CN113646621A - Cavity ring-down photoelectric system and incident light path adjusting method thereof - Google Patents
Cavity ring-down photoelectric system and incident light path adjusting method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
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- G01N21/31—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry
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- G01J3/00—Spectrometry; Spectrophotometry; Monochromators; Measuring colours
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- G01J3/00—Spectrometry; Spectrophotometry; Monochromators; Measuring colours
- G01J3/28—Investigating the spectrum
- G01J3/42—Absorption spectrometry; Double beam spectrometry; Flicker spectrometry; Reflection spectrometry
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- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
- G01J3/00—Spectrometry; Spectrophotometry; Monochromators; Measuring colours
- G01J3/28—Investigating the spectrum
- G01J3/42—Absorption spectrometry; Double beam spectrometry; Flicker spectrometry; Reflection spectrometry
- G01J2003/423—Spectral arrangements using lasers, e.g. tunable
Abstract
The cavity ring-down photoelectric system outputs a detection beam through a laser, an optical resonant cavity reflects the detection beam back and forth and then attenuates the detection beam into an emergent beam, a first optical detector receives the emergent beam and converts the emergent beam into a first electric signal, an optoelectronic control module adjusts working parameters of the laser to enable the wavelength of the detection beam to be matched with a longitudinal mode of the optical resonant cavity, the light intensity of the emergent beam is obtained according to the first electric signal, when the light intensity of the emergent beam is larger than a preset threshold value, the working parameters of the laser are adjusted to turn off the detection beam, and a data processing module obtains ring-down time of the detection beam in the optical resonant cavity according to the first electric signal; the optical resonant cavity is a flat concave cavity with a beam waist of a basic transverse mode positioned on the plane reflector, or the cavity ring-down photoelectric system further comprises a single-mode output optical fiber with the basic mode matched with the basic transverse mode of an emergent light beam, so that a high-order transverse mode can be effectively inhibited, and the sensitivity of the system is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The application belongs to the technical field of Cavity Ring Down (CRD), and particularly relates to a Cavity Ring Down photoelectric system and an incident light path adjusting method thereof.
Background
The cavity ring-down technology is mainly applied to the fields of high-reflectivity detection of reflectors, trace gas detection and the like. The cavity ring-down technique is to calculate the optical loss of the optical resonant cavity by detecting the ring-down time of the optical wave in the optical resonant cavity, and further calculate the reflectivity of the reflector or the absorption rate of the gas.
The existing cavity ring-down photoelectric system has defects in the aspects of transverse mode matching and optical detector receiving, a resonant cavity has a high-order transverse mode, and the optical detector receives the high-order transverse mode while receiving a basic transverse mode, so that interference is generated on a ring-down signal, and the sensitivity of the system is reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of this, the embodiment of the present application provides a cavity ring-down optoelectronic system and an incident light path adjusting method thereof, so as to solve the problems that the existing cavity ring-down optoelectronic system has defects in the aspects of transverse mode matching and optical detector receiving, a resonant cavity has a high-order transverse mode, and an optical detector receives the high-order transverse mode while receiving a basic transverse mode, which may generate interference on a ring-down signal and reduce the sensitivity of the system.
A first aspect of the embodiments of the present application provides a cavity ring-down optoelectronic system, including:
a laser for outputting a probe beam;
the detection light beam is reflected back and forth by the optical resonant cavity and then attenuated into an emergent light beam;
the first optical detector is used for receiving the emergent light beam and converting the emergent light beam into a first electric signal;
the photoelectric control module is connected with the laser and the first optical detector and used for adjusting working parameters of the laser, enabling the wavelength of the detection light beam to be matched with a longitudinal mode of the optical resonant cavity, obtaining the light intensity of the emergent light beam according to the first electric signal, and adjusting the working parameters of the laser when the light intensity of the emergent light beam is larger than a preset threshold value, so that the wavelength of the detection light beam is not matched with the longitudinal mode of the optical resonant cavity, and the detection light beam is turned off;
the data processing module is connected with the first optical detector and is used for acquiring ring-down time of the detection light beam in the optical resonant cavity according to the first electric signal;
the optical resonant cavity is a flat concave cavity formed by a plane reflector and a concave reflector;
or, the cavity ring-down optoelectronic system further includes an output fiber connected to the first optical detector, the output fiber is a single-mode fiber having a fundamental mode matched with a fundamental transverse mode of the emergent beam, and the emergent beam is transmitted to the first optical detector after a high-order transverse mode is filtered by the output fiber.
A second aspect of the embodiments of the present application provides a cavity ring-down optoelectronic system, including:
a laser for outputting a probe beam;
an optical switch;
the detection light beam is reflected back and forth by the optical resonant cavity and then attenuated into an emergent light beam;
the first optical detector is used for receiving the emergent light beam and converting the emergent light beam into a first electric signal;
the piezoelectric ceramic actuator is arranged on the outer cavity wall of the optical resonant cavity;
the photoelectric control module is connected with the optical switch, the piezoelectric ceramic actuator and the first optical detector and is used for controlling the piezoelectric ceramic actuator to adjust the cavity length of the optical resonant cavity, so that the wavelength of the detection light beam is matched with the longitudinal mode of the optical resonant cavity, the light intensity of the emergent light beam is obtained according to the first electric signal, and when the light intensity of the emergent light beam is greater than a preset threshold value, the optical switch is controlled to change the transmission direction of the detection light beam or reduce the light intensity of the detection light beam so as to turn off the detection light beam;
the data processing module is connected with the first optical detector and is used for acquiring ring-down time of the detection light beam in the optical resonant cavity according to the first electric signal;
the optical resonant cavity is a flat concave cavity formed by a plane reflector and a concave reflector;
or, the cavity ring-down optoelectronic system further includes an output fiber connected to the first optical detector, the output fiber is a single-mode fiber having a fundamental mode matched with a fundamental transverse mode of the emergent beam, and the emergent beam is transmitted to the first optical detector after a high-order transverse mode is filtered by the output fiber.
A third aspect implemented by the present application provides an incident light path adjusting method, which is implemented based on the cavity ring-down optoelectronic system provided in the first aspect or the second aspect of the embodiment of the present application, and the method includes:
in the process of adjusting the beam waist position and the incidence angle of the detection beam, transmitting the detection beam to the optical resonant cavity through a circulator, wherein the circulator is connected with the laser;
converting a reflected beam reflected by the plane mirror into a second electric signal through a second optical detector, wherein the second optical detector is connected with the circulator and the photoelectric control module;
and acquiring the light intensity of the reflected light beam through the photoelectric control module according to the second electric signal so as to monitor the coupling degree of the probe light beam and a fundamental transverse mode of the optical resonant cavity until the coupling degree is greater than a coupling degree threshold value, wherein the light intensity of the reflected light beam is positively correlated with the coupling degree.
In the cavity ring-down optoelectronic system provided by the first aspect of the embodiment of the application, a detection light beam is output by a laser, an optical resonant cavity reflects the detection light beam back and forth and attenuates to an outgoing light beam, a first optical detector receives the outgoing light beam and converts the outgoing light beam into a first electrical signal, an optoelectronic control module adjusts working parameters of the laser to match the wavelength of the detection light beam with a longitudinal mode of the optical resonant cavity, the light intensity of the outgoing light beam is obtained according to the first electrical signal, when the light intensity of the outgoing light beam is greater than a preset threshold value, the working parameters of the laser are adjusted to make the wavelength of the detection light beam not match with the longitudinal mode of the optical resonant cavity to turn off the detection light beam, and a data processing module obtains ring-down time of the detection light beam in the optical resonant cavity according to the first electrical signal; the optical resonant cavity is a flat cavity with a beam waist of a basic transverse mode positioned on the plane reflector; or, the cavity ring-down photoelectric system further comprises a single-mode output optical fiber with the basic mode matched with the basic transverse mode of the emergent light beam, so that a high-order transverse mode can be effectively inhibited, and the system sensitivity is improved.
In the cavity ring-down optoelectronic system provided in the second aspect of the embodiment of the application, a laser outputs a detection beam, an optical resonant cavity reflects the detection beam back and forth and then attenuates the detection beam into an outgoing beam, a first optical detector receives the outgoing beam and converts the outgoing beam into a first electrical signal, an optoelectronic control module controls a piezoelectric ceramic actuator to adjust the cavity length of the optical resonant cavity, so that the wavelength of the detection beam is matched with a longitudinal mode of the optical resonant cavity, the light intensity of the outgoing beam is obtained according to the first electrical signal, when the light intensity of the outgoing beam is greater than a preset threshold value, an optical switch is controlled to change the transmission direction of the detection beam or reduce the light intensity of the detection beam so as to turn off the detection beam, and a data processing module obtains the ring-down time of the detection beam in the optical resonant cavity according to the first electrical signal; the optical resonant cavity is a flat cavity with a beam waist of a basic transverse mode positioned on the plane reflector; or, the cavity ring-down photoelectric system further comprises a single-mode output optical fiber with the basic mode matched with the basic transverse mode of the emergent light beam, so that a high-order transverse mode can be effectively inhibited, and the system sensitivity is improved.
In the incident light path adjusting method provided by the third aspect of the embodiment of the present application, in the process of adjusting the beam waist position and the incident angle of the probe beam, the probe beam is transmitted to the optical resonant cavity through the circulator, and the circulator is connected to the laser; a reflected light beam reflected by the plane reflector is converted into a second electric signal through a second optical detector, and the second optical detector is connected with the circulator and the photoelectric control module; and the photoelectric control module acquires the light intensity of the reflected light beam according to the second electric signal so as to monitor the coupling degree of the detection light beam and the basic transverse mode of the optical resonant cavity until the coupling degree is greater than the coupling degree threshold value, the light intensity of the reflected light beam is positively correlated with the coupling degree, and the efficient coupling of the detection light beam and the basic transverse mode of the optical resonant cavity can be realized.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments or the prior art descriptions will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present application, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a first structure of a cavity ring-down optoelectronic system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a second configuration of a cavity ring-down optoelectronic system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a third configuration of a cavity ring-down optoelectronic system according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a fourth configuration of a cavity ring-down optoelectronic system according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a fifth configuration of a cavity ring-down optoelectronic system according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram illustrating a sixth configuration of a cavity ring-down optoelectronic system according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 7 is a schematic diagram illustrating a seventh structure of a cavity ring-down optoelectronic system according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram illustrating an eighth configuration of a cavity ring-down optoelectronic system according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram illustrating a ninth configuration of a cavity ring-down optoelectronic system according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 10 is a schematic diagram of a tenth structure of a cavity ring-down optoelectronic system according to an embodiment of the present application.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical solutions better understood by those skilled in the art, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present application, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present application.
The terms "comprises" and "comprising," and any variations thereof, in the description and claims of this application and the drawings described above, are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusions. For example, a process, method, or system, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of steps or elements is not limited to only those steps or elements listed, but may alternatively include other steps or elements not listed, or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and "third," etc. are used to distinguish between different objects and are not used to describe a particular order.
As shown in fig. 1, fig. 2, or fig. 3, a first cavity ring-down optoelectronic system 100 provided in an embodiment of the present application includes:
a laser 1 for outputting a probe beam;
the optical resonant cavity 2 is used for attenuating the detection light beam into an emergent light beam after the detection light beam is reflected back and forth by the optical resonant cavity 2;
a first photodetector 3 for receiving the outgoing light beam and converting it into a first electrical signal;
the photoelectric control module 4 is connected with the laser 1 and the first optical detector 3 and is used for adjusting working parameters of the laser 1 to enable the wavelength of the detection light beam to be matched with a longitudinal mode of the optical resonant cavity 2, obtaining the light intensity of the emergent light beam according to the first electric signal, and adjusting the working parameters of the laser 1 to enable the wavelength of the detection light beam to be not matched with the longitudinal mode of the optical resonant cavity 2 when the light intensity of the emergent light beam is greater than a preset threshold value so as to turn off the detection light beam;
and the data processing module 5 is connected with the first optical detector 3 and is used for acquiring the ring-down time of the detection beam in the optical resonant cavity 2 according to the first electric signal.
The optical cavity 2 is exemplarily shown in fig. 1 as a flat cavity formed by a flat mirror and a concave mirror;
the optical resonator 2 is exemplarily shown in fig. 2 as a confocal cavity formed by two concave mirrors, and the base transverse mode beam waist of the confocal cavity is located between the two concave mirrors; the cavity ring-down optoelectronic system 100 further includes an output fiber 6 connected to the first optical detector 3, the output fiber 6 is a single-mode fiber having a fundamental mode matched with a fundamental transverse mode of the outgoing beam, and the outgoing beam is transmitted to the first optical detector 3 after a high-order transverse mode is filtered by the output fiber;
the optical resonator 2 is exemplarily shown in fig. 3 as a flat concave cavity formed by a plane mirror and a concave mirror, and the beam waist of the basic transverse mode of the flat concave cavity is located at the plane mirror; the cavity ring-down optoelectronic system 100 further includes an output fiber 6 connected to the first optical detector 3, the output fiber 6 is a single-mode fiber having a fundamental mode matched with a fundamental transverse mode of the outgoing beam, and the outgoing beam is transmitted to the first optical detector 3 after a high-order transverse mode of the outgoing beam is filtered by the output fiber.
In application, the optical resonant cavity may be a flat concave cavity formed by a plane mirror and a concave mirror, or the cavity ring-down optoelectronic system may further include an output fiber connected to the first optical detector, the output fiber is a single-mode fiber having a fundamental mode matched with a fundamental transverse mode of the outgoing beam, and the outgoing beam is transmitted to the first optical detector after a high-order transverse mode is filtered by the output fiber. Both cases of the optical cavity being a flat cavity and the cavity ring-down optoelectronic system also including the output fiber can exist.
In application, the optical resonant cavity may be an open cavity or a closed cavity. When the optical resonant cavity is an open cavity, it can be used to detect the absorption rate of a gas (e.g., the atmosphere) in any space in which it is located; when the optical resonant cavity is a closed cavity, the optical resonant cavity can be used for detecting the absorptivity of any gas (such as trace gas) filled in the closed cavity, and the absorption peak wavelength of the gas in the optical resonant cavity needs to be within the central wavelength range of the detection light beam; whether the optical resonant cavity is closed or not can be used for detecting the reflectivity of the inner side wall (namely the reflectivity of a plane mirror or a concave mirror for forming the optical resonant cavity), and the absorption peak wavelength of the gas in the optical resonant cavity is required to be out of the central wavelength range of the detection beam; when the optical resonant cavity is closed and vacuum, the reflectivity of the inner side wall of the optical resonant cavity can be accurately detected due to no gas interference.
In one embodiment, when the optical cavity is a flat cavity formed by a flat mirror and a concave mirror, the distance from the flat mirror to the concave mirror is 1/2 times the radius of curvature of the concave mirror, and the beam waist of the fundamental transverse mode of the flat cavity is located at the flat mirror.
In application, according to the structure of the optical resonant cavity, the cavity ring-down optoelectronic system has three structures shown in fig. 1 to 3, and the effects are as follows:
in the first structure shown in fig. 1, the optical resonant cavity is a flat cavity and does not include an output fiber formed by a single-mode fiber, and the use of the flat cavity with the beam waist of the fundamental transverse mode located on the plane mirror is beneficial to matching the emergent beam with the fundamental transverse mode of the flat cavity, so as to reduce the excitation of high-order transverse modes;
in the second structure shown in fig. 2, the optical resonant cavity is a double-concave cavity and includes an output fiber formed by a single-mode fiber, and by using the single-mode fiber whose fundamental mode matches with the fundamental transverse mode of the outgoing beam, the high-order transverse mode in the outgoing beam can be effectively filtered out, so that the high-order transverse mode in the outgoing beam finally received by the first optical detector approaches to 0;
in the third structure shown in fig. 3, the optical resonator is a flat cavity and includes an output fiber formed by a single-mode fiber, and by simultaneously using the flat cavity with the beam waist of the fundamental transverse mode located on the plane mirror and the single-mode fiber with the fundamental mode matched with the fundamental transverse mode of the outgoing beam, the superposition of two effects of reducing excitation of the high-order transverse mode and filtering the high-order transverse mode in the outgoing beam can be realized, so that the high-order transverse mode in the outgoing beam finally received by the first photodetector approaches to 0.
In application, the modulation type of the laser may be a current modulation type or a voltage modulation type. The laser may be any type of tunable laser, such as tunable semiconductor lasers, for example, Fabry-Perot (Fabry-Perot) lasers, Distributed Feedback (Distributed Feedback) semiconductor lasers, Distributed Bragg reflector (Distributed Bragg reflector) lasers, Vertical-cavity surface-emitting (Vertical-cavity surface-emitting) lasers, and external-cavity-tuned semiconductor lasers. The operating parameter of the laser may be an operating temperature, a bias current or a bias voltage. The wavelength of the probe beam output by the laser can be adjusted by changing the operating temperature, bias current or bias voltage of the laser chip of the laser.
In application, the first photodetector may be a photoelectric conversion device such as a photodiode, a photomultiplier tube, or the like.
In Application, the optoelectronic control module and the data Processing module may be a Central Processing Unit (CPU), other general purpose processors, a Digital Signal Processor (DSP), an Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC), an off-the-shelf Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) or other Programmable logic devices, discrete Gate or transistor logic devices, discrete hardware components, and the like. A general purpose processor may be a microprocessor or any conventional processor or the like.
In application, the working principle of the photoelectric control module and the data processing module is as follows:
the photoelectric control module adjusts the working parameters of the laser to change the wavelength of the detection light beam, so that the wavelength of the detection light beam is matched with the longitudinal mode of the optical resonant cavity and can be received by the first optical detector;
the photoelectric control module acquires the light intensity of the emergent light beam according to the first electric signal, when the light intensity of the emergent light beam is greater than a preset threshold value, the matching degree of the wavelength of the emergent light beam and the longitudinal mode of the optical resonant cavity is higher, at the moment, the working parameter of the laser is adjusted to change the wavelength of the detection light beam, so that the wavelength of the detection light beam is not matched with the longitudinal mode of the optical resonant cavity and cannot be received by the first optical detector, the detection light beam is indirectly turned off, and the first optical detector is triggered to rapidly sample;
the data processing module can acquire ring-down time of the detection beam in the optical resonant cavity according to a first electric signal obtained by fast sampling of the first optical detector.
As shown in fig. 4, an embodiment of the present application further provides a structure implemented on the basis of the cavity ring-down optoelectronic system 100, for performing an incident light path adjusting method when the optical resonant cavity 2 is a flat concave cavity formed by a plane mirror and a concave mirror, the structure further includes a circulator 7 connected to the laser 1 and a second photodetector 8 connected to the circulator 7 and the optoelectronic control module 4 on the basis of the cavity ring-down optoelectronic system 100, and the incident light path adjusting method includes:
in the process of adjusting the beam waist position and the incident angle of the detection beam, the detection beam is transmitted to the optical resonant cavity 2 through the circulator 7;
the reflected beam reflected by the plane mirror is converted into a second electrical signal by a second photodetector 8;
and acquiring the light intensity of the reflected light beam through the photoelectric control module 4 according to the second electric signal so as to monitor the coupling degree of the detection light beam and the fundamental transverse mode of the optical resonant cavity 2 until the coupling degree is greater than the coupling degree threshold value, wherein the light intensity of the reflected light beam is positively correlated with the coupling degree.
Fig. 4 schematically shows a structure for performing an incident light path adjusting method implemented on the basis of the cavity ring-down photoelectric system 100 shown in fig. 3.
In the application, in the process of adjusting the beam waist position and the incident angle of the detection beam, the detection beam (namely, the reflected beam) reflected by the plane reflector can be reversely transmitted to the second optical detector by arranging the circulator, the reflected beam is received by the second optical detector and converted into the second electric signal, so that the photoelectric control module can acquire the light intensity of the reflected beam according to the second electric signal, the coupling degree of the detection beam and the fundamental-transverse mode of the optical resonant cavity is monitored according to the light intensity of the reflected beam, the beam waist position and the incident angle of the detection beam are repeatedly adjusted under the condition that the coupling degree does not reach the coupling degree threshold value until the coupling degree is greater than the coupling degree threshold value, and the efficient coupling of the detection beam and the fundamental-transverse mode of the optical resonant cavity is finally realized. Theoretically, the higher the coupling degree is, the more the reflected light beam is, the higher the light intensity is, and when the beam waist of the fundamental transverse mode of the detection light beam is located on the plane mirror and is parallel to the normal of the plane mirror, the light intensity of the light beam reflected back to the second light detector through the light circulator is the strongest. The threshold value of the degree of coupling should be set to a value corresponding to the strongest light intensity of the reflected light beam acquired by the optoelectronic control module, depending on the actual situation.
In application, the second photodetector may be a photoelectric conversion device such as a photodiode and a photomultiplier, which may also be implemented in the same manner as the first photodetector.
In one embodiment, based on the embodiment corresponding to any one of fig. 1 to 3, the cavity ring-down optoelectronic system further includes:
the incident light shaping unit is arranged on a light path between the laser and the optical resonant cavity, and the detection light beam is transmitted to the optical resonant cavity after being subjected to spatial light modulation by the incident light shaping unit;
or the emergent light shaping unit is arranged on a light path between the optical resonant cavity and the first optical detector, and emergent light beams are transmitted to the first optical detector or the output optical fiber after being subjected to spatial light modulation by the emergent light shaping unit.
In application, the cavity ring-down optoelectronic system may include an incident light shaping unit, so that the probe beam may be better coupled to the optical resonant cavity; an exit light shaping unit may also be included to allow better coupling of the exit beam to the first photodetector or output fiber.
As shown in fig. 5, in one embodiment, the incident light shaping unit includes:
an optical isolator 9 connected to the laser 1 for isolating a backward beam having a propagation direction opposite to that of the probe beam;
an input optical fiber 10 connected to the optical isolator 9;
the detection light beam is transmitted to the optical resonant cavity 2 through the optical isolator 9, the input optical fiber 10 and the collimating lens 11 in sequence by the collimating lens 11;
the emergent light shaping unit comprises a first focusing lens 12, and the emergent light beam is transmitted to the first optical detector 3 after being focused by the first focusing lens 12.
Fig. 5 shows, as an example, on the basis of fig. 3, that an optical isolator 9, an input fiber 10 and a collimator lens 11 are arranged between the laser 1 and the optical resonator 2, and a first focusing lens 12 is arranged between the optical resonator 2 and the output fiber 6.
As shown in fig. 6, 7 or 8, a second cavity ring-down optoelectronic system 200 provided in the embodiments of the present application includes:
a laser 1 for outputting a probe beam;
an optical switch 13;
the optical resonant cavity 2 is used for attenuating the detection light beam into an emergent light beam after the detection light beam is reflected back and forth by the optical resonant cavity 2;
a first photodetector 3 for receiving the outgoing light beam and converting it into a first electrical signal;
a piezoceramic actuator 14 arranged on the outer cavity wall of the optical resonant cavity;
the photoelectric control module 4 is connected with the optical switch 13, the piezoelectric ceramic actuator 14 and the first optical detector 3, and is used for controlling the piezoelectric ceramic actuator 14 to adjust the cavity length of the optical resonant cavity, so that the wavelength of the detection light beam is matched with the longitudinal mode of the optical resonant cavity, obtaining the light intensity of the emergent light beam according to the first electric signal, and controlling the optical switch 13 to change the transmission direction of the detection light beam or reduce the light intensity of the detection light beam when the light intensity of the emergent light beam is greater than a preset threshold value so as to turn off the detection light beam;
and the data processing module 5 is connected with the first optical detector 3 and is used for acquiring the ring-down time of the detection beam in the optical resonant cavity 2 according to the first electric signal.
The optical cavity 2 is exemplarily shown in fig. 6 as a flat cavity formed by a flat mirror and a concave mirror;
the optical resonator 2 is exemplarily shown in fig. 7 as a confocal cavity formed by two concave mirrors, with a base transverse mode beam waist of the confocal cavity located between the two concave mirrors; the cavity ring-down optoelectronic system 100 further includes an output fiber 6 connected to the first optical detector 3, the output fiber 6 is a single-mode fiber having a fundamental mode matched with a fundamental transverse mode of the outgoing beam, and the outgoing beam is transmitted to the first optical detector 3 after a high-order transverse mode is filtered by the output fiber;
the optical cavity 2 is exemplarily shown in fig. 8 as a flat cavity formed by a plane mirror and a concave mirror, and the beam waist of the fundamental transverse mode of the flat cavity is located at the plane mirror; the cavity ring-down optoelectronic system 100 further includes an output fiber 6 connected to the first optical detector 3, the output fiber 6 is a single-mode fiber having a fundamental mode matched with a fundamental transverse mode of the outgoing beam, and the outgoing beam is transmitted to the first optical detector 3 after a high-order transverse mode of the outgoing beam is filtered by the output fiber.
In application, the optical switch may be an acousto-optic switch (AOM) or an electro-optic switch (EOM).
In application, the piezoceramic actuator can be arranged on any outer cavity wall of the optical resonant cavity in the optical path direction, namely the outer wall of the reflector or the concave reflector. The piezoelectric ceramic actuator can move under the control of the photoelectric control module, so that any cavity wall of the optical resonant cavity in the light path direction is driven to move, the cavity length of the optical resonant cavity is adjusted, and the matching degree between the wavelength of the detection light beam and the longitudinal mode of the optical resonant cavity is changed by adjusting the cavity length.
In one embodiment, when the optical cavity is a flat cavity formed by a flat mirror and a concave mirror, the distance from the flat mirror to the concave mirror is 1/2 times the radius of curvature of the concave mirror, and the beam waist of the fundamental transverse mode of the flat cavity is located at the flat mirror.
In application, the working principle of the photoelectric control module and the data processing module is as follows:
the photoelectric control module analyzes the wavelength and the light intensity of the emergent light beam according to the first electric signal, and controls the piezoelectric ceramic actuator to adjust the cavity length of the optical resonant cavity according to the wavelength of the emergent light beam so as to change the wavelength of the detection light beam, so that the wavelength of the detection light beam is matched with the longitudinal mode of the optical resonant cavity and can be received by the first optical detector;
when the light intensity of the emergent light beam is greater than a preset threshold value, the matching degree of the wavelength of the emergent light beam and a longitudinal mode of the optical resonant cavity is higher, at the moment, the acousto-optic modulator is controlled to change the transmission direction of the detection light beam, so that the detection light beam cannot be transmitted to the optical resonant cavity, or the electro-optic modulator is controlled to change the light intensity of the detection light beam, so that the light intensity is reduced and cannot be received by the first optical detector, the detection light beam is directly turned off, and the first optical detector is triggered to rapidly sample;
the data processing module can acquire ring-down time of the detection beam in the optical resonant cavity according to a first electric signal obtained by fast sampling of the first optical detector.
As shown in fig. 9, an embodiment of the present application further provides a structure implemented on the basis of the cavity ring-down optoelectronic system 200 when the optical resonant cavity 2 is a flat concave cavity formed by a plane mirror and a concave mirror, the structure further includes a circulator 7 connected to the laser 1 and a second photodetector 8 connected to the circulator 7 and the optoelectronic control module 4 on the basis of the cavity ring-down optoelectronic system 100, and the incident light path adjusting method is as described in the embodiment corresponding to fig. 4, which is not described herein again.
Fig. 9 schematically shows a structure for performing an incident light path adjusting method implemented on the basis of the cavity ring-down photoelectric system 200 shown in fig. 8.
In one embodiment, based on the embodiment corresponding to any one of fig. 6 to 9, the cavity ring-down optoelectronic system further includes:
the incident light shaping unit is arranged on a light path between the optical switch and the optical resonant cavity, and the detection light beam is transmitted to the incident light shaping unit through the optical switch to be subjected to spatial light modulation and then is transmitted to the optical resonant cavity;
or the emergent light shaping unit is arranged on a light path between the optical resonant cavity and the first optical detector, and emergent light beams are transmitted to the first optical detector after being subjected to spatial light modulation by the emergent light shaping unit.
As shown in fig. 10, in one embodiment, the incident light shaping unit includes:
an optical isolator 9 connected to the laser 1 for isolating a backward beam having a propagation direction opposite to that of the probe beam;
an input optical fiber 10 connected to an optical switch 13;
the detection light beam is transmitted to the optical resonant cavity 2 through the optical isolator 9, the optical switch 13, the input optical fiber 10 and the collimating lens 11 in sequence by the collimating lens 11;
the emergent light shaping unit comprises a first focusing lens 12, and the emergent light beam is transmitted to the first optical detector 3 after being focused by the first focusing lens 12.
Fig. 10 shows, as an example, on the basis of fig. 8, that an optical isolator 9, an input fiber 10 and a collimator lens 11 are arranged between the laser 1 and the optical resonator 2, and a first focusing lens 12 is arranged between the optical resonator 2 and the output fiber 6.
In application, the implementation, the operation principle, and the effect of the components not described in detail in fig. 6 to 10 refer to the embodiments corresponding to fig. 1 to 5, which are not described again here.
In application, the cavity ring down photovoltaic system may include, but is not limited to, the above components. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the illustration is merely an example of a cavity ring-down photovoltaic system and does not constitute a limitation of a cavity ring-down photovoltaic system and may include more or fewer components than those illustrated, or some components in combination, or different components, such as a storage, input-output devices, network access devices, etc.
In some embodiments, the memory may be an internal storage unit of the cavity ring-down photovoltaic system, for example, a hard disk or a memory of the cavity ring-down photovoltaic system, and may be a memory of the optoelectronic control module or the data processing module. The memory may also be an external storage device of the cavity ring-down optoelectronic system in other embodiments, such as a plug-in hard disk provided on the cavity ring-down optoelectronic system, a Smart Media Card (SMC), a Secure Digital (SD) Card, a Flash memory Card (Flash Card), and so on. Further, the memory may also include both internal storage cells of the cavity ring down photovoltaic system and external storage devices. The memory is used for storing an operating system, application programs, a BootLoader (BootLoader), data, and other programs, such as program codes of computer programs. The memory may also be used to temporarily store data that has been output or is to be output. The optoelectronic control module and the data processing module can be integrated in one processing unit, or each unit can exist independently and physically. In addition, the specific names of the optoelectronic control module and the data processing module are only for the convenience of distinguishing from each other, and are not used to limit the protection scope of the present application.
The embodiment of the present application further provides an application method of the above cavity ring-down photovoltaic system, including the following steps:
acquiring the reflectivity of the inner side wall of the optical resonant cavity according to the ring-down time acquired when no gas exists in the optical resonant cavity;
alternatively, the gas absorption rate is obtained from a ring down time obtained when no gas is present in the optical resonator and a ring down time obtained when a gas is present in the optical resonator.
In one embodiment, the relationship between the light intensity of the emergent beam and the ring down time is as follows:
I＝I0exp (-t/tau) (relation one)
Wherein I is the light intensity of the emergent beam obtained at the moment when the emergent beam is stopped being converted into the first electric signal, I0T is the measurement time from the moment when the probe beam is turned off to the moment when the conversion of the emergent beam into the first electrical signal is stopped, and τ is the ring-down time, for the initial light intensity of the emergent beam.
In application, the initial light intensity of the outgoing light beam is the light intensity of the outgoing light beam obtained according to the first electric signal when the light intensity of the outgoing light beam is greater than a preset threshold value.
In one embodiment, the relationship between ring down time and parameters of the optical cavity is as follows:
τ＝2L/C[-ln(R1 R2)+2δ+2β](second relation)
Wherein L is the length of the optical resonant cavity, C is the speed of light, and R is1And R2The reflectivity of two inner side walls of the optical resonant cavity is δ is the optical loss (e.g., diffraction loss) of the optical resonant cavity to the probe beam when the optical path of the probe beam in the optical resonant cavity is equal to the single cavity length, and β is the absorption rate of the gas in the optical resonant cavity to the probe beam when the optical path of the probe beam in the optical resonant cavity is equal to the single cavity length.
In application, optical resonanceThe reflectivity of the two inner side walls of the cavity can be considered equal, i.e. R1＝R2Thus, the relationship two can be simplified as follows:
τ ═ L/C (1-R + δ + β ] (equation three).
Based on the third relation, when no gas exists in the optical resonant cavity, the third relation can be simplified as the following relation:
τ1＝L/C(1-R+δ](fourth relation)
Wherein, tau1And when no gas exists in the optical resonant cavity, obtaining the ring-down time according to the relation formula I.
Based on the fourth relation, under the condition that no gas exists in the optical resonant cavity and the optical loss of the optical resonant cavity to the detection light beam is neglected, the relation between the reflectivity of the inner side wall of the optical resonant cavity and the ring-down time is as follows:
R＝L/(Cτ1) (relational expression five).
Based on the fourth relation, when the optical loss of the optical resonant cavity to the probe beam is neglected, and the optical path length of the probe beam in the optical resonant cavity is equal to the single cavity length, the relation between the absorption rate of the gas in the optical resonant cavity to the probe beam and the ring-down time is as follows:
β＝L/[C(1/τ2-1/τ1)](six relation)
Wherein, tau2And when gas exists in the optical resonant cavity, obtaining the ring-down time according to the relation formula I.
According to the application method based on the cavity ring-down photoelectric system, provided by the embodiment of the application, the reflectivity of the inner side wall of the optical resonant cavity can be quickly and accurately measured according to the ring-down time obtained when no gas exists in the optical resonant cavity; and the absorption rate of the gas can be rapidly and accurately measured according to the ring-down time acquired when no gas exists in the optical resonant cavity and the ring-down time acquired when gas exists in the optical resonant cavity.
It should be noted that, since the execution process of the above steps is based on the same concept as that of the embodiment of the cavity ring-down photovoltaic system of the present application, specific functions and technical effects thereof may be found in the embodiment of the cavity ring-down photovoltaic system, and details thereof are not repeated herein.
The embodiment of the present application further provides a computer-readable storage medium, where a computer program is stored, and when the computer program is executed by the data processing module, the steps in the embodiment of the application method may be implemented.
Embodiments of the present application provide a computer program product, when the computer program product runs on a cavity ring-down optoelectronic system, so that the cavity ring-down optoelectronic system can implement the steps in the above application method embodiments.
In application, the computer readable medium may include at least: any entity or system capable of carrying computer program code to a data processing module, a recording medium, computer Memory, Read-Only Memory (ROM), Random-Access Memory (RAM), an electrical carrier signal, a telecommunications signal, and a software distribution medium. Such as a usb-disk, a removable hard disk, a magnetic or optical disk, etc.
In the above embodiments, the descriptions of the respective embodiments have respective emphasis, and reference may be made to the related descriptions of other embodiments for parts that are not described or illustrated in a certain embodiment.
Those of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that the various illustrative devices, elements, and algorithm steps described in connection with the embodiments disclosed herein may be implemented as electronic hardware or combinations of computer software and electronic hardware. Whether such functionality is implemented as hardware or software depends upon the particular application and design constraints imposed on the implementation. Skilled artisans may implement the described functionality in varying ways for each particular application, but such implementation decisions should not be interpreted as causing a departure from the scope of the present application.
In the embodiments provided in the present application, it should be understood that the disclosed system and method may be implemented in other ways. For example, the above-described embodiments are merely illustrative, and for example, a division of a unit is merely a division of a logic function, and an actual implementation may have another division, for example, a plurality of units or components may be combined or may be integrated, or some features may be omitted, or may not be executed.
The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present application, and not to limit the same; although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it should be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; such modifications and substitutions do not substantially depart from the spirit and scope of the embodiments of the present application and are intended to be included within the scope of the present application.
Claims (17)
1. A cavity ring down optoelectronic system, comprising:
a laser for outputting a probe beam;
the detection light beam is reflected back and forth by the optical resonant cavity and then attenuated into an emergent light beam;
the first optical detector is used for receiving the emergent light beam and converting the emergent light beam into a first electric signal;
the photoelectric control module is connected with the laser and the first optical detector and used for adjusting working parameters of the laser, enabling the wavelength of the detection light beam to be matched with a longitudinal mode of the optical resonant cavity, obtaining the light intensity of the emergent light beam according to the first electric signal, and adjusting the working parameters of the laser when the light intensity of the emergent light beam is larger than a preset threshold value, so that the wavelength of the detection light beam is not matched with the longitudinal mode of the optical resonant cavity, and the detection light beam is turned off;
the data processing module is connected with the first optical detector and is used for acquiring ring-down time of the detection light beam in the optical resonant cavity according to the first electric signal;
the optical resonant cavity is a flat concave cavity formed by a plane reflector and a concave reflector;
or, the cavity ring-down optoelectronic system further includes an output fiber connected to the first optical detector, the output fiber is a single-mode fiber having a fundamental mode matched with a fundamental transverse mode of the emergent beam, and the emergent beam is transmitted to the first optical detector after a high-order transverse mode is filtered by the output fiber.
2. The cavity ring down optoelectronic system of claim 1, wherein when the resonant optical cavity is a flat concave cavity formed by a flat mirror and a concave mirror, the distance from the flat mirror to the concave mirror is 1/2 times the radius of curvature of the concave mirror, and the beam waist of the fundamental transverse mode of the flat concave cavity is located at the flat mirror.
3. The cavity ring-down optoelectronic system of claim 1, wherein when the output fiber is a single-mode fiber having a fundamental mode matching a fundamental transverse mode of the outgoing beam, the optical resonant cavity is a confocal cavity formed by two concave mirrors with a fundamental transverse mode beam waist located between the two concave mirrors.
4. The cavity ring down optoelectronic system of any one of claims 1 to 3, further comprising:
the incident light shaping unit is arranged on a light path between the laser and the optical resonant cavity, and the detection light beam is transmitted to the optical resonant cavity after being subjected to spatial light modulation by the incident light shaping unit;
or, the emergent light shaping unit is arranged on a light path between the optical resonant cavity and the first optical detector, and the emergent light beam is transmitted to the first optical detector after being subjected to spatial light modulation by the emergent light shaping unit.
5. The cavity ring down optoelectronic system of claim 4, wherein the incident light shaping unit comprises:
an optical isolator coupled to the laser for isolating a reverse beam propagating in a direction opposite the probe beam;
an input optical fiber connected to the optical isolator;
the detection light beam is transmitted to the optical resonant cavity sequentially through the optical isolator, the input optical fiber and the collimating lens;
the emergent light shaping unit comprises a first focusing lens, and the emergent light beam is transmitted to the first optical detector after being focused by the first focusing lens.
6. The cavity ring down optoelectronic system of any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the data processing module is further configured to:
acquiring the reflectivity of the inner side wall of the optical resonant cavity according to the ring-down time acquired when no gas exists in the optical resonant cavity;
or acquiring the absorptivity of the gas according to the ring-down time acquired when no gas exists in the optical resonant cavity and the ring-down time acquired when gas exists in the optical resonant cavity.
7. The cavity ring down optoelectronic system of claim 6, wherein the reflectivity is related to the ring down time by the following equation:
R＝L/(Cτ1)
wherein R is the reflectivity of the inner side wall of the optical resonant cavity, L is the cavity length of the optical resonant cavity, C is the speed of light, and tau1Is the ring down time obtained when there is no gas in the optical cavity.
8. The cavity ring down optoelectronic system of claim 6 wherein the absorption rate of the gas and the ring down time are related by the equation:
β＝L/[C(1/τ2-1/τ1)]
wherein β is the optical path length of the probe beam in the optical resonant cavity equal to the single cavity length and the gas absorption rate, L is the cavity length of the optical resonant cavity, C is the speed of light, τ1Is the ring-down time, τ, obtained in the absence of gas in the optical resonator2In the optical resonant cavityRing down time obtained with gas in.
9. A cavity ring down optoelectronic system, comprising:
a laser for outputting a probe beam;
an optical switch;
the detection light beam is reflected back and forth by the optical resonant cavity and then attenuated into an emergent light beam;
the first optical detector is used for receiving the emergent light beam and converting the emergent light beam into a first electric signal;
the piezoelectric ceramic actuator is arranged on the outer cavity wall of the optical resonant cavity;
the photoelectric control module is connected with the optical switch, the piezoelectric ceramic actuator and the first optical detector and is used for controlling the piezoelectric ceramic actuator to adjust the cavity length of the optical resonant cavity, so that the wavelength of the detection light beam is matched with the longitudinal mode of the optical resonant cavity, the light intensity of the emergent light beam is obtained according to the first electric signal, and when the light intensity of the emergent light beam is greater than a preset threshold value, the optical switch is controlled to change the transmission direction of the detection light beam or reduce the light intensity of the detection light beam so as to turn off the detection light beam;
the data processing module is connected with the first optical detector and is used for acquiring ring-down time of the detection light beam in the optical resonant cavity according to the first electric signal;
the optical resonant cavity is a flat concave cavity formed by a plane reflector and a concave reflector;
or, the cavity ring-down optoelectronic system further includes an output fiber connected to the first optical detector, the output fiber is a single-mode fiber having a fundamental mode matched with a fundamental transverse mode of the emergent beam, and the emergent beam is transmitted to the first optical detector after a high-order transverse mode is filtered by the output fiber.
10. The cavity ring down optoelectronic system of claim 9, wherein when the resonant optical cavity is a flat concave cavity formed by a flat mirror and a concave mirror, the distance from the flat mirror to the concave mirror is 1/2 times the radius of curvature of the concave mirror, and the beam waist of the fundamental transverse mode of the flat concave cavity is located at the flat mirror.
11. The cavity ring-down optoelectronic system of claim 9, wherein when the output fiber is a single-mode fiber having a fundamental mode matching a fundamental transverse mode of the outgoing beam, the optical resonant cavity is a confocal cavity formed by two concave mirrors with a fundamental transverse mode beam waist located between the two concave mirrors.
12. The cavity ring down optoelectronic system of any one of claims 9 to 11, further comprising:
the incident light shaping unit is arranged on a light path between the optical switch and the optical resonant cavity, and the detection light beam is transmitted to the optical resonant cavity after being subjected to spatial light modulation by the incident light shaping unit through the optical switch;
and the emergent light shaping unit is arranged on a light path between the optical resonant cavity and the first optical detector, and the emergent light beam is transmitted to the first optical detector after being subjected to spatial light modulation by the emergent light shaping unit.
13. The cavity ring down optoelectronic system of claim 12, wherein the incident light shaping unit comprises:
an optical isolator coupled to the laser for isolating a reverse beam propagating in a direction opposite the probe beam;
an input optical fiber connected to the optical switch;
the detection light beam is transmitted to the optical resonant cavity sequentially through the optical isolator, the optical switch, the input optical fiber and the collimating lens;
the emergent light shaping unit comprises a first focusing lens, and the emergent light beam is transmitted to the first optical detector after being focused by the first focusing lens.
14. The cavity ring down optoelectronic system of any one of claims 9 to 11, wherein the data processing module is further configured to:
acquiring the reflectivity of the inner side wall of the optical resonant cavity according to the ring-down time acquired when no gas exists in the optical resonant cavity;
or acquiring the absorptivity of the gas according to the ring-down time acquired when no gas exists in the optical resonant cavity and the ring-down time acquired when gas exists in the optical resonant cavity.
15. The cavity ring down optoelectronic system of claim 14, wherein the reflectivity is related to the ring down time by:
R＝L/(Cτ1)
wherein R is the reflectivity of the inner side wall of the optical resonant cavity, L is the cavity length of the optical resonant cavity, C is the speed of light, and tau1Is the ring down time obtained when there is no gas in the optical cavity.
16. The cavity ring down optoelectronic system of claim 14, wherein the absorption rate of the gas and the ring down time are related by the equation:
β＝L/[C(1/τ2-1/τ1)]
wherein β is the optical path length of the probe beam in the optical resonant cavity equal to the single cavity length and the gas absorption rate, L is the cavity length of the optical resonant cavity, C is the speed of light, τ1Is the ring-down time, τ, obtained in the absence of gas in the optical resonator2Is the ring down time obtained when gas is present in the optical cavity.
17. An incident light path adjusting method implemented based on the cavity ring-down photoelectric system according to claim 2 or 10, the method comprising:
in the process of adjusting the beam waist position and the incidence angle of the detection beam, transmitting the detection beam to the optical resonant cavity through a circulator, wherein the circulator is connected with the laser;
converting a reflected beam reflected by the plane mirror into a second electric signal through a second optical detector, wherein the second optical detector is connected with the circulator and the photoelectric control module;
and acquiring the light intensity of the reflected light beam through the photoelectric control module according to the second electric signal so as to monitor the coupling degree of the probe light beam and a fundamental transverse mode of the optical resonant cavity until the coupling degree is greater than a coupling degree threshold value, wherein the light intensity of the reflected light beam is positively correlated with the coupling degree.
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| CN116448718B (en) * | 2023-04-19 | 2023-12-05 | 河北子曰机械设备有限公司 | Cavity ring-down tuning unit and cavity ring-down spectroscopy device |
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| WO2023272617A1 (en) | 2023-01-05 |
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