 2019-10-28 | 2021-05-06 | 国家电投集团远达环保工程有限公司重庆科技分公司 | Selective catalytic reduction denitrification device and method |
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