CN113654921B - Variable-volume turbulence drag reduction evaluation device and method for conical plate - Google Patents
Variable-volume turbulence drag reduction evaluation device and method for conical plate Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to the field of turbulence control in complex turbulence, and discloses a variable-volume turbulence drag reduction evaluation device and method for a conical plate. The device consists of a conical plate variable volume testing domain system, a torque testing system, a PIV testing system, a power system, a temperature testing and controlling system, an automatic control system and an equipment supporting system. The principle of the method is that the dynamic system drives the conical plate to rotate, the torque resistance of the conical plate is measured based on the torque test system, the small-scale turbulence vortex information is measured based on the PIV test system, and the flow field image is acquired, so that the fluid rheological property evaluation, the additive turbulence resistance reduction performance and the mechanical degradation property evaluation and the additive turbulence resistance reduction structure analysis are realized, and the method has important significance for the additive turbulence resistance reduction mechanism in the complex turbulence control and the technological breakthrough of engineering application.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of turbulence control in complex turbulence, in particular to a design and use method of a conical plate variable-volume evaluation device for evaluating the turbulence drag reduction efficiency of an additive.
Background
Turbulence belongs to a complex flow physical phenomenon with multi-scale irregularity, and fluid can generate a large amount of energy dissipation under the action of strong turbulence disturbance, so that the reduction of the turbulence energy dissipation has important significance for energy conservation and consumption reduction advocated by modern technological society.
Since the 1948 U.S. scholars Toms published the phenomenon of turbulent drag reduction, expert scholars worldwide have been working on theoretical and technical studies in the field of turbulent drag reduction, which has been listed by NASA as one of the key technologies for aviation in the 21 st century. The existing turbulent flow drag reduction technology mainly comprises additive drag reduction, rib drag reduction, bionic drag reduction and wall vibration drag reduction, wherein for additive turbulent flow drag reduction, due to the complexity of turbulent flow and the complexity of the action of the additive on a turbulent boundary layer, no single theory exists at present to explain all experimental phenomena in turbulent flow drag reduction flow. Therefore, the drag reduction efficiency of the additive is accurately evaluated, the turbulent flow structure of boundary layer drag reduction is described, and the theoretical research breakthrough of turbulent flow drag reduction is important.
At present, the existing turbulence drag reduction evaluation methods are mainly divided into the following categories:
(1) Strain balance measurement
The strain balance measurement method is to measure the resistance generated by the action of the moving fluid on an experimental flat plate or a steel wire, wherein the experimental flat plate or the steel wire is arranged on a strain balance, the strain gauge on the balance is output as an electric signal, and then the electric signal is converted into the flow resistance, so that the resistance reduction evaluation of the fluid is realized.
(2) Suspension displacement measurement method
The suspension displacement measurement method is to calculate the included angle between the suspension and the initial position by measuring the corresponding offset included angle generated by the moving fluid through the suspension test model, so as to calculate the flow resistance.
The two methods only can obtain the resistance value of the fluid when the fluid passes through the test model, and cannot test rheological characteristic parameters (shear viscosity, linear viscoelasticity, normal stress difference, elongational viscosity and the like) of the fluid. Meanwhile, for the turbulent drag reduction test of additives, a large amount of test solutions need to be prepared in advance, and the drag reduction performance of various additives under a plurality of concentrations is evaluated, so that the liquid consumption is too large and the experimental feasibility is poor.
(3) Differential pressure measurement
The differential pressure measurement method is to measure the change of the differential pressure before and after the fluid flows through the circular pipe or the channel, and the loss of resistance is represented by the loss of the differential pressure before and after the fluid flows through the circular pipe or the channel, so that the drag reduction effect is evaluated. The method has certain limitation on the turbulent drag reduction evaluation of the additive: firstly, the scales of the round pipe and the channel can influence the turbulent drag reduction effect of the additive, and the thicknesses of boundary layers are different due to the different scales, so that the effect of the additive is correspondingly different, and the drag reduction efficiency is also different; secondly, the dimensions of the circular tube or the channel in the room are usually smaller, so that higher flow speed is required for achieving turbulence, and higher requirements are imposed on the power of the pump or the compressor and the strength of the circular tube or the channel; finally, for turbulent drag reduction of the polymer, the polymer is sheared by blades of the centrifugal pump when passing through the pump, so that the polymer is degraded, and the drag reduction effect is reduced.
(4) Torque measurement method
The torque measurement method is that a torque sensor is connected with a test die, the test die is soaked in a test solution, and the resistance of fluid is calculated by the torsion resistance value generated by the torque sensor when the motor rotates the test die, so that resistance reduction evaluation is carried out.
Torque measurements are typically rheometer based and are performed using corresponding parallel plate systems, cone plate systems, concentric cylinder systems, and double gap systems, depending on the viscosity of the fluid being tested. Since the rheometer itself is the rheological parameter for the test fluid (the test is performed under laminar flow regime), the test fluid field is very small, for example, the concentric cylinder system Anton Parr MCR302 rotary rheometer for testing lower viscosity fluids has a gap between the inner and outer cylinders of only 1.37mm, and in very narrow gaps, there is great difficulty in achieving turbulent flow regime (extremely high rotational speed is required), so that the test of turbulent drag reduction efficiency is not to mention.
(5) Laser Doppler velocimetry (LDA)
The laser Doppler velocimetry is to measure Doppler signals of trace particles in a test fluid domain, convert the Doppler signals into frequency differences of scattered light and incident light based on scattering of the trace particles, so as to obtain a velocity field in the test fluid domain, and further calculate resistance change of the fluid domain.
(6) High-speed Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV)
The principle of the method is that a pulse laser sheet light source irradiates a test fluid area, a high-speed camera is used for recording trace particle tracks scattered in the fluid area, and the displacement of trace particles in different time intervals is identified, so that a speed field in the test fluid area is obtained, and further the resistance change of the fluid area is calculated.
The LDA and PIV methods can accurately measure and obtain abundant turbulence structure information in a flow field, are effective means for measuring a turbulence speed field, but the two methods are generally applied to circular tube flow and channel flow straight tube sections or small-sized loop systems as the differential pressure measurement method, have high requirements on the power of a pump or a compressor, and have the advantages of high liquid consumption, complicated operation flow and poor economy.
By reviewing the existing flow resistance measurement method, the method can be used for testing the turbulence drag reduction efficiency of a fluid field, analyzing the rheological parameters of drag reduction fluid, accurately measuring the turbulence structure in the fluid field and obtaining small-scale turbulence vortex information, and the accurate, simple, stable and economic turbulence drag reduction evaluation device combining the torque measurement method and the PIV particle image velocimetry is needed to be invented, and has important significance for the technological breakthrough of additive turbulence drag reduction mechanism and engineering application in complex turbulence control.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a variable-volume evaluation device for a conical plate for evaluating turbulent drag reduction efficiency of an additive, so that an accurate, simple, stable and economic experimental evaluation method for testing turbulent drag reduction efficiency of an additive solution and rheological parameters of fluid and measuring turbulent structural parameters of a flow field is realized.
The invention relates to a variable-volume turbulence drag reduction evaluation device for a conical plate, which is shown in fig. 3 and comprises the following seven systems.
A tapered plate variable volume test domain system;
(II) a torque test system;
(III) PIV test system;
(IV) a power system;
(V) a temperature testing and control system;
(six) an automated control system;
and (seventh) an equipment support system.
The conical plate variable volume testing domain system comprises a variable rotary conical circular plate (1), a variable cylinder testing domain (2) and a variable cylinder infiltration body (3), and is shown in fig. 1. The variable diameter D of the variable rotary conical circular plate (1) is 80mm,130mm and 180mm respectively, the edge thickness is 1mm, the thickness of the center of the conical circular plate is 2mm, the distance between the conical circular plate and the two ends of the titanium alloy material and the variable cylindrical test fields (2) is 2mm, the vertical distance S between the edge of the conical circular plate and the upper and lower variable cylindrical test fields (2) is 9.5mm, the conical circular plate is fixed on a rotating shaft 13, the diameter of the rotating shaft is 6mm, and the rotating shaft (13) drives the conical circular plate (1) to rotate. The variable cylinder test field (2) consists of an upper circular surface, a lower circular surface and an arc-shaped side surface, wherein the diameters of the circular surfaces are 90mm,140mm and 190mm, the arc-shaped side surface is 25mm high and 3mm thick, the upper surface and the arc-shaped side surface are made of transparent polycarbonate (PC plastic), so that an PIV pulse laser illuminates a flow field and a high-speed camera to collect images, the lower surface is made of stainless steel, the lower surface and the side surface are fixedly adhered into a whole and are fixedly connected and fixed with the upper surface through 8 screws, the upper surface is fixed on a stainless steel sleeve (5) through screws, and the stainless steel sleeve (5) is fixed outside the stainless steel sleeve (7) through rivets. The variable cylinder infiltration body (3) is composed of upper surface transparent toughened glass and an opening transparent polycarbonate cylindrical pot (4), the diameter of the bottom surface of the cylindrical pot (4) is 100mm,150mm and 200mm respectively, the height is 40mm, about 250ml,500ml and 750ml of test liquid can be contained respectively for experiments, the cylindrical pot (4) is fixedly connected with the upper surface toughened glass through 4 locks, the upper surface toughened glass is fixedly arranged on a stainless steel sleeve (6) through screws, and the sleeve (6) is fixedly arranged outside the stainless steel sleeve (7) through rivets.
The torque testing system comprises a torque sensor (10), a rotating shaft (9), a rotating shaft (11), a mounting base, two couplers (8) and a torque testing setting and controlling system. The torque sensor (10) is manufactured by German Boston (BURSTER) precision instruments, the model is 8661-5001-V0000, the test torque range is 0-1Nm, and the test error is within +/-0.04 Nm. The diameter of a rotating shaft (9) connected with the test end is 5mm, and the diameter of a rotating shaft (11) connected with the motor end is 8mm. The test end rotating shaft (9) is fixedly connected with the taper plate rotating shaft (13) through the coupler (8), and the motor end rotating shaft (11) is fixedly connected with the motor rotating shaft through the coupler. The torque sensor (10) is fixed on the fixed rod (25) through the mounting base.
The PIV test system comprises two pulse lasers, an optical path system (14), a high-speed camera (15), a synchronous controller (16), trace particles and a computer (17) provided with PIV system software, and is shown in fig. 2. Wherein the pulse laser (14) generates a pair of pulse laser planes to emit laser beams to the test fluid field, the pulse laser is connected with the synchronous controller (16), and signal pulses are generated through the synchronous controller (16) to control the double pulse laser to emit laser. The high-speed camera (15) collects trace particle images in the laser surface illumination test fluid area in a fixed interval time, one end of the high-speed camera is connected with the computer (17), the other end of the high-speed camera is connected with the synchronous controller (16), the computer controls the high-speed camera to work, then the synchronous action between the camera and the data acquisition computer is controlled by the synchronous controller, and then the PIV system software in the computer (17) is used for controlling the system to work and store data. In the experiment, a certain amount of trace particles need to be added into the test liquid in advance. The variable volume testing zone (18) in fig. 2 is replaceable and variable in size, including the variable rotary conical disk (1), the variable cylindrical testing zone (2), and the variable cylindrical wetting body (3), and the variable sizes are as described above.
The power system comprises a servo motor (26), a servo driver, a power line, a coding line and a fixed support. The servo motor (26) is of a type of up to ECMA-C10604RS, the diameter of a rotating shaft is 14mm, rated torque is 1.27Nm, maximum torque is 3.82Nm, rated current is 2.6A, rated output power is 400W, rotating speed is 5000r/min, the servo driver is of a type of up to ASD-A2-0421-M, input voltage is 220V, rated output power is 400W, and pulse and CAN OPEN control is supported.
The temperature testing and controlling system comprises a temperature testing system and a water bath temperature control device (21), wherein the temperature testing system comprises a temperature sensor (12), a temperature display screen and a mercury thermometer (20). The temperature sensor (12) is fixed on the upper surface of the variable cylinder test field (2), the data wire passes through the sleeve (7) and is connected into the automatic control system, and in addition, the temperature sensor (12) is also provided with an external temperature display screen, so that the function of simultaneously reading the temperature value by a computer and the display screen is realized. The water bath temperature control device (21) consists of a water bath temperature control cavity (22), a refrigeration compressor, a circulating pump, a temperature display screen, a temperature sensor and a full-automatic PID temperature setting program system. The mercury thermometer (20) is arranged in a water bath temperature control cavity (22) of the water bath temperature control device and is used for monitoring the temperature in the water bath in real time.
The automatic control system (19) comprises a circuit board, a control cabinet and a plurality of data lines. One end of the automatic control system is respectively connected with the servo driver, the torque sensor (10) and the temperature sensor (12), and the other end of the automatic control system is connected with the computer, so that control of a test command and input of test data are realized.
The equipment supporting system comprises a base (24), a lifting supporting table (23), a fixing rod (25), fixing screws and a fixing bracket.
Drawings
The purpose of the attached drawings is as follows: in order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments and technical solutions of the present invention, the drawings that are required for the embodiments will be simply labeled and described below.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a cone plate variable volume test domain system and torque test system architecture.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a PIV testing system architecture.
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a variable volume turbulence drag reduction evaluation device for a conical plate.
FIG. 4 is an interface for parameter settings of an additive turbulence drag reduction performance test rheology device
FIG. 5 is an interface for additive turbulence drag reduction performance test fluid parameter settings
FIG. 6 is a display interface for additive turbulence drag reduction test results
Detailed Description
In order that those skilled in the art will better understand the technical solutions in this specification, a clear and complete description of the technical solutions in one or more embodiments of this specification will be provided below with reference to the accompanying drawings in one or more embodiments of this specification, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the specification, not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which may be made by one or more embodiments of the disclosure without undue effort by one of ordinary skill in the art, are intended to be within the scope of the embodiments of the disclosure.
Embodiment 1: fluid rheology test (including fluid shear and viscosity-temperature characteristics)
The variable volume turbulence drag reduction evaluation device of the conical plate can be used for testing the rheological property of the fluid. The shear viscosity of the fluid is tested through the device, and the viscosity-shear characteristic and viscosity-temperature characteristic of the fluid are evaluated based on the shear viscosity test. By controlling the rotational speed n (or shear rate) of the conical plate during testing) The torsional moment M (or shear stress tau) of the conical plate during rotation is measured, so that the fluid shear viscosity eta is calculated, and the calculation expression is as follows:
Evaluation of the shear properties of the fluid suggests testing with a linearly varying shear rate. When in testing, the shearing rate is controlled to be in a certain range, the shearing rate is gradually changed according to a linear rule, the shearing rate can be changed from low to high, the point taking interval can be set from high to low, the change data of the shearing stress and the shearing viscosity of the fluid along with the shearing rate are obtained through testing, and the data result is analyzed so as to evaluate the shearing characteristic of the fluid. Wherein the shearing stress tau is calculated by the anti-torque value M measured by a torque sensor, and the shearing rate is calculated by the anti-torque value M Calculated by the rotation speed n of the cone plate, the calculation expression of the cone plate drag reduction measuring device is as follows:
Evaluation of the visco-thermal properties of the fluid suggests testing with a constant shear rate. When testing, the temperature is controlled within a certain range, the temperature of the fluid domain is gradually increased or gradually reduced according to a linear rule, the sampling interval is set, and a series of fluid shear viscosity values under different temperatures with constant shear rate are obtained through testing, so that the viscosity-temperature characteristics of the fluid are evaluated.
It should be noted that the rheological property test of the fluid requires that the fluid be performed in a laminar flow regime, and therefore, the present embodiment employs a minimum conical plate variable volume testing zone system in which the diameter D of the variable rotating conical disk (1) is 80mm, the diameter of the circular surface in the variable cylindrical testing zone (2) is 90mm, and the diameter of the bottom surface of the cylindrical bowl (4) in the variable cylindrical immersion body (3) is 100mm.
Embodiment 2: additive turbulence drag reduction efficiency test
The variable-volume turbulence drag reduction evaluation device of the conical plate can be used for testing the turbulence drag reduction efficiency of additives, and can be used for drag reduction evaluation of various drag reduction additives (polymers, surfactants and fibers).
Additive turbulence drag reduction efficiency testing was performed using a linearly varying shear rate. Before testing, firstly preparing additive drag reduction solutions with different concentrations, and standing for a week to enable the additive to be completely dissolved or dispersed in a solvent; during testing, the prepared additive drag reduction solution is poured into an open transparent polycarbonate cylindrical pot (4), the cylindrical pot (4) is slowly fixed on the tempered glass above the cylindrical pot, and the solution is fully immersed in a variable cylindrical test field (2); opening a turbulence drag reduction testing program at a PC end, selecting an additive turbulence drag reduction efficiency testing module, setting a shearing rate range, a shearing rate change rate, a point taking interval, a stabilizing time, rotating a conical circular plate (1), changing the diameter of the surface of a cylindrical testing domain (2), testing the temperature, testing rheological parameters (solution density, viscosity and additive concentration) of a solution and the like in the module, wherein the rheological parameters (solution density, viscosity and additive concentration) of the solution are shown in fig. 4 and 5; clicking to start after the parameter setting is finished, starting rotating and shearing the conical plate, and formally starting experimental tests; after the test is finished, the PC end turbulence drag reduction test program records and displays the shear rateThe shear stress tau, the solution viscosity eta, the rotation speed n, the torsion resistance M, the friction coefficient f, the Reynolds number Re and the temperature t are shown in figure 6.
The variable-volume turbulence drag reduction evaluation device of the conical plate is used for respectively testing the shearing stress tau of a plurality of additive solutions and pure solvents without additives at the same shearing rate and at the same temperature, calculating to obtain the turbulence drag reduction efficiency of the additives at different concentrations, different shearing rates and different temperatures, and further evaluating the turbulence drag reduction performance of various additives, wherein the calculation expression is as follows:
Where τ 0 is the shear stress of the pure solvent without additives under the same test conditions.
Embodiment 3: additive turbulence drag reduction mechanical degradation rate test
The variable-volume turbulence drag reduction evaluation device of the conical plate can be used for testing the mechanical degradation rate of the additive turbulence drag reduction, and evaluating the mechanical degradation resistance of various drag reduction additives (polymers, surfactants and fibers) in the turbulence drag reduction process.
Additive turbulence drag reduction mechanical degradation rate testing was performed using a constant shear rate. The test is the same as the test step in the embodiment 2, and the difference is that a turbulence drag reduction test program is opened from a PC end, an additive turbulence drag reduction mechanical degradation rate test module is selected, a constant shear rate, a point taking interval, a stabilizing time, a test time, a variable diameter of a rotary conical circular plate (1), a variable cylindrical test field (2), a test temperature, a test solution rheological parameter (solution density, viscosity, additive concentration) and the like are arranged in the module; clicking to start after parameter setting is finished, starting rotation of the conical plate, and formally starting experimental test; after the test is finished, the PC end turbulence drag reduction test program records and displays the shear rateShear stress τ, solution viscosity η, rotational speed n, anti-torque M, friction coefficient f, reynolds number Re, test time, temperature t.
The variable-volume turbulence drag reduction evaluation device of the conical plate is used for testing the shear stress tau of additive solutions with a plurality of concentrations under the corresponding shear rate and shear test time, calculating to obtain the additive turbulence drag reduction efficiency DR deg under the conditions of different concentrations, different shear rates, different temperatures and different shear time, and further evaluating the mechanical degradation rate of the additive turbulence drag reduction, wherein the calculation expression is as follows:
Where DR is the turbulent drag reduction efficiency of an additive solution of the same concentration without mechanical degradation under the same test conditions.
Embodiment 4: additive drag reduction turbulence structure test
The variable-volume turbulence drag reduction evaluation device of the conical plate can be used for testing an additive drag reduction turbulence structure, and analyzing and researching turbulence structures (parameters including instantaneous speed U, time average speed U, pulsation speed U', turbulence intensity I, turbulence energy k, reynolds additional stress tau ij and the like) of various drag reduction additives (polymers, surfactants and fibers) in a cylindrical test domain.
The additive drag reducing turbulence structure test can be carried out by adopting a linear change shear rate or a constant shear rate, namely the embodiment can analyze and research the drag reducing turbulence structure under the conditions of the variable shear rate and the constant shear rate. The test is the same as the test procedure in embodiments 2 and 3, respectively, except that the PIV test system is turned on in addition. When preparing additive drag reduction solution before testing, a certain amount of tracer particles are added into the test liquid, a pulse laser, a high-speed camera and a synchronous controller are started, the high-speed camera is fixed right above a variable volume test field (18), and the position of the pulse laser is adjusted to ensure that the fluid test field can be completely irradiated. And starting PIV system software at the PC end, setting PIV pulse laser parameters, an image acquisition time interval of a high-speed camera and test time, and pre-testing the flow field shooting effect when the cone plate is stationary. After the parameter setting is finished, clicking the beginning of a turbulence drag reduction test program at the PC end, and starting the PIV system data acquisition. After the test is finished, besides the rheological parameters recorded by the PC-end turbulence drag reduction test program, the instantaneous speed of the trace particles recorded by the PC-end PIV system software and the acquired image of the high-speed camera are also recorded.
Based on the data acquisition image, the additive drag reduction turbulence structure can be analyzed, the time average speed U, the pulsation speed U', the turbulence intensity I, the turbulence energy k and the Reynolds additional stress tau ij are calculated based on the instantaneous speed value of the trace particle, and the calculation expressions are as follows:
Time average velocity U of the same circumferential particle in the fluid: (r is the distance from the axis of rotation in the fluid region)
Pulsation speed u': u' =u-U (U is the instantaneous velocity of the missing particle acquired by PIV)
Turbulence intensity I: (u τ is friction speed,/> )
Turbulence energy k:
Reynolds additional stress τ ij:
The variable volume turbulence drag reduction evaluation device based on the conical plate can be used for experimental study of additive drag reduction solution rheological property, additive turbulence drag reduction performance, mechanical degradation property and additive turbulence drag reduction mechanism problem.
Claims (7)
1. A method of variable volume turbulent drag reduction evaluation of a conical plate using a variable volume turbulent drag reduction evaluation device of a conical plate, comprising: fluid rheological property evaluation, additive turbulence drag reduction efficiency evaluation, additive turbulence drag reduction mechanical degradation rate evaluation and additive drag reduction turbulence structure analysis method;
1) The fluid rheological property evaluation method comprises fluid viscosity-shear property and viscosity-temperature property evaluation; the method is characterized in that a linear change shear rate is adopted for testing, the shear rate is controlled to be linearly increased or decreased during testing, a point taking interval is set, and change data of fluid shear stress and shear viscosity along with the shear rate are obtained, so that the viscosity and shear characteristics of fluid are evaluated; the viscosity-temperature characteristic evaluation method is characterized in that a constant shear rate is adopted for testing, during testing, the temperature is controlled to be gradually increased or decreased according to a linear rule, and a point taking interval is set to obtain viscosity-shear viscosity values of fluid at different temperatures under the constant shear rate, so that the viscosity-temperature characteristic of the fluid is evaluated; wherein, the shearing stress tau is calculated by the anti-torque value M provided by the torque sensor, and the shearing rate is calculated by the anti-torque value M The fluid shear viscosity eta is calculated by the rotation speed n of the cone plate and is obtained by the shear stress tau and the shear rate/>The calculation expressions are respectively as follows:
2) The method for evaluating the turbulent drag reduction efficiency of the additive is characterized in that a linear change shear rate is adopted for testing; before testing, preparing additive drag reduction solutions with different concentrations, and standing for a week until the additive is completely dissolved or dispersed in a solvent; during testing, the variable volume turbulence drag reduction evaluation device of the conical plate is used for respectively testing the shearing stress tau of a plurality of additive solutions and pure solvents without additives at the same shearing rate and at the same temperature, and calculating to obtain the turbulence drag reduction efficiency values of the additives at different concentrations, different shearing rates and different temperatures, so as to evaluate the turbulence drag reduction performance of various additives, wherein the calculation expression is as follows:
3) The method for evaluating the mechanical degradation rate of the additive turbulence drag reduction is characterized by adopting constant shear rate for testing; during testing, the shearing stress tau of the additive solution with a plurality of concentrations under the corresponding shearing rate and shearing test time is tested through the variable volume turbulence drag reduction evaluation device of the conical plate, the additive turbulence drag reduction efficiency DR deg (t) with different concentrations, different shearing rates, different temperatures and different shearing times is obtained through calculation, the mechanical degradation rate of the additive turbulence drag reduction is further evaluated, and the calculation expression is as follows:
4) The analysis method of the additive drag reduction turbulence structure is characterized in that the test can be performed by adopting a linear change shear rate or a constant shear rate; when preparing the additive drag reduction solution before testing, a certain amount of trace particles are added into the test liquid; during testing, a PIV testing system is required to be additionally started, a high-speed camera is fixed right above a variable volume testing domain (18), the position of a pulse laser is adjusted to ensure that the fluid testing domain is completely irradiated, PIV pulse laser parameters, the time interval for acquiring images and testing time are set, and the flow field shooting effect of a cone plate in a static state is pre-tested; after the test is finished, besides the rheological parameters recorded by the PC-end turbulence drag reduction test program, the instantaneous speed of trace particles recorded by the PC-end PIV system software and the flow field images acquired by the high-speed camera are also recorded; the additive drag reduction turbulence structure can be analyzed based on the data acquisition image, the time average speed U, the pulsation speed U', the turbulence intensity I, the turbulence energy k and the Reynolds additional stress tau ij can be calculated based on the instantaneous speed value of the trace particle, and the small-scale turbulence vortex information can be obtained;
The variable-volume turbulence drag reduction evaluation device for the conical plate comprises a variable-volume test domain system for the conical plate, a torque test system, a PIV test system, a power system, a temperature test and control system, an automatic control system and an equipment support system; the conical plate variable volume testing domain system is used for containing testing solution, and the testing solution is sheared by the conical plate rotation in the system in an experiment; the torque testing system is used for testing the torsion resistance of the conical plate during rotation test and outputting the torsion resistance to the computer; the PIV test system is used for testing and analyzing a turbulence structure in a fluid domain to obtain small-scale turbulence vortex information; the power system is used for controlling the conical plate to rotate; the temperature testing and controlling system is used for adjusting and controlling the temperature of the fluid domain and testing the output temperature value to the computer; the automatic control system is used for processing the torque value and the temperature value to a computer, and simultaneously, the signal control braking system outputs driving force to drive the conical plate to rotate; the equipment supporting system is sequentially connected with a fixed base (24), a lifting supporting table (23), a water bath temperature control cavity (22), a conical plate variable volume testing domain system, a torque sensor (10), a high-speed camera (15) and a servo motor (26).
2. A variable volume turbulence drag reduction evaluation method of a conical plate according to claim 1, characterized in that the conical plate variable volume test field system comprises a variable rotating conical circular plate (1), a variable cylindrical test field (2) and a variable cylindrical immersion body (3), the conical plate variable volume test field (18) being replaceable, the size being variable; the variable diameter D of the variable rotary conical circular plate (1) is 80mm,130mm and 180mm respectively, the edge thickness is 1mm, the thickness of the center of the conical circular plate is 2mm, the distance from the titanium alloy material to the variable cylinder test fields (2) at two ends is 2mm, the distance S between the edge of the circular plate and the upper and lower variable cylinder test fields (2) is 9.5mm, the circular plate is fixed on a rotating shaft III (13), the diameter of the rotating shaft III (13) is 6mm, and the rotating shaft III (13) drives the conical circular plate (1) to rotate; the variable cylinder testing domain (2) consists of an upper circular surface, a lower circular surface and an arc-shaped side surface, wherein the diameters of the circular surfaces are 90mm,140mm and 190mm, the height of the arc-shaped side surface is 25mm, the thickness of the arc-shaped side surface is 3mm, the upper surface and the arc-shaped side surface are made of transparent polycarbonate, the lower surface is made of stainless steel, the lower surface and the side surface are fixedly adhered into a whole and are fixedly connected and fixed with each other through 8 screws, the upper surface is fixed on a first stainless steel sleeve (5) through screws, and the first stainless steel sleeve (5) is fixed outside a third stainless steel sleeve (7) through rivets; the variable cylinder infiltration body (3) comprises upper surface transparent toughened glass and an open transparent polycarbonate cylindrical pot (4), the diameter of the bottom surface of the cylindrical pot (4) is 100mm,150mm and 200mm respectively, the height of the cylindrical pot is 40mm, the cylindrical pot is fixedly connected with the upper surface toughened glass through 4 locks, the upper surface toughened glass is fixedly arranged on a stainless steel sleeve II (6) through screws, and the stainless steel sleeve II (6) is fixedly arranged outside a stainless steel sleeve III (7) through rivets.
3. The variable-volume turbulence drag reduction evaluation method of the conical plate according to claim 1, wherein the torque test system comprises a torque sensor (10), a first rotating shaft (9), a second rotating shaft (11), a mounting base, two couplings (8) and a torque test setting and control system.
4. The variable volume turbulence drag reduction evaluation method of a tapered plate according to claim 1, wherein the PIV test system comprises two pulse lasers and optical path systems (14), a high speed camera (15), a synchronization controller (16), trace particles and a computer (17) with PIV system software; the pulse laser (14) generates a pair of pulse laser planes, emits laser beams to the testing fluid domain, the pulse laser is connected with the synchronous controller (16), the synchronous controller (16) generates signal pulses to control the double pulse laser to emit laser, the high-speed camera (15) collects trace particle images of the laser planes in a fixed interval time to illuminate the testing fluid domain, one end of the device is connected with a computer (17), the other end of the device is connected with a synchronous controller (16), the computer controls the high-speed camera to work, then the synchronous action between the camera and the data acquisition computer is controlled by the synchronous controller, and then the PIV system software in the computer (17) is used for controlling the system to work and store data.
5. The variable volume turbulence drag reduction evaluation method of a tapered plate of claim 1, wherein the power system comprises a servo motor (26), a servo driver, a power line, a code line, and a fixed bracket one.
6. The variable-volume turbulence drag reduction evaluation method of the conical plate according to claim 1, wherein the temperature testing and control system comprises a temperature testing system and a water bath temperature control device (21), the temperature testing system comprises a temperature sensor (12), a temperature display screen and a mercury thermometer (20), the temperature sensor (12) is fixed on the upper surface of the variable cylinder testing domain (2), a data line penetrates out of a stainless steel sleeve III (7) to be connected to an automatic control system, the temperature sensor (12) is provided with an external temperature display screen, the water bath temperature control device (21) comprises a water bath temperature control cavity (22), a refrigerating compressor, a circulating pump, a temperature display screen, a temperature sensor and a full-automatic PID temperature setting program system, and the mercury thermometer (20) is arranged in the water bath temperature control cavity (22) of the water bath temperature control device.
7. The variable-volume turbulence drag reduction evaluation method of the conical plate according to claim 1, wherein the automatic control system (19) comprises a circuit board, a control cabinet and a plurality of data wires, one end of the automatic control system is respectively connected with a servo driver, a torque sensor (10) and a temperature sensor (12), and the other end of the automatic control system is connected with a computer; the equipment supporting system consists of a fixed base (24), a lifting supporting table (23), a fixed rod (25), fixed screws and a plurality of fixed brackets.
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