CN113654921A - Tapered plate variable volume turbulence resistance reduction evaluation device and method - Google Patents
Tapered plate variable volume turbulence resistance reduction evaluation device and method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to the field of turbulence control in complex turbulence, and discloses a device and a method for evaluating variable-volume turbulence drag reduction of a tapered plate. The device consists of a tapered plate variable volume test domain system, a torque test system, a PIV test system, a power system, a temperature test and control system, an automatic control system and an equipment support system. The principle of the method is that a power system drives a conical plate to rotate, the torque resistance of the conical plate is measured based on a torque test system, small-scale turbulent eddy information is measured based on a PIV test system, and a flow field image is collected, so that the evaluation of rheological characteristics of fluid, the evaluation of turbulence resistance and mechanical degradation characteristics of an additive and the structural analysis of the resistance-reducing turbulence of the additive are realized, and the method has important significance for the technical breakthrough of the resistance-reducing mechanism of the additive turbulence and engineering application in the control of complex turbulence.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of turbulence control in complex turbulence, in particular to a tapered plate variable volume evaluation device for evaluating the turbulence drag reduction efficiency of an additive and a use method thereof.
Background
Turbulence belongs to a complex flow physical phenomenon with multiple scales and irregularities, and fluid can generate a large amount of energy dissipation under the action of strong turbulence disturbance, so that the reduction of the turbulence energy dissipation has important significance for energy conservation and consumption reduction advocated by the modern science and technology society.
Since Toms published the phenomenon of turbulent drag reduction by american scholars in 1948, experts worldwide have been devoted to theoretical and technical research in the field of turbulent drag reduction, which has been classified by NASA as one of the critical technologies in aviation in the 21 st century. The existing turbulent drag reduction technology mainly comprises additive drag reduction, rib drag reduction, bionic drag reduction and wall surface vibration drag reduction, wherein for the additive turbulent drag reduction, due to the complexity of turbulence and the complexity of the action of an additive on a turbulent boundary layer, a single theory can explain all experimental phenomena in turbulent drag reduction flow at present. Therefore, the method accurately evaluates the drag reduction efficiency of the additive and describes the turbulent structure of the drag reduction of the boundary layer, and is very important for breakthrough of theoretical research on turbulent drag reduction.
At present, the existing turbulent drag reduction evaluation methods are mainly divided into the following categories:
(1) strain balance measuring method
The strain balance measuring method is characterized in that resistance generated by action of moving fluid on an experiment flat plate or a steel wire is measured, wherein the experiment flat plate or the steel wire is placed on a strain type balance, a strain gauge on the balance is output to form an electric signal, and the electric signal is converted into flow resistance, so that the resistance reduction evaluation of the fluid is realized.
(2) Suspension displacement measuring method
The suspension displacement measurement method is used for calculating the flow resistance by measuring the corresponding offset included angle generated by the moving fluid passing through a suspension test model and calculating the included angle between a suspension piece and an initial position.
The two methods can only obtain the resistance value when the fluid passes through the test model, and cannot test the rheological characteristic parameters (shear viscosity, linear viscoelasticity, normal stress difference, tensile viscosity and the like) of the fluid. Meanwhile, for the turbulent drag reduction test of the additive, a large amount of test solution needs to be prepared in advance, and the test solution has overlarge liquid consumption and poor experimental feasibility for evaluating the drag reduction performance of various additives under multiple concentrations.
(3) Differential pressure measuring method
The pressure difference measurement method is characterized in that the resistance loss is represented by the pressure difference loss before and after flowing through a circular pipe or a channel by measuring the change of the pressure difference before and after the fluid flows through the circular pipe or the channel, so that the resistance reduction effect evaluation is realized. The method has certain limitation on additive turbulence drag reduction evaluation: firstly, the dimensions of the round tube and the channel can influence the turbulence drag reduction effect of the additive, and the thickness of boundary layers is different due to different dimensions, so that the action effect of the additive is correspondingly different, and the drag reduction efficiency is also different; secondly, the dimensions of the indoor circular pipes or channels are usually small, which results in higher flow rates required to achieve turbulence, and higher requirements are placed on the power of the pump or compressor and the strength of the circular pipes or channels; finally, for turbulent drag reduction of the polymer, the polymer is sheared by blades of the centrifugal pump when passing through the pump, so that the polymer is degraded, and the drag reduction effect is reduced.
(4) Torque measurement method
The torque measurement method is characterized in that a torque sensor is connected with a test mould, the test mould is soaked in a test solution, fluid resistance is calculated according to a torque resistance value generated by the test torque sensor when the test mould is rotated by a motor, and then resistance reduction evaluation is carried out.
The torque measurement method is generally based on a rheometer, and according to the viscosity of test fluid, the test is carried out by adopting a parallel plate system, a conical plate system, a concentric cylinder system and a double-gap system. Since the rheometer is used for testing rheological parameters of fluid (testing is carried out in a laminar flow state), the testing fluid domain is very small, for example, the Anton Parr MCR302 rotary rheometer of a concentric cylinder system for testing fluid with lower viscosity has the gap between an inner cylinder and an outer cylinder of only 1.37mm, and in a very narrow gap, the turbulent flow state is very difficult to realize (extremely high rotating speed is required), and the testing of the turbulent flow drag reduction efficiency is not mentioned.
(5) Laser Doppler velocity measurement method (LDA)
The laser Doppler velocity measurement method is characterized in that Doppler signals of tracer particles in a test fluid domain are measured, and frequency difference between scattered light and incident light is obtained through conversion based on scattering of the tracer particles, so that a velocity field in the test fluid domain is obtained, and resistance change of the fluid domain is calculated.
(6) High speed Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV)
The high-speed particle image velocimetry is similar to a laser Doppler velocimetry, and the principle of the method is that a pulse laser sheet light source is used for irradiating a test fluid region, a high-speed camera is used for recording trace particles scattered in the fluid region, and the displacement of the trace particles in different time intervals is identified, so that a velocity field in the test fluid region is obtained, and further the resistance change of the fluid region is calculated.
The LDA and PIV methods can accurately measure and obtain rich turbulent flow structure information in a flow field, and are effective means for measuring a turbulent flow velocity field, but the two methods are the same as a differential pressure measurement method, are usually applied to circular pipe flow and channel flow pipe sections or small-sized loop systems, have high requirements on the power of a pump or a compressor when realizing a turbulent flow state, and simultaneously have large liquid consumption, complicated preparation work at the early stage, complex operation flow and poor economical efficiency.
The method can be obtained by reviewing the existing flow resistance measurement method, and needs to test the turbulence drag reduction efficiency of a fluid domain, analyze rheological parameters of drag-reduced fluid, accurately measure the turbulence structure in the flow field and obtain small-scale turbulence vortex information, so that an accurate, simple, stable and economic turbulence drag reduction evaluation device combining a torque measurement method and a PIV particle image speed measurement method is urgently needed to be invented, and the device has important significance for technical breakthroughs of additive turbulence drag reduction mechanisms and engineering applications in complex turbulence control.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a tapered plate variable volume evaluation device for evaluating the turbulence drag reduction efficiency of an additive, so that an accurate, simple, stable and economic experimental evaluation method capable of testing the turbulence drag reduction efficiency of an additive solution and rheological parameters of a fluid and measuring structural parameters of a flow field turbulence is realized.
The invention discloses a tapered plate variable volume turbulence drag reduction evaluation device, which is shown in figure 3 and comprises the following seven systems.
A tapered plate variable volume test domain system;
(II) a torque testing system;
(III) a PIV test system;
(IV) a power system;
(V) a temperature testing and controlling system;
(VI) an automatic control system;
(VII) a device support system.
The tapered plate variable volume test domain system comprises a variable rotary tapered circular plate (1), a variable cylinder test domain (2) and a variable cylinder soakage body (3), and is shown in figure 1. The variable diameter D of the variable rotary conical circular plate (1) is respectively 80mm, 130mm and 180mm, the edge thickness is 1mm, the thickness of the center of the conical circular plate is 2mm, the distance between the titanium alloy material and the variable cylindrical test domains (2) at two ends is 2mm, the vertical distance S between the edge of the conical circular plate and the upper and lower variable cylindrical test domains (2) is 9.5mm, the conical circular plate is fixed on the rotating shaft 13, the diameter of the rotating shaft is 6mm, and the rotating shaft (13) drives the conical circular plate (1) to rotate. The variable cylinder test domain (2) comprises upper and lower circular surface and arc side, the diameter on circular surface is 90mm respectively, 140mm, 190mm, the arc side is high 25mm, thickness 3mm, the material of upper surface and arc side is transparent polycarbonate (PC plastics), so that PIV pulse laser illuminates the flow field and the high-speed camera gathers the image, the lower surface material is the stainless steel, wherein the fixed adhesion of lower surface and side becomes integrative, and it is fixed through 8 screwed connection with the upper surface, the upper surface passes through the screw fixation on stainless steel sleeve (5), stainless steel sleeve (5) are through fix with rivet outside stainless steel sleeve (7). The variable cylinder soakage body (3) is composed of upper surface transparent toughened glass and an opening transparent polycarbonate cylindrical pot (4), the diameter of the bottom surface of the cylindrical pot (4) is respectively 100mm, 150mm and 200mm, the height of the cylindrical pot is 40mm, the cylindrical pot can contain about 250ml, 500ml and 750ml of test liquid to carry out experiments, the cylindrical pot (4) is fixedly connected with the upper surface toughened glass through 4 lock catches, the upper surface toughened glass is fixed on the stainless steel sleeve (6) through screws, and the sleeve (6) is fixed outside the stainless steel sleeve (7) through rivets.
The torque testing system comprises a torque sensor (10), a rotating shaft (9), a rotating shaft (11), a mounting base, two couplers (8) and a torque testing setting and control system. The torque sensor (10) is produced by German Boster (BURSTER) precision instruments ltd, the model is 8661-5001-V0000, the test torque range is 0-1Nm, and the test error is within +/-0.04 Nm. The diameter of a rotating shaft (9) connected with the testing end is 5mm, and the diameter of a rotating shaft (11) connected with the end of the motor is 8 mm. The test end rotating shaft (9) is fixedly connected with the conical plate rotating shaft (13) through a coupler (8), and similarly, the motor end rotating shaft (11) is fixedly connected with the motor rotating shaft through the coupler. The torque sensor (10) is fixed on the fixing rod (25) through a mounting base.
The PIV test system comprises two pulse lasers, an optical path system (14), a high-speed camera (15), a synchronous controller (16), tracer particles and a computer (17) provided with PIV system software, and is shown in figure 2. The pulse laser (14) generates a pair of pulse laser planes and emits laser beams to a test fluid area, the pulse laser is connected with the synchronous controller (16), and the synchronous controller (16) generates signal pulses so as to control the double-pulse laser to emit laser. The high-speed camera (15) collects trace particle images of a laser plane in a test fluid field in a fixed interval time, one end of the high-speed camera is connected with the computer (17), the other end of the high-speed camera is connected with the synchronous controller (16), the computer controls the high-speed camera to work, the synchronous action between the camera and the data acquisition computer is controlled through the synchronous controller, and the PIV system software in the computer (17) controls the system to work and store data. During the experiment, a certain amount of tracer particles need to be added into the test liquid in advance. The variable volume test field (18) in fig. 2 is replaceable and variable in size, and comprises a variable rotating conical circular plate (1), a variable cylindrical test field (2) and a variable cylindrical wetting body (3), wherein the variable size is as described above.
The power system comprises a servo motor (26), a servo driver, a power line, a coding line and a fixed support. The servo motor (26) is of a type of Taida ECMA-C10604RS, the diameter of a rotating shaft is 14mm, the rated torque is 1.27Nm, the maximum torque is 3.82Nm, the rated current is 2.6A, the rated output power is 400W, the rotating speed is 5000r/min, the type of a servo driver is of a type of Taida ASD-A2-0421-M, the input voltage is 220V, the rated output power is 400W, and pulse and CAN OPEN control are supported.
The temperature testing and controlling system comprises a temperature testing system and a water bath temperature control device (21), wherein the temperature testing system comprises a temperature sensor (12), a temperature display screen and a mercury thermometer (20). Temperature sensor (12) are fixed at the upper surface of variable cylinder test domain (2), and the data line is worn out to insert automated control system through sleeve (7), and this temperature sensor (12) still is furnished with additional temperature display screen in addition, realizes the function that computer, display screen read the temperature value simultaneously. The water bath temperature control device (21) consists of a water bath temperature control cavity (22), a refrigeration compressor, a circulating pump, a temperature display screen, a temperature sensor and a full-automatic PID temperature setting program system. The mercury thermometer (20) is arranged in a water bath temperature control cavity (22) of the water bath temperature control device and is used for monitoring the temperature in the water bath in real time.
The automatic control system (19) comprises a circuit board, a control cabinet and a plurality of data lines. One end of the automatic control system is respectively connected with the servo driver, the torque sensor (10) and the temperature sensor (12), and the other end of the automatic control system is connected with a computer, so that the control of a test command and the input of test data are realized.
The equipment supporting system comprises a base (24), a lifting supporting platform (23), a fixing rod (25), a fixing screw and a fixing support.
Drawings
Purpose of the drawings: in order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments and technical solutions of the present invention, the drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly labeled and described below.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a tapered plate variable volume test domain system and a torque test system.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a PIV test system architecture.
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a tapered plate variable volume turbulence drag reduction evaluation device.
FIG. 4 is a parameter setting interface of a rheological device for testing turbulent drag reduction performance of additives
FIG. 5 is an additive turbulence drag reduction performance test fluid parameter set interface
FIG. 6 is a display interface of additive turbulence drag reduction test results
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical solutions in the present specification better understood, the technical solutions in one or more embodiments of the present specification will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in one or more embodiments of the present specification, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the specification, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by a person skilled in the art based on one or more embodiments of the present specification without making any creative effort shall fall within the protection scope of the embodiments of the present specification.
Embodiment 1: fluid rheological Property test (including fluid viscosity shear Property and viscosity temperature Property)
The variable-volume turbulence drag reduction evaluation device for the tapered plate can be used for testing rheological characteristics of fluid. Through the shear viscosity of this device experiment test fluid, based on shear viscosity test respectively the fluid the viscidity cut characteristic with glue the temperature characteristic and evaluate. During testing, by controlling the rotating speed n (or shearing rate) of the conical plate
) And measuring the anti-torque M (or the shear stress tau) of the conical plate during rotation so as to calculate and obtain the shear viscosity eta of the fluid, wherein the calculation expression is as follows:
evaluation of the viscous shear properties of fluids suggests testing with linearly varying shear rates. During testing, the shearing rate is controlled within a certain range, the shearing rate is gradually changed according to a linear rule from low to high or from high to low, a point taking interval is set, the change data of the fluid shearing stress and the shearing viscosity along with the shearing rate are obtained through testing, and the data result is analyzed so as to evaluate the viscosity-shear characteristic of the fluid. Wherein the shear stress tau is obtained by calculating the anti-torque value M measured by the torque sensor, and the shear rate
The method is obtained by calculating the rotating speed n of the conical plate, and the calculation expression of the conical plate drag reduction measuring device is as follows:
evaluation of the viscosity temperature properties of the fluids suggests testing with a constant shear rate. During testing, the temperature is controlled within a certain range, the temperature of a fluid domain is gradually increased or decreased according to a linear rule, a point taking interval is set, and a series of fluid shear viscosity values with constant shear rates and different temperatures are obtained through testing, so that the viscosity-temperature characteristic of the fluid is evaluated.
It should be noted that the rheological property test of the fluid requires the fluid to be performed in a laminar flow state, therefore, the present embodiment adopts a minimum tapered plate variable volume test domain system, wherein the diameter D of the variable rotary tapered circular plate (1) is 80mm, the diameter of the circular surface in the variable cylindrical test domain (2) is 90mm, and the diameter of the bottom surface of the cylindrical bowl (4) in the variable cylindrical soakage body (3) is 100 mm.
Embodiment 2: additive turbulence drag reduction efficiency test
The device for evaluating the resistance reduction of the tapered plate variable volume turbulence can be used for testing the resistance reduction efficiency of additive turbulence and evaluating the resistance reduction of various resistance reduction additives (polymers, surfactants and fibers).
The additive turbulence drag reduction efficiency test uses a linearly varying shear rate. Before testing, additive drag reduction solutions with different concentrations are prepared, and the additive is completely dissolved or dispersed in the solvent after standing for one week; during testing, firstly, pouring the prepared additive drag reduction solution into the open transparent polycarbonate cylindrical bowl (4), slowly fixing the cylindrical bowl (4) on the toughened glass above the cylindrical bowl, and soaking the solution in the variable cylinder testing area (2); opening a turbulence drag reduction test program at a PC end, selecting an additive turbulence drag reduction efficiency test module, setting a shear rate range, a shear rate change rate, a point taking interval and a stabilization time in the module, enabling a rotating conical circular plate (1) to have variable diameters, enabling the surface diameter of a variable cylindrical test domain (2), a test temperature and a test solutionRheological parameters (solution density, viscosity, additive concentration), etc., as shown in fig. 4 and 5; clicking to start after the parameters are set, starting rotary shearing of the conical plate, and formally starting experimental testing; after the test is finished, the PC end turbulence drag reduction test program records and displays the shearing rate
The shear stress tau, the solution viscosity eta, the rotation speed n, the anti-torque M, the friction coefficient f, the Reynolds number Re and the temperature t are shown in figure 6.
Through the variable volume turbulence drag reduction evaluation device of the tapered plate, the shear stress tau of additive solution with a plurality of concentrations and pure solvent without additive under the same shear rate and the same temperature is respectively tested, the additive turbulence drag reduction efficiency under different concentrations, different shear rates and different temperatures is calculated, the turbulence drag reduction performance of various additives is further evaluated, and the calculation expression is as follows:
wherein tau is0Shear stress for the same test conditions for a pure solvent without additives.
Embodiment 3: additive turbulence resistance reduction mechanical degradation rate test
The device for evaluating the turbulent drag reduction of the tapered plate with the variable volume can be used for testing the mechanical degradation rate of additive turbulent drag reduction, and evaluating the mechanical degradation resistance of various drag reduction additives (polymers, surfactants and fibers) in the turbulent drag reduction process.
The additive turbulent drag reduction mechanical degradation rate test is carried out by adopting a constant shear rate. The test is the same as the test procedure in the embodiment 2, and the difference is that a turbulent drag reduction test program is opened from the PC end, an additive turbulent drag reduction mechanical degradation rate test module is selected, a constant shear rate, a point taking interval, a stable time and a test time are arranged in the module, the diameter of a rotating conical circular plate (1) is variable, the surface diameter of a variable cylindrical test domain (2), a test temperature and a test solution rheological parameter (solution dissolution test domain (2)) are setLiquid density, viscosity, additive concentration), etc.; clicking to start after the parameters are set, starting to rotate the conical plate, and formally starting the experimental test; after the test is finished, the PC end turbulence drag reduction test program records and displays the shearing rate
Shear stress tau, solution viscosity eta, rotating speed n, anti-torque M, friction coefficient f, Reynolds number Re, test time and temperature t.
The method comprises the steps of testing the shear stress tau of additive solutions with a plurality of concentrations under corresponding shear rates and shear test time through a tapered plate variable volume turbulence drag reduction evaluation device, and calculating to obtain the additive turbulence drag reduction efficiency DR under different concentrations, different shear rates, different temperatures and different shear timesdegAnd further evaluating the mechanical degradation rate of turbulent drag reduction of the additive, wherein the calculation expression is as follows:
where DR is the turbulent drag reduction efficiency of additive solutions of the same concentration without mechanical degradation under the same test conditions.
Embodiment 4: additive drag reduction turbulence structure test
The device for evaluating the turbulent flow resistance reduction of the tapered plate with the variable volume can be used for testing an additive resistance reduction turbulent flow structure, and can be used for testing turbulent flow structures (comprising instantaneous speed U, time-average speed U, pulsation speed U', turbulent flow intensity I, turbulent flow energy k and Reynolds additional stress tau) of various resistance reduction additives (polymers, surfactants and fibers) in a cylindrical test domainijIsoparametric) were analyzed.
The additive drag reduction turbulent flow structure test can adopt a linearly-changed shear rate to carry out the test, and also can adopt a constant shear rate to carry out the test, namely the embodiment can analyze and research the drag reduction turbulent flow structure under the variable shear rate and the constant shear rate. The test is the same as the test procedure in embodiments 2 and 3, respectively, except that the PIV test system needs to be additionally started. When the additive drag reduction solution is prepared before testing, a certain amount of trace particles are additionally added into the test liquid, the pulse laser, the high-speed camera and the synchronous controller are started, the high-speed camera is fixed right above the variable volume test domain (18), and the position of the pulse laser is adjusted to ensure that the high-speed camera can completely irradiate the fluid test domain. And starting PIV system software at the PC end, setting PIV pulse laser parameters, image acquisition time interval of a high-speed camera and test time, and predicting the flow field shooting effect of the test conical plate when the test conical plate is static. And after the parameters are set, clicking the start of a turbulence drag reduction test program of the PC end, and starting PIV system data acquisition. After the test is finished, besides the rheological parameters recorded by the PC-end turbulence drag reduction test program, the instantaneous speed of the tracer particles recorded by the PC-end PIV system software and the acquired images of the high-speed camera are also recorded.
An additive drag reduction turbulence structure can be analyzed based on a data acquisition image, and the time-average velocity U, the pulsation velocity U', the turbulence intensity I, the turbulence energy k and the Reynolds additional stress tau are calculated based on the instantaneous velocity value of the tracer particlesijThe calculation expressions are respectively as follows:
time-average velocity U of the same circumferential particle in the fluid domain:
(r is the distance from the axis of rotation in the fluid zone)
Pulse velocity u': u ═ U-U (U is the instantaneous velocity of the missing particle collected by the PIV)
Turbulence intensity I:
(uτin order to determine the speed of the friction,
)
the turbulent kinetic energy k:
reynolds additional stress τij：
The device for evaluating the turbulent drag reduction based on the variable volume of the conical plate can be used for experimental research on rheological properties of an additive drag reduction solution, turbulent drag reduction performance and mechanical degradation properties of the additive and a turbulent drag reduction mechanism problem of the additive.
Claims (8)
1. A tapered plate variable volume turbulence drag reduction evaluation device is characterized by comprising a tapered plate variable volume test domain system, a torque test system, a PIV test system, a power system, a temperature test and control system, an automatic control system and an equipment support system; the tapered plate variable volume test domain system is used for containing a test solution, and the tapered plate in the system rotates to shear the test solution in an experiment; the torque testing system is used for testing the torque resistance of the conical plate during rotation testing and outputting the torque resistance to a computer; the PIV testing system is used for testing and analyzing a turbulent structure in a fluid domain to obtain small-scale turbulent vortex information; the power system is used for controlling the conical plate to rotate; the temperature testing and controlling system is used for adjusting and controlling the temperature of the fluid domain and testing and outputting a temperature value to the computer; the automatic control system is used for processing the torque value and the temperature value to the computer, and simultaneously the signal control power system outputs a driving force to drive the conical plate to rotate; the equipment supporting system is sequentially connected with a fixed base (24), a lifting supporting platform (23), a water bath temperature control cavity (22), a tapered plate variable volume test domain system, a torque sensor (10), a high-speed camera (15) and a servo motor (26).
2. The tapered plate variable volume turbulence drag reduction assessment device according to claim 1, wherein the tapered plate variable volume test domain system comprises a variable rotation tapered circular plate (1), a variable cylinder test domain (2), and a variable cylinder soaker (3), and the tapered plate variable volume test domain (18) is replaceable and has variable size; the variable diameter D of the variable rotary conical circular plate (1) is respectively 80mm, 130mm and 180mm, the edge thickness is 1mm, the thickness of the center of the conical circular plate is 2mm, the distance between the titanium alloy material and the variable cylindrical test domains (2) at two ends is 2mm, the distance S between the edge of the circular plate and the upper and lower variable cylindrical test domains (2) is 9.5mm, the circular plate is fixed on a rotating shaft 13, the diameter of the rotating shaft is 6mm, and the rotating shaft (13) drives the conical circular plate (1) to rotate; the variable cylinder testing domain (2) consists of an upper circular surface, a lower circular surface and an arc-shaped side surface, the diameters of the circular surfaces are respectively 90mm, 140mm and 190mm, the height of the arc-shaped side surface is 25mm and the thickness of the arc-shaped side surface is 3mm, the upper surface and the arc-shaped side surface are made of transparent polycarbonate, the lower surface is made of stainless steel, the lower surface and the side surface are fixedly adhered into a whole and are fixedly connected with the upper surface through 8 screws, the upper surface is fixed on a stainless steel sleeve (5) through the screws, and the stainless steel sleeve (5) is fixed outside the stainless steel sleeve (7) through rivets; the variable cylinder soakage body (3) is composed of upper surface transparent toughened glass and an opening transparent polycarbonate cylindrical bowl (4), the diameters of the bottom surfaces of the cylindrical bowls (4) are respectively 100mm, 150mm and 200mm, the height of each cylindrical bowl is 40mm, the cylindrical bowls are connected and fixed with the upper surface toughened glass through 4 lock catches, the upper surface toughened glass is fixed on the stainless steel sleeve (6) through screws, and the sleeve (6) is fixed outside the stainless steel sleeve (7) through rivets.
3. The tapered plate variable volume turbulence drag reduction assessment device of claim 1, wherein the torque test system comprises a torque sensor (10), a rotating shaft (9), a rotating shaft (11), a mounting base, two couplings (8), a torque test setup and control system.
4. The tapered plate variable volume turbulence drag reduction assessment device according to claim 1, wherein the PIV test system comprises two pulse laser and optical path systems (14), a high-speed camera (15), a synchronous controller (16), tracer particles, a computer (17) provided with PIV system software; the pulse laser (14) generates a pair of pulse laser planes, emits laser beams to a test fluid domain, is connected with a synchronous controller (16), generates signal pulses through the synchronous controller (16) to control the double-pulse laser to emit laser, the high-speed camera (15) collects trace particle images of the laser planes illuminating the test fluid domain within a fixed interval time, one end of the high-speed camera is connected with a computer (17), the other end of the high-speed camera is connected with the synchronous controller (16), the computer controls the high-speed camera to work, the synchronous action between the camera and a data acquisition computer is controlled through the synchronous controller, and the PIV system software in the computer (17) controls the system to work and store data.
5. The tapered plate variable volume turbulence drag reduction assessment device of claim 1, wherein the power system comprises a servo motor (26), a servo driver, power lines, encoding lines, and a fixed bracket.
6. The tapered plate variable volume drag reduction assessment device of claim 1, the temperature testing and controlling system comprises a temperature testing system and a water bath temperature control device (21), the temperature testing system comprises a temperature sensor (12), a temperature display screen and a mercury thermometer (20), the temperature sensor (12) is fixed on the upper surface of the variable cylinder testing domain (2), the data line passes through the sleeve (7) and is connected into the automatic control system, the temperature sensor (12) is provided with an external temperature display screen, the water bath temperature control device (21) consists of a water bath temperature control cavity (22), a refrigeration compressor, a circulating pump, a temperature display screen, a temperature sensor and a full-automatic PID temperature setting program system, the mercury thermometer (20) is arranged in a water bath temperature control cavity (22) of the water bath temperature control device.
7. The device for evaluating the variable-volume turbulent drag reduction of the tapered plate according to claim 1, wherein the automatic control system (19) comprises a circuit board, a control cabinet and a plurality of data lines, one end of the automatic control system is respectively connected with the servo driver, the torque sensor (10) and the temperature sensor (12), and the other end of the automatic control system is connected with a computer; the equipment supporting system comprises a base (24), a lifting supporting platform (23), a fixing rod (25), a fixing screw and a fixing support.
8. The fluid rheological behavior evaluation, additive turbulence reduction efficiency evaluation, additive turbulence reduction mechanical degradation rate evaluation, additive drag reduction turbulence structure analysis method using the device according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the method comprises:
1) the fluid rheological property evaluation method comprises the evaluation of fluid viscosity-shear property and viscosity-temperature property; the method for evaluating the viscous shear characteristic is characterized in that a shear rate with linear change is adopted for testing, during the testing, the shear rate is controlled to be linearly increased or decreased, a point taking interval is set, and the change data of the shear stress and the shear viscosity of the fluid along with the shear rate is obtained, so that the viscous shear characteristic of the fluid is evaluated; the viscosity temperature characteristic evaluation method is characterized in that a constant shearing rate is adopted for testing, during testing, the temperature is controlled to gradually increase or decrease according to a linear rule, a point taking interval is set, and fluid viscosity shearing viscosity values of different temperatures at the constant shearing rate are obtained, so that the viscosity temperature characteristic of fluid is evaluated; wherein the shear stress tau is obtained by calculating a torque resisting value M provided by the torque sensor, and the shear rate
The fluid shear viscosity eta is obtained by calculating the rotating speed n of the conical plate through the shear stress tau and the shear rate
And calculating to obtain the following calculation expressions:
2) the additive turbulence drag reduction efficiency evaluation method is characterized in that a shear rate with linear change is adopted for testing; before testing, preparing additive drag reduction solutions with different concentrations, standing for one week until the additive is completely dissolved or dispersed in the solvent; during testing, the variable-volume turbulence drag reduction evaluation device of the tapered plate is used for respectively testing the shear stress tau of additive solutions with a plurality of concentrations and pure solvents without additives at the same shear rate and the same temperature, and calculating to obtain the additive turbulence drag reduction efficiency values at different concentrations, different shear rates and different temperatures, so that the turbulence drag reduction performance of various additives is evaluated, wherein the calculation expression is as follows:
3) the additive turbulent flow drag reduction mechanical degradation rate evaluation method is characterized in that a constant shear rate is adopted for testing; during testing, the variable-volume turbulence drag reduction evaluation device of the conical plate is used for testing the shear stress tau of the additive solution with a plurality of concentrations at corresponding shear rates and shear test time, and the additive turbulence drag reduction efficiency DR under different concentrations, different shear rates, different temperatures and different shear times is calculateddeg(t) further evaluating the mechanical degradation rate of additive turbulent drag reduction, wherein the computational expression is as follows:
4) the additive drag reduction turbulent flow structure analysis method is characterized in that the linear change shear rate can be adopted for testing, and the constant shear rate can be adopted for testing; when the additive drag reduction solution is prepared before testing, a certain amount of tracer particles are additionally added into the testing liquid; during testing, the PIV testing system needs to be additionally started, the high-speed camera is fixed right above the variable volume testing domain (18), the position of the pulse laser is adjusted to ensure that the pulse laser completely irradiates the fluid testing domain, PIV pulse laser parameters are set, the time interval of image acquisition of the high-speed camera is set, and the time interval of image acquisition of the high-speed camera is set,Testing time and predicting the flow field shooting effect of the test conical plate when the test conical plate is static; after the test is finished, besides recording rheological parameters by a PC-end turbulence drag reduction test program, recording the instantaneous speed of trace particles and a flow field image acquired by a high-speed camera by PC-end PIV system software; an additive drag reduction turbulence structure can be analyzed based on data acquisition images, and the time-average velocity U, the pulsation velocity U', the turbulence intensity I, the turbulence energy k and the Reynolds additional stress tau can be calculated based on the instantaneous velocity values of the tracer particlesijAnd obtaining small-scale turbulent vortex information.
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