CN113639184A

CN113639184A - Based on LNG cold energy utilizationLNG-CO of ship2Storage system

Info

Publication number: CN113639184A
Application number: CN202110752618.3A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 黄朝俊; 徐立新; 刘建成; 张修占; 李磊; 何力; 易志金
Original assignee: China Merchants Deep Sea Equipment Research Institute Sanya Co ltd; China Merchants Marine Equipment Research Institute Co ltd
Current assignee: China Merchants Deep Sea Equipment Research Institute Sanya Co ltd; China Merchants Marine Equipment Research Institute Co ltd
Priority date: 2021-07-02
Filing date: 2021-07-02
Publication date: 2021-11-12

Abstract

The invention provides a ship LNG-CO based on LNG cold energy utilization₂Storage system comprising at least two LNG-CO₂Storage tank, heat exchanger, LNG combustion application device, cold and heat management device, carbon capture device and gas compressor, at least two LNG-CO₂One of the storage tanks is a reserved empty tank, one side of the heat exchanger is provided with a liquid LNG inlet and a liquid carbon dioxide outlet, the other side of the heat exchanger is provided with a liquid LNG outlet and a gaseous carbon dioxide inlet, and all LNG-CO are stored in the tank₂The shared tank body is connected with a liquid carbon dioxide outlet of the heat exchanger through a pipeline with a valve, and meanwhile, the pipeline is additionally connected with a liquid LNG inlet of the heat exchanger through a valve opening. The invention relates to marine LNG-CO₂The storage system simultaneously adopts LNG fuel and carbon capture technology, and can meet and greatly exceed the long-term emission reduction requirement of the International Maritime Organization (IMO); in the quantity of the shared tank bodies for the original demand of the LNG fuel, the economy can be further improved by only adding one shared tank body.

Description

Ship LNG-CO based on LNG cold energy utilization2Storage system

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of ships, and particularly relates to a ship LNG-CO based on LNG cold energy utilization₂And (4) a storage system.

Background

With the demand of the International Maritime Organization (IMO) for the emission of sulfides from ships, more and more shipowners are shooting their eyes on LNG-powered ships. At present, the adoption of LNG as fuel is actively promoted in China, and the dependence degree on fuel is reduced, such as a nationwide LNG filling station in a full-force layout of middle-sea oil, a gasified Yangtze river promoted by provinces and cities in the Yangtze river basin, and the like. In the next 10 years, LNG related ships will be the main power means for newly built large and medium sized ships.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the technical problem, the invention provides a ship LNG-CO based on LNG cold energy utilization₂The storage system simultaneously adopts LNG fuel and carbon capture technology, and can meet and greatly exceed the long-term emission reduction requirement of the International Maritime Organization (IMO); only one shared tank body needs to be added to the number of the LNG fuel tanks in original requirements, and therefore economy is further improved.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:

ship LNG-CO based on LNG cold energy utilization₂Storage system comprising at least two LNG-CO₂Storage tank, heat exchanger, LNG combustion application device, cold and heat management device, carbon capture device and gas compressor, at least two LNG-CO₂One of the storage tanks is a reserved empty tank; in at least two of said all LNG-CO₂LNG/N is arranged on the storage tanks of the common tank body₂/ CO₂An inlet and a liquid LNG outlet, the LNG/N₂/ CO₂The inlet is connected with an LNG source and an N2 storage tank through a filling pipeline, the liquid LNG outlet is in convertible connection with the liquid LNG inlet and the liquid carbon dioxide outlet of the heat exchanger through a liquid LNG output pipeline, the filling pipeline is communicated with the liquid LNG output pipeline through a branch pipeline, the branch pipeline and the liquid LNG output pipeline are both provided with a one-way valve, the one-way valve on the liquid LNG output pipeline is arranged at the front part of the part communicated with the branch pipeline and is connected with the liquid carbon dioxide outlet of the heat exchanger through a pipeline with a valve, meanwhile, the pipeline is additionally provided with a valve port to be connected with the liquid LNG inlet of the heat exchanger, and the liquid LNG outlet of the heat exchanger is connected with the gaseous LNG inlet of the combustion application device through a liquid LNG conveying pipeline; a part of the heat exchange medium pipe of the cooling and heating management deviceA heat exchange arrangement with a liquid LNG transfer conduit between the heat exchanger and the combustion application, a portion of which is in heat exchange arrangement with a thermal medium conduit of the combustion application, and a portion of which is in heat exchange arrangement with a gaseous carbon dioxide conduit of the carbon capture unit; the utility model discloses a carbon dioxide combustion device, including combustion application device, carbon capture device, pipeline, the last oxygen import that is equipped with of combustion application device, be equipped with the tail gas import on carbon capture device, decarbonization tail gas export and carbon dioxide export, the tail gas export of combustion application device passes through tail gas pipeline and carbon capture device's tail gas access connection, the decarbonization tail gas export passes through pipeline and atmosphere intercommunication, the carbon dioxide export passes through carbon dioxide pipeline and gas compressor's gaseous carbon dioxide access connection, gas compressor's gaseous carbon dioxide export passes through carbon dioxide pipeline and heat exchanger's gaseous carbon dioxide access connection, heat exchanger's liquid carbon dioxide export passes through carbon dioxide pipeline and the carbon dioxide access connection of reserving the empty can.

Furthermore, two one-way valves are sequentially arranged on the filling pipeline at intervals.

Further, the LNG-CO₂The tank body of the storage tank comprises an inner container and an outer container, a cavity between the inner container and the outer container is filled with gas, a pipeline for connecting the cavity with the outside is arranged on the outer container, and a safety valve is arranged on the pipeline.

Furthermore, a pipeline for connecting the inner container and the outside is arranged on the inner container, and a variable pressure safety valve is arranged on the pipeline.

Furthermore, an evaporation gas treatment system is arranged on the pipeline behind the variable pressure safety valve.

Furthermore, a plurality of supporting structures are arranged in the cavity between the inner container and the outer container.

Further, the inner container is provided with a device for monitoring LNG-CO₂A sensor system for measuring the volume, temperature and pressure of the liquid in the storage tank.

Furthermore, the check valve is an intelligent check valve capable of being remotely controlled.

Further, in the LNG-CO₂The outer wall of the lower part of the storage tank is symmetrically provided with heat insulation supports.

LNG power boatBut basically has no sulfide pollution problem, but the emission of greenhouse gases is reduced by about 25 percent compared with that of a fuel oil power ship, and the (CH) is₄Is itself a greenhouse gas, therefore, the marine LNG-CO of the present invention₂The carbon capture device is arranged in the storage system, the temperature of the combusted tail gas is reduced by the cold and heat management system when the carbon capture is carried out, then the tail gas is pressurized and liquefied, and finally the carbon dioxide is further liquefied by the heat exchanger by utilizing LNG cold energy; according to CH₄And CO₂The same molecular weight of natural gas will produce the same molecular weight of CO₂Carbon dioxide has a molecular weight (44) much greater than CH₄(16) That is, the quality of the captured carbon dioxide is larger than that of the natural gas as fuel, if no special treatment mode is adopted, the same volume of CO is added on the basis of the original LNG fuel tank on the ship₂And (7) a tank. In addition to fuel deadweight and captured CO₂In addition to the dead weight of the fuel tank, the tank capacity occupied by the redundant fuel tank and the dead weight greatly increase the cost of ocean transportation, and at least two LNG-CO tanks are arranged for the invention₂One of the storage tanks is a reserved empty tank, and the exhausted tail gas passes through a tail gas pipeline and then is subjected to carbon capture to extract carbon dioxide and exhaust water vapor; the obtained carbon dioxide is pressurized by a gas compressor and then sent to a heat exchanger for cooling to form liquid carbon dioxide, and the liquid carbon dioxide is sent to a reserved empty tank for storage; when one LNG-CO₂When the liquid LNG in the storage tank is about to be used, nitrogen gas is filled into the storage tank to completely discharge the LNG in the storage tank, and if another storage tank storing the liquid LNG exists, the storage tank is opened to ensure the demand of the liquid LNG; when the liquid LNG in the first storage tank is completely discharged and the reserved empty tank is filled with carbon dioxide, closing a pipeline valve on a pipeline between the reserved empty tank and the heat exchanger, switching the pipeline between the storage tank and the heat exchanger, from which the liquid LNG is completely discharged, to a liquid carbon dioxide outlet of the heat exchanger from the liquid LNG inlet of the heat exchanger, and starting to store the carbon dioxide into the storage tank.

Ship LNG-CO of the invention₂The storage system adopts LNG fuel and carbon capture technology simultaneously, and canCan meet and greatly exceed the long-term emission reduction requirement of International Maritime Organization (IMO), and the pressurized CO can be obtained by fully utilizing the cold energy of LNG through reasonably arranging a heat exchange device₂Cooling to liquid state for storage and transportation; preheating gaseous CH with simultaneous utilization of cold and heat management for combustion applications₄And energy efficiency is improved while energy consumption is reduced. The efficiency of energy is improved, so that the economy is improved, and the wide application of carbon capture can be further promoted. By LNG-CO₂The storage mode of the shared tank body can reduce the impact of the storage end of the carbon capture system on the space utilization rate, the bearing capacity and the energy consumption efficiency of the whole ship system to the maximum extent, and only one shared tank body needs to be added to the number of the tank bodies with the original requirements on LNG fuel, so that the economy is further improved. Modular design of LNG-CO using standard container size (40 feet long)₂The tank bodies are shared, so that the tank changing operation can be directly carried out at a port, and LNG-CO at the port is reduced₂The filling and transferring device of (1). Can be directly hauled away or transported to standard LNG-CO by using a standard truck₂The tank bodies are shared, so that the applicable port range of the system is expanded.

Drawings

FIG. 1 illustrates a marine LNG-CO at initial start-up of combustion in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention₂A storage system;

FIG. 2 shows a first LNG-CO embodiment of the present invention₂Ship LNG-CO at the time of exhaustion of LNG fuel in storage tank₂A storage system;

FIG. 3 shows an embodiment of the present invention in which the empty tank is filled with liquid CO₂After ship LNG-CO₂A storage system;

FIG. 4 shows an LNG-CO system according to an embodiment of the present invention₂The structure of the storage tank is shown schematically.

Wherein, 1-first LNG-CO₂Storage tank, 2-second LNG-CO₂The system comprises a storage tank, a 3-reserved empty tank, a 4-heat exchanger, a 5-combustion application device, a 6-cold and heat management device, a 7-carbon capture device, an 8-gas compressor, a 9-filling pipeline, a 10-one-way valve, a 11-liquid LNG output pipeline, a 12-safety valve, a 13-variable pressure safety valve, a 14-supporting structure and a 15-sensing deviceThe device comprises a device system, 16-a heat insulation support, 17-an oxygen inlet pipeline, 18-a pipeline, 19-an evaporation gas treatment system, 20-a branch pipeline, 101-an inner container and 102-an outer container.

Detailed Description

The invention is further described with reference to the following figures and specific embodiments.

Ship LNG-CO based on LNG cold energy utilization₂Storage system comprising three LNG-CO₂A storage tank, a heat exchanger 4, a combustion application device 5, a cold and heat management device 6, a carbon capture device 7 and a gas compressor 8, wherein the LNG-CO is used for storing the LNG and the CO₂The storage tank comprises a first LNG-CO₂Storage tank 1, second LNG-CO₂Storage tank 2 and reserved empty tank 3, first LNG-CO₂Storage tank 1 and second LNG-CO₂The storage tanks 2 are all in switchable connection with a liquid LNG inlet of the heat exchanger 4 through LNG output pipelines, a liquid LNG outlet of the heat exchanger 4 is connected with a gaseous LNG inlet of the combustion application device 5 through an LNG conveying pipeline, one part of a heat exchange medium pipeline of the cooling and heat management device 6 is in heat exchange arrangement with the liquid LNG conveying pipeline between the heat exchanger 4 and the combustion application device 5, one part of the heat exchange medium pipeline is in heat exchange arrangement with the heat exchange medium pipeline of the combustion application device 5, and the other part of the heat exchange medium pipeline is in heat exchange arrangement with a gaseous carbon dioxide pipeline of the carbon capture device 7; be equipped with oxygen inlet pipe way 17 on the burning application apparatus 5, be equipped with the tail gas import on carbon capture device 7, decarbonization tail gas export and carbon dioxide export, the tail gas export of burning application apparatus 5 passes through tail gas conveying pipeline and carbon capture device 7's tail gas access connection, the decarbonization tail gas export passes through pipeline 18 and atmosphere intercommunication, the carbon dioxide export passes through carbon dioxide conveying pipeline and gas compressor 8's gaseous carbon dioxide access connection, gas compressor 8's gaseous carbon dioxide export passes through carbon dioxide conveying pipeline and heat exchanger 4's carbon dioxide access connection, heat exchanger 4's carbon dioxide export passes through carbon dioxide conveying pipeline and reserves the changeable connection of carbon dioxide import of empty can 3.

Three of the LNG-CO₂LNG/N is arranged on the storage tanks of the common tank body₂/CO₂An inlet and a liquid LNG outlet, the LNG/N₂/CO₂The inlet is connected with a filling pipe 9With LNG source and N₂The storage tank is connected, the liquid LNG outlet is in convertible connection with the liquid LNG inlet and the liquid carbon dioxide outlet of the heat exchanger 4 through the liquid LNG output pipeline 11, the filling pipeline 9 is communicated with the liquid LNG output pipeline 11 through a branch pipeline 20, the branch pipeline 20 and the liquid LNG output pipeline 11 are both provided with a one-way valve 10, the one-way valve 10 on the liquid LNG output pipeline 11 is arranged at the front part of the part communicated with the branch pipeline 20,

two check valves 10 are sequentially arranged on the filling pipeline 9 at intervals, and the check valves 10 are all intelligent check valves capable of being remotely controlled. The first LNG-CO₂Storage tank 1, second LNG-CO₂The tank body of the storage tank 2 and the reserved empty tank 3 comprises an inner container 101 and an outer container 102, a plurality of supporting structures 14 are arranged in a cavity between the inner container 101 and the outer container 102, and the cavity is filled with air; a pipeline for connecting the cavity with the outside is arranged on the outer liner 102, a safety valve 12 is arranged on the pipeline, a pipeline for connecting the inner liner 101 with the outside is arranged on the inner liner 101, a variable pressure safety valve 13 is arranged on the pipeline, and an evaporation gas treatment system 19 is arranged on the pipeline behind the variable pressure safety valve 13; the inner container 101 is provided with a device for monitoring LNG-CO₂A sensor system 15 of the volume, temperature and pressure of the liquid in the tank; in the first LNG-CO₂Storage tank 1, second LNG-CO₂And heat insulation supports 16 are symmetrically arranged on the outer walls of the lower parts of the storage tank 2 and the reserved empty tank 3.

As shown in fig. 1, the first LNG-CO₂The LNG in the tank 1 is led to the heat exchanger 4 through LNG transfer lines and a one-way valve 10 at the start of initial combustion and transfers cold energy to the pressurized CO₂After liquefying it, preheated CH₄Mixed oxygen (or air) enters a combustion application device 7 after continuously exchanging heat with a cold and heat management device 6 for gasification, combustion tail gas of the combustion application device 7 is subjected to preliminary heat exchange and cooling with a cold medium in the cold and heat management device 6 after exchanging heat with liquid LNG through a carbon capture device 7, carbon dioxide is separated, water vapor in the tail gas is discharged, carbon dioxide subjected to sub-treatment is pressurized through a gas compressor 8 and then is injected into a heat exchanger 4, and liquefied CO is injected into a liquefied gas₂And injecting into a reserved empty tank 3 for storage.

As shown in fig. 2, whenFirst LNG-CO₂When the LNG of the storage tank 1 is about to be used up, the gaseous N may be injected through the upper right injection pipe 9 in fig. 4₂In such a way that the LNG is completely emptied, and the second LNG-CO is switched on simultaneously to meet the required LNG supply₂One-way valve on the liquid LNG export pipeline on the storage tank 2, while the second LNG-CO is closed₂A check valve on a branch pipeline on the storage tank 2, and then pressurizing and heating to make the first LNG-CO₂The liquid CO is reached in the storage tank 1₂The desired temperature and pressure; the rest of the system continues to operate as in the system of fig. 1.

When the first LNG-CO is present, as shown in FIG. 3₂The storage tank 1 is filled with N₂Has reached liquid CO₂Required temperature and pressure₂Meanwhile, the reserved storage tank 3 is filled with liquid CO₂Closing the branch pipe 20 of the reserve tank 3 and the one-way valve 10 on the filling pipe 9, while the first LNG-CO is being supplied₂The liquid LNG output pipeline of the storage tank 1 is switched from the liquid LNG inlet on the heat exchanger 4 to the liquid CO of the heat exchanger 4₂Outlet for liquid CO to be produced₂Storing to the first LNG-CO₂Storage tank 1, first LNG-CO₂N in the tank 1₂Is discharged to the air or corresponding storage tank through a pressure-adjustable vent valve 13, while the second LNG-CO is discharged₂The storage tank 2 continues to be supplied with LNG.

The safety valve 12 is mainly used for ensuring that gas between the inner container 101 and the outer container 102 is thin, so that the requirement of heat preservation is met, and meanwhile, the risk of tank body breakage does not exist; a pressure-adjustable safety valve 13 as the first LNG-CO₂Storage tank 1 and second LNG-CO₂A relatively low pressure may be provided in the tank 2 for LNG to transfer partially vaporized LNG to the boil-off gas treatment system 19 to reduce the pressure in the tank; when the first LNG-CO₂Storage tank 1 and second LNG-CO₂In the storage tank 2 is N₂Or CO₂The pressure relief pressure is set to be greater than that of liquid CO₂Required pressure to ensure N₂While being gaseous, CO₂Is in liquid state; the sensor system 15 is mainly responsible for monitoring the amount of liquid in the tank and measuring the temperature and pressure simultaneously, the whole LNG-CO₂Storage system relies on sensor system 15 for LNG/CO₂/N₂Of (2)Interoperating; each check valve 10 is an intelligent check valve capable of realizing remote control, and is opened or closed as required when LNG (liquefied natural gas) is filled or discharged; the heat insulation support 16 meets the requirements of fixing the tank body and the ship main body structure while isolating direct contact between LNG at-165 ℃ and a normal-temperature ship structure. The heat insulation support structure can be a multi-layer combined structure and can also be a composite structure meeting the requirements.

When the device works normally, the heat exchanger is arranged to liquefy CO captured by the carbon capture device by using cold energy of LNG₂Reduce liquefied CO₂The required energy consumption; by simultaneously passing LNG and CO₂The mode of sharing the tank body reduces the impact of introducing the carbon capture device on the storage and transportation space and the bearing capacity of the ship, and only 1 more storage tanks are needed than the normal total number of LNG storage tanks under the ideal condition; in the case of modular design, full of liquid CO₂The tank body can be directly hoisted to a shore base and transported to an end user (such as a carbonated beverage factory) by a standard container truck/train, so that the requirement on port transfer facilities is reduced; in a similar way, the tank body full of LNG can also be directly hoisted to the ship, and the demands on the shore-based LNG storage tank and the filling device are reduced.

In summary, the device can recycle CO captured by carbon stored in the LNG tank by utilizing the cold energy of the LNG₂And under the condition of modular design, the energy consumption of the ship is reduced to the greatest extent, the space utilization rate and the cargo carrying efficiency of the ship are improved, and the applicable port range of the ship is expanded. Therefore, the present plant system maximizes the economic utility of a vessel employing both LNG fuel and carbon capture systems in response to carbon neutralization.

The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and any simple modification, equivalent change and modification of the above embodiments according to the technical essence of the present invention should be regarded as the scope of the present invention to those skilled in the art.

Claims

1. Based on LNG cold energy profitMarine LNG-CO for use₂Storage system, characterized in that it comprises at least two LNG-CO₂Storage tank, heat exchanger, LNG combustion application device, cold and heat management device, carbon capture device and gas compressor, at least two LNG-CO₂One of the storage tanks is a reserved empty tank; one side of the heat exchanger is provided with a liquid LNG inlet and a liquid carbon dioxide outlet, the other side of the heat exchanger is provided with a liquid LNG outlet and a gaseous carbon dioxide inlet, and at least two LNG-CO are arranged₂The storage tanks are all provided with LNG/N₂/ CO₂An inlet and a liquid LNG outlet, the LNG/N₂/ CO₂The inlet is connected with the LNG source and the N through a filling pipeline₂The device comprises a storage tank, a liquid LNG outlet, a liquid LNG inlet, a liquid carbon dioxide outlet, a filling pipeline, a branch pipeline, a one-way valve, a gas-liquid LNG delivery pipeline and a gas-liquid LNG delivery pipeline, wherein the liquid LNG outlet is in convertible connection with the liquid LNG inlet and the liquid carbon dioxide outlet of the heat exchanger through the liquid LNG delivery pipeline; a part of the heat exchange medium pipeline of the cold and heat management device is arranged in heat exchange with the liquid LNG conveying pipeline between the heat exchanger and the combustion application device, a part of the heat exchange medium pipeline is arranged in heat exchange with the heat medium pipeline of the combustion application device, and a part of the heat exchange medium pipeline is arranged in heat exchange with the gaseous carbon dioxide pipeline of the carbon capture device; the utility model discloses a carbon dioxide combustion device, including combustion application device, carbon capture device, pipeline, the last oxygen import that is equipped with of combustion application device, be equipped with the tail gas import on carbon capture device, decarbonization tail gas export and carbon dioxide export, the tail gas export of combustion application device passes through tail gas pipeline and carbon capture device's tail gas access connection, the decarbonization tail gas export passes through pipeline and atmosphere intercommunication, the carbon dioxide export passes through carbon dioxide pipeline and gas compressor's gaseous carbon dioxide access connection, gas compressor's gaseous carbon dioxide export passes through carbon dioxide pipeline and heat exchanger's gaseous carbon dioxide access connection, heat exchanger's liquid carbon dioxide export passes through carbon dioxide pipeline and the carbon dioxide access connection of reserving the empty can.

2. Marine LNG-CO based on LNG cold energy utilization according to claim 1₂The storage system is characterized in that two one-way valves are sequentially arranged on the filling pipeline at intervals.

3. Marine LNG-CO based on LNG cold energy utilization according to claim 2₂Storage system, characterized in that the LNG-CO₂The tank body of the storage tank comprises an inner container and an outer container, a cavity between the inner container and the outer container is filled with gas, a pipeline for connecting the cavity with the outside is arranged on the outer container, and a safety valve is arranged on the pipeline.

4. Marine LNG-CO based on LNG cold energy utilization according to claim 3₂The storage system is characterized in that a pipeline for connecting the inner container and the outside is arranged on the inner container, and a variable pressure safety valve is arranged on the pipeline.

5. Marine LNG-CO based on LNG cold energy utilization according to claim 4₂The storage system is characterized in that a boil-off gas treatment system is arranged on the pipeline behind the variable pressure safety valve.

6. Marine LNG-CO based on LNG cold energy utilization according to claim 5₂The storage system is characterized in that a plurality of support structures are arranged in the cavity between the inner container and the outer container.

7. Marine LNG-CO based on LNG cold energy utilization according to claim 3₂The storage system is characterized in that the inner container is provided with a device for monitoring LNG-CO₂A sensor system for measuring the volume, temperature and pressure of the liquid in the storage tank.

8. Marine LNG-CO based on LNG cold energy utilization according to claim 2₂The storage system is characterized in that the one-way valve is an intelligent one-way valve capable of being remotely controlled.

9. Marine LNG-CO based on LNG cold energy utilization according to claim 2₂Storage system characterized in that in said LNG-CO₂The outer wall of the lower part of the storage tank is symmetrically provided with heat insulation supports.