CN113654497A - Measuring device and measuring method using the same - Google Patents
Measuring device and measuring method using the same Download PDFInfo
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- CN113654497A CN113654497A CN202010398033.1A CN202010398033A CN113654497A CN 113654497 A CN113654497 A CN 113654497A CN 202010398033 A CN202010398033 A CN 202010398033A CN 113654497 A CN113654497 A CN 113654497A
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- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 71
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 241001422033 Thestylus Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B21/00—Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant
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Abstract
The invention discloses a measuring device and a measuring method using the measuring device, which can be used for improving the measuring efficiency and accuracy of workpieces, wherein the measuring device comprises a measuring platform and at least three measuring reference devices, each measuring reference device comprises a base and a reference body, the bases are connected with the measuring platform, one end of each reference body is connected with the bases in a combined mode, the other end of each reference body is provided with a conical hole for placing a measuring head, the conical hole is preset with a plurality of layers of reference point coordinate values correspondingly matched with different measuring head diameters according to the diameter of the measuring head, and the measuring reference devices are marked with the plurality of layers of reference point coordinate values.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of workpiece measurement, and particularly relates to a measuring device and a measuring method using the measuring device.
Background
In the research and development process of automobiles, the precision detection of the whole automobile body is vital, the measurement of a three-coordinate measuring machine is mainly used in the industry, the three-coordinate measuring machine uses a 'reference hole', 'reference pin' and 'reference ball' preset on a measuring platform as reference elements to establish a measuring reference coordinate system in the whole measuring process, and when the three-coordinate measuring machine measures the whole automobile or other workpieces, the corresponding reference is firstly measured (namely the measuring reference coordinate system is established), and the measurement and the size evaluation are carried out under the corresponding reference; in addition, although there are many reference elements such as "holes", "pins", and "balls" which are used as reference elements in measurement, the above reference elements require many measurement points when measuring coordinate values thereof. If the hole measures at least 3 points, the pin measures at least 3 points, and the ball measures at least 4 points, it can be seen that the measurement efficiency is reduced to a certain extent because the number of the measurement points is large, and more measurement actions and data are needed, and measurement errors can be accumulated due to the large number of the measurement points, thereby affecting the measurement accuracy.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a measuring device and a measuring method using the same, which can be used for improving the measuring efficiency and accuracy of workpieces.
In a first aspect, the measuring device includes a measuring platform and at least three measuring reference devices, each measuring reference device includes a base and a reference body, the base is connected with the measuring platform, one end of the reference body is connected with the base in a combined manner, a taper hole for placing a measuring head is formed in the other end of the reference body, multiple layers of reference point coordinate values corresponding to different measuring head diameters are preset in the taper hole according to the diameter of the measuring head to be placed in, and the multiple layers of reference point coordinate values are marked on the measuring reference device.
Optionally, the measuring device includes three measuring reference devices, and each measuring reference device is distributed on the measuring platform at intervals and connected with the measuring platform in combination.
Optionally, the reference point coordinate values of at least three different measuring head diameters are preset in the taper hole according to the diameter of the measuring head.
Optionally, the base is a cylindrical shell, the bottom of the base is a circular bottom with a central circular hole, the periphery of the circular bottom extends out of the shell wall to form the cylindrical shell, the reference body is a circular cylinder, and the axis of the central circular hole of the cylindrical shell is provided with the reference body.
Optionally, a gap between the reference body and the base is marked with the multi-layer reference point coordinate values.
Optionally, the stylus is a spherical stylus.
Optionally, the measurement platform is a flat plate structure, the flat plate structure includes a plurality of mounting holes arranged in a longitudinal manner, and the measurement reference device is vertically mounted on the mounting holes of the measurement platform through a base;
or the like, or, alternatively,
the measuring platform is of a clamp structure, the clamp structure comprises a plurality of clamping parts, and the measuring platform is installed with the measuring reference device in a combined mode through the clamping parts.
A second aspect provides a measurement method using a measurement apparatus according to any one of the preceding first aspects, the measurement method including:
selecting at least three measuring reference devices from the measuring platform as measuring reference elements;
respectively putting measuring heads of the measuring machine into the taper holes of the at least three measuring reference devices, and attaching and pressing the measuring heads tightly to respectively obtain at least three measuring head coordinate values and at least three corresponding reference point coordinate values, wherein the at least three measuring head coordinate values are respectively coordinate values measured when the measuring heads are positioned in the taper holes of the at least three measuring reference devices, and each measuring head coordinate value corresponds to the reference point coordinate value corresponding to the diameter of the measuring head;
establishing a measurement reference coordinate system according to the at least three measuring head coordinate values and the corresponding at least three reference point coordinate values;
and measuring the position of the tested workpiece according to the measurement reference coordinate system.
Optionally, the selecting at least three measurement reference devices from the measurement platform includes:
and selecting at least three measuring reference devices which are not in the same straight line from the slave measuring platform.
Optionally, establishing a measurement reference coordinate system according to the at least three gauge head coordinate values and the corresponding at least three reference point coordinate values, including:
and fitting the at least three measuring head coordinate values and the corresponding at least three reference point coordinate values in a coordinate fitting method by taking the at least three reference point coordinate values as theoretical values so as to establish the measuring reference coordinate system.
Therefore, when the measuring device of the embodiment of the invention is used for measuring, a measuring reference coordinate system can be established through the measuring reference device, the measuring reference coordinate system is the guarantee of the accurate measuring work of the subsequent measuring machine, the measurement reference coordinate system can be established by selecting at least three measurement reference devices as reference elements on the measurement platform, single-point measurement can be completed by at least three points, the operation is quick and the precision is high, namely, the measurement reference coordinate system can be obtained by measuring the conical holes of at least three measurement reference devices, the measurement reference coordinate system can be established by only measuring at least three points, and the defects that in the prior art, when the holes, pins and balls of a workpiece are used as the reference elements, the invention can quickly establish a reference coordinate system without measuring a plurality of points, thereby improving the measuring efficiency. And because the measuring points are few, the accumulation of system measuring errors is also few, and the subsequent measuring precision is improved.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments of the present invention will be briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without inventive labor.
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a measurement performed by a measuring device according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a measuring reference device according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a measuring reference device according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is another schematic view of the measuring reference device of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a datum point on the measuring datum device of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a conversion principle of the reference taper hole coordinates and the reference point coordinates of the measuring reference device;
FIG. 7 is another schematic view of the measurement performed by the measuring device of the present invention;
fig. 8 is a schematic flow chart of a measuring method using the measuring apparatus in the present invention.
Description of reference numerals:
a measuring platform-1; measuring a reference device-2, a base-21, a reference body-22, a taper hole-221 and a multi-layer reference point coordinate value-23; a measuring machine-3 and a measuring head 31.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, not all, embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The embodiment of the invention provides a measuring device and a measuring method using the measuring device, which can be used for improving the measuring efficiency and accuracy of workpieces, wherein the workpieces can refer to various workpieces in industrial application, for example, in the field of vehicle manufacturing, the workpieces can refer to a whole vehicle body or some parts on a vehicle, and the embodiment of the invention is not limited in particular. The following are introduced separately:
in a first aspect, the present invention provides a measurement device:
referring to fig. 1 to 7, as shown in fig. 1, an embodiment of the present invention provides a measuring apparatus, where the measuring apparatus includes a measuring platform 1 and at least three measuring reference devices 2, each measuring reference device 2 includes a base 21 and a reference body 22, the measuring apparatus is connected to the measuring platform 1 through the base 21, one end of the reference body 22 is connected to the base assembly 21, and the other end of the reference body 22 is provided with a tapered hole 221 for placing a probe, where multiple layers of reference point coordinate values corresponding to different probe diameters are preset in the tapered hole 221 according to a diameter of a probe 31 to be placed therein, and the multiple layers of reference point coordinate values 23 are marked on the measuring reference device 2. In an embodiment, the probe 31 is a spherical probe, but in an actual application scenario, the probe may also be a probe with another shape.
Specifically, referring to fig. 4 to 6, the measurement reference device 2 is marked with the multi-layer reference point coordinate value 23, which is a reference point coordinate value corresponding to different diameters of the gauge head 31, is a center coordinate of the gauge head when the gauge head 31 is placed in the tapered hole 221 and attached to the tapered hole 221, and is a center coordinate of the spherical gauge head when the spherical gauge head is placed in the tapered hole 221 and attached to the tapered hole 221, for example, in the case of the spherical gauge head, the spherical gauge head is placed in the tapered hole 221 and attached to the tapered hole 221. The above-mentioned multilayer reference point coordinate values are coordinate values determined in advance by test and identified on the measurement reference device, specifically, for each measurement reference device 2, the manner of determining the corresponding multilayer reference point coordinate values is as follows: for example, assuming that there are a plurality of probes 31 with different diameters, which are respectively a probe a, a probe B, a probe C, and a probe … …, the present invention first uses the plurality of probes 31 with different diameters to respectively and correspondingly calculate a plurality of reference point coordinate values in the taper hole of the measurement reference device 2, including reference point 1(x1, y1, z1), reference point 2(x2, y2, z2), reference point 3(x3, y3, z3), and … …, that is, each probe 31 with different diameter will be uniquely matched with one reference point coordinate value, so that a plurality of layers of reference points which are layered and matched with the probes 31 with different diameters can be obtained, and the plurality of layers of reference point coordinate values are marked on the measurement reference device 2, so as to be conveniently used as reference point theoretical values in subsequent measurement. Referring to fig. 6, for each reference point coordinate value, the coordinate value can be obtained as follows: where h denotes the height of the tapered hole 221, r denotes the radius of the spherical probe 31, θ denotes the angle of the tapered hole, the coordinates of the tapered hole are the coordinates of the tapered point of the tapered hole 221, and if the coordinates of the tapered hole are expressed as (x0, y0, z0), the coordinates of the corresponding reference point of the spherical probe with radius r are (x0, y0, z0+ h), where h can be obtained by converting the functional relationship: h is r/sin (θ/2). Therefore, in the above manner, the reference point coordinates corresponding to the spherical probes of the respective diameters can be obtained and can be marked on the measurement reference device 2.
Optionally, the reference point coordinate values of at least three different gauge head diameters are preset in the taper hole according to the diameter in which the gauge head can be placed.
Optionally, the base 21 is a cylindrical housing, the bottom of the base 21 is a circular bottom with a central circular hole, the periphery of the circular bottom extends out of the housing wall to form the cylindrical housing, the reference body 22 is a circular cylinder, and the reference body 22 is installed on the axis of the central circular hole of the cylindrical housing. It should be noted that, in the embodiment of the present invention, specific shapes of the base 21 and the reference body 22 are not limited in particular, and in practical applications, the base 21 and the reference body 22 may also be other shapes, for example, other shapes such as other square shapes. In addition, the base 21 and the reference body 22 are coaxially installed through a central circular hole of the base, which may facilitate calculating and measuring coordinate values, and of course, in some embodiments, the base 21 and the reference body 22 may also be arranged non-coaxially, and the present invention is not limited thereto. Optionally, the gap between the reference body 22 and the base 21 is marked with the plurality of layers of reference point coordinate values, and it can be understood that the plurality of layers of reference point coordinate values are marked in the gap between the reference body and the base, which has both a protective effect and is convenient for matching and viewing.
Optionally, the measuring device includes three measuring reference devices 2, and each measuring reference device 2 is distributed on the measuring platform 1 at intervals and connected to the measuring platform 1 in combination. It should be noted that, the number of the measurement reference devices 2 installed and arranged on the measurement platform at least includes 3, but is not limited to a specific number, in the embodiment of the present invention, the measurement device includes three measurement reference devices 2, which can already meet the measurement requirement, and to a certain extent, the number of the measurement reference devices 2 on the measurement device can be reduced, so that the cost of the measurement device can be reduced. In some embodiments, as shown in fig. 1, the measuring devices may also be arranged on the measuring platform 1 in a number of more than three columns, and in practical applications, a plurality of measuring reference devices 2 are arranged, so that in practical tests, the most suitable measuring reference devices are selected as reference test points, and test convenience can be improved.
Optionally, the measurement platform 1 is a flat plate structure, the flat plate structure includes a plurality of mounting holes arranged in a longitudinal manner, and the measurement reference device 2 is vertically mounted on the mounting holes of the measurement platform through a base, which can be specifically shown in fig. 1. Alternatively, the measuring platform may be a jig structure including a plurality of clamping portions, and the measuring platform may be installed in combination with the measurement reference device through the clamping portions.
In a second aspect, the present invention provides a measuring method using the above measuring apparatus:
an embodiment of the present invention provides a measurement method using the above measurement apparatus, which can be used for measuring a workpiece, as shown in fig. 8, and the measurement method includes the following steps:
s10: and selecting at least three measuring reference devices from the measuring platform as measuring reference elements.
It will be appreciated that at least three measuring reference devices 2 are arranged on the measuring platform 1, so that at least three measuring reference devices 2 can be randomly selected from the measuring platform 1, that is, three or more measuring reference devices 2 can be selected from the measuring platform 1. In order to reduce the measuring effort, three measuring reference devices 2 can be selected as measuring reference elements.
S20: respectively putting a measuring head of the measuring machine into the taper holes of the at least three measuring reference devices, and attaching and pressing the measuring head tightly so as to respectively obtain at least three measuring head coordinate values and at least three corresponding reference point coordinate values, wherein the at least three measuring head coordinate values are respectively coordinate values measured when the measuring head is positioned in the taper holes of the at least three measuring reference devices, and each measuring head coordinate value corresponds to the reference point coordinate value corresponding to the diameter of the measuring head.
Taking the example of selecting three measuring reference devices 2 from the measuring platform 1, after selecting the measuring reference device 2, the measuring head 31 of the measuring machine 3 can be placed into the tapered holes 221 of the three measuring reference devices 2 and bonded and compressed, wherein the measuring head 31 is placed into different measuring reference devices 2 and bonded and compressed, and the reference point coordinate value and the measuring head coordinate value of the measuring head can be correspondingly obtained, because the measuring reference devices 2 are marked with the reference point coordinate values of measuring heads with different diameters in advance, the reference point coordinate value of the measuring head 31 can be read from the mark of the measuring reference device 2, wherein the measuring head coordinate value is the coordinate value measured when the measuring head is positioned in the tapered hole 221 of the measuring reference device 2 and bonded and compressed. In this way, a corresponding set of reference point coordinate values and stylus coordinate values can be obtained for each of the measurement reference devices 2, and therefore, three sets of corresponding reference point coordinate values and stylus coordinate values can be obtained for the three measurement reference devices 2.
Alternatively, in practical applications, at least three measuring reference devices 2 which are not in the same straight line can be selected from the slave measuring platform 1. For example, the selected measurement reference devices 2 are not required to be on a straight line at the same time, and may be distributed in a triangle or polygon, and the coordinate values obtained by the measurement reference devices 2 that are not on the same straight line have a reference value, so that the accuracy of the subsequent coordinate system can be ensured.
S30: establishing a measurement reference coordinate system according to the at least three measuring head coordinate values and the corresponding at least three reference point coordinate values;
s40: and measuring the position of the tested workpiece according to the measurement reference coordinate system.
In some embodiments, the at least three reference point coordinate values may be theoretical values, and the at least three gauge head coordinate values and the corresponding at least three reference point coordinate values are fitted in a coordinate fitting manner to establish the measurement reference coordinate system.
It will be appreciated that the workpiece being measured has a "workpiece coordinate system" (the reference marked on the drawing), and the measuring machine itself has a primary coordinate system — the "machine coordinate system". Because the measured workpiece and the measuring machine have different corresponding coordinate systems, the measuring machine needs to establish a measurement reference coordinate system before measurement, namely, the 'machine coordinate system' of the measuring machine needs to be converted into the 'workpiece coordinate system', so that the measured value can be matched with the drawing size of the workpiece (comparability of coordinate values under the same coordinate system). Usually, three elements on the workpiece have a set of corresponding coordinate values in the "workpiece coordinate system", and the measuring machine measures the three elements in the "machine coordinate system" to obtain the coordinate values in the "machine coordinate system", where the two sets of values are different due to the difference in coordinate systems. At the moment, the measuring machine takes the coordinate values of the three elements corresponding to the workpiece coordinate system as theoretical values, and transforms (translates and rotates) the coordinate values into a machine coordinate system, so that the measured values of the three elements are close to the theoretical values, the fitting transformation from the machine coordinate system to the workpiece coordinate system is realized, and finally the two coordinate systems are unified.
Therefore, when the measuring device provided by the embodiment of the invention is used for measuring, a measuring reference coordinate system can be established through the measuring reference device, and the measuring reference coordinate system is a guarantee for the accurate measurement work of a subsequent measuring machine. The invention can quickly establish a measuring reference coordinate system without measuring a plurality of points and test the position of the tested workpiece according to the established measuring reference coordinate, thereby improving the measuring efficiency.
The above-mentioned embodiments are only used for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention, and not for limiting the same; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; such modifications and substitutions do not substantially depart from the spirit and scope of the embodiments of the present invention, and are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The measuring device is characterized by comprising a measuring platform and at least three measuring reference devices, wherein each measuring reference device comprises a base and a reference body, the base is connected with the measuring platform, one end of the reference body is connected with the base in a combined mode, the other end of the reference body is provided with a taper hole for placing a measuring head, the taper hole is preset with multiple layers of reference point coordinate values correspondingly matched with different measuring head diameters according to the diameter of the measuring head to be placed in, and the multiple layers of reference point coordinate values are marked on the measuring reference devices.
2. The measurement device of claim 1, wherein the measurement device comprises three measurement reference devices, each measurement reference device being spaced apart from and connected to the measurement platform.
3. The measuring device according to claim 1, characterized in that the taper hole is pre-set with reference point coordinate values corresponding to at least three different gauge head diameters, according to the diameter of the inserted gauge head.
4. The measuring device of claim 1, wherein the base is a cylindrical housing, the bottom of the base is a circular bottom having a central circular hole, and the wall of the base extends around the circular bottom to form the cylindrical housing, the reference body is a circular cylinder, and the reference body is axially mounted in the central circular hole of the cylindrical housing.
5. The measurement device of claim 4, wherein a gap between the reference body and the base identifies the plurality of layers of reference point coordinate values.
6. A measuring device according to any one of claims 1 to 5 wherein the probe is a spherical probe.
7. The measuring device according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the measuring platform is a flat plate structure, the flat plate structure comprises a plurality of mounting holes arranged in a longitudinal manner, and the measuring reference device is vertically mounted on the mounting holes of the measuring platform through a base;
or the like, or, alternatively,
the measuring platform is of a clamp structure, the clamp structure comprises a plurality of clamping parts, and the measuring platform is installed with the measuring reference device in a combined mode through the clamping parts.
8. A measuring method using a measuring apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 7, the measuring method comprising:
selecting at least three measuring reference devices from the measuring platform as measuring reference elements;
respectively putting measuring heads of the measuring machine into the taper holes of the at least three measuring reference devices, and attaching and pressing the measuring heads tightly to respectively obtain at least three measuring head coordinate values and at least three corresponding reference point coordinate values, wherein the at least three measuring head coordinate values are respectively coordinate values measured when the measuring heads are positioned in the taper holes of the at least three measuring reference devices, and each measuring head coordinate value corresponds to the reference point coordinate value corresponding to the diameter of the measuring head;
establishing a measurement reference coordinate system according to the at least three measuring head coordinate values and the corresponding at least three reference point coordinate values;
and measuring the position of the tested workpiece according to the measurement reference coordinate system.
9. The method of claim 8, wherein said selecting at least three measurement reference devices from the measurement platform comprises:
and selecting at least three measuring reference devices which are not in the same straight line from the slave measuring platform.
10. A method according to claim 8 or 9, wherein establishing a measurement reference coordinate system based on the at least three gauge head coordinate values and the corresponding at least three reference point coordinate values comprises:
and fitting the at least three measuring head coordinate values and the corresponding at least three reference point coordinate values in a coordinate fitting method by taking the at least three reference point coordinate values as theoretical values so as to establish the measuring reference coordinate system.
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| CN202010398033.1A CN113654497A (en) | 2020-05-12 | 2020-05-12 | Measuring device and measuring method using the same |
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