CN113651899B - Ganoderma lucidum extract with low chroma and high polysaccharide content and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Ganoderma lucidum extract with low chroma and high polysaccharide content and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of preparation of food and cosmetic raw materials, and discloses a ganoderma lucidum extract with low chroma and high polysaccharide content and a preparation method thereof. The preparation method comprises the following steps: dynamically extracting Ganoderma with hot water, coarse-filtering with screen mesh, removing residue by butterfly centrifugation, fine-filtering with microfiltration membrane, concentrating, dynamically decolorizing with resin, concentrating, and drying to obtain Ganoderma extract with low chroma and high polysaccharide content. The preparation method adopts a hot water dynamic extraction process, combines centrifugation and microfiltration membrane fine filtration, not only improves the extraction rate of active substances, but also effectively reduces tiny insoluble substances in the ganoderma lucidum extract and reduces the interference on the development of various subsequent products. The macroporous adsorption resin is adopted for dynamic decolorization, organic solvent and acid-base elution are not required to be introduced, and the subsequent impurity removal operation is reduced. The method not only can effectively retain various active ingredients of the ganoderma lucidum, but also is simple to operate and suitable for large-scale production. Can be used for providing Ganoderma extract with low chroma and high polysaccharide content for food, health food, and cosmetic industry.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of preparation of food and cosmetic raw materials, and particularly relates to a ganoderma lucidum extract with low chroma and high polysaccharide content and a preparation method thereof.
Background
With the increase of public safety consciousness, the markets of a plurality of foods, health foods and cosmetics based on natural ingredients are rapidly developed. The natural components have the obvious advantages of low toxicity, low side effect and the like. Therefore, natural active ingredients extracted from medicinal plants and medicinal fungi are one of the important sources of raw materials of foods, health-care foods and cosmetics.
Ganoderma lucidum is a famous dual-purpose fungus used as both medicine and food in China, and has been used in traditional Chinese medicine for thousands of years. It is reported that it contains over 400 different bioactive compounds, wherein ganoderan, one of the main natural active ingredients of ganoderma, has a variety of potential effects, including immunity regulation, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, antibacterial, antiviral, blood glucose lowering, and antioxidant effects. Extracts derived from Ganoderma lucidum are widely used in the development of foods, health foods and cosmetics.
At present, various methods for preparing ganoderma lucidum extracts are reported, but in production, the ganoderma lucidum extracts are generally prepared by water extraction and screen filtration to remove residues. The Ganoderma extract prepared by the method is easy to generate a large amount of insoluble substances after redissolution, and is difficult to be directly applied to product development with high requirement on clarity. For example, patent CN 110447889A discloses a method for preparing ganoderma lucidum extract, which comprises using ganoderma lucidum fruit body as raw material, extracting with water, removing residue by butterfly centrifuge, concentrating, and coarse-filtering with filter with filtering precision of 5-15 μm to obtain ganoderma lucidum extract. The method adopts a butterfly centrifugal deslagging mode, so that tiny insoluble particles are difficult to remove, and the insoluble particles are difficult to remove by adopting a filter with the filtering precision of 5-15 mu m at the later stage. Patent CN 111467378A discloses a process for producing Ganoderma extract powder and its production line, which comprises extracting with water, filtering with filter, drying to obtain Ganoderma extract, pulverizing, and sieving with 80 mesh sieve to obtain Ganoderma extract powder. Because the method adopts a coarse filtration mode, a large amount of insoluble substances also exist after the prepared ganoderma lucidum extract powder is redissolved. In addition, the ganoderma lucidum contains a large amount of pigment and is very soluble in water. The Ganoderma extract prepared by conventional water extraction method has dark color, and trace addition of Ganoderma extract has low chroma, but the concentration of Ganoderma active substance is reduced, and the specific effect of Ganoderma is lost. Therefore, the ganoderma lucidum extract prepared by adopting a water extraction and coarse filtration mode is difficult to be directly applied to preparing liquid products with low chroma and high clarity.
In order to widely use the effective components of ganoderma, people develop various methods for decoloring ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide. Such as: CN 105017441A discloses a method for extracting ganoderan, which comprises the steps of degreasing with ethanol, extracting filter residue with water, concentrating, precipitating with ethanol, centrifuging, washing the precipitate with ethanol and acetone respectively, redissolving with distilled water, intercepting polysaccharide interception solution with a concentration value of more than 50KD with an ultrafiltration membrane, concentrating, collecting polysaccharide permeation solution with a concentration value of less than 80KD with the ultrafiltration membrane, centrifuging again, filtering, decolorizing with activated carbon, filtering, and spray-drying. Although the polysaccharide prepared by the method is white in color, the steps are extremely complicated, and an organic solvent is introduced,the polysaccharide yield is low, and a large amount of other active ingredients are lost, so that large-scale production is difficult. Patent CN 107698690A discloses a method for decolorizing ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide solution, which comprises adsorbing polysaccharide with weak base anion exchange resin, washing column with ethanol, alternately desorbing the polysaccharide adsorbed on the resin with hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide solution, adjusting pH of the eluate to neutral, concentrating, and drying to obtain decolorized ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide. The method adopts ion exchange resin for decolorization, has good decolorization effect, but adopts acid-base elution mode, so that the prepared polysaccharide contains more salt, and simultaneously, a large amount of Ganoderma active substances are lost in the preparation process. Patent CN 1944465A discloses a refining process of ganoderma spore polysaccharide, which adopts degreasing, water extraction, standing, filtration, concentration, alcohol precipitation, alcohol washing, drying, redissolution, centrifugation and H 2 O 2 Decolorizing, sevag deproteinizing, alcohol precipitating, alcohol washing, acetone washing, drying and the like. Although the method can prepare high-purity polysaccharide, the steps are complicated, and the large-scale production is difficult due to the introduction of an organic solvent. The ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide prepared by the methods has high purity, but in the polysaccharide decoloring process, organic solvents, salts and other substances are introduced, and meanwhile, a large amount of ganoderma lucidum active substances such as triterpenes, ergosterol, active peptides, amino acids, alkaloids and the like are lost.
In view of the above, the ganoderma lucidum extract prepared by the existing production has the defects of high chroma, more insoluble particulate matters, and difficult preparation process of ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide to effectively retain ganoderma lucidum triterpenoids, ergosterol, active peptides, amino acids, alkaloids and the like. Therefore, the development of a decolorized ganoderma lucidum extract which can effectively retain ganoderma lucidum active substances, can be rapidly prepared in a large scale and can be widely used for research and development of various common foods, health-care foods and cosmetics is urgently needed.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects and shortcomings of the prior art, the invention mainly aims to provide a preparation method of a ganoderma lucidum extract with low chroma and high polysaccharide content. The method is simple, can effectively retain Ganoderma active substances, does not need introduction of organic solvent and subsequent desalting, and is suitable for large-scale production of low-chroma Ganoderma extract.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a Ganoderma lucidum extract with low color and high polysaccharide content prepared by the above method. The Ganoderma extract can be widely used in various common foods, health foods and cosmetics, and has the advantages of low chroma, high clarity, wide application, and good effect.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a preparation method of a ganoderma lucidum extract with low chroma and high polysaccharide content comprises the following preparation steps:
(1) Dynamic extraction with hot water: placing Ganoderma fruiting body in an extraction tank, adding pure water, mixing, heating, stirring, extracting, filtering, and collecting Ganoderma water extract;
(2) Butterfly centrifugation: performing secondary deslagging on the ganoderma lucidum aqueous extract obtained in the step (1) by using a butterfly centrifuge, and collecting filtrate;
(3) Fine filtering: finely filtering the filtrate obtained in the step (2) by adopting a microfiltration membrane with the aperture of 200-1200 nm, removing residues, collecting the permeate, and concentrating to obtain a concentrated solution;
(4) Dynamically decolorizing the concentrated solution obtained in the step (3) by using macroporous adsorption resin, collecting decolorized solution, then cleaning by using pure water, collecting cleaning solution, and combining the decolorized solution and the cleaning solution;
(5) And (5) concentrating and drying the combined solution obtained in the step (4) to obtain the ganoderma lucidum extract with low chroma and high polysaccharide content.
Further, the material-liquid ratio of the ganoderma lucidum fruiting body and the pure water in the step (1) is 1.
Further, the temperature for heating, stirring and extracting in the step (1) is 65-100 ℃, the stirring speed is 90-180 rpm, and the extraction time is 0.5-3 h.
Further, the solid phase filtered in the step (1) is extracted for a plurality of times, and the extracting solutions are combined.
Further, the pore size of the microfiltration membrane in the step (3) is preferably 400 to 1000nm.
Further, the concentration in the step (3) is carried out by vacuum concentration or reverse osmosis concentration, so that the solid content in the concentrated solution is 80-300 g/L. More preferably, the solid content of the concentrated solution is 100 to 150g/L.
Further, the macroporous adsorption resin in the step (4) adopts HPD-100 or NKA-9 macroporous adsorption resin.
Further, the dynamic decolorization in the step (4) is carried out on the column according to the volume of the concentrated solution and the resin filler equal to 0.5-5:1; the concentrate is preferably subjected to column decolorization with a resin packing volume equal to 2:1.
Further, the pure water cleaning in the step (4) adopts pure water with the volume being 1-10 times of that of the filler; preferably, the washing is carried out with 4 times the volume of the filler of pure water.
Further, the concentration in the step (5) is carried out by vacuum concentration or reverse osmosis concentration, so that the solid content in the concentrated solution is 80-200 g/L.
Further, the drying in the step (5) is vacuum drying or spray drying.
Further, the solid recovery rate of the ganoderma lucidum extract with low chroma and high polysaccharide content prepared by the method is 80-93%, the ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide content is 10-14%, and the recovery rate of the ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide is 75-86%. (the solid recovery rate of the invention means the percentage of the total weight of the prepared ganoderma lucidum extract after decolorization to the total weight of the ganoderma lucidum extract before decolorization, and the recovery rate of the ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide means the percentage of the total weight of the prepared ganoderma lucidum extract polysaccharide after decolorization to the total weight of the ganoderma lucidum extract polysaccharide before decolorization).
A Ganoderma extract with low chroma and high polysaccharide content is prepared by the above method.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) The preparation method of the invention adopts a hot water dynamic extraction process, combines centrifugation and microfiltration membrane fine filtration, not only improves the extraction rate of active substances, but also effectively reduces micro insoluble substances in the ganoderma lucidum extract and reduces the interference on the development of various subsequent products.
(2) The method adopts macroporous adsorption resin (nonionic resin) to carry out dynamic decolorization on the ganoderma lucidum extract, does not need to introduce organic solvent and acid-base elution, and reduces subsequent impurity removal operation.
(3) Compared with the existing ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide decoloring method, the method not only can effectively retain various ganoderma lucidum active ingredients, but also is simple to operate and suitable for large-scale production.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a graph of a glucose standard in example 1;
FIG. 2 is a graph showing a comparison of the color of the extract of Ganoderma lucidum before decolorization in step (2) and that of the extract of Ganoderma lucidum after decolorization in step (4) in example 3;
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the polysaccharide contents of the extract of Ganoderma lucidum before decolorization in step (2) and the extract of Ganoderma lucidum after decolorization in step (4) in example 3;
FIG. 4 is a comparison of the color of the Ganoderma lucidum extract before decolorization in step (2) and the color of the Ganoderma lucidum extract after decolorization in step (4) in example 4;
FIG. 5 is a graph showing the polysaccharide content of Ganoderma lucidum extract before decolorization in step (2) and that of Ganoderma lucidum extract after decolorization in step (4) in example 4;
FIG. 6 is a graph comparing the DPPH radical scavenging ability of the decolorized Ganoderma lucidum extract and the decolorized Ganoderma lucidum extract obtained in example 5;
FIG. 7 is a graph comparing the ABTS free radical scavenging ability of the decolorized Ganoderma lucidum extract and the decolorized Ganodermataceae extract tested in example 6;
FIG. 8 is a graph comparing the tyrosinase activity inhibition ability of the decolorized Ganoderma lucidum extract and the decolorized Ganoderma lucidum extract obtained in example 7.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to examples and drawings, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto.
Example 1
This example is the preparation of a glucose standard curve:
(1) 50mg of analytically pure glucose (dried to constant weight at 105 ℃) is accurately weighed, and dissolved with distilled water to be 500mL to obtain 100 mu g/mL glucose standard solution.
(2) 0.00mL, 0.20mL, 0.40mL, 0.60mL, 0.80mL, and 1.00mL of the above-mentioned glucose standard solution were pipetted into 6 cuvettes, and 1.00mL, 0.80mL, 0.60mL, 0.40mL, 0.20mL, and 0.00mL of pure water were added in this order.
(3) 1.5mL of a 5% phenol solution and 7.0mL of concentrated sulfuric acid were added to the above test tubes, and the mixture was shaken and reacted for half an hour. After cooling, the OD was measured at 488nm using a spectrophotometer 488 The value is obtained.
(4) The results of the glucose standard curve plotted as the ratio of concentration to absorbance are shown in FIG. 1.
Example 2
The embodiment is a method for measuring the polysaccharide content of ganoderma lucidum extract:
(1) Accurately preparing Ganoderma extract solution with solid content of 1%.
(2) Precipitating polysaccharide with ethanol: adding 5m of the above 1% Ganoderma extract solution into 25mL of anhydrous ethanol, shaking, and precipitating overnight.
(3) And (3) centrifuging the polysaccharide alcohol precipitation solution obtained in the step (2) at 4000rpm for 15min, removing supernatant, taking precipitate, adding 30mL of absolute ethyl alcohol, repeating the operation twice, dissolving the precipitate with deionized water to a constant volume of 100mL (which can be determined according to the amount of the precipitate), and thus obtaining the polysaccharide solution.
(4) Sucking 1mL of the above polysaccharide solution into a 10mL colorimetric tube, adding 1.5mL of phenol and 7.0mL of concentrated sulfuric acid, shaking up, and reacting for half an hour. After cooling, the OD was measured at 488nm using a spectrophotometer 488 The value is obtained.
(5) The total polysaccharide content of the ganoderma lucidum extract was calculated using the glucose standard curve obtained in example 1.
Example 3
This example is a preparation of low color and high polysaccharide content ganoderma lucidum extract:
(1) 20 kg of crushed Ganoderma lucidum (Ganoderma lucidum) fruiting body is taken, and pure water is added according to the material-liquid ratio of 1 to 20 to prepare Ganoderma lucidum fruiting body suspension. Heating the suspension to 90 ℃, stirring and extracting at 90rpm for 60min, and filtering by using a 200-mesh screen; extracting the residue with 15 times of water, filtering with 200 mesh sieve, and mixing extractive solutions to obtain 640L Ganoderma lucidum extractive solution.
(2) And (3) carrying out secondary deslagging on the ganoderma lucidum extracting solution subjected to coarse filtration by the screen in the step (1) by using a butterfly centrifuge, and collecting filtrate.
(3) And (3) finely filtering the filtrate obtained in the step (2) by using a microfiltration membrane with the thickness of 800nm, collecting permeate, and then concentrating the permeate in vacuum to obtain ganoderma lucidum water-extraction concentrated solution with the solid matter content of about 100 g/L.
(4) And (3) sampling the aqueous ganoderma lucidum extract concentrated solution and the NAK-9 resin filler in a volume ratio of 2:1, adding pure water with the volume 4 times that of the filler after the concentrated solution completely permeates the filler, cleaning active substances such as ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide and the like remained in gaps of the resin, and collecting the liquid completely permeating the resin to obtain the aqueous ganoderma lucidum extract decoloration solution.
(5) Vacuum concentrating the water-extracted decolorized Ganoderma lucidum solution to obtain water-extracted decolorized Ganoderma lucidum concentrate with solid content of 150g/L, and spray drying to obtain Ganoderma lucidum extract with low chroma and high polysaccharide content.
The content of polysaccharides in the ganoderma lucidum extract obtained in this example was determined to be 13.8%, the solid recovery rate was 93%, and the polysaccharide recovery rate was 86%.
FIG. 2 shows the chromaticity comparison between the extract (1% content) of Ganoderma lucidum before decolorization in step (2) and the extract (0.2%, 0.5%, 1% content, respectively) of Ganoderma lucidum after decolorization in step (4). Polysaccharide content of Ganoderma extract before decolorization and Ganoderma extract after decolorization are shown in figure 3.
Example 4
This example is a preparation of a low-chroma high-polysaccharide content decolorized ganoderma lucidum extract:
(1) 20 kg of crushed Ganoderma leucocontextum fruiting body is taken, and pure water is added according to the material-liquid ratio of 1. Heating the suspension to 80 deg.C, extracting under stirring at 120rpm for 60min, filtering with 200 mesh sieve, extracting the residue with 15 times of water, filtering with 200 mesh sieve, and mixing extractive solutions to obtain 500L of white Ganoderma extract.
(2) And (2) carrying out secondary deslagging on the white ganoderma lucidum extract subjected to coarse filtration by the screen in the step (1) by using a butterfly centrifuge, and collecting filtrate.
(3) And (3) finely filtering the filtrate obtained in the step (2) by using a 500nm microfiltration membrane, collecting the permeate, and then concentrating the permeate in vacuum to obtain the white ganoderma aqueous extract concentrated solution with the solid matter content of about 150g/L.
(4) And (2) sampling the white ganoderma lucidum water extraction concentrated solution and HPD-100 resin filler in a volume ratio of 1.5, adding pure water with the volume 4 times that of the filler after the concentrated solution completely permeates through the filler, cleaning active substances such as white ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide and the like remained in gaps of the resin, and collecting the liquid completely permeating through the resin, namely the white ganoderma lucidum water extraction decoloration solution.
(5) And (3) carrying out vacuum concentration on the white meat water-extraction decolorized solution to obtain a concentrated solution with the solid content of 200g/L, and then carrying out spray drying to obtain the low-chroma high-polysaccharide-content decolorized white meat ganoderma lucidum extract.
The content of polysaccharide in the ganoderma leucocontextum extract obtained in the example is determined to be 12.3%, the solid recovery rate is 90%, and the polysaccharide recovery rate is 78%.
In this example, the chromaticity comparison between the Ganoderma sinense extract (1% content) before decolorization in step (2) and the Ganoderma sinense extract (0.2%, 0.5%, 1% content, respectively) after decolorization in step (4) is shown in FIG. 4. The polysaccharide content of Ganoderma leucocontextum extract before decolorization and Ganoderma leucocontextum extract after decolorization are shown in FIG. 5.
Example 5
This example tests the DPPH radical scavenging activity of the obtained ganoderma lucidum extract:
(1) Accurately weighing 0.0197g of DPPH, dissolving with absolute ethyl alcohol, and metering to 250mL to obtain 0.2mmol/L DPPH working solution.
(2) Preparing a certain amount of decolorized Ganoderma lucidum extract or Ganoderma Sinense Baijiu extract with distilled water into decolorized Ganoderma lucidum extract or Ganoderma Sinense Baijiu extract solution with concentration of 0, 0.1%, 0.2% and 0.5%, respectively.
(3) Respectively sucking 50 μ L of the above decolorized Ganoderma lucidum extract or Ganoderma Sinense extract solution with different concentrations, placing in 96-well plate, adding 150 μ L of DPPH solution, and each group comprises three solutions. And (3) carrying out the reaction for 1 hour at room temperature in a dark place, and measuring the absorbance value at 517nm by using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay instrument after the reaction is finished.
(4) The measured OD value was calculated according to the following formula:
in the formula D Control Is DPPH solution OD value, D of Ganoderma lucidum extract or Ganoderma sinense extract solution without decolorization Blank space The decolorized Ganoderma extract or Ganoderma sinense extract solution has OD value of itself, D Sample (I) Is OD value of decolorized Ganoderma lucidum extract or Ganoderma leucocontextum extract solution after reaction with DPPH solution.
The test results are shown in fig. 6. As can be seen from the results of FIG. 6, both the decolorized Ganoderma lucidum extract and the Ganoderma leucocontextum extract of the present invention have significant DPPH radical scavenging ability.
Example 6
This example tests the ABTS free radical scavenging activity of the obtained ganoderma lucidum extract:
(1) 200mL of 0.2mol/L phosphate buffer solution (PBS, pH 7.4) was prepared.
(2) 17.57mg of potassium persulfate was dissolved in distilled water to a volume of 25mL to prepare a 2.6mM potassium persulfate solution.
(3) 101.5mg of ABTS was dissolved in distilled water, and the volume was adjusted to 25mL to prepare a 7.4mM ABTS solution.
(4) Respectively sucking 10mL of potassium persulfate solution and ABTS solution, mixing uniformly in equal volume, keeping out of the light, and reacting at room temperature for 12-16 hours.
(5) Preparing a certain amount of decolorized Ganoderma lucidum extract or Ganoderma leucocontextum extract powder with distilled water to obtain decolorized Ganoderma lucidum extract or Ganoderma leucocontextum extract solution with concentration of 0, 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.5%, 1% and 2%, respectively.
(6) Diluting the solution reacted in the step (4) by 15 times with 0.2mol/L phosphate buffer solution to prepare ABTS working solution for later use.
(7) Respectively sucking 50 μ L of decolorized Ganoderma lucidum extract or Ganoderma leucocontextum extract solution with different concentrations in step (5), placing in 96-well plate, adding 150 μ L of ABTS working solution, each group of three in parallel. The reaction is carried out for 5 minutes at room temperature in a dark place, and the absorbance value of 734nm is measured by a microplate reader.
(8) The measured OD value was calculated according to the following formula:
in the formula D Control of The OD value of ABTS working solution is not added with decolorized Ganoderma lucidum extract or Ganoderma leucocontextum extract solution, D Blank space The decolorized Ganoderma extract or Ganoderma sinense extract solution has OD value of itself, D Sample (I) Is OD value of decolorized Ganoderma extract or Ganoderma Sinense extract solution after reaction with ABTS solution.
The test results are shown in fig. 7. As can be seen from the results of FIG. 7, both the decolorized Ganoderma lucidum extract and the Ganoderma leucocontextum extract of the present invention have significant ABTS free radical scavenging ability.
Example 7
This example tests the tyrosinase inhibitory activity of the obtained ganoderma lucidum extract:
(1) Weighing 4.76mg of tyrosinase, dissolving in water to a constant volume of 10mL, preparing 476 microgram/mL of tyrosinase solution, and then diluting 1mL of 476 microgram/mL of tyrosinase solution to 5mL to prepare 95.2 microgram/mL of tyrosinase working solution.
(2) Preparing a certain amount of decolorized Ganoderma lucidum extract or Ganoderma leucocontextum extract powder with distilled water to obtain decolorized Ganoderma lucidum extract or Ganoderma leucocontextum extract solution with concentration of 0, 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.5%, 1% and 2%, respectively.
(3) 9.88mg of LOPA was weighed out and dissolved in distilled water to a volume of 50mL to prepare a 1mM LOPA solution.
(4) 80 mu L of decolorized ganoderma lucidum extract or ganoderma leucocontextum extract solution is respectively put into a 96-hole enzyme label plate, 120 mu L of 1mM DOPA solution is added, and 50 mu L of tyrosinase working solution is finally added, wherein three solutions in each group are parallel. Reacting at 37 ℃ in the dark for 30 minutes, and measuring the absorbance value OD at 475nm by using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay 475 。
(5) The measured OD value was calculated according to the following formula:
in the formula D Control Is red without decolorizationAdding only the OD values of the DOPA solution and the tyrosinase solution to the solution of the Ganoderma extract or the white meat extract; d Blank space Is decolorized Ganoderma lucidum extract or Ganoderma leucocontextum extract solution itself OD value, D Sample(s) Is OD value of decolorized Ganoderma extract or Ganoderma atrum extract solution after mixing reaction with DOPA solution and tyrosinase solution.
The test results are shown in fig. 8. As can be seen from the results of FIG. 8, both the decolorized Ganoderma lucidum extract and the Ganoderma atrum extract of the present invention have significant tyrosinase inhibitory activity.
The above embodiments are preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and any other changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications which do not depart from the spirit and principle of the present invention should be construed as equivalents thereof, and all such changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications are intended to be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. A preparation method of a ganoderma lucidum extract with low chroma and high polysaccharide content is characterized by comprising the following preparation steps:
(1) Dynamic extraction with hot water: placing Ganoderma fruiting body in an extraction tank, adding pure water, mixing, heating, stirring, extracting, filtering, and collecting Ganoderma water extract;
(2) Butterfly centrifugation: carrying out secondary deslagging on the ganoderma lucidum aqueous extract obtained in the step (1) by using a butterfly centrifuge, and collecting filtrate;
(3) Fine filtering: finely filtering the filtrate obtained in the step (2) by adopting a microfiltration membrane with the aperture of 200-1200 nm, removing residues, collecting the permeate, and concentrating to obtain a concentrated solution;
(4) Dynamically decolorizing the concentrated solution obtained in the step (3) by using macroporous adsorption resin, collecting decolorized solution, then cleaning by using pure water, collecting cleaning solution, and combining the decolorized solution and the cleaning solution;
(5) Concentrating and drying the combined solution obtained in the step (4) to obtain the ganoderma lucidum extract with low chroma and high polysaccharide content;
the material-liquid ratio of the mixture of the ganoderma lucidum fruiting body and the pure water in the step (1) is 1; the temperature for heating, stirring and extracting is 65-100 ℃, the stirring speed is 90-180 rpm, and the extracting time is 0.5-3 h;
concentrating in the step (3) by adopting vacuum concentration or reverse osmosis to ensure that the solid content in the concentrated solution is 80-300 g/L;
in the step (4), the macroporous adsorption resin adopts HPD-100 or NKA-9 macroporous adsorption resin; the dynamic decolorization is carried out by loading the concentrated solution and resin filler into a column for decolorization according to the volume of 1-5:1; the pure water cleaning is carried out by adopting pure water with the volume of 1-10 times of that of the filler;
concentrating in the step (5) by adopting vacuum concentration or reverse osmosis to ensure that the solid content in the concentrated solution is 80-200 g/L; the drying is vacuum drying or spray drying.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the solid phase filtered in step (1) is extracted several times, and the extracts are combined.
3. The method for preparing the ganoderma lucidum extract with low color and high polysaccharide content as claimed in claim 1, wherein the pore size of the microfiltration membrane in the step (3) is 400-1000 nm.
4. The method for preparing the ganoderma lucidum extract with low chroma and high polysaccharide content according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the solid recovery rate of the prepared ganoderma lucidum extract with low chroma and high polysaccharide content is 80 to 93 percent, the ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide content is 10 to 14 percent, and the recovery rate of the ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide is 75 to 86 percent.
5. A low-color high-polysaccharide content Ganoderma lucidum extract, characterized by being obtained by the method of any one of claims 1 to 4.
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| JPS5657801A (en) * | 1979-10-16 | 1981-05-20 | Morinaga & Co Ltd | Ganoderma lucidum karst component and its preparation |
| CN102838686B (en) * | 2012-09-28 | 2014-11-12 | 天津商业大学 | Method for preparing high-purity agaricus blazei murrill polysaccharide |
| CN106749732A (en) * | 2016-12-21 | 2017-05-31 | 中央民族大学 | Artemisia rupestris extraction method of polysaccharides |
| CN107698690A (en) * | 2017-10-20 | 2018-02-16 | 何伟冬 | A kind of discoloration method of GL-B solution |
| CN108003249A (en) * | 2017-10-31 | 2018-05-08 | 海盐县凌特生物科技有限公司 | A kind of extracting method of ground bettle polysaccharide |
| CN108341890A (en) * | 2018-05-09 | 2018-07-31 | 四川岚晟生物科技有限公司 | A kind of extracting method of ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide |
| CN109053914A (en) * | 2018-06-15 | 2018-12-21 | 华南农业大学 | A kind of purifying process of Cordyceps militaris Thick many candies one-step method decoloration and removing protein |
| CN111110642A (en) * | 2020-01-03 | 2020-05-08 | 西安医学院 | Anoectochilus roxburghii polysaccharide dispersible tablet and preparation method thereof |
| CN113215206B (en) * | 2021-04-26 | 2022-07-26 | 天津科技大学 | Preparation and purification method of grifola frondosa polysaccharide with high antioxidant activity |
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