CN113661891B - Breeding method for rapid sweet potato hybridization optimization - Google Patents
Breeding method for rapid sweet potato hybridization optimization Download PDFInfo
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- CN113661891B CN113661891B CN202111085788.7A CN202111085788A CN113661891B CN 113661891 B CN113661891 B CN 113661891B CN 202111085788 A CN202111085788 A CN 202111085788A CN 113661891 B CN113661891 B CN 113661891B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/25—Root crops, e.g. potatoes, yams, beet or wasabi
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H1/00—Processes for modifying genotypes ; Plants characterised by associated natural traits
- A01H1/02—Methods or apparatus for hybridisation; Artificial pollination ; Fertility
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
- A01N65/08—Magnoliopsida [dicotyledons]
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of sweet potato breeding, in particular to a breeding method for quickly optimizing sweet potato hybridization, which comprises the following steps: screening parents, preparing samples, promoting growth, carrying out isolated propagation, carrying out propagation, harvesting hybrid seeds and harvesting target seeds. Aiming at the problems of self-sterile, complicated genetic background and poor breeding purposiveness caused by lack of pure lines of the sweet potatoes, the invention establishes a super-parent group with a certain special character, selects the strains of different groups according to the breeding target to carry out group combination, improves the purposiveness of parent selection and cross breeding and improves the breeding efficiency.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of sweet potato breeding, in particular to a breeding method for rapid sweet potato hybridization optimization.
Background
Sweet potato, also known as sweet potato, is a twisted grass vine of Dioscorea of Dioscoreaceae. The sweet potato is a cross-pollinated crop, is self-bred and infertile, and the offspring characters bred by the seeds are very inconsistent, and the yield is low. Therefore, sexual reproduction is rarely adopted in production besides outcrossing breeding. Because the regeneration capability of the nutritive organs such as the tuberous roots, the stems and the tendrils of the sweet potatoes is stronger and the fine variety characters can be kept, the vegetative propagation of the tuberous roots, the stems and the tendrils, the potato tips and the like is adopted in production.
In the process of cultivating hybrid seeds, a large amount of seeds are required to improve and exploit the advantages and disadvantages of the cultivated seeds, so that there are certain requirements for the flowering rate and the maturing rate of sweet potatoes, and in the planting process, certain measures are required to perform water locking treatment in order to prevent excessive volatilization of soil moisture. Therefore, we propose a breeding method for sweet potato hybridization with rapid optimization to solve the above problems.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the defects in the prior art and provides a breeding method for rapid sweet potato hybridization optimization.
A rapid sweet potato hybridization optimization breeding method comprises the following steps:
s1, sweet potato germplasm is classified according to a breeding target, and 6-12 parents with excellent comprehensive properties are screened from sweet potatoes of the same germplasm for random assembly;
s2, spraying growth promoting liquid on base parts of the seedling vines of each parent potato seedling before planting, then planting the seedling vines in combination at random, planting two lines in each furrow, wherein the plant distance is 25-30 cm, watering is carried out in time after planting, after survival, a bamboo pole is adopted for the seedling vines to climb, and necessary drought stress is adopted for inducing blooming;
s3, carrying out 8-hour light treatment every day by using a dark treatment device for 25-30 days, covering the parents with a 40-mesh insect-proof net after buds exist, randomly pollinating the parents by using bees inside, harvesting mature seeds, and shelling the seeds for later use after mixing;
s4, breaking the shells of the seeds by concentrated sulfuric acid, accelerating germination in a culture dish at 25 ℃, transplanting the seeds into a vermiculite matrix after white roots grow out, growing the seedlings to be more than 10cm, randomly selecting 200 strains for stem section propagation, and propagating 4 strains in each strain;
s5, identifying the specific characters of the strains propagated in the step S4, selecting the first 10 super-parent strains and 2-4 excellent parents in the S1, carrying out 3-5 rounds of repeated hybridization according to the method of the steps S2-S4, stopping hybridization when the super-parent proportion of the specific characters of the 200 strains propagated is more than 70%, and reserving the super-parent strains of the final generation as the backbone parents with gene accumulation effect;
s6, selecting 8-10 of two types of super parent strains according to the germplasm type indexes in the step S1, performing intra-group hybridization according to the method in the steps S2-S6, and selecting strains with outstanding two types of characters from hybrid progeny strains, namely target strains for breeding sweet potato varieties;
the growth promoting liquid is prepared by mixing the following raw materials: 25-500 mg of plantain herb extract, 6-18 g of H-10 resin, 5-20 g of diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate and 0.2-1.5 g of sodium hexametaphosphate, and water is added to the mixture to ensure that the volume is 1000mL.
Preferably, in S5, the specific traits are starch content, carotene content, root rot resistance and tendril length.
Preferably, in S1, the germplasm classification of the sweet potato comprises one or more of high starch, storage resistance, short vines, high carotene and high root rot resistance.
Preferably, the preparation method of the plantain herb extracting solution comprises the following steps: washing, drying and crushing the plantain, extracting the plantain for 3 to 4 days at normal temperature by using 95 percent alcohol to obtain extract liquor, centrifuging the extract liquor, distilling the extract liquor at 50 ℃ under reduced pressure, evaporating the alcohol in the extract liquor, and then using distilled water to fix the volume to 1g/mL to obtain the plantain extract liquor.
Preferably, the mass ratio of the plantain herb to the alcohol is 10.
Preferably, in S6, backbone parents with a single trait gene aggregated are created, and in a breeding application, the backbone parents can be combined with backbone parents with another trait as complementary parents, thereby improving the breeding purpose and efficiency.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. in the invention, the plantain is extracted to prepare the solution and is used as the growth promoting solution to spray on the seedling vines, so that cytokinin extracted from the plantain permeates into the seedling vines, the flowering and fruiting of the plantain are promoted, and the maturing rate is improved.
2. In the invention, by adding H-10 resin as growth promoting liquid, the seedling vines can absorb surrounding water in the growth process, and form hydrogel to lock water, so that excessive loss of root water is prevented.
3. In the invention, by sampling and quality identification of the propagation seedling plants, super-parental lines with high quality characters can be screened out, and finally, a large batch of seedling plants with target characters can be obtained.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further illustrated with reference to the following specific examples.
In all the following examples and comparative examples, ji potato 98, ji potato 65, xushu 18, shang potato 19 and Yushu 13 were selected as parents, ji potato 98, ji potato 65, xushu 18, shanshu 19 and Yushu 13 were high-starch germplasm;
example 1:
the growth promoting liquid is prepared by mixing the following raw materials: 25mg of plantain herb extracting solution, 6g of H-10 resin, 5g of diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate and 0.2g of sodium hexametaphosphate, and water is added to the mixture until the volume is 1000mL.
Example 2:
the growth promoting liquid is prepared by mixing the following raw materials: 235mg of plantain extract, 12g of H-10 resin, 14g of diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate and 0.9g of sodium hexametaphosphate, and water is added to the mixture until the volume is 1000mL.
Example 3:
the growth promoting liquid is prepared by mixing the following raw materials: 500mg of plantain herb extract, 18g of H-10 resin, 20g of diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate and 1.5g of sodium hexametaphosphate, and water is added to the mixture until the volume is 1000mL.
In the above examples 1 to 3, the H-10 resin was selected from New Zea Zeta materials science and technology (Shanghai) Co., ltd, and the cross breeding of sweet potato group was carried out by the following steps:
s1, sweet potato germplasm is classified according to a breeding target, and 6-12 parents with excellent comprehensive properties are screened from sweet potatoes of the same germplasm for random assembly;
s2, spraying growth promoting liquid on base parts of the seedling vines of each parent potato seedling before planting, then planting the seedling vines in combination at random, planting two lines in each furrow, wherein the plant distance is 25-30 cm, watering is carried out in time after planting, after survival, a bamboo pole is adopted for the seedling vines to climb, and necessary drought stress is adopted for inducing blooming;
s3, carrying out 8-hour light treatment every day by using a dark treatment device for 25-30 days, covering the parents with a 40-mesh insect-proof net after buds exist, randomly pollinating the parents by using bees inside, harvesting mature seeds, and shelling the seeds for later use after mixing;
s4, breaking the shells of the seeds by concentrated sulfuric acid, accelerating germination in a culture dish at 25 ℃, transplanting the seeds into a vermiculite matrix after the white roots grow out, growing the seedlings to be more than 10cm, randomly selecting 200 strains for stem section propagation, and propagating 4 strains in each strain;
s5, identifying the specific characters of the strains propagated in the step S4, selecting the first 10 super-parent strains and 2-4 excellent parents in the S1, carrying out 3-5 rounds of repeated hybridization according to the method of the steps S2-S4, stopping hybridization when the super-parent proportion of the specific characters of the 200 strains propagated is more than 70%, and reserving the super-parent strains of the final generation as the backbone parents with gene accumulation effect;
s6, selecting 8-10 of two types of super parent strains according to the germplasm type indexes in the step S1, performing intra-group hybridization according to the method in the steps S2-S6, and selecting strains with outstanding two types of characters from hybrid progeny strains, namely target strains for breeding sweet potato varieties;
the growth promoting liquid is prepared by mixing the following raw materials: 25-500 mg of plantain herb extract, 6-18 g of H-10 resin, 5-20 g of diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate and 0.2-1.5 g of sodium hexametaphosphate, and water is added to the mixture to reach the constant volume of 1000mL.
Test one: determination of sweet potato breeding flowering time and fruiting rate
Comparative example 1:
the growth promoting liquid is prepared by mixing the following raw materials: 6g of H-10 resin, 5g of diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate and 0.2g of sodium hexametaphosphate, and adding water to a constant volume of 1000mL.
Comparative example 2:
the growth promoting liquid is prepared by mixing the following raw materials: 12g of H-10 resin, 14g of diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate and 0.9g of sodium hexametaphosphate, and adding water to a constant volume of 1000mL.
Comparative example 3:
the growth promoting liquid is prepared by mixing the following raw materials: 18g of H-10 resin, 20g of diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate and 1.5g of sodium hexametaphosphate, and adding water to a constant volume of 1000mL.
In the above comparative examples 1 to 3, the H-10 resin was selected from New Zea Zeta materials science and technology (Shanghai) Co., ltd, and the cross breeding of sweet potato group was carried out by the following steps:
s1, sweet potato germplasm is classified according to a breeding target, and 6-12 parents with excellent comprehensive properties are screened from sweet potatoes of the same germplasm for random assembly;
s2, spraying growth promoting liquid on base parts of the seedling vines of each parent potato seedling before planting, then planting the seedling vines in combination at random, planting two lines in each furrow, wherein the plant distance is 25-30 cm, watering is carried out in time after planting, after survival, a bamboo pole is adopted for the seedling vines to climb, and necessary drought stress is adopted for inducing blooming;
s3, adopting a dark treatment device to carry out illumination treatment for 8 hours per day for 25-30 days, covering the parents with a 40-mesh insect-proof net after buds exist, randomly pollinating the interior by adopting honeybees, harvesting mature seeds, and shelling the seeds for later use after mixing;
s4, breaking the shells of the seeds by concentrated sulfuric acid, accelerating germination in a culture dish at 25 ℃, transplanting the seeds into a vermiculite matrix after the white roots grow out, growing the seedlings to be more than 10cm, randomly selecting 200 strains for stem section propagation, and propagating 4 strains in each strain;
s5, identifying the specific characters of the strains propagated in the step S4, selecting the first 10 super-parent strains and 2-4 excellent parents in the S1, carrying out 3-5 rounds of repeated hybridization according to the method of the steps S2-S4, stopping hybridization when the super-parent proportion of the specific characters of the 200 strains propagated is more than 70%, and reserving the super-parent strains of the final generation as the backbone parents with gene accumulation effect;
and S6, selecting 8-10 super parent strains according to the germplasm type indexes in the step S1, performing intragroup hybridization according to the method in the steps S2-S6, and selecting strains with outstanding two types of characters from hybrid progeny strains, namely target strains for breeding sweet potato varieties.
The breeding processes in examples 1 to 3 and comparative examples 1 to 3 were observed in real time, and the time to initial flowering and the seed set percentage were recorded and filled in the following table:
as can be seen from the above results, in the breeding process of sweet potatoes in examples 1-3, the sprayed growth promoting liquid contains the extract of plantain herb, while the sprayed growth promoting liquid does not contain the extract of plantain herb in comparative examples 1-3, however, the extract of plantain herb is rich in cytokinin, and can permeate into the stems and leaves of the seedlings to promote flowering and fruiting and improve the maturing rate.
And (2) test II: determination of soil moisture of the location where sweet potatoes are planted
Comparative example 4:
the growth promoting liquid is prepared by mixing the following raw materials: 25mg of plantain herb extracting solution, 5g of diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate, 0.2g of sodium hexametaphosphate and water are added to the mixture to reach the constant volume of 1000mL.
Comparative example 5:
the growth promoting liquid is prepared by mixing the following raw materials: extracting plantain herb with 235mg, diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate with 14g, sodium hexametaphosphate with 0.9g, and adding water to reach the volume of 1000mL.
Comparative example 6:
the growth promoting liquid is prepared by mixing the following raw materials: 500mg of plantain herb extract, 20g of diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate and 1.5g of sodium hexametaphosphate, and water is added to the mixture to reach the constant volume of 1000mL.
In each of comparative examples 4 to 6, cross breeding of sweet potato gene was carried out by the following steps:
s1, sweet potato germplasm is classified according to a breeding target, and 6-12 parents with excellent comprehensive properties are screened from sweet potatoes of the same germplasm for random assembly;
s2, spraying growth promoting liquid on base parts of the seedling vines of each parent potato seedling before planting, then planting the seedling vines in combination at random, planting two lines in each furrow, wherein the plant distance is 25-30 cm, watering is carried out in time after planting, after survival, a bamboo pole is adopted for the seedling vines to climb, and necessary drought stress is adopted for inducing blooming;
s3, adopting a dark treatment device to carry out illumination treatment for 8 hours per day for 25-30 days, covering the parents with a 40-mesh insect-proof net after buds exist, randomly pollinating the interior by adopting honeybees, harvesting mature seeds, and shelling the seeds for later use after mixing;
s4, breaking the shells of the seeds by concentrated sulfuric acid, accelerating germination in a culture dish at 25 ℃, transplanting the seeds into a vermiculite matrix after the white roots grow out, growing the seedlings to be more than 10cm, randomly selecting 200 strains for stem section propagation, and propagating 4 strains in each strain;
s5, identifying the specific characters of the strains propagated in the step S4, selecting the first 10 super-parent strains and 2-4 excellent parents in the S1, carrying out 3-5 rounds of repeated hybridization according to the method of the steps S2-S4, stopping hybridization when the super-parent proportion of the specific characters of the 200 strains propagated in the step S2-S4 is stable and exceeds 70%, and reserving the super-parent strains of the final generation as backbone parents with gene accumulation effect;
and S6, selecting 8-10 super parent strains according to the germplasm type indexes in the step S1, performing intragroup hybridization according to the method in the steps S2-S6, and selecting strains with outstanding two types of characters from hybrid progeny strains, namely target strains for breeding sweet potato varieties.
The preparation method of the plantain herb extract comprises the following steps: cleaning herba plantaginis, oven drying, pulverizing, extracting with 95% ethanol at room temperature for 3 days to obtain extractive solution, centrifuging, distilling at 50 deg.C under reduced pressure, evaporating ethanol in the extractive solution, and diluting with distilled water to desired volume of 1g/mL to obtain herba plantaginis extractive solution; in the preparation process, the mass ratio of the plantain herb to the alcohol is 10.
The sweet potato breeding fields of examples 1 to 3 and comparative examples 4 to 6 were subjected to moisture detection, and the moisture in each planting field was measured with a soil moisture meter for a period of 3 to 5 pm on weekdays each week, and the results are recorded in the following table:
as can be seen from the above test results, the growth promoting liquids sprayed in the breeding processes of sweet potatoes in examples 1 to 3 contained H-10 resin, but did not contain the growth promoting liquids in comparative examples 4 to 6, and from the final moisture measurement results, the addition of H-10 resin has the effect of moisture retention and water retention, and can slow down the rate of water loss in the soil.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art should be considered to be within the technical scope of the present invention, and the technical solutions and the inventive concepts thereof according to the present invention should be equivalent or changed within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. A breeding method for rapid sweet potato hybridization optimization is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, sweet potato germplasm is classified according to a breeding target, and 6-12 parents with excellent comprehensive properties are screened from sweet potatoes of the same germplasm for random assembly;
s2, spraying growth promoting liquid on base parts of the seedling vines of each parent potato seedling before planting, then planting the seedling vines in combination at random, planting two lines in each furrow, wherein the plant distance is 25-30 cm, watering is carried out in time after planting, after survival, a bamboo pole is adopted for the seedling vines to climb, and necessary drought stress is adopted for inducing blooming;
s3, adopting a dark treatment device to carry out illumination treatment for 8 hours per day for 25-30 days, covering the parents with a 40-mesh insect-proof net after buds exist, randomly pollinating the interior by adopting honeybees, harvesting mature seeds, and shelling the seeds for later use after mixing;
s4, breaking the shells of the seeds by concentrated sulfuric acid, accelerating germination in a culture dish at 25 ℃, transplanting the seeds into a vermiculite matrix after the white roots grow out, growing the seedlings to be more than 10cm, randomly selecting 200 strains for stem section propagation, and propagating 4 strains in each strain;
s5, identifying the specific characters of the strains propagated in the step S4, selecting the first 10 super-parent strains and 2-4 excellent parents in the S1, carrying out 3-5 rounds of repeated hybridization according to the method of the steps S2-S4, stopping hybridization when the super-parent proportion of the specific characters of the 200 strains propagated is more than 70%, and reserving the super-parent strains of the final generation as the backbone parents with gene accumulation effect;
s6, selecting 8-10 of two types of super parent strains according to the germplasm type indexes in the step S1, performing intra-group hybridization according to the method in the steps S2-S6, and selecting strains with outstanding two types of characters from hybrid progeny strains, namely target strains for breeding sweet potato varieties;
the growth promoting liquid is prepared by mixing the following raw materials: 25-500 mg of plantain extract, 6-18 g of H-10 resin, 5-20 g of diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate and 0.2-1.5 g of sodium hexametaphosphate, and water is added to the mixture to reach the constant volume of 1000mL;
in the S6, a backbone parent for realizing polymerization of a gene with a single character is created, and can be matched with a backbone parent with another character as a complementary parent in breeding application, so that the breeding purpose and efficiency are improved.
2. A breeding method for sweet potato hybridization fast optimization according to claim 1, characterized in that in S5, the specific trait is starch content.
3. A breeding method for sweet potato hybridization rapid optimization according to claim 1, characterized in that in S1, the germplasm of sweet potato is high starch.
4. The breeding method for sweet potato hybridization rapid optimization according to claim 1, wherein the preparation method of the plantain herb extract comprises the following steps: washing, drying and crushing the plantain, extracting the plantain for 3 to 4 days at normal temperature by using 95 percent alcohol to obtain extract liquor, centrifuging the extract liquor, distilling the extract liquor at 50 ℃ under reduced pressure, evaporating the alcohol in the extract liquor, and then using distilled water to fix the volume to 1g/mL to obtain the plantain extract liquor.
5. The breeding method for rapid sweet potato hybridization optimization according to claim 1, wherein the mass ratio of the plantain herb to the alcohol is 10.
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| CN102405826A (en) * | 2011-08-02 | 2012-04-11 | 河北省农林科学院粮油作物研究所 | Method for breeding inbred line by using sweet potato special materials |
| JP2016032433A (en) * | 2014-07-30 | 2016-03-10 | 株式会社フローラ | Method for increasing the content of carotenoids in plants, carotenoid content increasing agent, and plant making method |
| CN109105253A (en) * | 2018-08-30 | 2019-01-01 | 河北省农林科学院粮油作物研究所 | A kind of breeding method of sweet potato runoff catchment |
| CN110249999A (en) * | 2019-07-24 | 2019-09-20 | 河北省农林科学院粮油作物研究所 | A method of improving sweet potato sexual hybridization efficiency |
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| CN102405826A (en) * | 2011-08-02 | 2012-04-11 | 河北省农林科学院粮油作物研究所 | Method for breeding inbred line by using sweet potato special materials |
| JP2016032433A (en) * | 2014-07-30 | 2016-03-10 | 株式会社フローラ | Method for increasing the content of carotenoids in plants, carotenoid content increasing agent, and plant making method |
| CN109105253A (en) * | 2018-08-30 | 2019-01-01 | 河北省农林科学院粮油作物研究所 | A kind of breeding method of sweet potato runoff catchment |
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