CN113654721B - Calibration method of pressure sensor considering characteristics of soil-structure contact surface - Google Patents
Calibration method of pressure sensor considering characteristics of soil-structure contact surface Download PDFInfo
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- CN113654721B CN113654721B CN202111067890.4A CN202111067890A CN113654721B CN 113654721 B CN113654721 B CN 113654721B CN 202111067890 A CN202111067890 A CN 202111067890A CN 113654721 B CN113654721 B CN 113654721B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
- G01L25/00—Testing or calibrating of apparatus for measuring force, torque, work, mechanical power, or mechanical efficiency
Abstract
The invention relates to a calibration method of a pressure sensor considering the characteristics of a soil-structure contact surface. The lower end of the digital display pressure gauge is provided with a circular loading plate and is positioned right above the sample placing cylinder, a structure object to be detected and a soil sample to be detected are placed in the sample placing cylinder from bottom to top in sequence, the film pressure sensor is in communication connection with an upper computer, the probe end of the film pressure sensor is positioned on the contact surface of the structure object to be detected and the soil sample to be detected, the upper computer is used for displaying a DO value corresponding to an electric signal output by the film pressure sensor under a certain pressure, the lead screw controls the digital display pressure gauge to move up and down and extrudes the soil sample to be detected in the sample placing cylinder, and the corresponding relation between multiple groups of DO values and the pressure is obtained, so that a DO-pressure calibration function is fitted in the upper computer, and the calibration of the pressure sensor is completed. The invention has compact structure and convenient use, and can realize the pressure measurement of the soil-structure contact surface under different working conditions.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of geotechnical engineering pressure measurement, in particular to a calibration method of a pressure sensor considering characteristics of a soil-structure contact surface.
Background
The film pressure sensor is a common pressure sensor, and is widely applied to the measurement of the pressure of the contact surface of the soil-structure object in various geotechnical engineering, such as measuring the soil pressure distribution and the soil pressure size of the surface of the structure object, such as a roadbed, a passive pile, a buried pipeline and the like.
In order to improve the measurement accuracy of the film pressure sensor, a calibration test is required before use, and a functional relationship between DO and pressure is established, so that the functional relationship is directly called to convert a DO value and a pressure value during actual measurement, and the pressure value on the surface of an actual structure is obtained.
However, the calibration device and method adopted by the existing film pressure sensor generally adopt the rubber to hold the film pressure sensor for calibration, and directly neglect the problem that the size of the soil sample particles to be measured and the material of the structure to be measured in the calibration environment affect the calibration result.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention provides a calibration method for a pressure sensor considering characteristics of a soil-structure contact surface. The method mainly includes completely simulating a contact surface of soil and a structure by a sample placing cylinder, obtaining corresponding DO average values under all levels of pressure in a pre-pressing and step-by-step pressure reduction mode before calibration, obtaining a DO value-pressure function curve by a fitting method, completing calibration of the film pressure sensor, and weakening the influence of the size of soil sample particles to be measured and the material of the structure to be measured on a calibration result to a certain extent in a pre-pressing and gradually reducing mode in the calibration process.
The invention relates to a calibration device of a calibration method of a pressure sensor considering the characteristics of a soil-structure contact surface, which comprises the following steps:
the sample placing cylinder is internally provided with a structure object to be tested and a soil sample to be tested from bottom to top in sequence;
the probe end of the film pressure sensor is positioned on the contact surface of the structure to be detected and the soil sample to be detected;
the digital display pressure gauge is arranged above the sample placing cylinder;
the lifting mechanism is connected with the digital display pressure gauge and is used for driving the digital display pressure gauge to move up and down so as to extrude the soil sample to be detected;
the signal collector is in communication connection with the film pressure sensor and is used for acquiring an electric signal output by the film pressure sensor and converting the electric signal into a DO value;
and the upper computer is used for acquiring pressure data displayed by the digital display pressure gauge and a DO value in the signal collector, determining a DO-pressure corresponding relation and fitting to obtain a DO-pressure function curve so as to finish the calibration of the film pressure sensor.
Further, elevating system includes the lead screw, lead screw bilateral symmetry distributes and two the same straight line optical axes and cover establish lead screw and two the epaxial loading slider of straight line optical axis, lead screw and two the straight line optical axis is located the coplanar, the loading slider with lead screw threaded connection, with two the straight line optical axis passes through slide bearing and connects, each slide bearing's outer wall with loading slider fixed connection, inner wall cover are one on the straight line optical axis.
Further, the lead screw top is equipped with mounting panel and hand wheel, below in proper order from bottom to top and is equipped with down the mounting panel, the lead screw upper end is run through go up the mounting panel and with hand wheel fixed connection, lower extreme insert in the mounting panel down, the lead screw upper and lower extreme respectively through support bearing with go up the mounting panel with the mounting panel is connected down, two support bearing's outer wall respectively with go up the mounting panel with mounting panel fixed connection, inner wall cover are in about the lead screw is served.
Furthermore, the upper ends of the two linear optical axes are fixedly connected with the upper mounting plate, and the lower ends of the two linear optical axes are fixedly connected with the lower mounting plate.
Furthermore, the digital display pressure gauge is arranged on one side of the loading slider, a circular loading plate is arranged at the lower end of the digital display pressure gauge, the sample placing cylinder is located under the circular loading plate, the diameter of the circular loading plate is equal to the inner diameter of the sample placing cylinder, a groove is formed in the upper surface of the lower mounting plate, and the sample placing cylinder is placed in the groove.
Furthermore, put a kind section of thick bamboo and put a kind storehouse concatenation down by last appearance storehouse and form, put a kind storehouse down and be used for the holding structure thing that awaits measuring, put a kind storehouse on and be used for the holding soil sample that awaits measuring, be equipped with the line hole on putting a kind section of thick bamboo outer wall.
In addition, the implementation also provides a calibration method according to the pressure sensor calibration device considering the characteristics of the soil-structure contact surface, and the calibration method comprises the following steps:
s1, applying the pressure of the maximum measuring range value of the film pressure sensor to the soil sample to be measured in the upper sample cabin, wherein the pressure application time is 2min, so that the soil sample to be measured can not generate dislocation settlement during subsequent calibration;
s2, continuously applying the pressure of the maximum range value, adjusting the sensitive parameters in the signal collector to control the actual DO value to be 80% of the rated value under the pressure of the maximum range value, protecting the components and recording the average DO value under the pressure of the maximum range value;
s3, reducing the pressure to 0N step by step, and simultaneously recording the DO average value under each stage of pressure;
and S4, fitting according to the multiple groups of pressure values and the corresponding DO average values to obtain a DO-pressure function curve so as to finish the calibration of the film pressure sensor.
Furthermore, the acquisition frequency of the signal acquisition device is 1HZ, the acquisition area is within 30-100S after pressure is applied, the descending amplitude of the gradually reduced pressure is smaller than the maximum range value which is 0.2 time, and the DO value is a voltage value or a current value.
Further, the calibration method is suitable for different working conditions:
when the natural state of the soil body does not influence the pressure borne by the surface of the structure in the actual working condition, the method is divided into two conditions, wherein the soil body has uniform particle size, a soil sample to be measured is directly obtained, the calibration of the thin film pressure sensor is completed according to the calibration method, and the soil body has non-uniform particle size, circular iron sheets with the thickness of 0.1-0.2 mm and the same diameter are firstly pasted on the front surface and the back surface of a probe of the thin film pressure sensor, then the soil sample to be measured is obtained, and the calibration of the thin film pressure sensor is completed according to the calibration method;
when the natural state of the soil body influences the pressure on the surface of the structure in the actual working condition, directly applying pressure to a probe of the film pressure sensor to finish monomer calibration of the film pressure sensor to obtain a monomer calibration function curve, then obtaining a soil sample to be measured in the soil body in the working condition, finishing calibration of the film pressure sensor according to the calibration method to obtain a DO-pressure function curve, and finally converting the two function curves by using a conversion formula to finish calibration of the film pressure sensor suitable for the working condition.
The technical scheme provided by the embodiment of the invention has the following beneficial effects: the pressure sensor calibration device and method considering the characteristics of the soil-structure contact surface have the advantages of high precision, small disturbance, dense measuring points, good flexibility and the like, simultaneously various working conditions of pressure measurement in actual geotechnical engineering are fully considered in the calibration method, and the method adopted under different conditions is provided; meanwhile, by means of prepressing before calibration, gradual pressure reduction during calibration and the like, the influence of the particle size of the soil sample to be measured and the material of the structure to be measured on the calibration result is avoided, and the calibration accuracy is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a calibration device of the calibration method of the pressure sensor considering the characteristics of the soil-structure contact surface provided by the invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of the sampler barrel 11 in fig. 1;
FIG. 3 is a flow chart of a calibration method of the pressure sensor considering the characteristics of the soil-structure contact surface provided by the invention;
FIG. 4 is a graph of a fitted calibration of the membrane pressure sensor 12 of FIG. 1;
in the figure: 1-hand wheel, 2-support bearing, 3-upper mounting plate, 4-sliding bearing, 5-loading slide block, 6-linear optical axis, 7-screw rod, 8-lower mounting plate, 9-digital display pressure gauge, 10-circular loading plate, 11-sample placing cylinder, 12-film pressure sensor, 13-wiring hole, 14-signal collector, 15-upper computer.
Detailed Description
To make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, embodiments of the present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Referring to fig. 1, an embodiment of the present invention provides a calibration method for a pressure sensor considering characteristics of an earth-structure contact surface, which is mainly applied to the technical field of geotechnical engineering pressure measurement, and a calibration device of the calibration method mainly includes: the device comprises a lifting mechanism, a digital display pressure gauge 9, a sample placing cylinder 11, a signal collector 14, a film pressure sensor 12 and an upper computer 15.
The lifting mechanism drives the digital display pressure gauge 9 to lift so as to extrude a soil sample to be detected in the sample placing cylinder 11, the thin film pressure sensor 12 in the sample placing cylinder 11 outputs an electric signal when being extruded, the upper computer 15 converts the electric signal into a DO value through the signal collector 14, determines a DO-pressure corresponding relation, and then fits to obtain a DO-pressure function curve so as to finish the calibration of the thin film pressure sensor 12.
Elevating system includes lead screw 7, 7 tops of lead screw are equipped with mounting panel 3 and hand wheel 1, below in proper order from bottom to top and are equipped with down mounting panel 8, 7 upper ends of lead screw run through go up mounting panel 3 and with 1 fixed connection of hand wheel, lower extreme insert in the mounting panel 8 down.
The lead screw 7 upper end is running through go up the position of mounting panel 3 and the lower extreme inserts each cover in the position of mounting panel 8 is equipped with support bearing 2 down, two support bearing 2's outer wall respectively with go up mounting panel 3 and lower mounting panel 8 fixed connection, lead screw 7 can be two support bearing 2 internal rotations, just so can pass through hand wheel 1 rotates lead screw 7.
The upper mounting plate 3 and the lower mounting plate 8 are 3cm thick in this embodiment.
The left side and the right side of the screw rod 7 are respectively provided with the same linear optical axis 6, the two linear optical axes 6 are symmetrically distributed along the screw rod 7, and the two linear optical axes 6 and the screw rod 7 are located in the same plane.
The upper ends of the two linear optical axes 6 are respectively fixedly connected with the upper mounting plate 3, and the lower ends of the two linear optical axes are respectively fixedly connected with the lower mounting plate 8.
The lead screw 7 and two the cover is equipped with loading slider 5 on the straight line optical axis 6, in this embodiment the loading slider appearance is "L" form, and it comprises mutually perpendicular's lower part and lateral part, loading slider 5 with lead screw 7 threaded connection, two straight line optical axis 6 all runs through the lower part of loading slider 5 just the department is being run through to loading slider 5 lower part is equipped with slide bearing 4, two slide bearing 4 outer wall all with loading slider 5 fixed connection, inner wall all overlap two on the straight line optical axis 6, loading slider 5 passes through two slide bearing 4 can follow two the straight line optical axis slides from top to bottom, just so can drive when lead screw 7 rotates loading slider 5 reciprocates.
The side of the loading slide block 5 is fixedly provided with a digital display pressure gauge 9, the lower end of the digital display pressure gauge 9 is provided with a circular loading plate 10, the sample placing cylinder 11 is located under the circular loading plate 10, the diameter of the circular loading plate 10 is equal to the inner diameter of the sample placing cylinder 11, the upper surface of the lower mounting plate 8 is provided with a groove, and the sample placing cylinder 11 is placed in the groove.
The appearance of the sample placing cylinder 11 is a hollow cylinder without a top cover, a structure to be tested and a soil sample to be tested are placed in the sample placing cylinder from bottom to top in sequence, the film pressure sensor 12 is placed in the structure to be tested, and the probe end of the film pressure sensor 12 is located on the contact surface of the structure to be tested and the soil sample to be tested.
Referring to fig. 2, the sample placing cylinder 11 is formed by splicing an upper sample placing chamber 1101 and a lower sample placing chamber 1102, the lower sample placing chamber 1102 is used for accommodating the structure to be detected, the upper sample placing chamber 1101 is used for accommodating the soil sample to be detected, a wire passing hole 13 is formed in the outer wall of the sample placing cylinder 11 on the spliced surface of the upper sample placing chamber 1101 and the lower sample placing chamber 1102, and the wire passing hole 13 is used for installing a wire of the film pressure sensor 12.
The upper computer 15 is in communication connection with the film pressure sensor 12 through the signal collector 14, the film pressure sensor 12 outputs an electric signal when sensing extrusion, the signal collector 14 collects the electric signal, converts the electric signal into a DO value and transmits the DO value to the upper computer 15, the upper computer 15 is used for acquiring pressure data displayed on the digital display pressure gauge 9 and the DO value uploaded by the signal collector 14, determining a DO-pressure corresponding relation and fitting to obtain a DO-pressure function curve, and calibration of the film pressure sensor is completed.
Referring to fig. 3 and 4, the present embodiment provides a calibration method according to the above calibration apparatus for a pressure sensor considering characteristics of an earth-structure contact surface, which includes the following steps:
and S1, applying the pressure of the maximum measuring range value of the film pressure sensor to the soil sample to be measured in the upper sample cabin, wherein the pressure application time is 2min, so that the soil sample to be measured can not generate dislocation settlement during subsequent calibration.
The circular loading plate 10 is moved through the hand wheel 1, so that the circular loading plate 10 extrudes the soil sample to be measured, the state is kept for 2min when the pressure value displayed by the digital display pressure gauge 9 is the maximum measuring range value of the film pressure sensor 12, and the soil sample to be measured can not be subjected to dislocation settlement during subsequent calibration.
And S2, continuously applying the pressure of the maximum range value, adjusting the sensitive parameters in the signal collector to control the actual DO value to be 80% of the rated value under the pressure of the maximum range value, protecting the components and recording the average DO value under the pressure of the maximum range value.
Continuously applying pressure with the maximum measuring range value of the film pressure sensor 12, and adjusting the sensitive parameters of the signal collector 14 to make the actual DO value displayed by the upper computer 15 be 80% of the rated DO value under the pressure, so that the damage of components can be prevented.
The signal collector 14 collects signals with a frequency of 1HZ, and the collection area is within 30-100S under the pressure.
In the present embodiment, the DO value is a voltage value or a current value.
S3, reducing the pressure to 0N step by step, and simultaneously recording the DO average value under each stage of pressure;
and reducing the pressure applied to the soil sample to be detected step by the amplitude of the maximum range value which is less than 0.2 time, and simultaneously recording the DO average value corresponding to each level of pressure.
And S4, fitting according to the multiple groups of pressure values and the corresponding DO average values to obtain a DO-pressure function curve so as to finish the calibration of the film pressure sensor.
The expression of the DO-pressure function curve in step S4 above is: f ═ a × DO, where F is pressure and a is fitting coefficient.
The calibration method is suitable for different actual working conditions:
when the natural state of the soil body does not influence the pressure borne by the surface of the structure in the actual working condition, the soil sample to be measured can be directly obtained from the actual working condition and calibrated, and the method can be divided into two conditions: when the soil particles in the actual working condition are uniform in size, the calibration of the film pressure sensor 12 under the working condition can be completed according to the steps of the calibration methods S1 to S4, so that a DO-pressure function curve is obtained; when the soil particles in the actual working condition are not uniform in size, firstly, circular iron sheets with the thickness of 0.1-0.2 mm and the same diameter are pasted on the front surface and the back surface of the probe of the film pressure sensor 12, and then the calibration of the film pressure sensor 12 under the working condition is completed according to the steps from the calibration method S1 to the calibration method S4, so that a DO-pressure function curve is obtained.
When the natural state of the soil body influences the pressure on the surface of the structure in the actual working condition, the soil sample to be measured cannot be directly obtained and calibrated, and the calibration can be completed by adopting a coefficient conversion algorithm, which is specifically as follows: firstly, monomer calibration is carried out on the film pressure sensor 12, namely, pressure is directly applied to a probe of the film pressure sensor 12, monomer calibration of the film pressure sensor 12 is completed, and DO is obtained (monomer) -a pressure function curve, expressed as: f (monomer) ＝A (monomer) ×DO (monomer) (ii) a Then, obtaining a soil sample to be measured in the soil body under the working condition, and completing the calibration of the film pressure sensor 12 according to the steps from S1 to S4 to obtain a DO-pressure function curve, wherein the expression is F ═ A × DO; and finally, completing conversion by adopting a formula:
in the formula F Practice of The actual pressure on the surface of the structure under the working condition.
In this document, the terms front, back, upper and lower are used to define the components in the drawings and the positions of the components relative to each other, and are used for clarity and convenience of the technical solution. It is to be understood that the use of the directional terms should not be taken to limit the scope of the claims.
The features of the embodiments and embodiments described herein above may be combined with each other without conflict.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and should not be taken as limiting the scope of the present invention, which is intended to cover any modifications, equivalents, improvements, etc. within the spirit and scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. The calibration method of the pressure sensor considering the characteristics of the soil-structure contact surface is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the calibration device of the calibration method of the pressure sensor considering the characteristics of the soil-structure contact surface comprises the following steps:
the sample placing cylinder is internally provided with a structure object to be tested and a soil sample to be tested from bottom to top in sequence;
the probe end of the film pressure sensor is positioned on the contact surface of the structure to be detected and the soil sample to be detected;
the digital display pressure gauge is arranged above the sample placing cylinder;
the lifting mechanism is connected with the digital display pressure gauge and is used for driving the digital display pressure gauge to move up and down so as to extrude the soil sample to be detected;
the signal collector is in communication connection with the film pressure sensor and is used for acquiring an electric signal output by the film pressure sensor and converting the electric signal into a DO value;
the upper computer is used for acquiring pressure data displayed by the digital display pressure gauge and a DO value in the signal collector, determining a DO-pressure corresponding relation and fitting to obtain a DO-pressure function curve so as to finish calibration of the film pressure sensor;
the calibration method comprises the following steps:
s1, applying the pressure of the maximum measuring range value of the film pressure sensor to the soil sample to be measured for 2min so as to ensure that the soil sample to be measured does not have dislocation settlement during subsequent calibration;
s2, continuously applying the pressure of the maximum range value, adjusting the sensitive parameters in the signal collector to control the actual DO value to be 80% of the rated value under the pressure of the maximum range value, protecting the components and recording the average DO value under the pressure of the maximum range value;
s3, reducing the pressure to 0N step by step, and simultaneously recording the DO average value under each stage of pressure;
s4, fitting according to the multiple groups of pressure values and the corresponding DO average values to obtain a DO-pressure function curve so as to finish the calibration of the film pressure sensor;
the calibration method is suitable for different working conditions:
when the natural state of the soil body does not influence the pressure borne by the surface of the structure in the actual working condition, the method is divided into two conditions, wherein the soil body has uniform particle size, a soil sample to be measured is directly obtained, the calibration of the thin film pressure sensor is completed according to the calibration method, and the soil body has non-uniform particle size, circular iron sheets with the thickness of 0.1-0.2 mm and the same diameter are firstly pasted on the front surface and the back surface of a probe of the thin film pressure sensor, then the soil sample to be measured is obtained, and the calibration of the thin film pressure sensor is completed according to the calibration method;
when the natural state of the soil body influences the pressure on the surface of the structure in the actual working condition, directly applying pressure to a probe of the film pressure sensor to finish monomer calibration of the film pressure sensor to obtain a monomer calibration function curve, then obtaining a soil sample to be measured in the soil body in the working condition, finishing calibration of the film pressure sensor according to the calibration method to obtain a DO-pressure function curve, and finally converting the two function curves by using a conversion formula to finish calibration of the film pressure sensor suitable for the working condition.
2. The method for calibrating a pressure sensor in consideration of characteristics of an earth-structure contact surface as set forth in claim 1, wherein: elevating system includes the lead screw both sides symmetric distribution and two the same straight line optical axis and cover are established lead screw and two the epaxial loading slider of straight line optical axis, lead screw and two the straight line optical axis is located the coplanar, the loading slider with lead screw threaded connection, with two the straight line optical axis passes through slide bearing and connects, each slide bearing's outer wall with loading slider fixed connection, inner wall cover are in one on the straight line optical axis.
3. The method for calibrating a pressure sensor in consideration of the characteristics of the earth-structure contact surface as set forth in claim 2, wherein: the lead screw top is equipped with mounting panel and hand wheel, below in proper order from bottom to top and is equipped with down the mounting panel, the lead screw upper end runs through go up the mounting panel and with hand wheel fixed connection, lower extreme insert in the mounting panel down, on the lead screw, the lower extreme respectively through support bearing with go up the mounting panel with the mounting panel is connected down, two support bearing's outer wall respectively with go up the mounting panel with mounting panel fixed connection, inner wall cover are in about the lead screw is last.
4. The method for calibrating a pressure sensor in consideration of the characteristics of the earth-structure contact surface as set forth in claim 3, wherein: the upper ends of the two linear optical axes are fixedly connected with the upper mounting plate, and the lower ends of the two linear optical axes are fixedly connected with the lower mounting plate.
5. The method for calibrating a pressure sensor in consideration of the characteristics of the earth-structure contact surface as set forth in claim 3, wherein: the digital display pressure gauge set up in loading slider one side, digital display pressure gauge lower extreme is equipped with circular loading plate, it is located to put a kind section of thick bamboo under the circular loading plate, the diameter of circular loading plate equals put a kind section of thick bamboo internal diameter, the upper surface of lower mounting panel is equipped with the recess, it places in to put a kind section of thick bamboo in the recess.
6. The method for calibrating a pressure sensor in consideration of characteristics of an earth-structure contact surface as set forth in claim 1, wherein: the sample placing cylinder is formed by splicing an upper sample placing bin and a lower sample placing bin, the lower sample placing bin is used for containing the structure object to be tested, the upper sample placing bin is used for containing the soil sample to be tested, and a wiring hole is formed in the outer wall of the sample placing cylinder.
7. The method for calibrating a pressure sensor in consideration of characteristics of an earth-structure contact surface as set forth in claim 1, wherein: the acquisition frequency of the signal acquisition device is 1HZ, the acquisition area is within 30-100S after pressure is applied, the descending amplitude of the gradually reduced pressure is smaller than the maximum range value which is 0.2 time, and the DO value is a voltage value or a current value.
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