CN113649772B - Production process of high-temperature structural ceramic/metal composite pipe for aluminum alloy die casting machine - Google Patents

Production process of high-temperature structural ceramic/metal composite pipe for aluminum alloy die casting machine Download PDF

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CN113649772B
CN113649772B CN202110940063.5A CN202110940063A CN113649772B CN 113649772 B CN113649772 B CN 113649772B CN 202110940063 A CN202110940063 A CN 202110940063A CN 113649772 B CN113649772 B CN 113649772B
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temperature
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end cover
grinding
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CN113649772A (en
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王传学
周正方
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Jiangsu Santaiyu New Material Technology Co ltd
Wang chuanxue
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
    • B23P15/00—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D17/00—Pressure die casting or injection die casting, i.e. casting in which the metal is forced into a mould under high pressure
    • B22D17/20—Accessories: Details
    • B22D17/30—Accessories for supplying molten metal, e.g. in rations
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    • C04B35/01—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics
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    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/18—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • C21D9/08—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for tubular bodies or pipes
    • C21D9/085—Cooling or quenching
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    • C04B2235/32—Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
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Abstract

The invention relates to a production process of a high-temperature structural ceramic/metal composite pipe for an aluminum alloy die-casting machine, wherein the composite pipe comprises a ceramic lining, a metal outer sleeve and an end cover; the production process of the composite tube comprises the steps of processing a ceramic lining, processing a metal outer sleeve and an end cover, and assembling and adapting the ceramic lining, the metal outer sleeve and the end cover; the processing technology of the ceramic lining comprises the steps of raw material preparation, grinding and pulping, workpiece forming, green body drying, high-temperature sintering and inner and outer circle processing; the processing technology of the metal jacket and the end cover comprises the steps of cutting and blanking the metal pipe and the end cover, roughly processing the inner circle and the outer circle of the metal pipe and the end cover, carrying out heat treatment, and finely processing the inner circle and the outer circle of the metal pipe and the end cover; the assembly and adaptation process of the ceramic lining, the metal outer sleeve and the end cover comprises measurement and inspection, combined assembly and thermal adaptation test. The metal tube and the ceramic tube are compounded, so that the corrosion resistance and the wear resistance of the alloy melt of the material tube are greatly improved, and the service life is long; the composite material pipe has low heat conductivity coefficient and reduces energy consumption; good strength and toughness, low manufacturing cost and short production period.

Description

Production process of high-temperature structural ceramic/metal composite pipe for aluminum alloy die casting machine
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of aluminum alloy casting industry, and particularly relates to a production process of a high-temperature structural ceramic/metal composite pipe for an aluminum alloy die casting machine.
Background
The aluminum alloy die casting machine is a molding device which quickly pressurizes and injects molten high-temperature aluminum alloy which is melted and refined into a die and forms an aluminum alloy casting after cooling. At present, 70% of aluminum alloy castings are produced by a high-pressure cold chamber die casting mode, a soup ladle is adopted in the production process to pour smelted aluminum alloy melt into a material pipe from a material pipe pouring gate, an injection head at the tail end of the material pipe is pushed by an injection rod, the melt in the material pipe is pushed into a die through three process steps of slow injection, fast injection and pressurization, aluminum liquid is rapidly cooled and formed in the die, and the injection head returns to the tail end of the material pipe to restart the operation of the next period. The material pipe is a key consumable part used on an aluminum alloy high-pressure cold chamber die casting machine, service performance indexes such as service life, performance stability and the like of the material pipe influence the operating efficiency of the die casting machine and the production qualification rate of die castings decisively.
At present, a material pipe for an aluminum alloy die casting machine is mostly processed and manufactured by adopting a hot-work die steel H13 bar, and the production process comprises bar cutting, electric spark punching, lathe roughing, quenching, tempering, and nitriding treatment after internal and external processing; wherein, because the hot die steel H13 bar is a solid bar in the bar cutting, the strength is high, the processing is difficult, the time and the labor are wasted, and the utilization rate of raw materials is only 45% -60%; after internal stress of the quenched and tempered material is eliminated, the hardness of the quenched and tempered material can only reach HRC 42-48; in order to ensure the requirements of the size precision and the surface smoothness of the inner diameter of the material pipe, a rough machining workpiece which deforms in the quenching and tempering processes needs to be ground, the grinding time is long, and the processing cost is high; the nitriding process of the hot-work die steel H13 takes 3-5 days, and the equipment investment and the manufacturing cost of a production plant are greatly increased. The surface hardness of the material pipe after the nitriding treatment is improved to some extent, and the service life is prolonged. However, after long-term use, the surface hardness will gradually age and fatigue fail, and the gate part length time is affected by chemical corrosion and abrasion of the alloy melt and deformation caused by uneven heating of the inner surface, which results in damage to the material pipe.
Compared with high-temperature ceramics, the H13 metal material tube has the defects of poor corrosion resistance, high heat conductivity coefficient, large reduction of thermal-state mechanical property in a high-temperature state and the like, so that the problems that die castings produced by an aluminum alloy high-pressure cold chamber die casting machine are common in slag inclusion, the backflow probability of alloy melt during injection is high, the material tube is frequently replaced, the rejection rate of initial-replacement castings is high, the casting manufacturing cost is high and the like cannot be effectively solved. Along with but the aluminum alloy spare application of die-casting is more and more extensive, commercial die casting machine tonnage is bigger and bigger, and material pipe life is shorter and shorter, and present biggest die casting machine tonnage has reached 8000 tons, corresponds the life of material pipe and only has several thousand moulds, needs frequently to change the material pipe.
In order to prolong the service life of the material pipe on a large-tonnage die casting machine, people try to adopt heat-resistant alloy steel imported from Germany and having better corrosion resistance and better thermodynamic property to manufacture the material pipe, and practical tests prove that the service life of the material pipe reaches 2-3 times of that of the H13 material pipe, but the manufacturing cost of the material pipe reaches nearly 20 times of that of the H13 material pipe, so that the material pipe has no practical application value.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is as follows: aiming at the defects, the invention provides a production process of a high-temperature structural ceramic/metal composite material pipe for an aluminum alloy die casting machine, which greatly improves the corrosion resistance and the wear resistance of alloy melt of the material pipe and prolongs the service life of the material pipe by compounding a metal pipe and a ceramic pipe; the material tube manufactured by the process has the advantages of low heat conductivity coefficient, good strength and toughness, low manufacturing cost and short production period.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: the production process of the high-temperature structural ceramic/metal composite pipe for the aluminum alloy die casting machine comprises the steps of processing a ceramic lining, processing a metal outer sleeve and an end cover, and assembling and adapting the ceramic lining, the metal outer sleeve and the end cover;
the processing technology of the ceramic lining comprises the steps of A1 raw material preparation, A2 grinding and pulping, A3 workpiece forming, A4 green body drying, A5 high-temperature sintering and A6 ceramic inner and outer circle processing;
the processing technology of the metal jacket and the end covers comprises cutting and blanking of a B1 metal pipe and the end covers, rough processing of the inner circle and the outer circle of the B2 metal pipe and the end covers, heat treatment of B3, and finish processing of the inner circle and the outer circle of the B4 metal pipe and the end covers;
the assembly and adaptation process of the ceramic lining, the metal outer sleeve and the end cover comprises C1 measurement inspection, C2 combination assembly and C3 heat adaptation test.
Further, the ceramic lining material prepared in the preparation of the A1 raw material comprises 60-69% of stabilized zirconia and monoclinic zirconium and 3-27% of alpha-Al2O3Fine powder, 1-12% of silicon carbide fine powder, 1-7% of silicon nitride fine powder,2.7-5.2% of calcium oxide micro powder, 2-4.1% of magnesium oxide micro powder, 0.2-7.5% of boron nitride micro powder and 0.3-3% of yttrium oxide micro powder; adding the raw materials into a mixing machine respectively, and premixing for 10-45 minutes to form a batch;
in the A2 grinding and pulping process, the premixed batch is put into a high-speed ball mill, the high-speed ball mill adopts a zirconia working lining, and then zirconia grinding balls with the mass of 30-400% of the batch are added; adding deionized water accounting for 45-150% of the mass of the batch materials into a high-speed ball mill, uniformly stirring, adding an auxiliary agent, and grinding and stirring at a grinding speed of 200-400 rpm to obtain slurry;
the A3 workpiece forming process is one of slip casting method forming, mechanical pressing method forming and isostatic pressing forming;
in the A4 green body drying process, the maximum drying temperature is 240-275 ℃; wherein the heating speed of two heating intervals of heating from 75 ℃ to 125 ℃ and from 160 ℃ to 200 ℃ is not higher than 2-5 ℃/h; preserving the heat for 4 to 10 hours at the maximum drying temperature of 240 to 275 ℃, wherein the total drying time of the green body is 42 to 48 hours;
in the A5 high-temperature sintering process, a high-temperature box furnace or a tunnel type high-temperature kiln with a high-temperature silicon-molybdenum rod as a heating element is adopted for sintering; the highest firing temperature of the high-temperature box furnace or the tunnel type high-temperature kiln is 1520-1780 ℃, the temperature rise speed is controlled to be 5-10 ℃/h, and the heat is preserved for 4-10 h at the highest temperature; step cooling is carried out after sintering, the two steps are naturally cooled from the highest temperature to 1200 ℃ and from 900 ℃ to normal temperature, and the cooling speed is not more than 15 ℃/hour when the temperature is reduced from 1200 ℃ to 900 ℃; taking out the ceramic blank from the high-temperature box furnace or the tunnel type high-temperature kiln when the temperature of the ceramic blank is reduced to normal temperature;
in the process for processing the inner circle and the outer circle of the A6 ceramic, a diamond cutting machine or a lathe is adopted to cut the end of a fired ceramic blank according to the set length of the ceramic lining, and the end face is vertical to the central axis of the ceramic blank during cutting; carrying out rough machining on the inner circle and the outer circle of the ceramic by adopting a diamond turning tool, and controlling the machining allowance of a workpiece to be 0.1-0.2 mm; and (4) continuously grinding the inner surface and the outer surface of the workpiece by using a high-precision inner and outer circular grinder, wherein the size precision of the ground workpiece is not more than +/-2 wires.
Furthermore, when the A3 workpiece is formed by adopting a slip casting method, a mechanical pressing method and an isostatic pressing forming process, the auxiliary agent in the A2 grinding pulping is composed of polyvinyl alcohol and one of aluminum dimaleate phosphate or propyl hydroxymethyl cellulose; adding deionized water into the batch, uniformly stirring, and then adding polyvinyl alcohol accounting for 0.4-6% of the mass fraction of the batch and light aluminum phosphate or propyl hydroxymethyl cellulose accounting for 0.2-2% of the mass fraction of the batch; grinding and stirring at a grinding speed of 200-400 rpm for 15-40 minutes to obtain slurry;
when the A3 workpiece is molded by adopting an injection-coagulation molding process, the auxiliary agent in the A2 grinding pulping comprises an acrylamide monomer, a cross-linking agent, a dispersing agent and an initiator; adding deionized water into the batch, uniformly stirring, adding an acrylamide monomer, a cross-linking agent and a dispersing agent, grinding and stirring at a grinding speed of 200-400 rpm for 15-40 minutes, adding an initiator, and stirring for 0.5-5 minutes to obtain slurry.
Furthermore, when the A3 workpiece is molded by adopting a mechanical pressing method and an isostatic pressing process, the slurry obtained by grinding and pulping the A2 also comprises A2-1 spray drying granulation, the slurry is put into a storage tank of a spray granulator, the air temperature is set to be 150-300 ℃, and spray drying granulation is carried out to obtain a granulated material with the main granularity of 0.1-1.5 mm, and the water content of the qualified granulated material is 0.5-1.1%; sealing the qualified granulated material, ageing the material at the temperature of 25-35 ℃ for 24-36 hours, and then carrying out A3 workpiece forming operation.
Furthermore, when the A3 workpiece is molded by adopting a machine pressing method, quenched steel is adopted as a molding die, and a double-sided pressurized oil press or a friction press is adopted for pressure molding; weighing qualified granulated materials with set weight, adding the weighed granulated materials into a mold, flattening the material surface, pressurizing for multiple times according to the principle of first light and then heavy middle exhaust, finishing pressurization when an upper pressure head reaches a limit position, and demolding;
when the A3 workpiece is formed by adopting an isostatic pressing process, an assembled die with an inner core made of quenched steel and an outer die made of hard rubber or high-elasticity polyurethane is used as a forming die; weighing qualified granulated materials with proper weight, injecting the qualified granulated materials into a mould, vibrating the mould for 10 to 30 seconds by using a high-frequency vertical vibration type vibration table, supplementing the granulated materials in the mould to a proper height, and sealing the mould; placing the die into a high-pressure cylinder of an isostatic press, pressurizing to 60-250 Mpa, keeping for 3-15 minutes, releasing pressure, taking out and demoulding; naturally drying the demolded blank for 20-48 hours, and then carrying out A4 green blank drying operation;
when the A3 workpiece is molded by adopting an injection-coagulation method, aluminum alloy is adopted as a molding die, the molding die made of the aluminum alloy is placed in a vacuum box, the prepared slurry is stirred for 15-60 minutes under the vacuum condition, the slurry after vacuum treatment is injected into the molding die, then the molded die after injection molding is placed in a drying box with the temperature of 80-100 ℃ for curing for 1.5-2 hours, the molded die is removed and demoulded to form a molded blank, the molded blank is naturally dried after curing, and the A4 green blank drying operation is carried out after the natural drying for 20-48 hours;
when the A3 workpiece is molded by adopting a slip casting method, gypsum is adopted to mold a molding die, the molding die is placed in a vacuum box, the prepared slurry is stirred for 15-60 minutes under the vacuum condition, the vacuum-treated slurry is injected into the molding die, then the molding die after injection molding is placed in a curing room with the temperature of 20-35 ℃ and the relative humidity of 65-85% for curing for 24-36 hours, and a molding blank is formed after demolding; and (4) naturally drying the formed blank after curing, and carrying out A4 green blank drying operation after naturally drying for 20-48 hours.
Furthermore, in the A5 high-temperature firing process, zirconia sand with the thickness of 5-10 mm and the granularity of 0.2-1 mm is uniformly laid on a hearth for placing a ceramic blank in a high-temperature box furnace or a tunnel type high-temperature kiln, and then the ceramic blank after the A4 green body is dried is horizontally and stably placed on the zircon sand; the distance between the adjacent ceramic blanks is not less than 15 mm; the distance between the heating body and the ceramic blank is not less than 15 mm.
Further, in the cutting and blanking process of the B1 metal tube and the end cover, a metal tube with proper size and thickness is selected according to the specification, model and size of the manufactured composite tube to be cut into proper length, and the end cover is processed according to the size of the two ends of the tube;
in the B2 metal tube and end cover inner and outer circle rough machining process, the metal tube and the end cover which are cut by a lathe are machined, the feed amount and the feed speed are gradually reduced, and the inner surface of the metal tube is machined, wherein the machining allowance is 0.1-0.2 mm;
in the B3 heat treatment process, the metal pipe is subjected to heat treatment by adopting quenching and tempering processes until the hardness of the metal pipe and the end cover is HRC 42-48;
in the B4 metal tube and end cover inside and outside circle finish machining process, the deformation degree of the metal tube after B3 heat treatment is checked in advance to screen out qualified workpieces, the qualified workpieces are subjected to inside and outside circle grinding finish machining by an internal grinding machine and an external grinding machine, and the inner diameter size precision of the metal tube and the end cover is not more than +/-2 wires.
Furthermore, in the measurement and inspection operation of C1, the corresponding assembly dimensions of the metal outer sleeve, the end cover and the ceramic lining are measured and inspected, and the fit tolerance of the metal outer sleeve and the ceramic lining is not more than 0.05 mm;
the C2 combination assembly is that the ceramic lining is arranged in an inner hole of the metal jacket on the basis of C1 measurement and check of the corresponding sizes of the metal jacket and the ceramic lining, and then end covers are arranged at two ends of the composite pipe;
in the C3 heat fitting test operation, the assembled metal jacket and ceramic lining are subjected to a 650 ℃ simulated heat fitting state test.
Furthermore, the length of the metal outer sleeve is the sum of the lengths of a single ceramic lining or a plurality of sections of ceramic linings, the ceramic linings are respectively assembled with the metal outer sleeve, and high-temperature fire clay is coated between the adjacent ceramic linings; and after all the ceramic linings, the metal outer sleeve and the end cover are assembled, grinding the inner diameter of the composite tube by using an internal grinding machine.
Furthermore, the length of the ceramic lining is 100-1500 mm, and the thickness is 3-30 mm.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the composite material pipe has the advantages that the corrosion resistance and the wear resistance of the alloy melt of the material pipe are greatly improved through the compounding of the high-temperature structural ceramic material in the inner hole of the material pipe, so that the service life of the material pipe is prolonged; the composite tube is composed of an inner ceramic lining and an outer metal outer sleeve, the composite high-strength metal outer sleeve outside the composite tube makes up the tensile strength and toughness defects of ceramic materials, so that the strength and toughness of the composite tube can fully meet the pressurizing pressure process requirement of cold chamber die casting, the low-heat-conduction lining makes the composite tube reinforced metal outer sleeve possible to adopt low-cost high-strength die steel, and the manufacturing cost of the composite sleeve is reduced; the composite tube is simple in production process and short in production period.
2. The ceramic lining is a structural ceramic material prepared from zirconia, alumina, silicon carbide, magnesia, yttria, silicon nitride and the like serving as raw materials, the prepared ceramic lining is high-temperature resistant, corrosion resistant and wear resistant, the heat conductivity coefficient is low, the heat conductivity coefficient of the lining of the composite tube is 1/9-1/10 of the existing H13 metal material, the heat loss of the alloy melt in the tube is reduced, and the casting temperature of the alloy melt can be reduced by about 20-40 ℃; the method can save energy, realize semi-solid die casting, improve the density and strength of die castings, improve the quality of die castings, and improve the die casting efficiency by about 20-40%.
3. The ceramic/metal composite pipe has high chemical corrosion resistance to aluminum alloy, and the composite ceramic lining hardly reacts with the alloy melt at the use temperature, so that the service life of the pipe can be greatly prolonged, and the pollution of the material of the pipe to the alloy melt can be avoided; especially at the large-tonnage die casting machine more than 2000T, the life of material pipe can improve 3 ~ 4 times.
4. The ceramic/metal composite pipe is good in high-temperature mechanical property, free of deformation in a thermal state, high in hardness and good in wear resistance, the material is about 1.6-3 times that of the existing H13, thermal attenuation does not occur basically in hardness and wear resistance, the stability of die casting operation is good, alloy melt does not flow back when an injection head is used for pressurizing and propelling, the applicable pressurizing pressure is larger, and the quality of die castings is improved.
5. When the ceramic/metal composite pipe is used, a cooling facility does not need to be configured, and the use cost and the expense are low: when the composite pipe is used, a cooling device is not required to be matched with the outside; outer metal body part can use the high strength mould steel preparation of low cost, and material pipe overall structure is simple, the cost of manufacture is low, and the cost is only for current 65 ~ 75% that adopt the H13 material to make the material pipe, and the use maintenance cost is low.
6. The production cycle of the ceramic/metal composite pipe is short, the production cycle of the ceramic composite pipe is about 5-8 days, and is reduced by about two thirds compared with 19-23 days of the traditional metal pipe, so that the emergency requirement of customers can be better met, and the stock of spare parts is reduced.
7. The composite ceramic lining can be made into a conventional integral structure, and can also be assembled with the reinforcing outer sleeve respectively after being made into a plurality of sections of ceramic linings when the length is too long and the integral manufacture cannot be realized, so that the application range is wide.
Drawings
The foregoing and other objects, features, and advantages of the invention will be apparent from the following detailed description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a high-temperature structural ceramic/metal composite tube according to the present invention;
wherein: 1. a ceramic liner; 2. a metal jacket; 3. and (6) end covers.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail with reference to the following drawings and examples. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
The production process of the high-temperature structural ceramic/metal composite pipe for the aluminum alloy die casting machine comprises the following steps of (1) referring to fig. 1, wherein the high-temperature structural ceramic/metal composite pipe consists of a ceramic lining 1, a metal outer sleeve 2 and an end cover 3, and the ceramic lining and the metal outer sleeve are respectively processed and manufactured and then are assembled in a matching manner according to the thermal properties of the ceramic lining and the metal outer sleeve; the production process of the composite tube comprises the steps of processing a ceramic lining, processing a metal outer sleeve and an end cover, and assembling and adapting the ceramic lining, the metal outer sleeve and the end cover;
the processing technology of the ceramic lining comprises the steps of A1 raw material preparation, A2 grinding and pulping, A3 workpiece forming, A4 green body drying, A5 high-temperature sintering and A6 ceramic inner and outer circle processing;
the processing technology of the metal jacket and the end covers comprises cutting and blanking of a B1 metal pipe and the end covers, rough processing of the inner circle and the outer circle of the B2 metal pipe and the end covers, heat treatment of B3, and finish processing of the inner circle and the outer circle of the B4 metal pipe and the end covers;
the assembly and adaptation process of the ceramic lining, the metal outer sleeve and the end cover comprises C1 measurement inspection, C2 combination assembly and C3 heat adaptation test.
The specific production process comprises the following steps:
ceramic lining processing technology-A1 raw material preparation:
the ceramic lining material comprises 60-69% of stabilized zirconia and monoclinic zirconium and 3-27% of alpha-Al2O31-12% of silicon carbide micro powder, 1-7% of silicon nitride micro powder, 2.7-5.2% of calcium oxide micro powder, 2-4.1% of magnesium oxide micro powder, 0.2-7.5% of boron nitride micro powder and 0.3-3% of yttrium oxide micro powder; the stability of the stabilized zirconia is 60-80%; adding the raw materials into a mixing machine respectively, and premixing for 10-45 minutes to form a batch; preferably, 69% of stabilized zirconia and monoclinic zirconium and 11% of alpha-Al are selected2O3The raw materials of the fine powder, 8.2% of silicon carbide fine powder, 5.2% of silicon nitride fine powder, 2.8% of calcium oxide fine powder, 2.5% of magnesium oxide fine powder, 0.8% of boron nitride fine powder and 0.5% of yttrium oxide fine powder were mixed by a mixer for 30 minutes.
Ceramic lining processing technology-A2 grinding and pulping technology:
loading the premixed batch into a high-speed ball mill, wherein the high-speed ball mill adopts a zirconia working lining, and then adding zirconia grinding balls with the diameter of 8-10 mm, the mass of which is 30-400% of that of the batch; adding deionized water accounting for 45-150% of the mass of the batch materials into a high-speed ball mill, uniformly stirring, adding an auxiliary agent, and grinding and stirring at a grinding speed of 200-400 rpm to obtain slurry; the A3 workpiece forming process is one of slip casting method forming, mechanical pressing method forming and isostatic pressing forming;
(1) when the A3 workpiece is molded by adopting a slip casting method, a mechanical pressing method and an isostatic pressing process, the auxiliary agent in the A2 grinding pulping is composed of polyvinyl alcohol and one of aluminum dimalephosphate or propylhydroxymethylcellulose; adding deionized water into the batch, uniformly stirring, and then adding polyvinyl alcohol accounting for 0.4-6% of the mass fraction of the batch and light aluminum phosphate or propyl hydroxymethyl cellulose accounting for 0.2-2% of the mass fraction of the batch; grinding and stirring for 15-40 minutes at a grinding speed of 200-400 r/min, preferably 1.5 Wt% of polyvinyl alcohol and 0.6 Wt% of propyl hydroxymethyl cellulose, and grinding and stirring for 30 minutes to obtain slurry;
(2) when the A3 workpiece is molded by adopting an injection-coagulation molding process, the auxiliary agent in the A2 grinding pulping comprises an acrylamide monomer, a methylene bisacrylamide crosslinking agent, a JA281 dispersing agent and an ammonium persulfate initiator; adding deionized water into the batch, uniformly stirring, adding an acrylamide monomer, a methylene bisacrylamide cross-linking agent and a JA281 dispersing agent, grinding and stirring at a grinding speed of 200-400 rpm for 15-40 minutes, preferably stirring for 30 minutes, adding an ammonium persulfate initiator, and stirring for 0.5-5 minutes, preferably stirring for 3 minutes to obtain slurry.
Ceramic lining processing technology-A2-1 spray drying granulation:
when the A3 workpiece is molded by adopting a mechanical pressing method and an isostatic pressing process, the slurry obtained by grinding and pulping the A2 also comprises A2-1 spray drying granulation, the slurry is put into a storage tank of a spray granulator, the air temperature is set to be 150-300 ℃, and spray drying granulation is carried out to obtain a granulated material with the main granularity of 0.1-1.5 mm, and the water content of the qualified granulated material is 0.5-1.1%; sealing the qualified granulated material at the temperature of 25-35 ℃ for ageing for 24-36 hours, and then carrying out A3 workpiece forming operation, wherein the ageing temperature is preferably 30 +/-2 ℃.
Ceramic lining processing technology-A3 workpiece forming:
the A3 workpiece forming process is one of slip casting method forming, mechanical pressing method forming and isostatic pressing forming; wherein the molding by the grouting method and the casting coagulation method is pressureless casting molding, and the volume density of the produced product is about 0.16-0.21 g/cm lower than that of the molded product by the mechanical pressing method and the isostatic pressing method3And air holes are easily formed in the molding process.
(1) When the A3 workpiece is molded by adopting a machine pressing method, 20Gr and 45# quenched steel are used as a molding die, and a double-sided pressurized oil press or a friction press is used for pressurization molding; weighing qualified granulated materials with set weight, adding the weighed granulated materials into a mold, flattening the surface of the materials, pressurizing for multiple times according to the principle of first lightening and then heavy middle exhausting, finishing pressurization when an upper pressure head reaches a limit position, and demolding;
(2) when the A3 workpiece is formed by adopting an isostatic pressing process, a combined die with an inner core of 20Gr and an outer die of 45# quenched steel made of hard rubber or high-elastic polyurethane is used as a forming die; weighing qualified granulated materials with proper weight, injecting the qualified granulated materials into a mould, vibrating the mould for 10 to 30 seconds by using a high-frequency vertical vibration type vibration table, supplementing the granulated materials in the mould to a proper height, and sealing the mould; placing the die into a high-pressure cylinder of an isostatic press, pressurizing to 60-250 Mpa, keeping for 3-15 minutes, releasing pressure, taking out and demoulding; naturally drying the demolded blank for 20-48 hours, and then carrying out A4 green blank drying operation;
(3) when the A3 workpiece is molded by adopting an injection-solidification method, aluminum alloy is adopted as a molding die, and the sintering shrinkage expansion length of the molding die is set to be 5-10%; placing a forming die made of aluminum alloy in a vacuum box, stirring the prepared slurry for 15-60 minutes, preferably for 30 minutes, under the condition that the vacuum degree is not more than-90 KPa, injecting the slurry subjected to vacuum treatment into the forming die, then placing the forming die subjected to injection molding in a drying box at the temperature of 80-100 ℃ for curing for 1.5-2 hours, removing and demolding to form a formed blank, naturally drying the formed blank after curing, and naturally drying for 20-48 hours and then performing A4 green body drying operation; specifically, the formed blank can be naturally dried after being maintained for more than 8 hours under the condition of keeping the relative humidity of 80-70%, and forced drying of A4 green blank can be carried out after being naturally dried for 24 hours;
(4) when the A3 workpiece is molded by adopting a slip casting method, a molding die is molded by adopting gypsum, and the sintering shrinkage expansion rule of the molding die is set to be 5-7%; placing a forming mold in a vacuum box, stirring the prepared slurry for 15-60 minutes, preferably for 30 minutes under the condition that the vacuum degree is not more than-90 KPa, injecting the vacuum-treated slurry into the forming mold, then placing the injection-molded forming mold in a curing room with the temperature of 20-35 ℃ and the relative humidity of 65-85% for curing for 24-36 hours, and demolding to form a forming blank; naturally drying the formed blank after maintenance, and carrying out A4 green blank drying operation after naturally drying for 20-48 hours; specifically, the green body is continuously maintained for 24-36 hours under the condition of keeping 80-70% of relative humidity, so that the green body can be naturally dried, and after the green body is naturally dried for 24 hours, forced drying of A4 green body drying can be carried out.
Ceramic lining processing technology-A4 green body drying:
in the A4 green body drying operation, an electrothermal blowing drying box (kiln) is used for forced drying; the highest drying temperature is 240-275 ℃, and the optimal highest drying temperature is 260 ℃; wherein the heating rate of two heating intervals of heating from 75 ℃ to 125 ℃ and heating from 160 ℃ to 200 ℃ is not higher than 2-5 ℃/h, and the preferable heating rate is not higher than 3 ℃/h; keeping the temperature at the drying temperature of 240-275 ℃ for 4-10 hours, wherein the total drying time of the green body is 42-48 hours, and the water content of the dried ceramic green body is less than 0.1 percent.
Ceramic lining processing technology-A5 high temperature sintering:
in the A5 high-temperature sintering process, a high-temperature box furnace or a tunnel type high-temperature kiln with a high-temperature silicon-molybdenum rod as a heating element is adopted for sintering; uniformly paving zirconia sand with the thickness of 5-10 mm and the granularity of 0.2-1 mm on a hearth for placing a ceramic blank in a high-temperature box furnace or a tunnel type high-temperature kiln, and then horizontally and stably placing the ceramic blank dried by the A4 green body on the zirconia sand; the distance between the adjacent ceramic blanks is not less than 15 mm; the distance between the heating body and the ceramic blank is not less than 15 mm; preferably, the distance between the adjacent ceramic blanks is not less than 30 mm; the distance between the heating body and the ceramic blank is not less than 30 mm; the highest firing temperature of the high-temperature box type furnace or the tunnel type high-temperature kiln is 1520-1780 ℃, and the temperature is different according to different ceramic lining materials; controlling the temperature rise speed at 5-10 ℃/h, preferably 8 ℃/h, keeping the temperature at the highest temperature for not less than 6 hours, and preferably keeping the temperature for not less than 7 hours; step cooling is carried out after sintering, the two steps are naturally cooled from the highest temperature to 1200 ℃ and from 900 ℃ to normal temperature, and the cooling speed is not more than 15 ℃/hour when the temperature is reduced from 1200 ℃ to 900 ℃; and taking out the ceramic blank from the high-temperature box furnace or the tunnel type high-temperature kiln when the temperature of the ceramic blank is reduced to normal temperature.
Ceramic lining processing technology-A6 ceramic inner and outer circle processing:
in the process for processing the inner circle and the outer circle of the A6 ceramic, a diamond cutting machine or a lathe is adopted to cut the end of a fired ceramic blank according to the set length of the ceramic lining, and the end face is vertical to the central axis of the ceramic blank during cutting; the method comprises the following steps of performing rough machining on the inner circle and the outer circle of the ceramic by using a diamond turning tool, and controlling a small feed amount and a small feed speed to improve machining precision by using the diamond turning tool during machining, wherein the machining allowance of a workpiece is controlled to be 0.1-0.2 mm; and (3) continuously using a high-precision internal and external grinding machine to grind and finish the internal and external surfaces of the workpiece, wherein the grinding tool is made of diamond material, and the size precision of the ground workpiece is not more than +/-2 wires.
The thickness of the processed ceramic lining is controlled to be 3-30 mm, and the ceramic lining is detected to have the following performance indexes: bending strength not less than 560MPa, fracture toughness greater than 7MPa M1/2Hardness not less than HRC80, thermal shock stability (no crack at 700 deg.C), and bulk density not less than 5.1g/cm3The apparent porosity is not more than 11%.
Metal jacket and end cover processing technology
Because the ceramic material has poor fracture toughness (about 6-9 Mpa M)1/2) The bending strength is low (about 600-900 Mpa, and the hot die steel is about 800-1000 Mpa), so that the mechanical properties such as toughness, tensile strength and the like of the composite metal outer sleeve reinforced material pipe outside the ceramic lining are required; based on the factor that the heat conductivity coefficient of the high-temperature structural ceramic composite lining is very low, the temperature of the metal reinforcing outer sleeve is low (about 260-350 ℃) in the using process, so that the metal reinforcing outer sleeve and the end cover can be machined by using common die steel with good normal-temperature strength and low manufacturing cost, and the thickness of the reinforcing outer sleeve can be correspondingly reduced according to the using requirement; the commercially available material is mainly a pipe, so that the material consumption can be reduced, the processing time can be shortened, and the processing cost can be reduced, and the specific process comprises the following steps:
metal jacket and end cap processing technology-B1 metal tube and end cap cutting blanking:
and selecting a metal pipe with proper size and thickness according to the specification, model and size of the manufactured composite pipe to cut out a proper length, and processing end covers according to the sizes of two ends of the pipe.
Metal jacket and end cap processing technology-B2 metal tube and end cap inner and outer circle rough machining:
machining the cut metal pipe and the end cover by using a lathe, and gradually reducing the feed amount and the feed speed to machine the inner surface of the metal pipe, wherein the machining allowance is 0.1-0.2 mm; in the machining process, attention needs to be paid to the last rough machining, and the small feed amount and feed speed are kept so as to improve the working efficiency in finish machining and grinding.
Metal jacket and end cap processing technology-B3 heat treatment:
carrying out heat treatment on the metal pipe and the end cover by adopting quenching and tempering processes until the hardness of the metal pipe and the end cover reaches HRC 42-48; internal stress generated during rough machining can be effectively eliminated by quenching and tempering.
Metal jacket and end cap processing technology-B4 metal tube and end cap inner and outer circle finish machining:
and (3) checking the thermal deformation degree of the metal pipe and the end cover subjected to the B3 heat treatment in advance, and screening out qualified workpieces, wherein the qualified workpieces are subjected to inner and outer circle grinding finish machining by using an internal grinding machine and an external grinding machine, and the inner diameter size precision of the metal pipe and the end cover is not more than +/-2 wires.
Assembly and adaptation process of the ceramic lining, the metal outer sleeve and the end cover, C1 measurement and inspection:
and measuring and checking the corresponding assembly sizes of the metal outer sleeve, the end cover and the ceramic lining, wherein the fit tolerance of the metal outer sleeve and the ceramic lining is not more than 0.05 mm.
The ceramic lining, the metal outer sleeve and the end cover are assembled and adapted, namely C2 combined assembly:
the C2 combination assembly is that the ceramic lining is arranged in the inner hole of the metal jacket on the basis of C1 measurement and check that the sizes of the metal jacket and the ceramic lining correspond to each other, and then the end cover is installed.
Ceramic liner and metal jacket and end cap assembly fitting process-C3 heat fitting test.
In order to ensure that the reinforced metal outer sleeve can play a role in reinforcing the ceramic lining, thermal adaptation must be carried out according to the difference of the thermal expansion coefficients of the reinforced metal outer sleeve and the reinforced ceramic lining, and in the C3 thermal adaptation test operation, the assembled metal outer sleeve and the assembled ceramic lining are subjected to a 650 ℃ simulated thermal adaptation state test.
The production process of the ceramic/metal composite pipe with the integrally formed integral structure is disclosed.
In the actual production, under the condition that the material pipe is long, and the conditions of molding, firing and processing are limited in some application occasions, the ceramic lining can be made into a plurality of sections (the end parts of the ceramic lining are made into tongue-and-groove matching structures) with the length of 100-1500 mm for respective processing, the thickness of the ceramic lining is 3-30 mm, the length of the metal jacket is ensured to be the sum of the lengths of a plurality of ceramic linings, the ceramic linings are respectively assembled with the metal jacket, and high-temperature fire clay is coated between the tongue-and-groove parts for connection of the end parts of the adjacent ceramic linings; all ceramic linings, the metal outer sleeve and the end covers are assembled into a whole, and after the end covers are additionally arranged at the two ends, the inner wall of the composite tube is ground by the internal grinding machine, so that the ceramic linings of all sections can be effectively ensured to have better coaxiality.
The product is commonly called as a 'pressure chamber, a melting cup' in the academic world and the equipment manufacturing industry, aluminum alloy die-casting production and operation enterprises are commonly called as a 'material pipe, a material cylinder, a material groove' and the like, and the product is called as the 'material pipe' in the invention, and the fundamental property and the characteristic of the product cannot be changed no matter which name is used.
This application inside lining adopts 3 ~ 30mm thick high temperature resistant, alloy melt corrosion resistance, low heat conduction, high strength high toughness, use zirconia, aluminium oxide, carborundum, magnesium oxide, yttrium oxide, the structural ceramic material of silicon nitride etc. as the raw materials preparation makes, mould steel or other high strength steel that adopt high strength are done and are strengthened overcoat and end cover, ceramic inside lining and metal coat, the end cover carries out hot adaptation equipment after processing respectively and grinding, wherein the inside lining is general monolithic, also can be for the segmentation combination formula, it is convenient to make up, high durability and convenient use. The corrosion resistance and the wear resistance of the alloy melt of the material pipe are greatly improved through the compounding of the high-temperature structural ceramic material in the inner hole of the material pipe, so that the service life of the material pipe is prolonged; the heat conductivity coefficient of the ceramic material compounded in the inner hole is 2.2-3.1W/m.k, and is only about 10% of the heat conductivity coefficient of H13 of 28.8W/m.k, so that the temperature of alloy melt can be greatly reduced, energy is saved, slag inclusion is reduced, the quality of castings is improved, the service life of a die is prolonged, and the cold shut rejection rate of the castings at the initial stage of tube replacement is reduced; the composite high-strength metal outer sleeve outside the material pipe makes up the tensile strength and toughness defects of the ceramic material, so that the strength and toughness of the composite material pipe can fully meet the technological requirements of the pressurization pressure of cold chamber die casting; the low-heat-conduction lining enables the composite pipe reinforced metal outer sleeve to be made of low-cost high-strength die steel, and the manufacturing cost of the composite sleeve is reduced; the composite pipe has short manufacturing period, can reduce the stock quantity of users and meet the emergency requirements of the users; and a cooling device is not required to be used outside the composite pipe, so that the use and maintenance cost is reduced.
In addition, the ceramic lining can also use structural ceramics such as silicon carbide, silicon nitride and the like, and has good high temperature resistance, corrosion resistance and wear resistance, but has the defect of high heat conductivity coefficient; the zirconia toughened alumina ceramic can be used, the heat conductivity coefficient is about 1.5-2 times of that of the material of the invention, and the main defect is poor corrosion resistance. In the grinding and pulping process, a wheel-grinding type mixer or a variable-frequency high-speed mixing granulator can be used for semi-dry mixing, but the uniformity of pug used for forming is relatively poor, so that the quality uniformity of a ceramic lining is poor, and the service life of a material pipe is unstable. The high-temperature firing process can also use a gas high-temperature furnace (kiln) for firing, and has the defect of slightly poor temperature uniformity in the furnace. The material can also be sintered by adopting a vacuum or atmosphere (filled with inert gas) furnace, and the sintering requirement can be met, but the configuration cost and the use cost of the sintering equipment are much higher. The device is suitable for different tonnage die casting machines.
In light of the foregoing description of the preferred embodiment of the present invention, many modifications and variations will be apparent to those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. The technical scope of the present invention is not limited to the content of the specification, and must be determined according to the scope of the claims.

Claims (10)

1. The production process of the high-temperature structure ceramic/metal composite pipe for the aluminum alloy die casting machine is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the production process of the composite tube comprises the steps of processing the ceramic lining, processing the metal outer sleeve and the end cover, and assembling and adapting the ceramic lining, the metal outer sleeve and the end cover;
the processing technology of the ceramic lining comprises the steps of A1 raw material preparation, A2 grinding and pulping, A3 workpiece forming, A4 green body drying, A5 high-temperature sintering and A6 ceramic inner and outer circle processing;
the processing technology of the metal jacket and the end cover comprises cutting and blanking of a B1 metal pipe and the end cover, rough processing of an inner circle and an outer circle of the B2 metal pipe and the end cover, heat treatment of B3 and finish processing of the inner circle and the outer circle of the B4 metal pipe and the end cover;
the assembly and adaptation process of the ceramic lining, the metal outer sleeve and the end cover comprises C1 measurement inspection, C2 combination assembly and C3 heat adaptation test;
the ceramic lining material prepared in the preparation of the A1 raw material comprises 60-69% of stabilized zirconia and monoclinic zirconium and 3-27% of alpha-Al2O3The composite material comprises fine powder, 1-12% of silicon carbide fine powder, 1-7% of silicon nitride fine powder, 2.7-5.2% of calcium oxide fine powder, 2-4.1% of magnesium oxide fine powder, 0.2-7.5% of boron nitride fine powder and 0.3-3% of yttrium oxide fine powder.
2. The production process of the high-temperature structural ceramic/metal composite pipe for the aluminum alloy die casting machine as claimed in claim 1, wherein the production process comprises the following steps: the components of the ceramic lining material prepared in the preparation of the A1 raw material are respectively added into a mixer and premixed for 10-45 minutes to form a batch;
in the A2 grinding and pulping process, the premixed batch is put into a high-speed ball mill, the high-speed ball mill adopts a zirconia working lining, and then zirconia grinding balls with the mass of 30-400% of the batch are added; adding deionized water accounting for 45-150% of the mass of the batch materials into a high-speed ball mill, uniformly stirring, adding an auxiliary agent, and grinding and stirring at a grinding speed of 200-400 rpm to prepare slurry;
the A3 workpiece forming process is one of slip casting method forming, mechanical pressing method forming and isostatic pressing forming;
in the A4 green body drying process, the maximum drying temperature is 240-275 ℃; wherein the heating speed of two heating intervals of heating from 75 ℃ to 125 ℃ and from 160 ℃ to 200 ℃ is not higher than 2-5 ℃/h; preserving the heat for 4 to 10 hours at the maximum drying temperature of 240 to 275 ℃, wherein the total drying time of the green body is 42 to 48 hours;
in the A5 high-temperature sintering process, a high-temperature box furnace or a tunnel type high-temperature kiln with a high-temperature silicon-molybdenum rod as a heating element is adopted for sintering; the highest firing temperature of the high-temperature box type furnace or the tunnel type high-temperature kiln is 1520-1780 ℃, the temperature rise speed is controlled at 5-10 ℃/h, and the heat is preserved for 4-10 h at the highest temperature; step cooling is carried out after sintering, the two steps are naturally cooled from the highest temperature to 1200 ℃ and from 900 ℃ to normal temperature, and the cooling speed is not more than 15 ℃/hour when the temperature is reduced from 1200 ℃ to 900 ℃; taking out the ceramic blank from the high-temperature box furnace or the tunnel type high-temperature kiln when the temperature of the ceramic blank is reduced to normal temperature;
in the process for processing the inner circle and the outer circle of the A6 ceramic, a diamond cutting machine or a lathe is adopted to cut the end of a fired ceramic blank according to the set length of the ceramic lining, and the end face is vertical to the central axis of the ceramic blank during cutting; carrying out rough machining on the inner circle and the outer circle of the ceramic by adopting a diamond turning tool, and controlling the machining allowance of a workpiece to be 0.1-0.2 mm; and (4) continuously grinding the inner surface and the outer surface of the workpiece by using a high-precision inner and outer circular grinder, wherein the size precision of the ground workpiece is not more than +/-2 wires.
3. The production process of the high-temperature structural ceramic/metal composite pipe for the aluminum alloy die casting machine as claimed in claim 2, wherein the production process comprises the following steps:
when the A3 workpiece is molded by adopting a grouting method, a mechanical pressing method and an isostatic pressing process, the auxiliary agent in the A2 grinding pulping is composed of polyvinyl alcohol and one of aluminum dimalephosphate or propyl hydroxymethyl cellulose; adding deionized water into the batch, uniformly stirring, and then adding polyvinyl alcohol accounting for 0.4-6% of the mass fraction of the batch and light aluminum phosphate or propyl hydroxymethyl cellulose accounting for 0.2-2% of the mass fraction of the batch; grinding and stirring at a grinding speed of 200-400 rpm for 15-40 minutes to obtain slurry;
when the A3 workpiece is molded by adopting an injection-coagulation molding process, the auxiliary agent in the A2 grinding pulping comprises an acrylamide monomer, a cross-linking agent, a dispersing agent and an initiator; adding deionized water into the batch, uniformly stirring, adding an acrylamide monomer, a cross-linking agent and a dispersing agent, grinding and stirring at a grinding speed of 200-400 rpm for 15-40 minutes, adding an initiator, and stirring for 0.5-5 minutes to obtain slurry.
4. The production process of the high-temperature structural ceramic/metal composite pipe for the aluminum alloy die casting machine according to claim 3, characterized in that: when the A3 workpiece is molded by adopting a machine pressing method and an isostatic pressing process, the slurry obtained by grinding and pulping the A2 also comprises A2-1 spray drying granulation, the slurry is filled into a storage tank of a spray granulator, the air temperature is set to be 150-300 ℃, spray drying granulation is carried out, a granulated material with the main granularity of 0.1-1.5 mm is prepared, and the water content of the qualified granulated material is 0.5-1.1%; sealing the qualified granulated material, ageing the material at the temperature of 25-35 ℃ for 24-36 hours, and then carrying out A3 workpiece forming operation.
5. The production process of the high-temperature structural ceramic/metal composite pipe for the aluminum alloy die casting machine, according to claim 4, is characterized in that:
when the A3 workpiece is molded by adopting a machine pressing method, quenched steel is used as a molding die, and a double-sided pressurized oil press or a friction press is used for pressure molding; weighing qualified granulated materials with set weight, adding the weighed granulated materials into a mold, flattening the material surface, pressurizing for multiple times according to the principle of first light and then heavy middle exhaust, finishing pressurization when an upper pressure head reaches a limit position, and demolding;
when the A3 workpiece is formed by adopting an isostatic pressing process, an assembled die with an inner core made of quenched steel and an outer die made of hard rubber or high-elasticity polyurethane is used as a forming die; weighing qualified granulated materials with proper weight, injecting the qualified granulated materials into a mould, vibrating the mould for 10 to 30 seconds by using a high-frequency vertical vibration type vibration table, supplementing the granulated materials in the mould to a proper height, and sealing the mould; placing the die into a high-pressure cylinder of an isostatic press, pressurizing to 60-250 Mpa, keeping for 3-15 minutes, releasing pressure, taking out and demoulding; naturally drying the demolded blank for 20-48 hours, and then carrying out A4 green blank drying operation;
when the A3 workpiece is molded by adopting an injection-coagulation method, aluminum alloy is adopted as a molding die, the molding die made of the aluminum alloy is placed in a vacuum box, the prepared slurry is stirred for 15-60 minutes under the vacuum condition, the slurry after vacuum treatment is injected into the molding die, then the molded die after injection molding is placed in a drying box with the temperature of 80-100 ℃ for curing for 1.5-2 hours, the molded die is removed and demoulded to form a molded blank, the molded blank is naturally dried after curing, and the A4 green blank drying operation is carried out after the natural drying for 20-48 hours;
when the A3 workpiece is molded by adopting a slip casting method, gypsum is adopted to mold a molding die, the molding die is placed in a vacuum box, the prepared slurry is stirred for 15-60 minutes under the vacuum condition, the vacuum-treated slurry is injected into the molding die, then the molding die after injection molding is placed in a curing room with the temperature of 20-35 ℃ and the relative humidity of 65-85% for curing for 24-36 hours, and a molding blank is formed after demolding; and (4) naturally drying the formed blank after curing, and carrying out A4 green blank drying operation after naturally drying for 20-48 hours.
6. The production process of the high-temperature structural ceramic/metal composite pipe for the aluminum alloy die casting machine as claimed in claim 2, wherein the production process comprises the following steps: in the A5 high-temperature sintering process, zirconia sand with the thickness of 5-10 mm and the granularity of 0.2-1 mm is uniformly laid on a hearth for placing a ceramic blank in a high-temperature box furnace or a tunnel high-temperature kiln, and then the ceramic blank after the A4 green body is dried is horizontally and stably placed on the zircon sand; the distance between the adjacent ceramic blanks is not less than 15 mm; the distance between the heating body and the ceramic blank is not less than 15 mm.
7. The production process of the high-temperature structural ceramic/metal composite pipe for the aluminum alloy die casting machine as claimed in claim 1, wherein the production process comprises the following steps:
in the B1 metal tube and end cover cutting and blanking process, a metal tube with proper size and thickness is selected according to the specification, model and size of the manufactured composite tube to be cut into proper length, and end covers are processed according to the sizes of two ends of the tube;
in the B2 metal tube and end cover inner and outer circle rough machining process, the metal tube and the end cover which are cut by a lathe are machined, the feed amount and the feed speed are gradually reduced, and the inner surface of the metal tube is machined, wherein the machining allowance is 0.1-0.2 mm;
in the B3 heat treatment process, the metal pipe is subjected to heat treatment by adopting quenching and tempering processes until the hardness of the metal pipe and the end cover is HRC 42-48;
in the B4 metal tube and end cover inside and outside circle finish machining process, the deformation degree of the metal tube after B3 heat treatment is checked in advance to screen out qualified workpieces, the qualified workpieces are subjected to inside and outside circle grinding finish machining by an internal grinding machine and an external grinding machine, and the inner diameter size precision of the metal tube and the end cover is not more than +/-2 wires.
8. The production process of the high-temperature structural ceramic/metal composite pipe for the aluminum alloy die casting machine as claimed in claim 1, wherein the production process comprises the following steps:
in the C1 measurement and inspection operation, the corresponding assembly sizes of the metal outer sleeve, the end cover and the ceramic lining are measured and inspected, and the fit tolerance of the metal outer sleeve and the ceramic lining is not more than 0.05 mm;
the C2 combination assembly is that the ceramic lining is arranged in an inner hole of the metal jacket on the basis of C1 measurement and check of the corresponding sizes of the metal jacket and the ceramic lining, and then end covers are arranged at two ends of the composite pipe;
in the C3 heat fitting test operation, the assembled metal jacket and ceramic lining are subjected to a 650 ℃ simulated heat fitting state test.
9. The production process of the high-temperature structural ceramic/metal composite pipe for the aluminum alloy die casting machine as claimed in claim 1, wherein the production process comprises the following steps: the length of the metal outer sleeve is the sum of the lengths of a single ceramic lining or a plurality of sections of ceramic linings, the ceramic linings are respectively assembled with the metal outer sleeve, and high-temperature fire clay is coated between the adjacent ceramic linings; and after all the ceramic linings, the metal outer sleeve and the end cover are assembled, grinding the inner diameter of the composite tube by using an internal grinding machine.
10. The production process of the high-temperature structural ceramic/metal composite pipe for the aluminum alloy die casting machine, according to claim 9, is characterized in that: the ceramic lining is 100-1500 mm in length and 3-30 mm in thickness.
CN202110940063.5A 2021-08-17 2021-08-17 Production process of high-temperature structural ceramic/metal composite pipe for aluminum alloy die casting machine Active CN113649772B (en)

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