CN113639561B

CN113639561B - Vortex nozzle and smelting furnace

Info

Publication number: CN113639561B
Application number: CN202110866779.5A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 陆金忠; 董越; 李海春; 李晓霞; 刘恺; 黎敏; 张海鑫; 吴玲; 潘璐
Original assignee: China ENFI Engineering Corp
Current assignee: China ENFI Engineering Corp
Priority date: 2021-07-29
Filing date: 2021-07-29
Publication date: 2022-10-14
Anticipated expiration: 2041-07-29
Also published as: CN113639561A

Abstract

The invention discloses a vortex nozzle and a smelting furnace, wherein the vortex nozzle comprises a first pipe, a second pipe and a guide part, the first pipe is suitable for introducing combustion-supporting gas, the second pipe is sleeved on the outer peripheral side of the first pipe, a material channel is formed between the first pipe and the second pipe, the guide part is arranged in the first pipe, a gas channel for the combustion-supporting gas to pass through is formed between the guide part and the first pipe, the guide part comprises a flow guide section, the flow guide section is matched at the outlet position of the gas channel, the cross sectional area of the flow guide section is gradually increased along the direction from the inlet of the gas channel to the outlet of the gas channel, and the position of the guide part along the extension direction of the first pipe is adjustable so as to realize the adjustment of the outlet size of the gas channel. The vortex nozzle has the advantages of simple structure, convenience in operation, easiness in maintenance and the like.

Description

Vortex nozzle and smelting furnace

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of metal smelting, in particular to a vortex nozzle and a smelting furnace.

Background

The nozzle is the technical core of modern flash furnaces and suspension smelting furnaces, and can be applied to the suspension smelting furnaces for smelting various metals such as copper, nickel, lead, zinc, iron, solid waste disposal and the like. The metal smelting is carried out by forcibly blowing off the materials through the nozzle, so that the materials are fully contacted with the oxygen-enriched air.

In the related technology, under the condition that the feeding amount is continuously increased, the nozzle has the problems of uneven mixing of the process air and the concentrate, insufficient smelting reaction, incapability of controlling the range of the air speed within a reasonable range, limited adaptation space and the like.

Disclosure of Invention

The present invention is directed to solving, at least to some extent, one of the technical problems in the related art.

Therefore, the embodiment of the invention provides the swirl nozzle which is simple in structure, good in regulation and control performance and high in combustion efficiency.

The embodiment of the invention provides a smelting furnace with high combustion efficiency and long service life.

A vortex nozzle according to an embodiment of the present invention includes: the first pipe is suitable for introducing combustion-supporting gas; a second pipe sleeved on an outer peripheral side of the first pipe, a material passage being formed between the first pipe and the second pipe; the guide piece is arranged in the first pipe, a gas channel for the combustion-supporting gas to pass through is formed between the guide piece and the first pipe, the guide piece comprises a flow guide section, the flow guide section is matched at the outlet position of the gas channel, the cross section area of the flow guide section is gradually increased along the direction from the inlet of the gas channel to the outlet of the gas channel, and the position of the guide piece along the extending direction of the first pipe is adjustable so as to realize the adjustment of the outlet size of the gas channel.

According to the vortex nozzle provided by the embodiment of the invention, the size of the outlet of the gas channel can be adjusted through the arrangement of the guide piece, so that the wind speed is controlled within a reasonable range, the fuel gas can roll up the material, and the material can be sufficiently combusted.

In some embodiments, the guide member is provided with a guide groove and/or a guide plate, and the guide groove and/or the guide plate is provided on the outer circumferential wall of the guide member and extends spirally along the extending direction of the guide member.

In some embodiments, a plane perpendicular to an axial direction of the guide member is defined as a first plane, a central axis of the guide member intersects with the first plane at a point a, a projection of the guiding gutter on the first plane has a first end and a second end, the first end of the projection of the guiding gutter forms a first connection line with a connection line of the point a, the second end of the projection of the guiding gutter forms a second connection line with the connection line of the point a, the first connection line and the second connection line form an included angle α, the included angle α is 10 ° to 45 °, the projection of the guiding gutter on the first plane has a first end and a second end, the first end of the projection of the guiding gutter and the connection line of the point a form a first connection line, the second end of the projection of the guiding gutter and the connection line of the point a form a second connection line, the first connection line and the second connection line form an included angle β, and the included angle β is 10 ° to 45 °.

In some embodiments, the free end of the flow guide section is provided with an annular guide groove adapted to be adapted to an upper return flow formed by the combustion-supporting gas flowing out of the gas passage.

In some embodiments, the annular channel has an inner circumferential profile and an outer circumferential profile, the outer and inner circumferential profiles being spaced apart in a direction from the inlet of the gas passage to the outlet of the gas passage.

In some embodiments, a fuel passage is provided in the guide for passing fuel and an ignition device is provided for igniting the fuel sprayed from the fuel passage.

In some embodiments, the cross-sectional area of the second tube is tapered in a direction from the inlet of the gas channel to the outlet of the gas channel.

In some embodiments, the first tube has a first inlet and a second inlet, the first inlet and the second inlet being arranged centrally symmetrically.

In some embodiments, the vortex nozzle further comprises a feed tube having a feed inlet and a plurality of discharge outlets, each of the plurality of discharge outlets communicating with the material passageway and spaced circumferentially around the first tube.

The utility model provides a smelting furnace, includes furnace body and vortex nozzle, vortex nozzle establishes on the furnace body, vortex nozzle be used for to furnace body feeding material and combustion-supporting gas, vortex nozzle be any one of above-mentioned embodiment vortex nozzle.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a vortex nozzle according to a first embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a top view of fig. 1.

FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a vortex nozzle in accordance with a second embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 4 is a top view of fig. 3.

FIG. 5 is a schematic view showing the structure and operation of the vortex nozzle of the first embodiment of the present invention installed in a furnace body.

FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the structure and operation principle of the vortex nozzle of the second embodiment of the present invention installed on the furnace body.

FIG. 7 is a schematic view of the guide generatrix distribution of a swozzle in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view of a inducer portion of a swozzle according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Reference numerals are as follows:

a swirl nozzle 100;

a first tube 1; a first inlet 11; a second inlet 12; a second tube 2; a guide 3; a flow guide section 31; a positioning piece 32; a baffle 33; a diversion trench 34; a guide bus 35; a first plane 4; a first connection line 41; a second connecting line 42; an annular guide groove 5; an inner peripheral contour 51; a peripheral contour 52; an ignition device 6; a blanking pipe 7; a furnace body 101.

Detailed Description

Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments of the present invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are illustrative and intended to explain the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

A vortex nozzle in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention is described below with reference to fig. 1-8.

As shown in fig. 1 to 8, the vortex nozzle according to the embodiment of the present invention includes a first pipe 1, a second pipe 2, and a guide 3.

The first pipe 1 is adapted to be fed with combustion-supporting gas. Specifically, oxygen-enriched air or pure oxygen can be introduced into the first pipe 1, and the upper end of the first pipe 1 is connected with an external combustion-supporting gas pipeline through a flange.

The second pipe 2 is sleeved on the periphery of the first pipe 1, and a material channel is formed between the first pipe 1 and the second pipe 2. Specifically, as shown in fig. 1 or fig. 3, the second pipe 2 is inserted into the first pipe 1, and the inner circumferential surface of the first pipe 1 and the outer circumferential surface of the second pipe 2 are spaced apart, and the first pipe 1 and the second pipe 2 define a material passage, so that the material enters the material passage through the first pipe 1.

The guide 3 is arranged in the first pipe 1, a gas channel for combustion-supporting gas to pass through is formed between the guide 3 and the first pipe 1, the guide 3 comprises a flow guide section 31, the flow guide section 31 is matched at the outlet position of the gas channel, the cross section area of the flow guide section 31 is gradually increased along the direction from the inlet of the gas channel to the outlet of the gas channel, and the position of the guide 3 along the extending direction (the vertical direction shown in fig. 1) of the first pipe 1 is adjustable so as to realize the adjustment of the outlet size of the gas channel.

Specifically, as shown in fig. 1 or 3, the guide member 3 includes a flow guide section 31 and a flow guide rod, the flow guide section 31 is disposed at a lower end of the flow guide rod, a cross-sectional area of the flow guide section 31 increases from top to bottom, upper and lower ends of the guide member 3 penetrate through the first pipe 1, an air outlet is defined between the flow guide section 31 and the first pipe 1, and the guide member 3 can move up and down, so that the flow guide section 31 is driven to be away from a lower end of the first pipe 1 or be close to the lower end of the first pipe 1, and the size of the air outlet is adjusted.

The inventor discovers through research that: when the speed of the combustion-supporting gas is too high, the material at the outlet of the second pipe 2 is not dispersed in time and is brought to the bottom of the furnace or forms turbulent flow; when the wind speed is too low, the gas flow is unstable, and the material dispersion is not good.

According to the vortex nozzle 100 of the embodiment of the present invention, the guide section 31 is fitted at the outlet position of the gas passage, and the cross-sectional area of the guide section 31 is gradually increased in the direction from the inlet of the gas passage to the outlet of the gas passage. Therefore, the combustion-supporting gas is expanded outwards along the axial direction of the first pipe 1 from the outlet along the lower end of the first pipe 1, and an inner-winding vortex and an outer-winding vortex are formed in the plane where the axial direction is located, so that the material at the outlet of the second pipe 2 is involved by the combustion-supporting gas, a gas-solid mixed fluid which rotates at a high speed and diffuses outwards is formed, the combustion-supporting gas and the material are fully mixed, and the material is guaranteed to be uniformly distributed in a mixed material channel.

According to the vortex nozzle 100 provided by the embodiment of the invention, the position of the guide part 3 along the extension direction of the first pipe 1 is adjustable to realize the adjustment of the size of the outlet of the gas channel, so that the flow velocity of the gas flow is adjusted by adjusting the size of the outlet of the gas flow channel, the material and the combustion-supporting gas are fully mixed, the collision probability among solid particles is increased, the aggregation, the growth and the sedimentation of reaction product particles are facilitated, and the smoke dust amount is reduced.

In some embodiments, the guide member 3 is provided with a guide groove 34 and/or a guide plate 33, and the guide groove 34 and/or the guide plate 33 is provided on the outer circumferential wall of the guide member 3 and extends spirally along the extending direction (the up-down direction shown in fig. 1) of the guide member 3. Specifically, the arrangement of the guide 3 can be selected according to the actual situation, for example: as shown in fig. 1-2, a plurality of guide grooves 34 are provided on the outer peripheral side of the guide 3, the plurality of guide grooves 34 are provided at intervals along the outer peripheral surface of the guide 3, and the plurality of guide grooves 34 extend spirally from top to bottom. Or as shown in fig. 3 to 4, a plurality of baffles 33 are provided on the outer peripheral side of the guide 3, the plurality of baffles 33 are provided at intervals along the outer peripheral surface of the guide 3, and the plurality of baffles 33 extend spirally from top to bottom. Therefore, the combustion-supporting gas in the first pipe 1 forms a spiral vortex in the first pipe 1, so that the material at the outlet at the lower end of the second pipe 2 is conveniently involved by the combustion-supporting gas, and the combustion-supporting gas and the material enter the smelting furnace in a spatial multi-dimensional vortex motion mode under the combined action of axial diffusion rollback (including inward coiling and outward coiling) and the spiral vortex.

The inventor finds out in research that: in a smelting furnace, when the mixed fluid (combustion-supporting gas and material) is heated to the temperature required for reaction (namely the ignition point of the material), the material particles and the combustion-supporting gas have violent chemical reaction. Because the solid particles and the combustion-supporting gas simultaneously perform multidimensional vortex motion, the contact time of the solid particles and the combustion-supporting gas is prolonged, and the collision probability between reactant particles is increased, so that the full reaction, the improvement of the utilization rate of the combustion-supporting gas, the full aggregation and growth of product particles and the reduction of the smoke dust rate are facilitated, in addition, the chemical reaction of materials is performed in a vortex area, the required reaction space is small, the refractory material of the furnace body 101 is slightly washed, and the service life of the furnace body 101 is prolonged.

In some embodiments, the flow guide 34 extends from the top of the guide 3 to the bottom of the guide 3, and/or the flow guide 33 extends from the top of the guide 3 to the bottom of the guide 3. Thereby, it is further ensured that the oxidant gas can form a spiral swirl in the first pipe 1.

In some embodiments, a plane perpendicular to the axial direction of the guide member 3 is defined as a first plane 4, the central axis of the guide member 3 intersects the first plane 4 at a point a, the projection of the guide groove 34 on the guide groove 34 of the first plane 4 has a first end and a second end, the line connecting the first end of the projection of the guide groove 34 and the point a forms a first line 41, the second end of the projection of the guide groove 34 and the point a forms a second line 42, and the first line 41 and the second line 42 form an included angle α, which is 10 ° to 45 °.

Specifically, as shown in fig. 7, in the first plane 4, a connection line between the point a and the first end of the projection of the guiding gutter busbar 35 is a first connection line 41, a connection line between the point a and the second end of the projection of the guiding gutter busbar 35 is a second connection line 42, and an included angle α between the first connection line 41 and the second connection line 42 is 10 ° to 45 °, if the included angle α is less than 10 °, the combustion-supporting gas in the first pipe 1 forms an insignificant spiral vortex, and if the included angle α is greater than 45 °, the vortex forming effect is not significantly improved.

In some embodiments, the projection of the baffle 33 onto the first plane 4 has a first end and a second end, the line connecting the first end of the projection of the baffle 33 and the point a forms a first line 41, the line connecting the second end of the projection of the baffle 33 and the point a forms a second line 42, and the first line 41 and the second line 42 form an angle β, where the angle β is between 10 ° and 45 °.

Specifically, as shown in fig. 7, in the first plane 4, a connection line between the point a and the first end of the projection of the guide plate 33 is a first connection line 41, a connection line between the point a and the second end of the projection of the guide plate 33 is a second connection line 42, and an included angle α between the first connection line 41 and the second connection line 42 is 10 ° to 45 °, if the included angle α is smaller than 10 °, the combustion-supporting gas in the first pipe 1 is not obviously formed into a spiral vortex, and if the included angle α is larger than 45 °, the effect of forming the vortex is not obviously improved.

In some embodiments, the tangent to the end of the flow guide section 31 in the plane of the centre line of the guide 3 makes an angle γ of 10 ° to 45 ° with the centre line of the guide 3. Specifically, as shown in fig. 8, a plane defined by a center line of the guide member 3 is a second plane, projections of the flow guide section 31 on the second plane are an arc section and a vertical section, and an included angle γ formed by a tangent line at the end of the arc section and the center line is 10 ° to 45 °, so that the flow guide section 31 is more reasonably arranged.

In some embodiments, the swirl nozzle 100 further includes a plurality of positioning pieces 32, the plurality of positioning pieces 32 are spaced on the guide 3 along the outer periphery of the guide 3, the inner peripheral surfaces of the first pipes 1 on the outer peripheral surfaces of the positioning pieces 32 are spaced, and the inner peripheral surfaces of the first pipes 1 on the outer peripheral surfaces of the positioning pieces 32 are spaced by 20mm, so that the guide 3 is fixed in the first pipes 1, and the guide 3 is prevented from being deviated due to excessive air volume of combustion-supporting gas and the like.

In some embodiments, the free end of the flow guide section 31 is provided with an annular guide groove 5, the annular guide groove 5 being adapted to fit an upper return flow formed by the combustion-supporting gas flowing out of the gas passage. Specifically, as shown in fig. 8, the lower end of the flow guiding section 31 is provided with an annular guiding groove 5, and the annular guiding groove 5 can facilitate the combustion-supporting gas flowing out from the gas channel to form a radially inward and upward convolution region, so that the convolution region of the mixed gas of the combustion-supporting gas and the material is full, and the material and the combustion-supporting gas are prevented from forming a dead region below the swirl nozzle 100.

In some embodiments, the annular channel 5 has an inner circumferential profile 51 and an outer circumferential profile 52, the outer and inner

circumferential profiles

52, 51 being spaced apart in a direction from the inlet of the gas passage to the outlet of the gas passage. Specifically, as shown in fig. 8, the inner peripheral profile 51 is higher than the outer peripheral profile 52, thereby making the arrangement of the annular guide groove 5 more reasonable.

In some embodiments, a fuel passage (not shown) is provided in the guide 3 for introducing fuel, and an ignition device 6 is provided for igniting the fuel injected from the fuel passage. Specifically, as shown in fig. 1 or 3, a through hole penetrating through the guide 3 in the up-down direction is formed in the guide 3, a third pipe (not shown in the figure) is formed in the through hole, the ignition device 6 is arranged in the third pipe, the outer circumferential surface of the ignition device 6 and the inner circumferential surface of the third pipe are arranged at intervals to form a fuel channel, the lower end of the ignition device 6 is an ignition end, the ignition end extends out of the through hole to ignite fuel, and the material is ignited by the fuel.

In some embodiments, the cross-sectional area of the second tube 2 becomes gradually smaller in a direction from the inlet of the gas passage to the outlet of the gas passage. Specifically, as shown in fig. 1 or fig. 3, the cross-sectional area of the upper section of the second pipe 2 is reduced from top to bottom in sequence, and the cross-sectional area of the lower section of the second pipe 2 is not changed, so that the second pipe 2 is of a funnel structure, the material can fall stably, and the funnel structure can store a certain material, and when the material source head cannot stably supply the material, the stability of the material amount sprayed into the furnace body 101 can be ensured to a certain extent.

In some embodiments, the first pipe 1 has a first inlet 11 and a second inlet 12, the first inlet 11 and the second inlet 12 being arranged centrally symmetrically. Specifically, as shown in fig. 2 or 4, the upper end of the first pipe 1 is provided with a first inlet 11 and a second inlet 12, the first inlet 11 being provided on the left side, and the second inlet 12 being provided on the right side. From this for in the first pipe 1 of entering that makes combustion-supporting gas can be even, prevent that combustion-supporting gas left side or right side in the first pipe 1 are inhomogeneous, guaranteed that combustion-supporting gas forms even swirl.

In some embodiments, the swirl nozzle 100 further comprises a feed pipe 7, the feed pipe 7 having a feed port and a plurality of discharge ports (not shown), each of which is in communication with the material passage and is arranged at intervals along the circumference of the first pipe 1. Specifically, the fluidization dispenser (not shown in the figure) is installed to the feed inlet of unloading pipe 7, and a plurality of discharge gates and second pipe 2 intercommunication from this for in the even second pipe 2 of throwing into of material, prevent that certain side of material from concentrating in second pipe 2, guaranteed combustion-supporting gas and material homogeneous mixing.

In some embodiments, the lower end surface of the second tube 2, the lower end surface of the first tube 1, the lower end surface of the guide member 3, the lower end surface of the third tube, and the lower end surface of the ignition device 6 are sequentially spaced in the up-down direction, in other words, the discharge port of the second tube 2 is higher than the gas outlet of the first tube 1, the gas outlet of the first tube 1 is higher than the flow guide section 31 of the guide member 3, the flow guide section 31 of the guide member 3 is higher than the gas outlet of the third tube, and the gas outlet of the third tube is higher than the ignition end of the ignition device 6. Thus, the swozzle 100 is easy to disassemble, repair, and position.

As shown in fig. 5 to 6, the smelting furnace according to the embodiment of the present invention includes a furnace body 101 and a vortex nozzle 100, the vortex nozzle 100 is provided on the furnace body 101, the vortex nozzle 100 is used for supplying the material and the oxidant gas to the furnace body 101, and the vortex nozzle 100 is the vortex nozzle 100 of the above-mentioned embodiment. Specifically, as shown in FIG. 3, the second pipe 2 of the swirling nozzle 100 is installed on the roof of the smelting furnace body 101.

The smelting furnace provided by the embodiment of the invention has the advantages of simple structure, convenience in operation, easiness in maintenance, strong reliability, energy conservation, consumption reduction, low operation cost and the like.

In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "central," "longitudinal," "lateral," "length," "width," "thickness," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "clockwise," "counterclockwise," "axial," "radial," "circumferential," and the like are used in the orientations and positional relationships indicated in the drawings for convenience in describing the invention and to simplify the description, but are not intended to indicate or imply that the device or element so referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed in a particular orientation, and be operated in a particular manner, and are not to be construed as limiting the invention.

Furthermore, the terms "first", "second" and "first" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one such feature. In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means at least two, e.g., two, three, etc., unless specifically limited otherwise.

In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly stated or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," "secured," and the like are to be construed broadly and can, for example, be fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally formed; may be mechanically coupled, may be electrically coupled or may be in communication with each other; they may be directly connected or indirectly connected through intervening media, or they may be connected internally or in any other suitable relationship, unless expressly stated otherwise. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those skilled in the art according to specific situations.

In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly stated or limited, the first feature "on" or "under" the second feature may be directly contacting the first and second features or indirectly contacting the first and second features through an intermediate. Also, a first feature "on," "over," and "above" a second feature may be directly or diagonally above the second feature, or may simply indicate that the first feature is at a higher level than the second feature. A first feature being "under," "below," and "beneath" a second feature may be directly under or obliquely under the first feature, or may simply mean that the first feature is at a lesser elevation than the second feature.

In the present disclosure, the terms "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "an example," "a specific example," or "some examples" and the like mean that a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the present disclosure. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above are not necessarily intended to refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples. Furthermore, various embodiments or examples and features of different embodiments or examples described in this specification can be combined and combined by one skilled in the art without contradiction.

Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it is understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the present invention, and that variations, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to the above embodiments by those of ordinary skill in the art within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A vortex nozzle, comprising:

the first pipe is suitable for introducing combustion-supporting gas;

a second pipe sleeved on an outer peripheral side of the first pipe, a material passage being formed between the first pipe and the second pipe;

the guide piece is arranged in the first pipe, a gas channel for the combustion-supporting gas to pass through is formed between the guide piece and the first pipe, the guide piece comprises a flow guide section, the flow guide section is matched at the position of an outlet of the gas channel, the cross section area of the flow guide section is gradually increased along the direction from the inlet of the gas channel to the outlet of the gas channel, the position of the guide piece along the extending direction of the first pipe can be adjusted to achieve the adjustment of the size of the outlet of the gas channel, an annular guide groove is arranged at the free end of the flow guide section and is suitable for being matched with the upper return gas flow formed by the combustion-supporting gas flowing out of the gas channel, the annular guide groove is provided with an inner peripheral outline and an outer peripheral outline, and the outer peripheral outline and the inner peripheral outline are arranged at intervals along the direction from the inlet of the gas channel to the outlet of the gas channel.

2. Swirl nozzle according to claim 1, characterised in that the guide element is provided with flow channels and/or flow deflectors which are arranged on the outer circumferential wall of the guide element and which extend helically in the direction of extension of the guide element.

3. The swirl nozzle of claim 2 wherein a plane perpendicular to the axial direction of the guide is defined as a first plane, the central axis of the guide intersects the first plane at a point a, the gutter projection on the first plane has a first end and a second end, the line connecting the first end of the gutter projection and the point a forms a first line, the line connecting the second end of the gutter projection and the point a forms a second line, the first line and the second line form an angle a, the angle a is 10 ° to 45 °, the baffle projection on the first plane has a first end and a second end, the line connecting the first end of the baffle projection and the point a forms a first line, the line connecting the second end of the baffle projection and the point a forms a second line, the first line and the second line form an angle β, the angle β is 10 ° to 45 °.

4. The swirl nozzle of claim 1 wherein a fuel passage is provided in the guide for the passage of fuel and an ignition device is provided for igniting the fuel sprayed from the fuel passage.

5. The vortex nozzle according to claim 1 wherein the cross-sectional area of the second tube tapers in a direction from the inlet of the gas passageway to the outlet of the gas passageway.

6. The vortex nozzle according to claim 1, wherein the first tube has a first inlet and a second inlet, the first inlet and the second inlet being arranged centrally symmetrically.

7. The vortex nozzle according to any one of claims 1 to 6 further comprising a feed tube having a feed inlet and a plurality of discharge outlets, each of the plurality of discharge outlets communicating with the material passageway and spaced circumferentially about the first tube.

8. A smelting furnace is characterized by comprising a furnace body and a vortex nozzle, wherein the vortex nozzle is arranged on the furnace body and used for supplying materials and combustion-supporting gas to the furnace body, and the vortex nozzle is according to any one of claims 1-7.