CN113661806B - Multipurpose air-suction type mixed bean precision planter and sowing test device - Google Patents
Multipurpose air-suction type mixed bean precision planter and sowing test device Download PDFInfo
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- CN113661806B CN113661806B CN202111121036.1A CN202111121036A CN113661806B CN 113661806 B CN113661806 B CN 113661806B CN 202111121036 A CN202111121036 A CN 202111121036A CN 113661806 B CN113661806 B CN 113661806B
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- 244000046052 Phaseolus vulgaris Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 72
- 235000010627 Phaseolus vulgaris Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 71
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 56
- 238000009331 sowing Methods 0.000 title claims description 75
- 238000010899 nucleation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 240000001931 Ludwigia octovalvis Species 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 58
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 29
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims description 28
- 238000007667 floating Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 210000004907 gland Anatomy 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010030 laminating Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 244000068988 Glycine max Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000010469 Glycine max Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 11
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 10
- 238000007790 scraping Methods 0.000 description 8
- 241000721671 Ludwigia Species 0.000 description 5
- 238000012797 qualification Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000002513 implantation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000013508 migration Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000005012 migration Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000006228 supernatant Substances 0.000 description 4
- 108010016634 Seed Storage Proteins Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 241001107116 Castanospermum australe Species 0.000 description 1
- 240000004922 Vigna radiata Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000010721 Vigna radiata var radiata Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000011469 Vigna radiata var sublobata Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000021279 black bean Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000021332 kidney beans Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000013011 mating Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008092 positive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C7/00—Sowing
- A01C7/04—Single-grain seeders with or without suction devices
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C7/00—Sowing
- A01C7/20—Parts of seeders for conducting and depositing seed
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M99/00—Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
- G01M99/005—Testing of complete machines, e.g. washing-machines or mobile phones
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Sowing (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a multipurpose air-suction type mixed bean precision seeder and a seeding test device, relates to the technical field of agricultural machinery, solves the problems that the seeder has poor adaptability to mixed beans of different varieties and sizes, cannot realize one machine for multiple purposes, has low utilization rate, low mechanization degree, low operation efficiency, low seeding precision, complex structure, non-universality and the like, and comprises the following steps: the device comprises a trolley and a test bench, wherein the lower surface of the trolley is connected with the test bench through a trolley driving wheel and a trolley driven wheel, a pneumatic seed metering device and a seed feeding device connected with the pneumatic seed metering device are arranged in the trolley, the upper surface of the trolley is connected with a seed box, one side of the trolley is connected with a control box, the other side of the trolley is connected with a negative pressure fan, and the negative pressure fan is connected with the pneumatic seed metering device through an air pipe.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural machinery, in particular to a multipurpose air-aspiration type hybrid bean precision seeder and a seeding test device.
Background
The sowing of the miscellaneous beans such as soybeans, kidney beans, mung beans, small beans, black beans and the like is still stopped at the lag phase of the combined use of manpower, animal power and a sowing machine, the breakthrough must be made one by one aiming at each key technology, the precise sowing process of the miscellaneous beans is a system engineering, and comprises three main links of sowing, seed feeding and implantation, and all links are closely related and mutually influenced. To obtain higher sowing performance, namely good qualification index, rebroadcast index, miss-seeding index, seed spacing variation coefficient and the like, the precision of each link must be pursued, so that the sowing level of each link must be improved.
The existing seeder has poor adaptability to different varieties and different sizes of mixed beans, can not realize multiple purposes, a seed guide pipe of the seeder can not meet the accurate conveying requirement of seeds during high-speed sowing, a novel seed delivery mechanism suitable for high-speed sowing operation is needed, a seed conveying device based on a secondary seed feeding method is an important means for ensuring uniform sowing grain distance for high-speed sowing, and brush type and conveying belt type seed guiding devices are invented abroad for improving the sowing quality of high-speed operation, but the problems of complex structure, non-universality and the like seriously restrict the formation of the production scale of the mixed beans.
In summary, the current seeder has the problems of low utilization rate, low mechanization degree, complex structure, low operation efficiency, low seeding precision, non-universality among different types of beans and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems of low utilization rate, low mechanical degree, complex structure, low operation efficiency, low sowing precision, non-universality among different types of beans and the like of the current sowing machine, the invention aims to provide a multipurpose air-suction type mixed bean precision sowing test device.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
A multipurpose air-aspiration type beans precision planter, comprising: the seed metering device 3 is inhaled to the air, throws kind of device 9, kind of case 4, control box 1 and negative pressure fan 6, and the below of inhaling kind of device 3 is equipped with throw kind of device 9, and the upper end of inhaling kind of device 3 is connected with kind of case 4, and inhaling kind of device 3 and negative pressure fan 6 pass through tuber pipe 5 to be connected, inhale kind of device 3 negative pressure fan 6 with throw kind of device 9 all with control box 1 is connected, and inhale kind of device 3 includes: the seed metering passive plate 40 and the seed metering initiative dish 41 that coaxial and mutual laminating set up are followed seed metering initiative dish 41 circumferencial direction is equipped with a plurality of second through-holes, follows seed metering passive plate 40 circumferencial direction is equipped with a plurality of first through-holes, each first through-hole with one second through-hole Kong Gewei forms one and miscellaneous beans assorted hole, seed feeding device 9 includes: the seed metering device comprises a first chain wheel 98, a second chain wheel 99 and a first chain 96, wherein the first chain 96 surrounds the first chain wheel 98 and the second chain wheel 99, each section of chain link of the first chain 96 is connected with a seed spoon 97, and the first chain wheel 98 and the seed disk driving shaft chain wheel 38 of the air suction seed metering device 3 are connected through the second chain 92.
The multipurpose air-suction type hybrid bean precision planter, wherein the air-suction seed sowing device 3 further comprises: the seed metering device comprises a pneumatic seed metering device shell 35, a pneumatic seed metering device shell end cover 36 and a seed disc driving shaft 37, wherein the pneumatic seed metering device shell 35 and the pneumatic seed metering device shell end cover 36 are connected in a surrounding mode to form a containing cavity, the seed disc driving shaft 37 is installed in a first through hole of the pneumatic seed metering device shell 35, a seed metering driven disc 40 and a seed metering driving disc 41 are arranged in the containing cavity, the seed metering driven disc 40 and the seed metering driving disc 41 are connected with one end of the seed disc driving shaft 37, the other end of the seed disc driving shaft 37 is connected with a seed disc driving shaft sprocket 38, an air pipe 5 is connected with the pneumatic seed metering device shell end cover 36, and the seed box 4 is communicated with the containing cavity.
The multipurpose air-suction type hybrid bean precision planter, wherein the air-suction seed sowing device 3 further comprises: seed cavity stirring wheel 39 and unload kind of piece 42, be connected with on the air-aspiration seed metering ware casing 35 unload kind of piece 42, be connected with seed cavity stirring wheel 39 on the air-aspiration seed metering ware casing end cover 36, be equipped with the cylinder arch on the seed metering driving plate 41, seed metering driving plate 41 passes through the cylinder arch drives seed cavity stirring wheel 39 rotates.
The multipurpose air-suction type hybrid bean precision planter, wherein the air-suction seed sowing device 3 further comprises: the gland 31, the adjusting knob 32 and the lower eccentric seed cleaning rod 33, the middle part of the lower eccentric seed cleaning rod 33 is arranged in the second through hole of the air suction seed metering device shell 35, one end of the lower eccentric seed cleaning rod 33 is connected with the adjusting knob 32, the other end of the lower eccentric seed cleaning rod 33 is operably propped against the seed metering driving disc 41, and the gland 31 is connected with the air suction seed metering device shell 35.
The multipurpose air-suction type hybrid bean precision planter, wherein the air-suction seed sowing device 3 further comprises: a seed-cleaning mechanism 34 connected to the air-suction seed-metering device housing 35, the seed-cleaning mechanism 34 comprising: the seed cleaning mechanism comprises a seed cleaning mechanism fixing plate 351, a seed cleaning gap adjustment eccentric plate 352, a seed cleaning tongue floating spring piece 356 and a seed cleaning tongue 357, wherein the seed cleaning mechanism fixing plate 351, the seed cleaning gap adjustment eccentric plate 352 and the seed cleaning tongue floating spring piece 356 are connected with the air suction seed metering device shell 35 through a hexagonal bolt 355 and a hexagonal nut 353, a cylindrical helical compression spring 354 is sleeved on the hexagonal bolt 355, and the seed cleaning tongue 357 is connected with the seed cleaning tongue floating spring piece 356.
The multipurpose air-sucking type hybrid bean precision planter is characterized in that the seed-metering passive plate 40 and the seed-metering active plate 41 are connected through at least two screws and nuts, and the seed-metering passive plate 40 is operatively rotated relative to the seed-metering active plate 41.
The above-mentioned multi-purpose air-aspiration type precision planter for beans, wherein, the cover is equipped with the axle sleeve on the lower eccentric seed-cleaning pole 33, be equipped with an annular spacing frid in the second through-hole of air-aspiration seed-metering ware casing 35, a side of axle sleeve support in annular spacing frid, still overlap on the lower eccentric seed-cleaning pole 33 and be equipped with spring portion, spring portion's one end support in gland 31, spring portion's the other end support in the other side of axle sleeve.
The above-mentioned multi-purpose air-aspiration type miscellaneous beans precision planter, wherein, throw kind device 9 still includes: the cover 95 is provided with an opening at the upper part of the cover 95, the opening is arranged below the seed discharging block 42, and the first sprocket 98 and the second sprocket 99 are arranged in the cover 95.
The multipurpose air-sucking type precision bean seeder comprises a plurality of seed scoops 97 on a first chain 96, wherein the seed scoops 97 are sequentially arranged end to end, the first chain 96 rotates on a first chain wheel 98 and a second chain wheel 99 in an operable mode along the direction of the spoon bottom of each seed scoop 97, and each section of chain link of the first chain 96 is connected with one seed scoop 97 through a pair of mutually matched screw nuts.
The utility model provides a multi-purpose air-aspiration type miscellaneous beans precision seeding experimental apparatus, includes foretell multi-purpose air-aspiration type miscellaneous beans precision planter, wherein, still includes: the test bench 10 and locate the dolly 2 of test bench 10 upper surface, the seed metering ware 3 is inhaled to the air the seed metering device 9 the control box 1 with negative pressure fan 6 all with dolly 2 is connected, the lower surface of dolly is connected with through control box 1 driven dolly driving wheel 7 and dolly follower 11, the dolly passes through dolly driving wheel 7 with dolly follower 11 with test bench 10 operatively swing joint, each bight of test bench 10 lower surface and one have brake equipment's universal wheel 8 to be connected.
The invention adopts the technology, so that compared with the prior art, the invention has the positive effects that:
(1) According to the invention, the size of the holes of the seed metering device is adjusted to meet the sowing requirements of the mixed beans with different specifications, and the overlapping angle of the driving disc and the driven disc of the seed metering disc with the square holes is adjusted, so that the adjustable size of the holes of the seed metering device is realized, seeds with different sizes can be sown, and one machine is multipurpose;
(2) The invention completes five main links of seed filling, seed scraping, seed guiding, seed feeding and implantation in a coordinated way through the air suction seed metering device and the seed feeding device, does not need a great deal of manpower and animal power, reduces labor cost and time cost, and has high mechanical degree, high operation efficiency and high sowing precision.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a multipurpose air-aspiration type precision seeding test device for beans.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a multipurpose air-aspiration type device for precision sowing of beans.
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural view of a seed feeding device of the multipurpose air-aspiration type hybrid bean precision seeding test device.
Fig. 4 is a schematic structural view of an air-sucking seed metering device of the multipurpose air-sucking type mixed bean precision seeding test device.
FIG. 5 is a side view of a suction seed metering device of the multipurpose suction type beans precision seeding test device of the present invention.
FIG. 6 is an enlarged view of a portion of an air-aspiration seed metering device of the multipurpose air-aspiration type beans precision seeding test device of the present invention.
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of the hole of the air-suction seed metering device of the multipurpose air-suction type hybrid bean precision seeding test device.
FIG. 8 is a front view of a seed discharging block of the multipurpose air-aspiration type beans precision sowing test device of the present invention.
FIG. 9 is a side view of a seed discharging block of the multipurpose air-aspiration type beans precision sowing test device of the present invention.
Fig. 10 is a front view of a seed scoop of the multipurpose air-aspiration type precision seeding test device for beans.
FIG. 11 is a side view of a seed scoop of a multipurpose air-aspiration type precision seeding test device for beans.
Fig. 12 is a schematic structural view of a seed metering driving disc of the multipurpose air-sucking type hybrid bean precision seeding test device.
Fig. 13 is a schematic structural view of a seed metering passive disc of the multipurpose air-aspiration type hybrid bean precision seeding test device.
FIG. 14 is a schematic structural view of a supernatant mechanism of the multipurpose air-aspiration type device for precision sowing of beans according to the present invention.
FIG. 15 is a schematic top view of the supernatant mechanism of the multipurpose air-aspiration type precision seed-metering test device for beans according to the present invention.
Fig. 16 is a schematic structural view of a fixing plate of a supernatant mechanism of the multipurpose air-sucking type precision seeding test device for beans.
Fig. 17 is a schematic structural view of a seed cleaning tongue floating spring piece of a seed cleaning mechanism of the multipurpose air-sucking type seed cleaning bean precision seeding test device.
Fig. 18 is a schematic view of the structure of the seed cleaning tongue of the seed cleaning mechanism of the multipurpose air-aspiration type seed cleaning bean precision seeding test device.
Fig. 19 is a schematic plan view of a seed cleaning tongue of a supernatant mechanism of the multipurpose air-aspiration type precision seed-sowing test device for beans according to the present invention.
FIG. 20 is a schematic view of the structure of a seed-cleaning gap-adjusting eccentric plate of the multipurpose air-sucking type bean-mixed precision seeding test device.
FIG. 21 is a side view of a seed clearance adjustment eccentric plate of the multipurpose air-aspiration type beans precision sowing test device of the present invention.
FIG. 22 is a diagram showing an example of a multipurpose air-aspiration type device for precision sowing of beans according to the present invention.
FIG. 23 is a diagram showing the connection relationship between the embodiment of the multipurpose air-aspiration type device for precision sowing of beans according to the present invention.
In the accompanying drawings: 1. a control box; 2. a trolley; 3. an air-suction seed metering device; 31. a gland; 32. an adjustment knob; 33. the eccentric seed cleaning rod is arranged down; 34. a seed-cleaning mechanism; 35. a shell of the air-suction seed sowing device; 351. a seed-cleaning mechanism fixing plate; 352. seed clearance adjustment eccentric plates; 353. a hexagonal nut; 354. a cylindrical helical compression spring; 355. a hexagonal bolt; 356. a seed cleaning tongue floating spring piece; 357. seed cleaning tongue; 36. an end cover of a shell of the air suction seed sowing device; 37. a seed disk drive shaft; 38. a seed disk drive shaft sprocket; 39. seed cavity stirring wheels; 40. a passive seed sowing disc; 41. a seed metering driving disc; 42. a seed discharging block; 4. a seed box; 5. an air duct; 6. a negative pressure fan; 7. a trolley driving wheel; 8. a universal wheel; 9. a seed feeding device; 92. a second chain; 95. a shield; 96. a first chain; 97. a seed spoon; 98. a first sprocket; 99. a second sprocket; 10. a test bed; 11. and a driven wheel of the trolley.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the drawings and specific examples, which are not intended to be limiting.
Referring to fig. 1 to 23, there is shown a multipurpose air-aspiration type precision planter for beans, comprising: the seed metering ware 3 is inhaled to the air, throw kind device 9, kind case 4, control box 1 and negative pressure fan 6, and the below of inhaling kind of seed metering ware 3 is equipped with throws kind device 9, and the upper end of inhaling kind of seed metering ware 3 is connected with kind case 4, and inhaling kind of seed metering ware 3 and negative pressure fan 6 are connected through tuber pipe 5, and inhaling kind of seed metering ware 3, negative pressure fan 6 and throw kind of device 9 and all be connected with control box 1, and inhaling kind of seed metering ware 3 includes: the seed metering passive plate 40 and the seed metering initiative dish 41 that coaxial and mutual laminating set up are equipped with a plurality of second through-holes along seed metering initiative dish 41 circumferencial direction, are equipped with a plurality of first through-holes along seed metering passive plate 40 circumferencial direction, and every first through-hole and a second through-hole Kong Gewei form a hole that matches with miscellaneous beans, throw kind of device 9 and include: the first chain wheel 98, the second chain wheel 99 and the first chain 96, the first chain 96 surrounds the first chain wheel 98 and the second chain wheel 99, each section of chain link of the first chain 96 is connected with a seed spoon 97, and the first chain wheel 98 and the seed disk driving shaft chain wheel 38 of the air suction seed sowing device 3 are connected through the second chain 92.
Further, in a preferred embodiment, the air-suction seed metering device 3 further comprises: the seed metering ware casing 35 is inhaled to the air, the seed metering ware casing end cover 36 is inhaled to the air and seed dish drive shaft 37, the air is inhaled seed metering ware casing 35 and is inhaled seed metering ware casing end cover 36 and surround the connection and form the holding cavity, seed dish drive shaft 37 is installed in the first through-hole of air is inhaled seed metering ware casing 35, seed metering passive plate 40 and seed metering driving plate 41 are located in the holding cavity, seed metering passive plate 40 and seed metering driving plate 41 all are connected with one end of seed dish drive shaft 37, the seed dish drive shaft 37 other end is connected with seed dish drive shaft sprocket 38, tuber pipe 5 and air are inhaled seed metering ware casing end cover 36 and are connected, seed case 4 and holding cavity intercommunication.
Further, in a preferred embodiment, the air-suction seed metering device 3 further comprises: seed cavity stirring wheel 39 and unload kind of piece 42, be connected with the piece 42 that unloads kind of piece 42 on the air-aspiration seed metering ware casing 35, be connected with seed cavity stirring wheel 39 on the air-aspiration seed metering ware casing end cover 36, be equipped with the cylinder arch on the seed metering driving plate 41, seed metering driving plate 41 passes through cylinder arch drive seed cavity stirring wheel 39 rotation.
Further, in a preferred embodiment, the air-suction seed metering device 3 further comprises: the gland 31, the adjusting knob 32 and the lower eccentric seed cleaning rod 33, the middle part of the lower eccentric seed cleaning rod 33 is arranged in the second through hole of the air suction seed metering device shell 35, one end of the lower eccentric seed cleaning rod 33 is connected with the adjusting knob 32, the other end of the lower eccentric seed cleaning rod 33 is operably propped against the seed metering driving disc 41, and the gland 31 and the air suction seed metering device shell 35 are connected.
Further, in a preferred embodiment, the air-suction seed metering device 3 further comprises: a seed-cleaning mechanism 34 connected to the air-suction seed-metering device housing 35, the seed-cleaning mechanism 34 including: the seed-cleaning mechanism fixing plate 351, the seed-cleaning gap adjustment eccentric plate 352, the seed-cleaning tongue floating spring piece 356 and the seed-cleaning tongue 357 are connected with the air-suction seed metering device shell 35, the seed-cleaning mechanism fixing plate 351, the seed-cleaning gap adjustment eccentric plate 352 and the seed-cleaning tongue floating spring piece 356 are connected through a hexagonal bolt 355 and a hexagonal nut 353, a cylindrical helical compression spring 354 is sleeved on the hexagonal bolt 355, and the seed-cleaning tongue 357 and the seed-cleaning tongue floating spring piece 356 are connected.
Further, in a preferred embodiment, the seeding passive plate 40 and the seeding active plate 41 are connected by at least two screw nuts, and the seeding passive plate 40 is operatively rotatable relative to the seeding active plate 41.
Further, in a preferred embodiment, a shaft sleeve is sleeved on the lower eccentric seed cleaning rod 33, an annular limiting groove plate is arranged in the second through hole of the air suction seed sowing device shell 35, one side surface of the shaft sleeve is propped against the annular limiting groove plate, a spring part is sleeved on the lower eccentric seed cleaning rod 33, one end of the spring part is propped against the gland 31, and the other end of the spring part is propped against the other side surface of the shaft sleeve.
Further, in a preferred embodiment, the seed feeding device 9 further comprises: the cover 95 is provided with an opening at the upper part of the cover 95, the opening is arranged below the seed discharging block 42, and the first chain wheel 98 and the second chain wheel 99 are arranged in the cover 95.
Further, in a preferred embodiment, several scoops 97 on the first chain 96 are arranged end to end in sequence, the first chain 96 is operatively rotated on the first sprocket 98 and the second sprocket 99 in a scoop bottom pointing direction of each of the scoops 97, and each link of the first chain 96 is connected to one of the scoops 97 by a pair of mutually mating screw nuts.
Further, in a preferred embodiment, a multipurpose air-aspiration type precision seeding experiment device for beans, comprising a multipurpose air-aspiration type precision seeding machine for beans, further comprising: the test bench 10 and locate the dolly 2 of test bench 10 upper surface, the seed metering ware 3 is inhaled to the air, throw kind device 9, control box 1 and negative pressure fan 6 all are connected with dolly 2, the lower surface of dolly is connected with dolly driving wheel 7 and dolly follower 11 through control box 1 driven, the dolly passes through dolly driving wheel 7 and dolly follower 11 and test bench 10 operatively swing joint, every bight of test bench 10 lower surface is connected with a universal wheel 8 that has brake equipment.
The foregoing is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the embodiments and the protection scope of the present invention.
The present invention has the following embodiments based on the above description:
In a further embodiment of the invention, the multipurpose air-suction type mixed bean precision seeding test device mainly comprises a control box 1, a trolley 2, an air-suction seed metering device 3, an air pipe 5, a negative pressure fan 6, a seed feeding device 9, a seed box 4 and a test bench 10.
In a further embodiment of the invention, the working process of the multipurpose air-aspiration type mixed bean precision seeding test device comprises the following steps: the seed feeding device comprises five main links of seed filling, seed scraping, seed guiding, seed feeding and implantation, wherein during operation, a driving gear on a motor directly drives a seed metering disc to rotate, seeds in a seed box 4 flow into a seed storage chamber of an air suction seed metering device 3, suction generated by a negative pressure fan 6 are transmitted to a vacuum chamber at one side of the air suction seed metering device 3 through an air pipe 5, so that the vacuum chamber generates negative pressure, pressure difference is generated at two sides of the seed metering disc, seeds in the seed storage chamber are adsorbed on a seed suction hole of the seed metering disc by means of the suction generated by the pressure difference and move to a seed scraping area together with the seed metering disc, excessive seeds can be scraped by a seed cleaning brush at the seed scraping area, the seed metering disc continuously rotates to carry the seeds to a seed feeding area through the seed guiding area, the two sides of the seed metering disc of the seed feeding area are communicated with the atmosphere, the seeds can freely fall down, and slide on a table top by means of orderly accurate seed feeding mechanism, and the sowing test process is completed.
In a further embodiment of the invention, the size of the hole of the air suction seed sowing device 3 can be adjusted to meet the sowing requirements of the beans with different sizes, and the overlapping angle between the seed sowing driving disc 41 and the seed sowing driven disc 40 with the square hole seed sowing discs is adjusted, so that the change of the size of the hole is realized, the multiple purposes of one machine are realized, and the seeds of a plurality of different beans can be sowed.
In a further embodiment of the invention, the belt type seed accurate delivery mechanism of the multipurpose air-suction type hybrid bean precision sowing test device ensures that the migration track of the whole process from the discharge of seeds from the air-suction seed sowing device 3 to the falling into a seed ditch is accurate and controllable, avoids grain distance deviation caused by collision in the migration process, improves the uniformity of the grain distance of high-speed sowing, and has simple structure and high universality.
In a further embodiment of the present invention, a test study can be performed on the seed metering performance of the precision air-suction seed metering device 3 by using a multipurpose air-suction type seed metering device for precision seeding, including: structural parameters of the air-suction seed metering device 3 are as follows: the influence of the number of holes, the structure of the holes, the diameter of the holes and the like of the seed metering disc on the sowing quality is studied; the seed metering device performs a bench test to study the influence of seeding operation speed, rotation speed, suction chamber vacuum degree, seed filling port height and the like on performance indexes such as seeding qualification index, miss seeding index, replay index and the like; the adaptability of the air suction seed metering device 3 is tested and studied by different mixed bean seeds.
In a further embodiment of the present invention, the multi-purpose air-aspiration type device for precisely sowing and testing the hybrid beans can perform experimental study on the precise delivery of the seed feeding device 9, including: experimental researches are carried out on grain spacing qualification indexes, miss-seeding indexes and replay indexes under different seed falling heights, seeding operation speeds and seed falling horizontal distances; experimental study is carried out on sowing performance indexes of the seed throwing plates with different shapes under different seed throwing angles; experimental research is carried out on the influence of sowing performance indexes such as grain spacing qualification indexes, grain spacing variation coefficients and the like under different conveying structure parameters and operation speeds; and carrying out optimization test research on main factors influencing the grain spacing qualification index and the grain spacing variation coefficient.
In a further embodiment of the invention, the multipurpose air-aspiration type mixed bean precision sowing test device can accurately receive seeds, stably deliver seeds and accurately throw seeds aiming at the technical problem of uneven sowing distance.
In a further embodiment of the invention, the air suction seed metering device 3 with the adjustable hole size is designed, seeds with different sizes can be sown, and one machine with multiple functions is realized.
In a further embodiment of the invention, a conveyer belt type seed accurate delivery mechanism is designed, so that the migration track of the seeds in the whole process from the air suction seed metering device 3 to fall into a seed ditch is accurate and controllable, the grain spacing deviation caused by collision in the migration process is avoided, and the uniformity of the grain spacing of high-speed sowing is improved.
In a further embodiment of the invention, the working process of the multipurpose air-aspiration type mixed bean precision seeding test device comprises the following steps: five main links of seed filling, seed scraping, seed guiding, seed feeding and implantation are needed, when the sowing work is needed, the test bed 10 moves to a designated position needed to be sowed through a plurality of universal wheels 8 arranged at the bottom, a brake structure is arranged on each universal wheel and used for fixing the position of the test bed 10, at the moment, the trolley 2 arranged above the test bed 10 moves to the designated position along with the test bed 10 and is ready to be sowed, the trolley 2 moves on the test bed 10 at a higher speed at a uniform speed through a trolley driving wheel 7 and a trolley driven wheel 11 which are connected with the lower surface, simultaneously, the seed sowing driving disc 41 and the seed sowing driven disc 40 which are well adjusted to coincide angles rotate under the driving of a motor, seeds in the seed box 4 flow into the air suction sowing device 3, the negative pressure fan 6 is connected with the air suction sowing device 3 through an air pipe 5, the negative pressure fan 6 is started to pump one side in the air suction sowing device 3 into a vacuum state, at this time, the pressure difference is generated at both sides of the seed-discharging driving disk 41 and the seed-discharging driven disk 40, the suction generated by the pressure difference variation of the seeds in the air-sucking seed metering device 3 is absorbed on the seed-sucking holes on the seed-discharging driving disk 41 and the seed-discharging driven disk 40, the seed-discharging driving disk 41 and the seed-discharging driven disk 40 rotate, the seeds move together with the seed-discharging driving disk 41 and the seed-discharging driven disk 40 to the seed-scraping area composed of the adjusting knob 32, the lower eccentric seed-cleaning rod 33 and the upper seed-cleaning mechanism 34, after the excessive seeds are scraped by the seed-scraping area, the seed-discharging driving disk 41 and the seed-discharging driven disk 40 continue to rotate, the seeds are moved to the upper side of the seed-feeding device 9, at this time, both sides of the seed-discharging driving disk 41 and the seed-discharging driven disk 40 are communicated with the atmosphere, the seeds can freely fall into the seed-feeding device 9 without the pressure difference, the first sprocket 98 and the second sprocket 99 are arranged in the seed-feeding device 9, the first sprocket 98 and the second sprocket 99 are connected through the first chain 96, a plurality of kinds of spoons 97 are installed at equal intervals along the first chain 96, each kind of spoons 97 arranged along the outer edge of the first chain 96 are identical in pointing direction, seeds can freely fall into the seed spoons 97 of the seed feeding device 9, the seed spoons 97 rotate along with the first chain 96, seeds in the seed spoons 97 are stably transferred to the outlet of the lower end of the seed feeding device 9 and toppled over, the seeds can freely fall, and the seeds can accurately slide in order and are fed onto a table top to finish a sowing test process.
In a further embodiment of the present invention, the size of the hole is adjusted by the seed-sowing driving disc 41 and the seed-sowing driven disc 40 together, a plurality of square through holes are uniformly spaced on the outer edge of the seed-sowing driving disc 41, a plurality of square through holes are uniformly spaced on the outer edge of the seed-sowing driven disc 40, the seed-sowing driving disc 41 and the seed-sowing driven disc 40 are coaxially arranged, and the angle between the seed-sowing driving disc 41 and the seed-sowing driven disc 40 is adjusted and fixed by rotating the seed-sowing driving disc 41 and/or the seed-sowing driven disc 40, so that the square through holes on the seed-sowing driving disc 41 and the square through holes on the seed-sowing driven disc 40 are overlapped together to obtain the size of the hole matched with the bean seed size.
In a further embodiment of the present invention, the seed-metering driving disc 41 and the seed-metering driven disc 40 act simultaneously to drive the seeds to scrape off the excessive seeds on the side of the holes far from the seed disc driving shaft 37 through the seed-metering tongue 357 of the seed-metering mechanism 34, and scrape off the excessive seeds on the side of the holes near the seed disc driving shaft 37 through the lower eccentric seed-metering rod 33.
In a further embodiment of the present invention, the distance between the seed cleaning tongue 357 and the shaped hole can be adjusted by pulling the floating spring piece 356 of the seed cleaning tongue to be located at the position on the seed cleaning gap adjustment eccentric plate 352, so as to facilitate scraping different seeds with different sizes.
In a further embodiment of the present invention, the lower eccentric seed-metering rod 33 is threadably connected to the sleeve, and the rotation of the adjustment knob 32 adjusts the position of the sleeve on the lower eccentric seed-metering rod 33, thereby operably abutting the lower eccentric seed-metering rod 33 against the seed-metering drive plate 41.
In a further embodiment of the invention, the seed chamber whipping wheel 39 is used to move the seeds to facilitate the suction of the seeds by the cylindrical protrusions on the driving disc.
In a further embodiment of the invention, the control box 1 is hardware and is mainly controlled by a PLC, and the main functions of the control box are that the trolley 2 is controlled to walk, the seed metering disc is rotated, the negative pressure fan 6 is driven, and the speed of each motor and the wind pressure of the negative pressure fan 6 are collected.
In a further embodiment of the invention, the seed metering disc is driven by a duplex sprocket, the seed metering disc being connected to the motor and simultaneously driven by a sprocket in the seed feeding device 9.
In a further embodiment of the present invention, the seed-metering driven plate 40 is rotated to match the size of the shaped hole to the seed size, and then the seed-metering driving plate 41 and the seed-metering driven plate 40 are fixed together by two bolts.
In a further embodiment of the invention, the seed discharging block 42 is arranged at the outlet below the air suction seed metering device 3, the seed discharging block 42 is positioned above the opening of the shield 95, the seed discharging block 42 and the air suction seed metering device 3 are connected through screws, the angle of the seed discharging block 42 can be adjusted by unscrewing the screws, and seeds are ensured to fall into the opening of the shield 95 from the outlet below the air suction seed metering device 3 and fall into one seed scoop 97 on the first chain 96.
In a further embodiment of the present invention, seed cavity whipping wheel 39 is made of rubber.
In a further embodiment of the invention, the control box 1 drives the seed tray driving shaft 37 to rotate through a PLC control motor, the seed discharging driving disc 41 and the seed discharging driven disc 40 which are mutually attached and coaxially arranged are arranged on the seed tray driving shaft 37 to rotate along the axis of the seed tray driving shaft 37, seeds are driven to be transferred to a seed feeding area from a seed storage chamber through a plurality of holes formed by combining the seed discharging driving disc 41 and the seed discharging driven disc 40, and in the process, the seeds fall into the seed feeding device 9, and redundant seeds are scraped to the seed feeding area through the upper seed cleaning mechanism 34 and the lower eccentric seed cleaning rod 33, so that the seeds are conveniently carried out through the holes.
In a further embodiment of the invention, the control box 1 drives the seed disc driving shaft 37 to rotate through a PLC control motor, the seed disc driving shaft sprocket 38 and the first sprocket 98 which are arranged on the seed disc driving shaft 37 are connected through the second chain 92, the seed disc driving shaft sprocket 38 drives the first sprocket 98 to rotate through the second chain 92, meanwhile, the first sprocket 98 and the second sprocket 99 are connected through the first chain 96, the first sprocket 98 is used as a driving wheel to drive the first chain 96 to rotate around the first sprocket 98 and the second sprocket 99, a plurality of spoons 97 connected with the first chain 96 rotate along with the first chain 96, seeds falling into the seed throwing device 9 each fall into one seed spoon 97 and move along with the seed spoon 97 to the outlet of the lower end of the seed throwing device 9, and orderly and accurately sows are completed.
In a further embodiment of the present invention, the first sprocket 98 is a sprocket having double rows of teeth and being fixedly connected coaxially, one row of teeth of the first sprocket 98 being engaged with the second chain 92 and the other row of teeth of the first sprocket 98 being engaged with the first chain 96.
The foregoing is merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not intended to limit the embodiments and scope of the present invention, and it should be appreciated by those skilled in the art that equivalent substitutions and obvious variations may be made using the description and illustrations of the present invention, and are intended to be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A multi-purpose air-aspiration type miscellaneous beans precision planter, which is characterized in that the multi-purpose air-aspiration type miscellaneous beans precision planter comprises: the seed metering ware (3) are inhaled to air, throw kind of device (9), kind of case (4), control box (1) and negative pressure fan (6), and the below of inhaling kind of device (3) is equipped with throw kind of device (9), and the upper end of inhaling kind of device (3) is connected with kind of case (4), and inhale kind of device (3) and negative pressure fan (6) are connected through tuber pipe (5), inhale kind of device (3) negative pressure fan (6) with throw kind of device (9) all with control box (1) are connected, and inhale kind of device (3) include: seed metering passive dish (40) and seed metering initiative dish (41) that coaxial and mutual laminating set up are followed seed metering initiative dish (41) circumferencial direction is equipped with a plurality of second through-holes, follows seed metering passive dish (40) circumferencial direction is equipped with a plurality of first through-holes, each first through-hole with one second through-hole Kong Gewei forms one and miscellaneous beans assorted hole, seed feeding device (9) include: the seed sowing device comprises a first chain wheel (98), a second chain wheel (99) and a first chain (96), wherein the first chain (96) surrounds the first chain wheel (98) and the second chain wheel (99), each section of chain link of the first chain (96) is connected with a seed spoon (97), and the first chain wheel (98) and a seed disc driving shaft chain wheel (38) of the air suction seed sowing device (3) are connected through the second chain (92);
The air suction seed metering device (3) further comprises: the seed metering device comprises a pneumatic seed metering device shell (35), a pneumatic seed metering device shell end cover (36) and a seed disk driving shaft (37), wherein the pneumatic seed metering device shell (35) and the pneumatic seed metering device shell end cover (36) are connected in a surrounding mode to form a containing cavity, the seed disk driving shaft (37) is installed in a first through hole of the pneumatic seed metering device shell (35), a seed metering driven disk (40) and a seed metering driving disk (41) are arranged in the containing cavity, the seed metering driven disk (40) and the seed metering driving disk (41) are connected with one end of the seed disk driving shaft (37), the other end of the seed disk driving shaft (37) is connected with a seed disk driving shaft chain wheel (38), an air pipe (5) is connected with the pneumatic seed metering device shell end cover (36), and the seed box (4) is communicated with the containing cavity;
The air suction seed metering device (3) further comprises: seed cavity stirring wheels (39) and seed discharging blocks (42), the seed discharging blocks (42) are connected to the air suction seed metering device shell (35), the seed cavity stirring wheels (39) are connected to the air suction seed metering device shell end cover (36), cylindrical protrusions are arranged on the seed metering driving disc (41), and the seed metering driving disc (41) drives the seed cavity stirring wheels (39) to rotate through the cylindrical protrusions;
The air suction seed metering device (3) further comprises: gland (31), adjust knob (32) and lower eccentric clear kind pole (33), the mid-mounting of lower eccentric clear kind pole (33) is in the second through-hole of air-aspiration seed metering ware casing (35), and the one end of lower eccentric clear kind pole (33) is connected with adjust knob (32), the other end of lower eccentric clear kind pole (33) operatively support in seed metering initiative dish (41), gland (31) with air-aspiration seed metering ware casing (35) are connected.
2. The multipurpose air-aspiration type hybrid bean precision planter according to claim 1, characterized in that the air-aspiration seed sowing device (3) further comprises: a seed-cleaning mechanism (34) connected with the air-suction seed metering device shell (35), wherein the seed-cleaning mechanism (34) comprises: the seed metering ware shell (35) of inhaling with the last clear kind of mechanism fixed plate (351), clear kind clearance adjustment eccentric plate (352), clear kind of tongue floating spring piece (356) and clear kind of tongue (357) that are connected, go up clear kind of mechanism fixed plate (351) clear kind of clearance adjustment eccentric plate (352) with clear kind of tongue floating spring piece (356) are connected through hex bolts (355) and hex nuts (353), the cover is equipped with cylinder helical compression spring (354) on hex bolts (355), clear kind of tongue (357) with clear kind of tongue floating spring piece (356) are connected.
3. The multipurpose air-aspiration type beans precision planter according to claim 1, characterized in that the seed-metering passive plate (40) and the seed-metering active plate (41) are connected by at least two screw nuts, the seed-metering passive plate (40) being operatively rotatable with respect to the seed-metering active plate (41).
4. The multipurpose air-aspiration type precision seed bean sowing machine according to claim 1, wherein a shaft sleeve is sleeved on the lower eccentric seed-clearing rod (33), an annular limiting groove plate is arranged in the second through hole of the air-aspiration seed sowing device shell (35), one side surface of the shaft sleeve is abutted against the annular limiting groove plate, a spring part is sleeved on the lower eccentric seed-clearing rod (33), one end of the spring part is abutted against the gland (31), and the other end of the spring part is abutted against the other side surface of the shaft sleeve.
5. The multipurpose air-aspiration type beans precision planter according to claim 1, characterized in that the seed feeding device (9) further comprises: the seed discharging device comprises a shield (95), wherein an opening is formed in the upper portion of the shield (95), the opening is formed below the seed discharging block (42), and the first sprocket (98) and the second sprocket (99) are arranged in the shield (95).
6. The multipurpose air-aspiration type precision soybean planter according to claim 1, wherein a plurality of seed scoops (97) on the first chain (96) are arranged in sequence from head to tail, the first chain (96) rotates on the first sprocket (98) and the second sprocket (99) in the direction of the spoon bottom of each seed scoop (97), and each section of chain link of the first chain (96) is connected with one seed scoop (97) through a pair of mutually matched screw nuts.
7. A multipurpose air-aspiration type precision seeding experiment device for hybrid beans, comprising the multipurpose air-aspiration type precision seeding machine for hybrid beans according to any one of claims 1 to 6, and further comprising: test bench (10) and locate dolly (2) of test bench (10) upper surface, air-aspiration seed metering ware (3) seed metering device (9) control box (1) with negative pressure fan (6) all with dolly (2) are connected, the lower surface of dolly is connected with through control box (1) driven dolly driving wheel (7) and dolly follower (11), the dolly passes through dolly driving wheel (7) with dolly follower (11) with test bench (10) operatively swing joint, each corner and one universal wheel (8) that have brake equipment of the lower surface of test bench (10) are connected.
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| CN114667828B (en) * | 2022-03-04 | 2023-03-07 | 青岛农业大学 | Precision seeder for peanut field breeding |
| CN115517053A (en) * | 2022-11-04 | 2022-12-27 | 昆明理工大学 | Pneumatic large-particle-size seed precision seed sowing device in synchronous belt |
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