CN113644437A - Microstrip antenna and millimeter wave radar - Google Patents

Microstrip antenna and millimeter wave radar Download PDF

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Publication number
CN113644437A
CN113644437A CN202110956373.6A CN202110956373A CN113644437A CN 113644437 A CN113644437 A CN 113644437A CN 202110956373 A CN202110956373 A CN 202110956373A CN 113644437 A CN113644437 A CN 113644437A
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China
Prior art keywords
antenna
array
transmitting
receiving
arrays
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CN202110956373.6A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
马留涛
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Autel Intelligent Automobile Corp Ltd
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Autel Intelligent Automobile Corp Ltd
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Priority to CN202110956373.6A priority Critical patent/CN113644437A/en
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/52—Means for reducing coupling between antennas; Means for reducing coupling between an antenna and another structure
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
    • G01S13/88—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
    • G01S7/02—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S13/00
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/002—Protection against seismic waves, thermal radiation or other disturbances, e.g. nuclear explosion; Arrangements for improving the power handling capability of an antenna
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/52—Means for reducing coupling between antennas; Means for reducing coupling between an antenna and another structure
    • H01Q1/521—Means for reducing coupling between antennas; Means for reducing coupling between an antenna and another structure reducing the coupling between adjacent antennas
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/52—Means for reducing coupling between antennas; Means for reducing coupling between an antenna and another structure
    • H01Q1/521—Means for reducing coupling between antennas; Means for reducing coupling between an antenna and another structure reducing the coupling between adjacent antennas
    • H01Q1/523—Means for reducing coupling between antennas; Means for reducing coupling between an antenna and another structure reducing the coupling between adjacent antennas between antennas of an array
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q23/00—Antennas with active circuits or circuit elements integrated within them or attached to them
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system

Abstract

The embodiment of the invention relates to the technical field of antennas and discloses a microstrip antenna and a millimeter wave radar. The microstrip antenna comprises a dielectric substrate, a plurality of transmitting antenna arrays and an antenna control circuit, wherein the plurality of transmitting antenna arrays are arranged on the dielectric substrate in parallel, each transmitting antenna array comprises a plurality of transmitting array elements which are connected in series, the current amplitude of each transmitting array element in each transmitting antenna array meets a first antenna beam forming condition on the E surface of the antenna, the incident current of each transmitting antenna array meets a second antenna beam forming condition on the H surface of the antenna, the antenna control circuit is arranged on the dielectric substrate, and the antenna control circuit is electrically connected with the transmitting antenna arrays and can control the working state of each transmitting antenna array. In the embodiment, the E-surface directional diagram and the H-surface directional diagram of the transmitting antenna are subjected to antenna beam forming, so that the level of the antenna side lobe can be reduced, the interference of side lobe noise is inhibited, and the anti-interference capability is improved.

Description

Microstrip antenna and millimeter wave radar
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of antennas, in particular to a microstrip antenna and a millimeter wave radar.
Background
Compared with the traditional antenna, the millimeter wave radar antenna can more easily realize higher gain and narrower beam width under smaller antenna volume, thereby having higher detection precision and longer detection distance, and therefore, the millimeter wave radar antenna is widely applied to the fields of traffic, communication and the like.
The millimeter wave radar can receive the influence of environment to a certain extent at the detection in-process to cause certain interference to the detection of millimeter wave radar, and then reduce the detection accuracy. Therefore, it is a technical problem to be solved urgently to improve the anti-interference capability of the millimeter wave radar.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the invention provides a microstrip antenna and a millimeter wave radar, which can solve the technical problem that the millimeter wave radar in the related technology is weak in anti-interference capability.
The embodiment of the invention provides the following technical scheme for improving the technical problems:
in a first aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a microstrip antenna, including: a dielectric substrate;
the antenna comprises a dielectric substrate, a plurality of transmitting antenna arrays, a plurality of antenna array units and a plurality of antenna array units, wherein the dielectric substrate is provided with a plurality of dielectric layers; on the surface H of the antenna, the incident current of each transmitting antenna array meets a second antenna beam forming condition;
and the antenna control circuit is arranged on the dielectric substrate, is electrically connected with the transmitting antenna arrays and is used for controlling the working state of each transmitting antenna array.
Optionally, in each of the transmit antenna arrays, the width of the transmit array elements decreases from the center of the array to both ends.
Optionally, the width ratio of the transmitting array elements in each transmitting array is equal to the current amplitude ratio.
Optionally, the transmitting antenna arrays are symmetrically distributed about a central axis, wherein a distance between each transmitting antenna array and the central axis is in a negative correlation with an incident current thereof.
Optionally, the antenna control circuit includes:
a controller;
the power synthesizer is electrically connected with the controller and is used for generating total current under the control of the controller;
the impedance converter comprises a main circuit impedance converter and a branch circuit impedance converter, one end of the main circuit impedance converter is connected with the power combiner, the other end of the main circuit impedance converter is electrically connected with one end of a part of transmitting antenna arrays and one end of the branch circuit impedance converter at a parallel node respectively, the other end of the branch circuit impedance converter is electrically connected with the other part of transmitting antenna arrays, and the total current is shunted to each transmitting antenna array from the parallel node.
Optionally, a distance between any two adjacent transmitting array elements in each transmitting antenna array is a first wavelength, where the first wavelength is a dielectric wavelength of the dielectric substrate.
Optionally, the antenna further comprises a plurality of receiving antenna arrays, each of which is electrically connected to a corresponding receiving channel of the antenna control circuit, wherein each of the receiving antenna arrays comprises two receiving antenna groups connected in parallel, each of the receiving antenna groups comprises a plurality of receiving array elements connected in series, and on an antenna H plane, the width of the receiving array element in each of the receiving antenna groups satisfies a third antenna beam forming condition.
Optionally, the distance between two adjacent receiving channels is 1.5 times of a second wavelength, where the second wavelength is a wavelength of the electromagnetic wave in free space.
Optionally, the antenna further comprises a plurality of virtual receive antenna groups, and each virtual receive antenna group is arranged between two adjacent receive antenna arrays.
Optionally, the receiving array elements in each receiving antenna group are comb-shaped and staggered.
Optionally, a distance between two adjacent receiving array elements in each receiving antenna group is 0.5 times of a second wavelength, where the second wavelength is a wavelength of the electromagnetic wave in free space.
In a second aspect, embodiments of the present invention provide a millimeter wave radar including a microstrip antenna as described above.
The embodiment of the invention has the beneficial effects that: a microstrip antenna and a millimeter wave radar are provided. The microstrip antenna includes: the antenna comprises a dielectric substrate, a plurality of transmitting antenna arrays and an antenna control circuit, wherein the plurality of transmitting antenna arrays are arranged on the dielectric substrate in parallel, each transmitting antenna array comprises a plurality of transmitting array elements which are connected in series, the current amplitude of each transmitting array element in each transmitting antenna array meets a first antenna beam forming condition on the E surface of the antenna, the incident current of each transmitting antenna array meets a second antenna beam forming condition on the H surface of the antenna, the antenna control circuit is arranged on the dielectric substrate, and the antenna control circuit is electrically connected with the transmitting antenna arrays and can control the working state of each transmitting antenna array. In the embodiment, the E-surface directional diagram and the H-surface directional diagram of the transmitting antenna are subjected to antenna beam forming, so that the level of the antenna side lobe can be reduced, the interference of side lobe noise is inhibited, and the anti-interference capability is improved.
Drawings
The embodiments are illustrated by way of example only in the accompanying drawings, in which like reference numerals refer to similar elements and which are not to be construed as limiting the embodiments, and in which the figures are not to scale unless otherwise specified.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a microstrip antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of another microstrip antenna provided in the embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of simulation results of a transmitting antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of simulation results of a transmitting antenna system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 is an antenna receiving array factor pattern provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
To facilitate an understanding of the present application, the present application is described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and detailed description. It will be understood that when an element is referred to as being "connected" to another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or intervening elements may be present. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and the like are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. The terminology used in the description of the invention herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. As used herein, the term "and/or" includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.
In addition, the technical features mentioned in the different embodiments of the present application described below may be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.
All terms (including technical and scientific terms) used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art unless otherwise defined. It is noted that the terms used herein should be interpreted as having a meaning that is consistent with the context of this specification and should not be interpreted in an idealized or overly formal sense. For example, an antenna pattern is a pattern that describes the relative spatial distribution of the antenna radiation field as a function of direction. The antenna pattern is also called a lobe pattern because it is in the shape of a petal. A spatial pattern is a pattern that comprehensively describes the radiation of the pattern in various directions. The E-plane refers to the plane in which the electric field vector containing the direction of maximum radiation lies. And (5) intercepting the three-dimensional directional diagram by using the E surface to obtain the E surface directional diagram. The H-plane refers to the plane in which the magnetic field vector containing the direction of maximum radiation lies. And (5) intercepting the three-dimensional directional diagram by using an H surface to obtain an H surface directional diagram. In the lobe pattern, the beam within the first zero radiation direction line on both sides of the maximum radiation direction is called a main lobe, and the rest lobes are called side lobes or side lobes. The lobe width refers to the width of an included angle formed at a position 3dB lower than the peak value of the main lobe in a lobe pattern, and is also called as beam width, main lobe width, half-power angle and the like, and the formed angle is called as a lobe angle. The side lobe level refers to the ratio of the side lobe maximum to the main lobe maximum.
Referring to fig. 1, fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a microstrip antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in fig. 1, the microstrip antenna includes a dielectric substrate 10, a plurality of transmitting antenna arrays 20, and an antenna control circuit 30.
Generally, a metal clad is attached to one surface of a thin dielectric substrate to serve as a ground plate, and a metal patch having a predetermined shape is formed on the other surface by a photolithography and etching method.
Based on different applications and design requirements, parameters (including dielectric constant, dielectric substrate thickness, tangent loss angle, etc.) of the dielectric substrate can be different, and the adopted dielectric substrate plate material can be different. In some embodiments, the dielectric substrate 10 is a Rogers RO3003 sheet material. In the embodiment, the Rogers RO3003 plate is applied to the design of a 77GHz-81 GHz-band millimeter wave radar antenna.
In some embodiments, the dielectric substrate 10 is used in the 78GHz band. In some embodiments, the dielectric constant of the dielectric substrate 10 at 78GHz band is 3.16, the thickness of the dielectric substrate is 0.127mm, and the thickness of the surface copper cladding is 20 um.
A plurality of transmit antenna arrays 20 are arranged in parallel on the dielectric substrate 10, and each transmit antenna array 20 includes a plurality of transmit array elements 21 connected in series. The plurality of transmitting antenna arrays 20 arrange a plurality of radiating elements (transmitting array elements 21) in a certain direction or regular pattern to form a radiating system.
On the antenna E plane, the current amplitude of each transmitting array element 21 in each transmitting antenna array 20 satisfies the first antenna beam forming condition. By carrying out first antenna beam forming on the E surface directional diagram of the transmitting antenna, the side lobe level of the transmitting antenna can be reduced, and the interference of side lobe noise is inhibited.
Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the side lobe direction is generally the direction in which energy is not desired to be radiated or received, and that lower antenna side lobe levels indicate that the antenna is less capable of radiating or receiving energy in undesired directions, or more capable of suppressing spurious incoming waves in such directions, the greater the interference rejection capability.
On the antenna H plane, the incident current of each transmit antenna array 20 satisfies the second antenna beam forming condition. By carrying out second antenna beam forming on the H-surface directional diagram of the transmitting antenna, the level of the side lobe of the transmitting antenna can be reduced, and the interference of side lobe noise is inhibited. Wherein the incident current of each transmit antenna array 20 refers to the equivalent total current of the corresponding transmit antenna array 20.
The antenna control circuit 30 is disposed on the dielectric substrate 10, and the antenna control circuit 30 is electrically connected to the transmitting antenna arrays 20, so as to control the operating state of each transmitting antenna array 20. By controlling the operating state of each transmit antenna array 20, it is convenient to achieve that the incident current of each transmit antenna array 20 satisfies the second antenna beam forming condition.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the first antenna beam forming is carried out on the E surface directional diagram of the transmitting antenna, the second antenna beam forming is carried out on the H surface directional diagram of the transmitting antenna, the level of the antenna side lobe is effectively reduced, the interference of side lobe noise is inhibited, and the anti-interference capability is improved.
In some embodiments, in each transmit antenna array 20, the width of the transmit elements 21 decreases from the center of the array to the ends.
On each transmit antenna array 20, the transmit array elements 21 are arranged in a straight line and are arranged at equal intervals, the transmit array elements 21 are symmetrical with respect to the array center of the transmit antenna array 20, and the width of the transmit array element 21 closer to the array center is larger, and the width of the transmit array element 21 farther from the array center is smaller. For example, as shown in fig. 1, the number of the transmit array elements 21 in each transmit antenna array 20 is 5, the r3 th transmit array element 21 is closest to the center of the array and has the largest width, the r2 th transmit array element and the r4 th transmit array element are 21 times, the width is medium, and the r1 th transmit array element and the r5 th transmit array element 21 are farthest from the center of the array and have the smallest width.
It is understood that the number of the transmit antenna arrays 20 and the number of the transmit array elements 21 in each transmit antenna array 20 may be determined according to actual requirements, and the number of the transmit antenna arrays 20 or the number of the transmit array elements 21 in each transmit antenna array 20 may be odd or even.
In some embodiments, the ratio of the widths of the transmit elements 21 in each transmit antenna array 20 is equal to the ratio of the current amplitudes.
For example, the number of the transmitting array elements 21 in each transmitting antenna array 20 is 5, the first antenna beamforming is performed on the E-plane pattern of the transmitting antenna, and the current amplitude ratio of the 5 transmitting array elements 21 in each transmitting antenna array 20 is determined according to the design target (how many side lobe levels the target obtains), for example, ir1:ir2:ir3:ir4:ir5Since the transmitting array elements 21 in each transmitting antenna array 20 are fed in series, the ratio of the widths of the 5 transmitting array elements 21 in each transmitting antenna array 20 is approximately equal to the ratio of the current amplitudes of the corresponding 5 transmitting array elements 21, that is, W, which is equal to 0.51:0.9:1:0.9:0.51r1:Wr2:Wr3:Wr4:Wr5Therefore, by determining the ratio of the current amplitudes of the transmitting elements 21 in each transmitting antenna array 20, the ratio of the widths of the transmitting elements 21 in the corresponding transmitting array 20 can be determined.
In some embodiments, the first antenna beamforming conditions include a taylor distribution, a chebyshev distribution, or the like. In this embodiment, in order to meet the requirement of low sidelobe level, taylor synthesis or chebyshev windowing function synthesis is performed on the E-plane pattern of the transmitting antenna, taylor distribution or chebyshev distribution is used as the current amplitude ratio of the transmitting array element 21 in each transmitting antenna array 20, and since the current amplitude ratio can be approximately equal to the width ratio, the width ratio of the transmitting array element 21 in each transmitting antenna array 20 can be determined according to the current amplitude ratio. For the design convenience, the width of the transmitting array element 21 closest to the center of the array is determined, and then the widths of the remaining transmitting array elements 21 are determined according to the width ratio.
In order to ensure that the respective transmitting elements 21 in each transmitting antenna array 20 are distributed with equal phase, so that the phase of the signals entering each transmitting element 21 is consistent, in some embodiments, the distance d1 between any two adjacent transmitting elements 21 in each transmitting antenna array 20 is a first wavelength, where the first wavelength is the medium wavelength of the medium substrate 10. It should be noted that the distance d1 is the distance between the center points of two adjacent transmitting array elements 21.
In some embodiments, the transmit antenna array 20 is symmetrically distributed about a central axis. For example, as shown in fig. 1, the number of the transmitting antenna arrays 20 is 4, which are respectively the c1 th transmitting antenna array 20, the c2 th transmitting antenna array 20, the c3 th transmitting antenna array 20 and the c4 th transmitting antenna array 20, a line 10A shown in fig. 1 is a central axis, and it can be seen from fig. 1 that the 4 transmitting antenna arrays 20 are symmetrically distributed about the central axis 10A.
Wherein the distance between each transmitting antenna array 20 and the central axis 10A is in a negative correlation with the incident current. For example, as shown in fig. 1, the c2 th transmitting antenna array 20 and the c3 th transmitting antenna array 20 are closer to the central axis 10A, the incident current of the 2 transmitting antenna arrays 20 is larger, the c1 th transmitting antenna array 20 and the c4 th transmitting antenna array 20 are farther from the central axis 10A, and the incident current of the 2 transmitting antenna arrays 20 is smaller.
In some embodiments, the second antenna beamforming conditions include a chebyshev distribution, a taylor distribution, and the like. In this embodiment, in order to meet the requirement of low sidelobe level, taylor synthesis or chebyshev windowing function synthesis is performed on the H-plane directional diagram of the transmitting antenna, and taylor distribution or chebyshev distribution is used as the incident current ratio of the transmitting antenna array 20. For example, as shown in fig. 1, incident current ratios i of 4 transmit antenna arrays 20c1:ic2:ic3:ic4＝0.4:1:1:0.4。
In some embodiments, referring to fig. 2, the antenna control circuit 30 includes a controller 31, a power combiner 32, and an impedance transformer, wherein the impedance transformer includes a main impedance transformer 33 and a branch impedance transformer 34.
The power combiner 32 is electrically connected to the controller 31, and the power combiner 32 can generate the total current i under the control of the controller 31General assemblyOne end of the main circuit impedance transformer 33 is electrically connected to the power combiner 32, the other end of the main circuit impedance transformer 33 is electrically connected to one end of the partial transmitting antenna array 20 and one end of the branch circuit impedance transformer 34 at the parallel node 20A, respectively, the other end of the branch circuit impedance transformer 34 is electrically connected to the other partial transmitting antenna array 20, and the total current iGeneral assemblyShunted from the parallel node 20A to each transmit antenna array 20.
The power synthesizer 32 can receive the power signal outputted by the controller 31, and the total current i is obtained after the power signal passes through the power synthesizer 32General assemblyTotal current iGeneral assemblyApproximately the sum of the incident currents of all transmit antenna arrays 20. The main impedance transformer 33 may adjust the impedance of the antenna port, and the branch impedance transformer 34 may adjust the equivalent impedance of the partial transmit antenna array 20 to adjust the incident current ratio of the transmit antenna array 20, so that the incident current of the transmit antenna array 20 satisfies the second antenna beamforming condition.
For example, as shown in fig. 2, the branch impedance transformer 34 includes a first impedance transforming unit 341 and a second impedance transforming unit 342. One end of the first impedance transformation unit 341 is electrically connected to the c1 th transmitting antenna array 20, the other end of the first impedance transformation unit 341 is connected to the parallel node 20A through the transmission line 35, one end of the second impedance transformation unit 342 is electrically connected to the c4 th transmitting antenna array 20, the other end of the second impedance transformation unit 342 is connected to the parallel node 20A through the transmission line 35, and the c2 th transmitting antenna array 20 and the c3 th transmitting antenna array 20 are directly connected to the parallel node 20A through the transmission line 35.
When the first impedance transformation unit 341 and the second impedance transformation unit 342 are not added, it is assumed that the equivalent impedances of the 4 transmit antenna arrays 20 are equal, and after the first impedance transformation unit 341 and the second impedance transformation unit 342 are added, the equivalent impedances of the c1 th transmit antenna array 20 and the c4 th transmit antenna array 20 are greater than the equivalent impedances of the c2 th transmit antenna array 20 and the c3 th transmit antenna array 20, so as to obtain the total current iGeneral assemblyWhen the allocation is performed, the c1 th emissionThe currents obtained by the antenna array 20 and the c4 th transmitting antenna array 20 are less than the currents obtained by the c2 th transmitting antenna array 20 and the c3 th transmitting antenna array 20. Therefore, by selecting the appropriate first impedance transforming unit 341 and the second impedance transforming unit 342, the incident current ratios of the 4 transmit antenna arrays 20 can be determined.
It is understood that, based on different applications and design requirements, the number of the impedance transformation units may be adaptively adjusted according to the number of the transmit antenna arrays 20, as long as the impedance transformation units can enable the incident current of the transmit antenna arrays 20 to satisfy the second antenna beamforming condition.
The total current i is output by the power synthesizer 32 according to the power signalGeneral assemblyTotal current iGeneral assemblyThe multiple transmitting antenna arrays 20 are provided, so that the system gain can be improved, and the SNR (signal to noise ratio) of the system can be improved.
The controller 31 may be any general purpose processor, Digital Signal Processor (DSP), Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC), Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA), single chip, arm (acorn RISC machine) or other programmable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination of these components. Also, the controller 31 may be any conventional processor, controller, microcontroller, or state machine. The controller 31 may also be implemented as a combination of computing devices, e.g., a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, a plurality of microprocessors, one or more microprocessors in conjunction with a DSP, and/or any other such configuration. In some embodiments, the controller 31 is a radar sensor. The radar sensor is of the model CAL77S 24-AE. As shown in fig. 2, the radar sensor provides 2 signal output ports and 4 signal receiving ports, the 2 signal output ports are denoted by TX1 and TX2, and the 4 signal receiving ports are denoted by RX1, RX2, RX3 and RX4, wherein each signal receiving port corresponds to one receiving channel 311.
In some embodiments, the power combiner 32 is a combiner or a power divider.
In some embodiments, the first impedance transforming unit 341 and the second impedance transforming unit 342 are quarter-wavelength impedance transformers.
In some embodiments, as shown in fig. 2, the microstrip antenna further comprises a plurality of receive antenna arrays 40, each receive antenna array 40 being electrically connected to a respective receive channel 311 of the antenna control circuit 30. For example, the number of the receiving antenna arrays 40 is 4, the antenna control circuit 30 is configured with 4 receiving channels, and each receiving antenna array 40 is electrically connected to 1 receiving channel.
Each receiving antenna array 40 includes two receiving antenna groups 41 connected in parallel, each receiving antenna group 41 includes a plurality of receiving array elements 411 connected in series, and in the antenna H plane, the width of the receiving array element 411 in each receiving antenna group 41 satisfies the third antenna beam forming condition.
In this embodiment, third antenna beam forming is performed on the H-plane pattern of the receiving antenna, so that the width of the receiving array element 411 in each receiving antenna group 41 satisfies the third antenna beam forming condition. For example, the number of the receiving array elements 411 in each receiving antenna group 41 is 8, and according to the third antenna beam forming condition and the design target, the width ratio of the receiving array elements 411 in the receiving antenna group 41 is determined to be 0.57: 0.66: 0.87: 1: 1: 0.87: 0.66: 0.57.
it is understood that the number of the receiving antenna arrays 40, the number of the receiving antenna groups 41, and the number of the receiving array elements 411 in each receiving antenna array 41 can be set according to actual requirements, and the number of the receiving antenna arrays 40, the number of the receiving antenna groups 41, and the number of the receiving array elements 411 in each receiving antenna array 41 can be odd number or even number.
In some embodiments, the third antenna beamforming condition includes a taylor distribution, a chebyshev distribution, or the like. In this embodiment, in order to meet the requirement of low sidelobe level, taylor synthesis or chebyshev windowing function synthesis is performed on the H-plane pattern of the receiving antenna, and the width ratio of the receiving array elements 411 in the receiving antenna group 41 is designed by taylor distribution or chebyshev distribution.
In some embodiments, as shown in fig. 2, multiple receiving array elements 411 in each receiving antenna group 41 are connected in series by using 0.1mm microstrip lines 412.
In order to obtain a suitable radar unambiguous field angle (FOV angle) to obtain a suitable radar visibility range, in some embodiments, d2 of the spacing between two adjacent receive channels 311 is 1.5 times the second wavelength, where the second wavelength is the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave in free space. It should be noted that the distance d2 is the distance between the center points of two adjacent receiving channels 311.
In some embodiments, the microstrip antenna further comprises a plurality of virtual receive antenna groups 50, each virtual receive antenna group 50 being disposed between two adjacent receive antenna arrays.
In this embodiment, the virtual receiving antenna group 50 is disposed between two adjacent receiving antenna arrays 40, so that the surface wave coupling between the receiving antennas can be blocked, and the spatial coupling between the receiving antennas can be suppressed, thereby improving the isolation between the receiving antennas, reducing the interference, and ensuring the normal operation of each receiving antenna array 40.
In order to ensure the uniformity of the operation of the receiving antenna arrays 40, in some embodiments, the virtual receiving antenna group 50 has the same or similar structure as the receiving antenna group 41.
In some embodiments, the receiving array elements 411 in each receiving antenna group 41 are comb-interleaved. In each receiving antenna group 41, any two adjacent receiving array elements 411 are equally spaced and interleaved to form a two-column comb structure. By setting the arrangement form of the receiving array element 411 to be comb-shaped, on one hand, the occupied area of the antenna can be reduced, and on the other hand, the bandwidth of the antenna can be increased.
Since the receiving array elements 411 in each receiving antenna group 41 are arranged in a comb-like staggered manner, in order to ensure that the receiving array elements 41 in each receiving antenna group 41 are distributed in an equal phase, in some embodiments, the distance d3 between two adjacent receiving array elements 411 in each receiving antenna group 41 is 0.5 times of the second wavelength, where the second wavelength is the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave in free space. It should be noted that the distance d3 is the distance between the center points of two adjacent receiving array elements 411.
Therefore, by performing the first antenna beam forming on the E-plane pattern of the transmitting antenna, the width of each transmitting array element 21 in each transmitting antenna array 20 is designed, so that the current amplitude of each transmitting array element 21 in each transmitting antenna array 20 meets the first antenna beam forming condition, and by performing the second antenna beam forming on the H-plane pattern of the transmitting antenna, the incident current of each transmitting antenna array 20 is designed, so that the incident current of each transmitting antenna array 20 meets the second antenna beam forming condition, the side lobe level can be effectively reduced, and the anti-interference capability is improved.
In addition, the power combiner 32 combines the input power signals to provide incident currents to the transmit antenna arrays 20, thereby increasing the system gain and improving the SNR of the system.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of simulation results of a transmitting antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention. As can be seen from fig. 3, the antenna gain (the gain of the transmitting antenna itself) is 18.5dB, the 3dB lobe width of the E-plane (indicated by the dotted line in fig. 3) is 17.5 °, the side lobe level is-17.3 dB, the 3dB lobe width of the H-plane (indicated by the solid line in fig. 3) is 22.5 °, and the side lobe level is-22.6 dB.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of simulation results of a transmitting antenna system according to an embodiment of the present invention. As can be seen from fig. 4, the antenna system gain (the gain actually emitted from the transmitting antenna after the power combiner 32 combines the energy of the input power signals) is 21.5dB, the 3dB lobe width on the E plane (indicated by a dotted line in fig. 4) is 17.5 °, the side lobe level is-17.3 dB, the 3dB lobe width on the H plane (indicated by a solid line in fig. 4) is 22.8 °, and the side lobe level is-22.7 dB.
Fig. 5 is an antenna receiving array factor pattern provided by an embodiment of the present invention. As can be seen from fig. 5, the angle between the two sidelobe levels of the antenna is 37 °, indicating that the visible unambiguous FOV angle is 37 °.
As another aspect of the embodiments of the present invention, an embodiment of the present invention provides a millimeter wave radar including the microstrip antenna described above.
Finally, it is to be understood that the present invention may be embodied in many different forms and is not limited to the embodiments described in the present specification, which are provided as additional limitations to the present disclosure, and which are provided for the purpose of providing a more thorough understanding of the present disclosure. In the light of the above, the above features are combined with each other and many other variations of the different aspects of the invention described above are considered to be within the scope of the present description; further, modifications and variations will occur to those skilled in the art in light of the foregoing description, and it is intended to cover all such modifications and variations as fall within the true spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.

Claims (12)

1. A microstrip antenna, comprising:
a dielectric substrate;
the antenna comprises a dielectric substrate, a plurality of transmitting antenna arrays, a plurality of antenna array units and a plurality of antenna array units, wherein the dielectric substrate is provided with a plurality of dielectric layers; on the surface H of the antenna, the incident current of each transmitting antenna array meets a second antenna beam forming condition;
and the antenna control circuit is arranged on the dielectric substrate, is electrically connected with the transmitting antenna arrays and is used for controlling the working state of each transmitting antenna array.
2. A microstrip antenna according to claim 1 wherein in each of the transmit antenna arrays the width of the transmit elements decreases from the centre of the array towards the ends.
3. The microstrip antenna of claim 2 wherein the ratio of the widths of the transmit elements in each transmit array is equal to the ratio of the amplitudes of the currents.
4. The microstrip antenna of claim 1 wherein the transmit antenna arrays are symmetrically distributed about a central axis, wherein the distance of each transmit antenna array from the central axis is inversely related to its incident current.
5. The microstrip antenna of claim 1, wherein the antenna control circuit comprises:
a controller;
the power synthesizer is electrically connected with the controller and is used for generating total current under the control of the controller;
the impedance converter comprises a main circuit impedance converter and a branch circuit impedance converter, one end of the main circuit impedance converter is connected with the power combiner, the other end of the main circuit impedance converter is electrically connected with one end of a part of transmitting antenna arrays and one end of the branch circuit impedance converter at a parallel node respectively, the other end of the branch circuit impedance converter is electrically connected with the other part of transmitting antenna arrays, and the total current is shunted to each transmitting antenna array from the parallel node.
6. The microstrip antenna of claim 1, wherein the spacing between any two adjacent transmitting elements in each of the transmitting antenna arrays is a first wavelength, and wherein the first wavelength is a dielectric wavelength of the dielectric substrate.
7. The microstrip antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 6, further comprising a plurality of receiving antenna arrays, each of which is electrically connected to a corresponding receiving channel of the antenna control circuit, wherein each of the receiving antenna arrays comprises two receiving antenna groups connected in parallel, each of the receiving antenna groups comprises a plurality of receiving array elements connected in series, and in an antenna H plane, a width of the receiving array element in each of the receiving antenna groups satisfies a third antenna beam forming condition.
8. The microstrip antenna of claim 7, wherein the spacing between two adjacent receiving channels is 1.5 times the second wavelength, wherein the second wavelength is the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave in free space.
9. The microstrip antenna of claim 7, further comprising a plurality of virtual receive antenna groups, each of the virtual receive antenna groups being disposed between two adjacent receive antenna arrays.
10. The microstrip antenna of claim 7 wherein the receive elements of each of the receive antenna groups are comb-interleaved.
11. The microstrip antenna of claim 10 wherein the spacing between two adjacent receiving elements in each of the receiving antenna groups is 0.5 times the second wavelength, wherein the second wavelength is the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave in free space.
12. A millimeter wave radar comprising a microstrip antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 11.
CN202110956373.6A 2021-08-19 2021-08-19 Microstrip antenna and millimeter wave radar Pending CN113644437A (en)

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN114204282A (en) * 2021-12-07 2022-03-18 中国电子科技集团公司第十四研究所 Large-scale array antenna based on virtual array
CN114665272A (en) * 2022-02-28 2022-06-24 福瑞泰克智能系统有限公司 Microstrip antenna, sensing equipment and parameter determination method of microstrip antenna

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN114204282A (en) * 2021-12-07 2022-03-18 中国电子科技集团公司第十四研究所 Large-scale array antenna based on virtual array
CN114204282B (en) * 2021-12-07 2024-02-06 中国电子科技集团公司第十四研究所 Large-scale array antenna based on virtual array
CN114665272A (en) * 2022-02-28 2022-06-24 福瑞泰克智能系统有限公司 Microstrip antenna, sensing equipment and parameter determination method of microstrip antenna
CN114665272B (en) * 2022-02-28 2023-12-01 福瑞泰克智能系统有限公司 Microstrip antenna, sensing equipment and parameter determining method of microstrip antenna

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