CN1136503A - Printing medium and its printing method and its method for producing printing matters - Google Patents
Printing medium and its printing method and its method for producing printing matters Download PDFInfo
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- CN1136503A CN1136503A CN 96100289 CN96100289A CN1136503A CN 1136503 A CN1136503 A CN 1136503A CN 96100289 CN96100289 CN 96100289 CN 96100289 A CN96100289 A CN 96100289A CN 1136503 A CN1136503 A CN 1136503A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
- B41M—PRINTING, DUPLICATING, MARKING, OR COPYING PROCESSES; COLOUR PRINTING
- B41M5/00—Duplicating or marking methods; Sheet materials for use therein
- B41M5/50—Recording sheets characterised by the coating used to improve ink, dye or pigment receptivity, e.g. for ink-jet or thermal dye transfer recording
- B41M5/52—Macromolecular coatings
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
- B41M—PRINTING, DUPLICATING, MARKING, OR COPYING PROCESSES; COLOUR PRINTING
- B41M5/00—Duplicating or marking methods; Sheet materials for use therein
- B41M5/50—Recording sheets characterised by the coating used to improve ink, dye or pigment receptivity, e.g. for ink-jet or thermal dye transfer recording
- B41M5/502—Recording sheets characterised by the coating used to improve ink, dye or pigment receptivity, e.g. for ink-jet or thermal dye transfer recording characterised by structural details, e.g. multilayer materials
- B41M5/506—Intermediate layers
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
- B41M—PRINTING, DUPLICATING, MARKING, OR COPYING PROCESSES; COLOUR PRINTING
- B41M5/00—Duplicating or marking methods; Sheet materials for use therein
- B41M5/50—Recording sheets characterised by the coating used to improve ink, dye or pigment receptivity, e.g. for ink-jet or thermal dye transfer recording
- B41M5/502—Recording sheets characterised by the coating used to improve ink, dye or pigment receptivity, e.g. for ink-jet or thermal dye transfer recording characterised by structural details, e.g. multilayer materials
- B41M5/508—Supports
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- Ink Jet Recording Methods And Recording Media Thereof (AREA)
- Inks, Pencil-Leads, Or Crayons (AREA)
- Ink Jet (AREA)
Abstract
Disclosed herein is a printing medium comprising a surface layer having liquid permeability and an ink-retaining layer, wherein a pore volume of pores corresponding to a peak not greater than 100 nm in a pore diameter distribution curve of the printing medium is at most 0.015 cc/g, a pore volume of pores corresponding to at least one of peaks greater than 100 nm is at least 0.015 cc/g, and the pH of the surface layer is at least 8.
Description
The present invention relates to the printed medium of a kind of image with good oil suction China ink and formation excellent performance aspect painted, gloss and fastness, use the printing process of this printed medium, and the method for producing printed matter.
Ink-jet printing system is because of it is realized easily at a high speed, panchromatic and high density printing comes into the picture.Can utilize the printing equipment of ink-jet printing system also to promote well.As the printing that is used for this ink-jet printing system, can mention the coated paper of the special use of in Japanese Patent Application 59-35977 for example, introducing.
But, the structure of the coated paper of this special use is on the surface of the absorbed layer that is retained in paper as much as possible of the printed reagent in the printing ink, this is because the image that forms on the paper is the cause of being watched on one side by the print surface of paper, but its shortcoming is formed image variation aspect durability (for example resistance to water) and storage property.In order to improve printability (for example absorbency), the colorability of printed reagent, and the quality definition of the image of being printed, painted, optical density and gloss, a kind of printed medium described in Japanese Patent Application 62-140878 has been proposed, print surface wherein with watch the surface to differ from one another.This printed medium is that a reservation ink lay and the porous surface on the transparent substrates material are lumped together formation layer by layer.Print on one side from superficial layer, on one side the image that prints is then watched from base material.
In ink-jet printing system, various water-soluble dyes are dissolved in respectively in the liquid mixture of water or water and organic solvent, use formed solution as printing ink.But the printing ink that uses this water-soluble dye usually causes the problem of gained image light fastness variation owing to the light fastness difference of water-soluble dye own.
In addition, because this printing ink is water miscible, so the resistance to water of the image of printing out usually also is a problem.That is, when the image of printing out was drenched with rain or spattered sweat or drinking water, image may fog or fade.
On the other hand, same problem even can appear on the writing implement that uses dyestuff, for example ball pen.In order to solve the problem of light fastness and resistance to water, the various water-base pigment printing ink that are used for writing implement were proposed once.Wherein carried out about dispersion stability, prevent printing ink the tip of the brushstyle of a writing or painting solidify or the ball wearing and tearing that prevent ball pen so that make water-base pigment printing ink drop into the example of Research on Practical Application, can enumerate Japanese Patent Application 58-80368,61-200182,61-247774,61-272278,62-568,62-101671,62-101672,1-249869 and 1-301760.Use the ball pen and the marker pen of water-base pigment printing ink to put on market as commodity recently.Japanese Patent Application 56-147859 and 56-147860 etc. have proposed a kind of pigment ink of particular water solubility solvent and polymeric dispersant that uses as the jetted ink that uses water-base pigment printing ink.
As mentioned above, the existing many proposals of using about ink jet printing of pigment ink.
Along with the improvement of ink-jet printing apparatus, for example print speed printing speed is accelerated and the polychrome printing of image, and also the requirement printed medium that is used for ink jet printing has more senior and character widely in recent years.More particularly, require them to satisfy for example following performance simultaneously:
(1) do not cause misalignment with the dyestuff inherent colour, and can realize suitable colour mixture;
(2) has high absorbency (absorptive capacity is big, and soak time is short);
(3) the color dot optical density height of Xing Chenging, periphery is clear;
(4) color dot of Xing Chenging is rounded basically, and periphery is smooth;
(5) even when temperature and humidity changes, performance is also almost constant, and does not curl;
(6) adhesion;
(7) can be stored in image that it forms above steadily in the long term and non-variation (particularly in high temperature and high humidity environment); With
(8) even long term storage (especially in high temperature and high humidity environment) is also stable, never degenerate.
As mentioned above, recently existing in a large number in order to improve the report that in ink jet printing, uses pigment ink at the resistance to water of the image that forms on the printed medium and light fastness.
But, when pigment ink being used for this print surface and watching the surface that the printed medium of opposite relation is arranged as described above, such problem appears, that is, Yi Bian when watching the surface to watch, the optical density of the image that forms on medium is low, color difference.
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of printed medium, use the printing process of this printed medium and the method for producing printed matter, described printed medium comprises the print surface that differs from one another and watches the surface, satisfy above-mentioned character simultaneously with the relation that is in admirable proportion, when on print surface with the pigment ink printing that can produce firm performance (for example above-mentioned resistance to water and light fastness) and when watching the surface on one side to watch image, can provide to have high light intensity and painted excellent images.
Above target can realize by the present invention who narrates below.
According to the present invention, a kind of printed medium is provided, it contains a superficial layer and a reservation ink lay with liquid permeability, wherein with the printed medium pore size distribution curve in be no more than the corresponding hole, peak of 100nm pore volume be at most 0.015cc/g, and be at least 0.015cc/g with at least one pore volume greater than the corresponding hole, peak of 100nm.
According to the present invention, a kind of printing process also is provided, comprising according to printing signal ink jet from spray-hole,, all contain the granules of pigments of average grain diameter in 100nm to 500nm scope in each printing ink so that printing ink is applied on the above-mentioned printed medium with the drop form.
According to the present invention, a kind of method of producing printed matter also is provided, comprising applying printing ink to the superficial layer of above-mentioned printed medium with ink-jet system, all contain the granules of pigments of average grain diameter in 100nm to 500nm scope in each printing ink, on reservation printing ink, form image thereby pass superficial layer.
Fig. 1 is the vertical intercept of getting along the ink flow approach, illustrates the example of the printhead that is applicable to the ink-jet printing apparatus that prints on printed medium of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the cross section of the printhead in Fig. 1 of line 2-2 intercepting.
Fig. 3 is the outward appearance perspective view of an exemplary bull structure.
Fig. 4 illustrative load onto the ink-jet printing apparatus example of printhead.
A main feature of the present invention is to print on printed medium as the printing ink of printed reagent key component with the various pigment that all contain, the print surface of printed medium and watch the surface to be in each other relation of plane, this is that the conventional printed medium on same surface is different with print surface with watching the surface.
More particularly,, on superficial layer, print, on one side the image that prints out then watches the reservation ink lay of face to watch from conduct as printing surface with printing ink according to the present invention.
Therefore, superficial layer has good liquid permeability, that is, and and fast Absorption and see through the function put on its lip-deep printing ink.
At this moment, superficial layer must have high affinity to the liquid medium in the printing ink, and is simultaneously quite low for the affinity as the pigment of printed reagent, and must make pigment and can pass hole in the superficial layer.If the particle diameter of boring ratio pigment is little, then pigment can not pass the hole and be delayed at print surface on one side, this will cause when watching the surface to see formed image optical density low and the problem of aberration.
Therefore, superficial layer must constitute by this way,, select the liquid medium in the printing ink is not had the material of performances such as wetting, infiltration and diffusion, and its hole is greater than the particle diameter of pigment that is.Simultaneously, the pH of superficial layer must be adjusted to so medium pH (in stable p H zone), so that the pigment in the printing ink at printing ink agglomeration does not take place during by the hole in the superficial layer.
On the other hand, the absorbency that keeps ink lay must be greater than superficial layer, so that absorb and catch the printing ink that temporarily is absorbed in the superficial layer.The pH that more preferably keeps ink lay should fall into a pH zone (lower than the pH in the stable p H zone), and the wherein pigment agglomeration in the printing ink is because more can improve the water-fast and moisture-proof of gained image.The pH of superficial layer or reservation ink lay is the value of measuring according to this Measure ment of Paper of Surface pH (J.TAPPI Test Methods for Paper and Pulp.No.6-A) in the present invention.
Therefore, keep ink lay and must not only also have high affinity to the liquid medium in the printing ink but also to the printed reagent in the printing ink.
The back will elaborate to the present invention according to embodiment.
Printed medium of the present invention comprises a kind of base material as substrate, basically absorb and catch the reservation ink lay of printing ink or its printed reagent effect and keeping directly accepting printing ink but not keeping the superficial layer of printing ink basically of forming on the ink lay playing of forming in the substrate.In addition, be at most 0.015cc/g with the pore volume in the corresponding hole, peak that is no more than 100nm in the printed medium pore size distribution curve, and be at least 0.015cc/g with at least one pore volume greater than the corresponding hole, peak of 100nm.
In above structure,, then not necessarily need base material if superficial layer or reservation ink lay have the function as substrate concurrently.Can use any known usually base material as the base material that uses among the present invention.Concrete example comprises the base material of printing opacity, plastic sheeting, sheet or the plate that constitutes by mylar, diacetate esters resin, triacetate resin, polystyrene resin, polyvinyl resin, polycarbonate resin, polymethacrylate resin, cellophane, celluloid, Corvic, polyimide resin etc. for example, and glass flake or plate.
As mentioned above, the image that is printed on the printed medium of the present invention is to watch from the one side opposite with printing surface.Therefore, can carry out any processing, as long as the base material of being processed keeps good light transmittance matter to base material.For example, might make base material have desired decorative pattern or gloss, for example soft gloss or mercerising coating decorative pattern.
Also might make base material have resistance to water, wearability and resistance to blocking.
The superficial layer that constitutes printed medium of the present invention need have good liquid permeability.
" liquid permeability " speech is meant a kind of like this character, that is, printing ink can pass through fast, so that do not keep the printed reagent in the printing ink basically in superficial layer.A kind of embodiment preferred that is used to improve liquid permeability is to make superficial layer have loose structure, has the hole of crack or connection in the inside of superficial layer.
Because being used in the average grain diameter of the granules of pigments in the printing ink of the present invention generally is in the scope of 100nm to 500nm, so following condition is also very important, promptly, be at most 0.015cc/ with the pore volume in the corresponding hole, peak that is not more than 100nm in the printed medium pore size distribution curve, and be at least 0.015cc/g with at least one pore volume greater than the corresponding hole, peak of 100nm.If with the pore volume in the corresponding hole, peak that is not more than 100nm greater than 0.015cc/g, then the granules of pigments in the printing ink is retained in the superficial layer, thereby can't form the image with enough optical density and brightness.Similarly, on pore size distribution curve be higher than the average grain diameter that corresponding aperture, 100nm peak must be higher than granules of pigments.
On the other hand, if with greater than the pore volume in the corresponding hole, peak of 100nm less than 0.015cc/g, then formed printed medium variation aspect liquid permeability can only form the lower image of optical density and brightness.
The pore size distribution curve of mentioning among the present invention is with pressing the mercury porosimeter to measure.A kind of device that is used for this measurement that can mention is porosimeter Poresizer 9320 (trade name, Tianjin, island company makes).
Because be the reflected image of watching printing from the opposite of print surface of the present invention as mentioned above, superficial layer preferably has good light diffusion character.
The superficial layer that satisfies above-mentioned character mainly is made of resin particle and adhesive.
As the resin particle that is used for the present invention, can use at least a organic resin as required, the thermoplastic resin and the thermosetting resin that for example printed reagent are not had adsorptivity, for example, such as the powder and the emulsion of resins such as polyethylene, polymethacrylates, elastomer, vinyl-vinyl acetate copolymer, styrene-propene acid copolymer, polyester, polyacrylate and polyvingl ether.
Be used for resin particle of the present invention and be not limited to above resin particle, any common material all can use, as long as it does not have absorbability for printed reagent.
The preferable particle size of resin particle is at 0.3-20 μ m, more preferably 0.5-12 μ m.If particle diameter is less than the lower limit of above scope, then the permeability of granules of pigments becomes insufficient in the printing ink, has in formation to encounter problems aspect the image of enough optical density (OD)s.On the other hand, if the some circularity that particle diameter greater than the upper limit of above scope, will form on the gained superficial layer is compromised probably, so the gained image has harsh feeling.
The adhesive that is used for the present invention has resin particle is bonded to one another and/or resin particle is bonded to the function that keeps ink lay, and it must not have adsorptivity to printed reagent as resin particle.
As the preferred material of adhesive, can use known any material usually, as long as it has above function.For example, can use one or more resins as required, for example polyvinyl alcohol, acrylic resin, styrene-propene acid copolymer, vinyl-vinyl acetate copolymer, starch, polyvinyl butyral resin, gelatin, casein, ionomer, gum arabic, carboxymethyl cellulose, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyacrylamide, phenol resin, melamine resin, epoxy resin and SBR styrene butadiene rubbers.
Use above-mentioned material to be adjusted at least 8, preferred 8-10 with pH with superficial layer.When the pH of superficial layer was lower than 8, agglomeration was in superficial layer probably for the pigment in the printing ink, so the optical density (OD) of gained image is when becoming insufficient from keeping when printing ink one side is seen.On the other hand, when pH was too high, the gained image is painted to descend probably.
If only can not reach required pH, can be used in combination various cations or anion surfactant, various cations or anionic polymer or oligomer, and various pH conditioning agent by above-mentioned substance.
Such anionic compound is not particularly limited, as long as they contain anionicsite in its molecule.
The examples of anionic surfactants that can mention has alkylbenzenesulfonate, alkyl sulfate, alkylnaphthalene sulfonate, alkylphosphonic, alkyl-thio-succinate, naphthalene sulfonic acid-formaldehyde condensation product and polyxyethylated phosphate.Also can comprise the imidazoles betaine and the alanine class surfactant that contain anionicsite.
Anionic polymer or oligomer comprise that those have sulfonic group, carboxyl, sulfate radical phosphate radical, phenolic hydroxyl group, alcoholic extract hydroxyl group and/or similar group in its molecule.Preferred all polymer and the oligomer with sulfonic group, carboxyl, sulfate radical, phosphate radical, phenolic hydroxyl group, alcoholic extract hydroxyl group and/or similar group, for example terminal carboxyl polyester that obtains by polycarboxylic acid and polyol reaction of using; Acid cellulose derivative by various polycarboxylic acid modifications; The homopolymers of polycarboxylic vinyl ether-ether monomer and analog, or the copolymer of they and other common monomer; The homopolymers of (methyl) acrylic acid or analog, or the copolymer of they and other common monomer; A, the homopolymers of β-unsaturated ethylene thiazolinyl monomer such as maleic anhydride and itaconic acid or the like, or the copolymer of they and other common monomer; The polymer of the sulfonic acid modified that obtains with azochlorosulfonate acid compound modified polyvinylalcohol or vinyl alcohol copolymer; Have hydroxyl such as ethyl cellulose, benzylcellulose, hydroxyethylcellulose and hydroxypropyl cellulose, or the like.
Cationic compound is not particularly limited, as long as they contain cationic moiety in its molecule.
The example of cationic surfactant comprises quaternary cationic surfactant, for example the ammonium chloride of chlorination one alkylammonium, chlorination dialkyl ammonium, chlorination tetra-allkylammonium, chlorination trimethyl puratized agricultural spray and oxirane adduction; And amine salt cationoid surfactant.Also can comprise amphoteric surfactant, for example alkyl betaine, imidazoles betaine and contain the alanine class surfactant of cationic moiety.
The example of cationic polymer and oligomer has the cation-modified product of polyacrylamide, the copolymer of acrylamide and cationic monomer, polyallylamine, polyamine-sulfone, polyvinylamine, polyethylene imine based, polyamide epichlorohydrin resin and polyvinyl haloperidid.
The copolymer that also can comprise the homopolymers of vinyl pyrrolidone class monomer or they and other common monomer; The copolymer of the homopolymers of second alkene base oxazole alkanes monomer or they and other common monomer; And the copolymer of vinyl imidazole class monomer or they and other common monomer.
The example of common monomer comprises methacrylate, acrylate, acrylonitrile, vinyl ethers, vinyl acetate, ethene and styrene.Cation-modified polyvinyl alcohol, cellulose or the like also can use.Much less cationic substance is not limited to these surfactants and polymer or oligomer.
The example of pH conditioning agent comprises ammonia, various organic amine, as diethanol amine and triethanolamine, and inorganic alkylating agent, as alkali metal hydroxide, as sodium hydride, lithium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide, organic acid, and inorganic acid.
Can use two or more of these different compounds simultaneously.
For the above-mentioned functions of enhanced surface layers, can in superficial layer, add various additives, for example surfactant, bleeding agent, crosslinking agent and/or other similar substance in case of necessity.
The weight mixing ratio of resin particle and adhesive is preferably from 1: 2 to 50: 1 scope, preferably from 3: 1 to 20: 1.
If mixing ratio is lower than 1: 2, then the hole of crack or connection diminishes in formed superficial layer, so the blotting effect reduces.On the other hand, if mixing ratio surpasses 50: 1, then resin particle each other and/or and keep can not be fully bonding between the ink lay, the result can not form superficial layer.
The thickness of superficial layer can become with the amount of the ink droplet that will apply, but preferred in the scope of from 1 to 200 μ m, preferably from about 3 to 50 μ m.
The reservation ink lay of having caught printing ink or printed reagent wherein basically plays absorption and catches the printing ink that passes superficial layer, thereby enduringly they is remained in effect wherein basically.
The ink absorption ability that keeps ink lay should be better than superficial layer, if because keep a little less than the absorbency specific surface layer of ink lay, the lip-deep printing ink that then is applied to superficial layer can partly be retained in the superficial layer when seeing through superficial layer, and the front end of printing ink arrives the reservation ink lay, so the printing ink at the interface between superficial layer and reservation ink lay is along the lateral infiltration and the diffusion of superficial layer.The result is that the definition of the image of printing descends, and can not form high-quality image.Keep ink lay and also should have good light transmittance, because as mentioned above, formed image is to watch from the opposite of print surface.
Satisfy the above reservation ink lay that requires preferably by a kind of cation type resin of the printing opacity that can adsorb printed reagent and/or a kind ofly in printing ink, have the hydrophilic resin of the printing opacity of good solubility and swelling property to constitute.
It has no particular limits for constituting the material that keeps ink lay, as long as can absorb and catch printing ink and good light transmission is arranged.
For the thickness that keeps ink lay, necessary condition just will be enough to absorb and catch printing ink.But this thickness is advisable with from 1 to 50 μ m, preferred 3 to 20 μ m, but it can become with the amount of the ink droplet that will apply.
The pH that keeps ink lay preferably is not higher than 6, more preferably 4-6.When the pH that keeps ink lay is within this scope, reach the pigment that keeps ink lay keep on the printing ink aspect or within it portion alleviate agglomeration, the image that the result can form the diffusion of coloring matter less and have good resistance to water and moisture-proof.
If only do not reach required pH with above-mentioned substance, also can be used in combination above-mentioned various cation or anion surfactant, various cation or anionic polymer or oligomer, and various pH conditioning agent.
As in substrate, forming the method that keeps ink lay and superficial layer, preferably above-mentioned each material is dispersed in respectively in the suitable solvent so that make painting preparation, painting preparation is coated in the substrate with known method (for example roller coat, scraper coating, spraying or airblade coating method) commonly used according to aforementioned order, dry rapidly then.Also can adopt the method with heat seeling coating method coating material, perhaps form single thin slice by each material, the sheet layer that will form like this is pressed in suprabasil method again.
But, when in substrate, having the reception ink lay, must make substrate and keep the ink lay good bond, so that eliminate the slit.
It is worthless having the slit between substrate and the reservation ink lay, because on the surface of the image of printing random scatters can take place, thereby reduces the optical density of real image.
In printing process of the present invention, print surface and watch the surface to be in position respect to one another.Therefore, when printable character, must use a kind of device different with conventional equipment, that can print the reflected image character.
Have no particular limits for the pigment ink that is used for ink-jet of the present invention.The back will briefly explain it.
The pigment quantities that contains in the various pigment inks that use among the present invention is preferably the 1-20% of total weight, preferably 2-12%.Any pigment all can be used for the present invention.For example, as the carbon black that is used in the black ink, can use the carbon black according to oven process or the production of flue method, it should have following character: the primary particle diameter is in the scope of 15-50nm, and specific surface is determined as 50-300m by the BET method
2/ g, oil absorption is determined as 40-150ml/100g with the DBP method, and volatile matter is 0.5-10%, and pH is from 2 to 9.For example, can use commercially available carbon black product, No.2300 for example, No.900, MCF88, No.33qNo.40qNo.45, No.52, MA7, MA8 and No.2200B (trade name, be Mitsubishi Chemical industrial group product entirely), RAVEN1255 (trade name, Columbian carbon Japan Co., Ltd product), REGAL400R, REGAL330R, REGAL660R and MOGUL L (trade name, be Cabot company product entirely) and Color Black FW1, Color BlackFW18, Color Black S170, Color Black S150, Printex35 and Printex U (trade name is Degussa company product entirely).The pigment example that is used in Huang, magenta and the cyan ink has C.I. pigment yellow 1, C.I. pigment yellow 2, C.I. pigment yellow 3, C.I. pigment yellow 13, C.I. pigment yellow 16 and C.I. pigment yellow 83; C.I. paratonere 5, C.I. paratonere 7, C.I. paratonere 12, C.I. pigment red 48 (Ca), C.I. pigment red 48 (Mn), C.I. paratonere 57 (Ca), C.I. pigment red 112 and C.I. pigment red 122; And C.I. pigment blue 1, C.I. alizarol saphirol 2, C.I. alizarol saphirol 3, C.I. pigment blue 15: 3, C.I. pigment blue 16, C.I. alizarol saphirol 22, C.I. vat blue 4 and C.I. vat blue 6.But, be not limited to these pigment.Self-evident, except above-mentioned pigment, also can use freshly prepd those pigment of the present invention that are used for implementing.
As the dispersing of pigments agent that is used for containing in the used printing ink of the present invention, can use any resin and do not have any special restriction, as long as it is a water-soluble resin.But, preferably use mean molecule quantity from 1000 to 30000, those resins of from 3000 to 15000 preferably.The instantiation of this class dispersant comprises block copolymer, random copolymer and the graft copolymer by at least two kinds of monomers (wherein at least a is hydrophilic) formation, and the salt of these copolymers, above-mentioned monomer is selected from styrene, styrene derivative, vinyl naphthalene, vinyl naphthalene derivative, a, the ester of the aliphatic alcohol of β-ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acids, acrylic acid, acrylic acid derivative, maleic acid, maleic acid derivatives, itaconic acid, derivatives from itaconic acid, fumaric acid, fumaric acid derivatives etc.These resins are alkali soluble resins, and they are dissolved in the aqueous solution of alkali.In addition, can use homopolymers or its salt that constitutes by hydrophilic monomer.Also can use water-soluble resin, for example polyvinyl alcohol, carboxymethyl cellulose and naphthalene sulfonic acids-formaldehyde condensation products.
Also can use cationic dispersing agent, for example contain the acrylic copolymer of quaternary ammoniated following monomeric units such as useful methyl chloride, dimethyl sulfate, benzyl chloride, chloropropylene oxide: methacrylic acid N, N-dimethylamino ethyl ester, acrylic acid N, the N-dimethylamino ethyl ester, N, N-dimethylamino acrylamide, N, N-dimethylaminomethyl acrylamide, N, N-dimethylaminopropyl acrylamide, N, N-dimethylaminopropyl Methacrylamide etc.
The printing ink that uses among the present invention preferably is adjusted to neutrality or alkalescence substantially, because this improves the solubility of water-soluble resin, thereby makes the long-term storage of printing ink much good.In this situation, pH preferably is adjusted to 7 to 10 scope, because too high alkalescence can cause the various component corrosion of using in the ink-jet printing apparatus.
Above-mentioned pigment and water-soluble resin are to be dispersed or dissolved in the aqueous medium.
The aqueous medium that is suitable for use in the used printing ink of the present invention is the mixed solvent of water and water-miscible organic solvent.As water, preferably use ion exchange water (for example deionized water) and need not contain the running water of various ions.
As the example of the water-miscible organic solvent that is used in combination with water, can mention the alkylol of 1 to 4 carbon atom, for example methyl alcohol, ethanol, normal propyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol, n-butanol, sec-butyl alcohol and the tert-butyl alcohol; Amide-type, for example dimethyl formamide and dimethylacetylamide; Ketone and ketols, for example acetone and diacetone alcohol; Ethers, for example oxolane is with diox, polyalkylene glycols, for example polyethylene glycol and polypropylene glycol; Alkylene moiety has the aklylene glycol class of 2 to 6 carbon atoms, for example ethylene glycol, propane diols, butanediol, triethylene glycol, thio-diethylene glycol, hexylene glycol and diethylene glycol; 1,2, the 6-hexanetriol; Glycerine; The lower alkyl ether of polyalcohol, for example ethylene glycol monoethyl ether or monomethyl ether, diethylene glycol dimethyl ether or ether, and triethylene glycol monomethyl ether (or single ether); The N-N-methyl-2-2-pyrrolidone N-; 2-Pyrrolidone; And 1,3-dimethyl-2-imidazolone.
The content of the water-miscible organic solvent in the printing ink that uses among the present invention is generally the 3-50% of total weight, preferred 3-40%, and the consumption of water then is the 10-90% of total weight, preferred 30-80%.
Be used for all preparations in the following manner of various printing ink of the present invention.Earlier pigment is added in the aqueous solution that contains at least as the water-soluble resin of dispersant, stirs this mixture.Carry out dispersion treatment according to following process for dispersing then, carry out centrifugal in case of necessity to obtain desired dispersion.In dispersion, add subsequently and be used for optional additive combination of the present invention, stir formed mixture to make printing ink.
It is then more effective to be pre-mixed at least 30 minutes earlier before the group water solution that contains pigment carries out dispersion treatment.This premix is handled and is played a part to improve the wetability of surface of pigments and promote that dispersant adsorbs on surface of pigments.
Normally used any dispersion machinery all can be in the present invention as disperseing machinery to use.The example has ball mill, roller mill and sand mill.
Among these grinding machines, preferably use the high speed sand mill.The example comprises SuperMill, Sand Grinder, Beads Mill, Agitator Mill, Grain Mill, DynoMill, Pearl Mill and Coball Mill (being trade name entirely).
Method as the pigment that obtains having desirable size distribution, operable technology comprises and will disperse the size of the abrasive media in the machinery to make less, strengthen the filling rate of abrasive media, prolong the processing time, reduce emission index, grind the back and carry out classification with filter, centrifugal separator or similar device.Also these technology can be used in combination.
The average grain diameter of the granules of pigments in the pigment ink that the present invention uses with regard to the aggregation of primary particle, is in 100 to 500nm scope, preferably from 100 to 200nm.The average grain diameter of granules of pigments can be measured with any known conventional method, for example centrifugal settling method, X-ray transmission method, laser diffractometry or sieve method.
To narrate the illustrative example of the ink-jet printing apparatus that a kind of suitable usefulness printed medium of the present invention prints below.In Fig. 1,2 and 3, drawn and installed the structure example of the printhead of critical piece as this type of.Referring now to Fig. 1,, printhead 13 is that top glass, pottery, plastic plate or the similar articles that groove 14 (printing ink therefrom flows through) arranged are bonded to (a kind of printhead that drawn among the figure, but the present invention is not limited) that constitutes on the recording heating head 15 of heat supply.The heating resistor layer 18 that heating head 15 comprises the diaphragm 16, aluminium electrode 17-1 and the 17-2 that are made by silica or similar substance, made by nichrome or similar substance, recuperation layer 19 and by aluminium oxide or have the substrate 20 that the similar substance of good thermorodiative property is made.Printing ink 21 arrives spray-hole (a small opening) 22, forms meniscus 23 under the pressure P effect.
Now, when when electrode 17-1 and 17-2 apply the signal of telecommunication, heating head 15 produces heat rapidly in the location that n represents, with this regional contacted printing ink 21 in form bubble.The meniscus 23 of printing ink stretches out forward under the pressure effect that produces like this, and printing ink 21 is ejected on the printed medium 25 from hole 22 with the form of fine droplet 24.Fig. 3 illustrative the outward appearance of the bull device that constitutes by the array of a plurality of printheads shown in Figure 1.This bull device be the glass plate 27 that will a plurality of grooves 26 be arranged closely be bonded in the similar heating head 28 of heating head shown in Figure 1 on constitute.
By the way, Fig. 1 is the sectional view that printhead 13 is got along the ink flow approach, and Fig. 2 is the sectional view of getting along Fig. 1 line 2-2.
Fig. 4 illustrates the example of the ink-jet printing apparatus that this printhead wherein is housed.In Fig. 4, reference number 61 is represented a blade as wiping element, and its end is by the fixing stationary end of blade retaining element, so that form a cantilever.Blade 61 is contained in the regional position adjacent with print head operation, and in this embodiment, its fixed form is that it is projected in the approach that printhead moves through.Reference number 62 is represented a block that is contained in the static position adjacent with blade 61, and its direction of motion is vertical with the direction that printhead moves, and contacts so that cover it with the surface of jet.Reference number 63 is represented a blotting element that links together with blade 61, and is the same with blade 61, and it also is fixed into and is projected in the approach that printhead moves through.Above-mentioned blade 61, block 62 and absorber element 63 constitute injection one and restore parts 64, and wherein blade 61 and absorber element 63 are removed the lip-deep water of inkjet mouth, dust and/or similar substance.
In above structure, the block 62 that printhead restores on the parts 64 retreats on (after for example finishing printing) running path by printhead 65 when printhead 65 is got back to its resting position, and blade 61 then maintenance protrudes in this running path.As a result, the jet surface of printhead 65 is by wiping.When block 62 beginnings contact with the jet of printhead 65 surface so that when covering it, block a shot and 62 move so that project in the running path of print head 65.
When printhead 65 was moved on the position that begins to print by its resting position, block 62 was on the position identical with above-mentioned wiping position with blade 61.Therefore, the jet surface of printhead 65 is also cleaned in this motion.
Not only printhead 65 is got back to the above-mentioned motion of its resting position when finishing the recovery of printing or printhead so that spraying, this motion also occurs in printhead 65 for printing when different print areas moves, printhead moves to the resting position adjacent with each print zone at the interval of appointment during this period, and the jet surface is cleaned owing to this motion there.
To describe the present invention in more detail with following embodiment below.By the way, all " umbers " and " % " that use in following examples unless indicate specially, are all represented parts by weight and percetage by weight.
Embodiment 1
(preparation of pigment dispersion)
1.5 parts of styrene-propene acid-ethyl acrylates
Copolymer (acid number: 140, weight average molecular weight: 5000)
1 part of monoethanolamine
81.5 parts of deionized waters
5 parts of diethylene glycols
Above each component is mixed, in water-bath, be heated to 70 ℃ resin Composition is wherein dissolved fully.In this solution, add 10 parts of C.I. pigment red 112s and 1 part of isopropyl alcohol, premix 30 minutes.Then formed pre-composition is carried out dispersion treatment under the following conditions:
Disperse machinery: Sand Grinder (trade name: Igarashi Kikai Co., Ltd makes)
Abrasive media: zirconium ball (diameter: 1mm)
The filling rate of abrasive media: 50% (volume)
Milling time: 3 hours.
Dispersion is further made centrifugal treating (12000 rev/mins, 20 minutes), so that remove the coarse granule in the dispersion.
(preparation of magenta ink)
30 parts of above-mentioned dispersions
10 parts of glycerine
5 parts of ethylene glycol
5 parts of N-methyl pyrrolidones
2 parts of ethanol
Acelytenol EH (trade name, 0.2 part of Kawaken
Fine chemicals company product)
47.8 parts of deionized waters
Above each component is mixed the pigment ink of preparation redness.
The average grain diameter of the granules of pigments in the printing ink is measured with Coulter-counter, and its value is 120nm.
The stable pH zone of this pigment ink be 7.2 or more than.
By the way, the stable pH area test of pigment ink is as follows: the pH that uses triethanolamine and hydrochloric acid will maintain the pigment ink the fine dispersion state under changes that pigment had not both had to precipitate the pH zone that does not yet have agglomeration to measure wherein.
(preparation of cyan ink)
The pigment ink of cyan just changes pigment into C.I. alizarol saphirol 22 according to preparing with the identical mode of magenta ink.The stable p H zone of determining by above-mentioned the same manner be 7.4 or more than.
The average grain diameter of granules of pigments is measured with Coulter-counter in the printing ink, and its value is 130nm.
(preparation of Yellow ink)
Yellow uitramarine printing ink just changes pigment into the C.I. pigment yellow 13 according to preparing with the identical mode of magenta ink.The stable p H zone of determining by above-mentioned the same manner be 8.0 or more than.
The average grain diameter of granules of pigments is measured with Coulter-counter in the printing ink, and its value is 125nm.
(preparation of black ink)
Black pigment ink just changes pigment into carbon black (MCF88, trade name, the product of Mitsubishi Chemical Industrial Co., Ltd) according to preparing with the identical mode of magenta ink.
The average grain diameter of granules of pigments is measured with Coulter-counter in the printing ink, and its value is 100nm.The stable p H zone of measuring by above-mentioned the same manner be 7.8 or more than.(manufacturing of printed medium 1)
With pet film (thickness: 100 μ m, Toray Indus-tries company product) as the base material of printing opacity, coat following composition A with the scraper rubbing method, make that dry coating thickness is 8 μ m, following dry 5 minutes in 120 ℃ in drying oven then.
Composition A:
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVPK-90,78 parts of commodity
Title, GAF company product, 10% dimethyl formamide solution)
Phenolic novolac (Resitop PSK-2320,12 parts
Trade name: Gun-ei chemical industrial company product,
10% dimethyl formamide solution)
10 parts of polyallylamine hydrochlorides (PAAHCl, the product of Nitto Boseki company)
Further with metering bar coater following composition B being coated on the coating of such formation, is 15 μ m thereby make the thickness of dry coating, following dry 10 minutes in 80 ℃ in drying machine then.
Composition B:
(Tospearl 120, trade name, 100 parts for the silicones fine powder
Toshiba silicone department, particle diameter 2 μ m)
10 parts of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer resins
(Chemipearl V-100, trade name, Mitsui
Petro chemical industry company product, solids content 40%,
Particle diameter 5 μ m)
Poly-sodium carbonate class surfactant (Demol E9,1 part
Trade name, Kao company product)
The printed medium that obtains like this is an opaque and white.The pH of gained superficial layer is 8.3.
Embodiment 2
Use with embodiment 1 in identical PETG as the base material of printing opacity, following composition C makes that dry coating thickness is 5 μ m with the coating of scraper rubbing method, then in drying oven under 110 ℃ drying 10 minutes.
Composition C:
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVPK-90,74 parts of commodity
Title, GAF company product, 10% dimethyl formyl
Amine aqueous solution)
Styrene-propene acid copolymer (16 parts of Oxylac
SH-2100, trade name, Japanese catalyst chemical
Industrial group's product, 10% dimethyl formamide solution)
10 parts of polyallylamine hydrochlorides (PAA-HCl, Nitto Boseki company produces)
Again following composition D is coated on the coating of such formation with the scraper rubbing method, makes that dry coating thickness is 20 μ m, following dry 10 minutes in 80 ℃ in drying oven then.The pH of gained superficial layer is 4.6.
Composition D:
Benzoguanamine resin (Epostar M, 100 parts of commodity
Title, Japanese catalyst chemical industrial group product,
Particle diameter: 1 to 2 μ m)
Ionomer resin (Chemiperal SA100,30 parts of commodity
Title, Mitsui petro chemical industry company product, solid capacity: 35%)
Sulfo-diphenyl ether sodium (Pelex SS-H, 2 parts
Trade name, Kao company product)
20 parts in water
The printed medium that obtains like this is the White-opalescent shape.The pH of gained superficial layer is 8.2.
Embodiment 3:
Use with embodiment 1 in identical PETG as the light-transparent substrate material, following composition E (wherein having added acetate so that its pH is transferred to 5.8) makes that dry coating thickness is 10 μ m with the coating of scraper rubbing method, and is following dry 12 minutes in 100 ℃ in drying oven then.
Composition E:
Comb polymer
*(LHM-108, trade name, 60 parts
Soken chemistry and engineering company's product, 25%2-methoxy
The base ethanolic solution)
40 parts of methyl vinyl ethers/maleic anhydride mono ethyl ester
(Ganterz EZ-425, trade name, GAF company
Product, 10% water/ethanolic solution)
*: go up 20 parts of methyl methacrylates of glycerol polymerization at 80 parts of skeletons (copolymers of 64 parts of 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylates and 16 parts of DMAAs) and obtain).
Again on the coating that forms like this with the following composition F of scraper rubbing method coating so that obtain the dry coating that thickness is 10 μ m, then in drying oven in 70 ℃ of dryings 10 minutes down.Composition F:
Crosslinked polymethyl methacrylate (100 parts of Micro-
Sphere M-305, trade name, Matsumoto
Yushi-Seiyaku company product, particle diameter: 10
-12μm)
Ionomer resin (Chemipearl SA100,10 parts
Trade name, Mitsui petro chemical industry company product,
Solids content: 35%)
Sodium alkyl benzene sulfonate (Neoplex, trade name, 1.5 parts
Kao company product)
The printed medium that obtains like this is an opaque and white.The pH of gained superficial layer is 8.7.
Embodiment 4
According to embodiment 3 in identical mode obtain the printed medium of White-opalescent, difference is that the polymethyl methacrylate in the composition F that will use among the embodiment 3 changes benzo piperazine polyimide resin (Epostar S into, trade name, Japan catalyst chemical industrial group product, particle diameter: 0.3 μ m).The pH of gained superficial layer is 8.6.
Embodiment 5
Be coated with on polytetrafluoroethylene film according to the mode identical with embodiment 3 with embodiment 3 in after the identical composition E and F, peel polytetrafluoroethylene film off, obtain the printed medium of White-opalescent.
Comparative examples 1
Use with embodiment 1 in identical pet film as the light-transparent substrate material, with the following composition G of scraper rubbing method coating, make that dry coating thickness is 5 μ m, then in drying oven in 120 ℃ of dryings 5 minutes down.Composition G:
Cation-modified polyvinyl alcohol (C-Polymer, 100 parts
Trade name, Kuraray company product, 10% aqueous solution)
PIC (Elastlon BN-5,3 parts of the commodity of sealing
Title, Dai-ichi Kogyo seiyaku company,
Solids content: 30%)
Again on the coating that forms like this with the following composition H of scraper rubbing method coating, make that dry coating thickness is 25 μ m, then in drying oven in 80 ℃ of dryings 10 minutes down.
Composition H:
Lauxite (organic filler, 100 parts of Japanese Kasei chemistry
Company's product, primary particle diameter: 0.01-0.02 μ m)
The polyvinyl alcohol of acetalation (S-lec KX-1,500 parts of commodity
Title, Sekisui chemical company product, non-volatile
Thing amount: 8%)
Perfluoroalkyl betaine (Surflon S-131,0.3 part of commodity
Title, Seimi chemical company, solids content 30%)
The printed medium of Xing Chenging is an opaque and white like this.
Comparative examples 2:
According to obtaining the opaque and white printed medium with comparative examples 1 identical mode, difference is that the Lauxite that uses among the composition H with comparative examples 1 changes synthetic silica (Sylysia into, trade name, Silysia company of Fuji product, primary particle particle diameter: 0.02 to 0.03 μ m).
Measure the pore-size distribution of the printed medium that obtains above with pressing mercury formula porosimeter.The results are shown in the table 1.
Use has the printing ink of above-mentioned various compositions, print on every kind of printed medium with ink-jet printing apparatus under the following conditions, printing ink is to eject from aperture under the effect that heat energy bubbles printing ink in this ink-jet printing apparatus, with regard to following project printed medium is identified in this way.
Printing condition:
Injection frequency 4KHz
The volume 45 skin liters of liquid droplets
Printing density: 360DPI (dots per inch)
The maximum print density of monochrome ink: 8 receive liter/mm
2
Certified variety:
(1) optical density:
For carry out each printing sample that solid printing (duty factor 100%) obtains with above-mentioned printing machine, measure the optical density of pinkish red (M) look solid Printing Zone from one side of light-transparent substrate material with a RD-918 type Macbeth opacimeter.
Qualification result is collected and is listed in the table 1.
Table 1
Be not more than the diameter [nm] at the place, peak of 100nm in the pore size distribution curve | Pore volume [cc/g] with the corresponding hole of peak value | In the pore size distribution curve greater than place, the peak diameter [nm] of 100nm | Pore volume [cc/g] with the corresponding hole of peak value | Optical density | |
Embodiment 1 embodiment 2 embodiment 3 embodiment 4 embodiment 5 comparative examples 1 comparative examples 2 | ????85 ????80 ????91 ????72 ????93 ????15 ????23 | ????0.007 ????0.009 ????0.004 ????0.010 ????0.003 ????0.070 ????0.062 | ?????2100 ?????1700 ?????10800 ?????340 ?????11200 ?????104 ?????121 | ????0.082 ????0.085 ????0.090 ????0.075 ????0.077 ????0.004 ????0.003 | ????1.51 ????1.50 ????1.52 ????1.49 ????1.51 ????1.18 ????1.21 |
Annotate: when having a plurality of peak, what list is the numerical value at the peak of pore volume maximum.
According to the present invention, as mentioned above, can realize a kind ofly forming high light intensity and good painted jet printing method, its practice is, use comprises a superficial layer and a printed medium that keeps ink lay with liquid permeability, wherein print surface is in relative position each other with watching the surface, use pigment ink, they all contain particle diameter at the granules of pigments of particular range and demonstrate fastness (for example resistance to water and light fastness), and the pore size distribution curve of this printed medium has a plurality of and the corresponding peak of granules of pigments particle diameter.
Though with reference to thinking that at present embodiment preferred done to describe to the present invention, the present invention is not subjected to the restriction of disclosed embodiment certainly.On the contrary, the present invention plans various modifications included in the spirit and scope of the appended claims scheme with equivalence is included interior.The scope of following claim is consistent with the wideest implication, changes and 26S Proteasome Structure and Function of equal value so that contain all these classes.
Claims (22)
1. printed medium, wherein comprise a superficial layer and the reservation coat of colo(u)r that liquid permeability is arranged, be at most 0.015cc/g with the pore volume that is not more than the corresponding hole, peak of 100nm in the pore size distribution curve of this printed medium, and be at least 0.015cc/g with at least one pore volume greater than the corresponding hole, peak of 100nm.
2. according to the printed medium of claim 1, wherein keep ink lay and superficial layer is laminated on the base material.
3. according to the printed medium of claim 1, wherein keeping ink lay and superficial layer is to be laminated on the base material.
4. according to the printed medium of claim 1, base material wherein has good light transmittance.
5. according to the printed medium of claim 1, superficial layer wherein is a porous.
6. according to the printed medium of claim 1, superficial layer wherein mainly is made of resin particle and adhesive.
7. according to the printed medium of claim 1, reservation ink lay wherein is transparent.
8. according to the printed medium of claim 1, wherein keep ink lay and mainly form by a kind of cation type resin and/or a kind of hydrophilic polymer.
9. according to the printed medium of claim 1, superficial layer wherein has good light diffusion character, and the light transmission specific surface layer that keeps ink lay is good.
10. according to the printed medium of claim 1, wherein keeping ink lay specific surface layer has stronger oil suction China ink ability.
11. according to the printed medium of claim 1, wherein superficial layer has the duct of connection.
12., wherein in the superficial layer crack is arranged according to the printed medium of claim 1.
13. printing process, comprising according to print signal ink jet from spray-hole, so that printing ink is applied to according on each the printed medium in the claim 1 to 12 with the form of drop, above-mentioned printing ink all contains the granules of pigments of average grain diameter in 100 to 500nm scopes.
14. according to the printing process of claim 13, printing ink wherein is to be applied on the superficial layer of printed medium, prints in this way.
15., wherein use Huang, magenta, green grass or young crops and four kinds of printing ink of black according to the printing process of claim 13.
16. the printing process according to claim 13 wherein applies printing ink with ink-jet system.
17. according to the printing process of claim 16, ink-jet system wherein is a kind ofly to apply the system that heat energy makes ink jet to printing ink.
18. according to the printing process of claim 13, the aperture at peak that wherein is equivalent to be higher than 100nm in the pore size distribution curve of printed medium is greater than the average pore size of the agglomerated particle of pigment in each printing ink.
19. according to the printing process of claim 13, wherein the pH of the superficial layer of printed medium is equal to or higher than the pH in each pigment ink stable p H zone.
20. according to the printing process of claim 13, wherein the pH of the reservation ink lay of printed medium is lower than the pH in each printing ink stable p H zone.
21. method of making printed matter, comprising applying printing ink to superficial layer according to each printed medium in the claim 1 to 12 with ink-jet system, thereby pass superficial layer and form image on the reservation ink lay, described printing ink all contains the granules of pigments of average grain diameter in 100 to 500nm scopes.
22. according to the printed medium of claim 21, ink-jet system wherein is a kind ofly to apply the system that heat energy makes ink jet to printing ink.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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JP12017295 | 1995-05-18 | ||
JP120172/95 | 1995-05-18 | ||
JP120172/1995 | 1995-05-18 |
Publications (2)
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CN1136503A true CN1136503A (en) | 1996-11-27 |
CN1054570C CN1054570C (en) | 2000-07-19 |
Family
ID=14779713
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CN96100289A Expired - Fee Related CN1054570C (en) | 1995-05-18 | 1996-05-17 | Printing medium and its printing method and its method for producing printing matters |
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EP (1) | EP0743193A1 (en) |
KR (1) | KR0163272B1 (en) |
CN (1) | CN1054570C (en) |
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DE19709735A1 (en) * | 1997-03-10 | 1998-09-17 | Sihl Gmbh | Inkjet recording material |
US6550909B2 (en) | 1997-10-13 | 2003-04-22 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Ink-jet recording method and print |
US6605336B2 (en) | 1998-06-15 | 2003-08-12 | Canon Kabuskiki Kaisha | Recording medium and recording method using the same |
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US4468637A (en) * | 1980-07-07 | 1984-08-28 | Polaroid Corporation | Synchronizable oscillator |
JPS58110287A (en) * | 1981-12-24 | 1983-06-30 | Mitsubishi Paper Mills Ltd | Sheet for recording |
US4785313A (en) * | 1985-12-16 | 1988-11-15 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Recording medium and image formation process using the same |
CA2122099C (en) * | 1993-04-28 | 1999-08-17 | Hitoshi Yoshino | Recording medium, ink-jet recording method using the same, and dispersion of alumina hydrate |
DE69406731T2 (en) * | 1993-07-30 | 1998-03-26 | Canon Kk | The recording element, the ink jet recording method using the same, printing and dispersion thus obtained, and the method for producing the recording element using the dispersion |
-
1996
- 1996-05-17 EP EP96107934A patent/EP0743193A1/en not_active Ceased
- 1996-05-17 KR KR1019960016606A patent/KR0163272B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1996-05-17 CN CN96100289A patent/CN1054570C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CN1054570C (en) | 2000-07-19 |
KR0163272B1 (en) | 1998-12-15 |
KR960040674A (en) | 1996-12-17 |
EP0743193A1 (en) | 1996-11-20 |
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