CN113634736B - Bimetal compounding method - Google Patents
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- CN113634736B CN113634736B CN202110940966.3A CN202110940966A CN113634736B CN 113634736 B CN113634736 B CN 113634736B CN 202110940966 A CN202110940966 A CN 202110940966A CN 113634736 B CN113634736 B CN 113634736B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D19/00—Casting in, on, or around objects which form part of the product
- B22D19/16—Casting in, on, or around objects which form part of the product for making compound objects cast of two or more different metals, e.g. for making rolls for rolling mills
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Abstract
The invention discloses a bimetal compounding method, belonging to the technical field of bimetal compounding casting, aiming at solving the technical problems of low interface bonding strength, difficult control of solidification time and more defects of casting interfaces in the bimetal casting compounding process, and the technical scheme is as follows: the method comprises the following specific steps: s1, performing surface treatment on the surface of solid metal to be compounded; s2, placing the solid metal to be compounded in a mold, fixing the solid to be compounded on an ultrasonic vibration tool head, and applying ultrasonic vibration to the solid metal to be compounded; s3, starting an ultrasonic vibration device to enable the ultrasonic vibration tool head and the solid metal to be compounded to generate ultrasonic vibration; s4, melting another metal to be compounded to 10-100 ℃ above a liquidus line, pouring the molten metal into the mold in the step S2, and compounding the molten metal solution with the fixed metal under the action of ultrasonic vibration; and S5, after the metal solution is solidified, closing the ultrasonic vibration device, and cooling to room temperature to obtain the bimetal composite material.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of bimetal composite casting, in particular to a bimetal composite method.
Background
With the rapid development of modern industry, the comprehensive performance requirements of various parts and components on metal materials are higher and higher, and a single metal material cannot meet the performance requirements of different parts in a complex part gradually, for example: the inner and outer surfaces of the roller, different parts of the motor rotor and the inner and outer walls of the cylinder of the engine cylinder body have different material requirements. In order to solve the requirements, the bimetal material is widely applied in the field of industrial manufacturing, the bimetal composite material is a novel composite material prepared by adopting a certain composite process to realize firm metallurgical bonding of two metal materials with different physical, chemical and mechanical properties on an interface, and the composite process mainly adopted comprises bimetal composite casting, dissimilar metal welding, riveting and the like. The method for casting the bimetal comprises solid/liquid compounding, diffusion bonding, cold rolling, extrusion, explosion welding, friction stir welding and the like. The bimetal solid/liquid composite casting method is a simple and effective composite method, and has a series of advantages of good economic benefit, capability of optimizing the surface property of the material, wide designability and the like. The solid/liquid composite casting method for producing bimetallic materials is generally carried out by melting a metal, casting into a mold containing another solid metal to be compounded, interacting the high-temperature melt and the other solid metal to be compounded at high temperature to produce metallurgical bonding at the interface, and finally solidifying to produce the bimetallic material. The interface bonding of solid/liquid composite mainly has two forms of fusion bonding and diffusion bonding. The composite interface formed by solid/liquid compounding is easy to have the defects of cracks, inclusions, pores and the like, and the bonding strength of the interface is deeply influenced by the technological parameters of melt temperature, preheating and heat-preserving time, pressure, surface pretreatment condition and the like. In the solid/liquid compounding process, the surface of a metal matrix is usually oxidized due to high temperature, an oxide film hinders the formation of a bimetal compound interface, and complete metallurgical bonding of the interface cannot be realized, so that most bimetal compounding needs pretreatment procedures of removing the oxide film, such as surface acid washing, alkali washing, electroplating, chemical plating and the like, on the solid metal to be compounded before compounding; if the liquid metal solidification speed is too slow, although metallurgical bonding is promoted, coarse grains are caused; the liquid metal is too fast in solidification speed, which can cause low diffusion degree of metal elements, resulting in low interface bonding strength and incapability of meeting the requirements of higher and higher performance.
In summary, the problems of the existing solid/liquid bimetal composite casting technology are mainly as follows:
(1) Interface bonding strength is low: during casting, the solid/liquid bimetal interface can not realize all metallurgical bonding because of an oxide film on the surface of the metal matrix;
(2) And difficulty in controlling the solidification time: in order to avoid the too slow or too fast solidification speed of the liquid metal, the solidification time of the metal needs to be controlled, but the solidification speed is difficult to control in the actual process, so that the bonding performance of a bimetal interface is reduced;
(3) And casting interface defects are more: the phenomenon of difficult gas discharge easily occurs in the casting process, and the defects of cracks, inclusions, pores and the like are caused.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical task of the invention is to provide a bimetal compounding method, which solves the problems of low interface bonding strength, difficult control of solidification time and more casting interface defects in the bimetal casting compounding process.
The technical task of the invention is realized in the following way, and the bimetal compounding method comprises the following specific steps:
s1, performing surface treatment on the surface of solid metal to be compounded;
s2, placing the solid metal to be compounded in a mold, fixing the solid to be compounded on an ultrasonic vibration tool head, and applying ultrasonic vibration to the solid metal to be compounded;
s3, starting an ultrasonic vibration device to enable the ultrasonic vibration tool head and the solid metal to be compounded to generate ultrasonic vibration;
s4, melting another metal to be compounded to 10-100 ℃ above a liquidus line, pouring the molten metal into the die in the step S2, and compounding the molten metal solution with the fixed metal under the action of ultrasonic vibration;
and S5, after the metal solution is solidified, closing the ultrasonic vibration device, and cooling to room temperature to obtain the bimetal composite material.
Preferably, the surface treatment in step S1 includes sanding the metal surface with sandpaper, easily washing the oxide film on the metal surface with a hydrochloric acid solution and sodium hydroxide in this order, and washing the metal surface with distilled water and drying.
Preferably, the solid metal to be compounded is fixed on the ultrasonic amplitude transformer in a mechanical fixing mode, and the solid metal to be compounded is vertically suspended and placed in the mold, so that the vibration direction of the solid metal material to be compounded is vertical to the compound surface of the bimetal;
wherein, the vibration direction refers to the vibration direction of the metal material to be compounded.
More preferably, the mechanical fixing means includes a bolt connection, a welding connection and an adhesive connection.
Preferably, when the solid metal to be compounded is in the regular shape of the plate or the bar, the geometric center of the regular shape of the plate or the bar is taken as an initial vibration position.
Preferably, when the solid metal to be compounded is in a regular shape of a plate or a bar, the vibration direction of the solid metal material to be compounded is vertical to the joint surface, and the effect is best;
the bonding surface refers to a composite surface of bimetal.
When the solid metal to be compounded is in an irregular shape, the angle between the irregular joint surface of the solid metal material to be compounded and the vibration direction is determined through the comsol simulation of the software, and the maximum vibration intensity at the joint surface is ensured.
Preferably, the power of the ultrasonic vibration device is 100-10000W, and the vibration frequency is 20-800KHz.
Preferably, when the bimetal is an alloy material of an aluminum alloy or an iron alloy, the maximum amount of heat released during cooling and solidification of the molten metal, which can be used to fuse the solid metal with the molten metal, is:
Q 1 ＝ρ 0 (V 0 -V X )(L m /3+H l )；
where ρ is 0 Expressed as molten metal density in kg/m 3 ；V 0 Denotes the mold volume in m 3 ；V x Represents the volume of solid metal in m 3 ；H l Representing the amount of superheat, and having a value of C m (T j -T i )；T j The molten metal casting temperature is expressed in units of; t is i Represents the liquidus temperature of the molten metal in units of ℃; c m The specific heat of the molten metal is expressed in the unit of J/kg DEG C; l is m Represents the latent heat of solidification, in J/kg;
the heat required for the fusion of the solid metal and the molten metal is:
Q 2 ＝V x ρ x [(T g -T k )C x +L x /5]；
where ρ is x Denotes the solid metal density in kg/m 3 ；T g Represents the solid metal solidus temperature in units of; t is a unit of k Represents the solid metal initial temperature in units of; c x Represents the specific heat of the solid metal and has the unit of J/kg DEG C; l is x Represents the latent heat of solidification, in J/kg;
when Q is 1 >Q 2 When the metal is fused, the higher the power is selected, the stronger the generated sound flow stirring and cavitation effects are; the power calculation formula is as follows:
P＝KQ 1 /Q 2 ；
wherein K is a constant, and K belongs to (300, 6000);
and when the power is selected, the selection is carried out according to the fluidity of the metal liquid used actually, the actual production condition and the required composite effect.
The bimetal compounding method has the following advantages:
the ultrasonic-assisted bimetal compounding improves the traditional solid/liquid compounding technology, promotes the solid/liquid compounding of a bimetal interface by adopting ultrasonic vibration, can realize the metallurgical bonding of the bimetal interface at a lower temperature, and avoids the problems of oxidation, coarse grains and the like caused by high-temperature compounding;
secondly, ultrasonic vibration assistance is added in the casting process, ultrasonic cavitation and acoustic flow stirring effects are generated at the interface of the solid metal and the melt, gas at the interface can be discharged, and pores at the bimetal interface can be avoided; the ultrasonic vibration can also break dendritic crystals when the metal melt is solidified, and grains at the bimetal interface are refined, so that the bonding strength of the metal interface is improved;
the invention utilizes ultrasonic wave to assist bimetal compounding, can improve the wettability of molten metal and a solid metal matrix when the bimetal is compounded in solid/liquid, promotes the metallurgical bonding of a bimetal solid/liquid interface, and improves the bonding strength of the interface;
and (IV) in the solid/liquid bimetal compounding process, the ultrasonic waves can break the oxide film on the surface of the solid metal, promote the fusion of the metal melt and the solid metal, and omit the complex process of pre-plating zinc on the surface of the solid metal to promote interface bonding in the traditional process.
Therefore, the invention has the characteristics of reasonable design, simple structure, easy processing, small volume, convenient use, multiple purposes and the like, thereby having good popularization and use values.
Drawings
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a bimetallic compounding process;
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of portion A of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a metallographic structure diagram of an interface of a 6061/AC4B aluminum alloy bimetal composite material prepared in example 2 of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is an interface metallographic structure diagram of a 7075/A365 aluminum alloy bimetal composite material prepared in example 3 of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a metallographic image of the interface structure of a 6061/AC4B aluminum alloy bimetal composite prepared according to the comparative example.
In the figure: 1. ultrasonic amplitude transformer 2, solid metal plate 3, metal melt 4, casting mould 5, ultrasonic vibration device 6, nut 7 and bolt.
Detailed Description
A bimetal compounding method of the present invention is described in detail below with reference to the drawings and specific examples of the specification.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of description and simplicity of description. And are not intended to indicate or imply that the referenced device or element must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and are therefore not to be considered limiting of the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly and may be, for example, fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art.
Example 1:
as shown in the attached figures 1 and 2, the bimetal compounding method of the invention comprises the following specific steps:
s1, performing surface treatment on the surface of solid metal to be compounded;
s2, placing the solid metal to be compounded in a mold, fixing the solid to be compounded on an ultrasonic vibration tool head, and applying ultrasonic vibration to the solid metal to be compounded;
s3, starting an ultrasonic vibration device to enable the ultrasonic vibration tool head and the solid metal to be compounded to generate ultrasonic vibration;
s4, melting another metal to be compounded to 10-100 ℃ above a liquidus line, pouring the molten metal into the mold in the step S2, and compounding the molten metal solution with the fixed metal under the action of ultrasonic vibration;
and S5, after the metal solution is solidified, closing the ultrasonic vibration device, and cooling to room temperature to obtain the bimetal composite material.
The surface treatment in step S1 of this example includes sanding the metal surface with sandpaper, easily cleaning the oxide film on the metal surface with a hydrochloric acid solution and sodium hydroxide in this order, and cleaning the metal surface with distilled water and drying.
The solid metal to be compounded in the embodiment is fixed on the ultrasonic amplitude transformer in a mechanical fixing mode, and is vertically suspended in a mould, so that the vibration direction of the solid metal material to be compounded is vertical to the compound surface of the bimetal;
wherein, the vibration direction refers to the vibration direction of the metal material to be compounded.
More preferably, the mechanical fixing means includes a bolt connection, a welding connection and an adhesive connection.
In this embodiment, when the solid metal to be composited is in a regular shape of a plate or a bar, the geometric center of the regular shape of the plate or the bar is used as an initial vibration position.
When the solid metal to be compounded in the embodiment is in a regular shape of a plate or a bar, the vibration direction of the solid metal material to be compounded is vertical to the joint surface, and the effect is best;
the bonding surface refers to a composite surface of bimetal.
When the solid metal to be compounded is in an irregular shape, the angle between the irregular joint surface of the solid metal material to be compounded and the vibration direction is determined through the comsol simulation of the software, and the maximum vibration intensity at the joint surface is ensured.
The power of the ultrasonic vibration device in the embodiment is 100-10000W, and the vibration frequency is 20-800KHz.
When the bimetal in this embodiment is an alloy material of an aluminum alloy or an iron alloy, the maximum amount of heat released during cooling and solidification of the molten metal, which can be used to fuse the solid metal and the molten metal, is:
Q 1 ＝ρ 0 (V 0 -V X )(L m /3+H l )；
where ρ is 0 Expressed as molten metal density in kg/m 3 ；V 0 Denotes the mold volume in m 3 ；V x Represents the volume of solid metal in m 3 ；H l Representing the amount of superheat, and having a value of C m (T j -T i )；T j The molten metal casting temperature is expressed in units of; t is i The liquidus temperature of the molten metal is expressed in units of ℃; c m The specific heat of the molten metal is expressed in the unit of J/kg DEG C; l is m Represents the latent heat of solidification, in J/kg;
the heat required for the fusion of the solid metal and the molten metal is as follows:
Q 2 ＝V x ρ x [(T g -T k )C x +L x /5]；
where ρ is x Denotes the solid metal density in kg/m 3 ；T g Represents the solid metal solidus temperature in units of; t is k Represents the solid metal initial temperature in units of; c x Represents the specific heat of the solid metal and has the unit of J/kg DEG C; l is x Represents the latent heat of solidification, and the unit is J/kg;
when Q is 1 >Q 2 When the metal is fused, the higher the power is selected, the stronger the generated sound flow stirring and cavitation effects are; the power calculation formula is as follows:
P＝KQ 1 /Q 2 ；
wherein K is a constant, and K belongs to (300, 6000);
and when the power is selected, the selection is carried out according to the fluidity of the metal liquid used actually, the actual production condition and the required composite effect.
Example 2:
in this embodiment, 6061 aluminum alloy is used as the solid metal matrix material, and the size is 60 × 50 × 2mm, specifically as follows:
(1) Punching the aluminum alloy base plate 2, and polishing on No. 400 abrasive paper;
(2) Sequentially cleaning an oxide film on the surface of the aluminum alloy matrix plate 2 by using a 10% hydrochloric acid solution and a 10% sodium hydroxide solution, cleaning by using distilled water and drying for later use;
(3) Heating the casting mould 4 to 200 ℃ and preserving the heat for 30 minutes;
(4) Fixing the cleaned aluminum alloy matrix plate 2 on the ultrasonic amplitude transformer 1 in a manner of fastening a nut 6 and a bolt 7, vertically suspending the aluminum alloy matrix plate in a casting mold 4, and selecting a vibration direction vertical to a joint surface to vibrate;
(5) Setting the ultrasonic power to 960W and the vibration frequency to 24KHz, starting the ultrasonic vibration device 5, applying ultrasonic vibration to the aluminum alloy base plate 2, casting the 710 ℃ liquid AC4B aluminum alloy 3 into the casting mold 4, compounding the liquid AC4B aluminum alloy 3 and the aluminum alloy base plate 2 under the action of the ultrasonic vibration, and when the temperature measured by the thermocouple is reduced to 500 ℃, closing the ultrasonic vibration device and cooling to the room temperature.
The 6061/AC4B aluminum alloy bimetal composite material prepared by the embodiment is characterized by detection:
as shown in fig. 3, the interface metallographic structure of the 6061/AC4B aluminum alloy bimetal composite material prepared in the embodiment is clear from fig. 3 that the composite material has no defect at the interface and good bonding; compared with the traditional process, the 6061/AC4B aluminum alloy bimetal composite material prepared by the embodiment has the interface tensile strength improved by 140%.
Example 3:
in this embodiment, 7075 aluminum alloy is used as a solid metal matrix material, and the size is 60 × 50 × 2mm, specifically as follows:
(1) Punching the 7075 aluminum alloy base plate 2, and polishing on 400# abrasive paper;
(2) Sequentially cleaning an oxide film on the surface of the aluminum alloy matrix plate 2 by using a 10% hydrochloric acid solution and a 10% sodium hydroxide solution, cleaning by using distilled water and drying for later use;
(3) Heating the casting mould 4 to 200 ℃ and preserving the heat for 30 minutes;
(4) Fixing the cleaned aluminum alloy base plate 2 on the ultrasonic amplitude transformer 1 in a manner of fastening a nut 6 and a bolt 7, vertically suspending the aluminum alloy base plate in a casting mold 4, and selecting a vibration direction vertical to a joint surface to vibrate;
(6) Setting the ultrasonic power to 3000W, vibration frequency 20KHz, starting ultrasonic vibration device 5, applying ultrasonic vibration to 7075 aluminum alloy matrix plate 2, then casting 730 ℃ liquid A356 aluminum alloy 3 into the casting mould 4, compounding the liquid A356 aluminum alloy 3 and the 7075 aluminum alloy matrix plate 2 under the action of ultrasonic vibration, and when the temperature measured by the thermocouple is reduced to 500 ℃, closing the ultrasonic vibration device and cooling to room temperature.
The 7075/A356 aluminum alloy bimetal composite material prepared in the embodiment is characterized by detection:
as shown in fig. 4, the 7075/a356 aluminum alloy bimetal composite prepared in this example has a metallographic structure diagram of the interface, and it is clear from fig. 4 that the composite has no defect at the interface and good bonding. Compared with the traditional process, the tensile strength of the interface of the embodiment is improved by 180 percent.
Comparative example:
in this embodiment, 6061 aluminum alloy is used as the solid metal matrix material, and the size is 60 × 50 × 2mm, specifically as follows:
(1) punching the aluminum alloy base plate 2, and polishing on No. 400 abrasive paper;
(2) sequentially cleaning an oxide film on the surface of the aluminum alloy matrix plate 2 by using a 10% hydrochloric acid solution and a 10% sodium hydroxide solution, cleaning by using distilled water and drying for later use;
(3) heating the casting mould 4 to 200 ℃ and preserving the heat for 30 minutes;
(4) fixing the cleaned aluminum alloy base plate 2 on the ultrasonic amplitude transformer 1 in a manner of fastening a nut 6 and a bolt 7, vertically suspending the aluminum alloy base plate in a casting mold 4, and selecting a vibration direction vertical to a joint surface to vibrate;
(5) and casting the 710 ℃ liquid AC4B aluminum alloy 3 into the casting mold 4, and directly solidifying to obtain the 6061/AC4B aluminum alloy bimetal composite material.
The 6061/AC4B aluminum alloy bimetal composite material prepared by the embodiment is characterized by detection:
as shown in the attached FIG. 5, the metallographic interface of the 6061/AC4B aluminum alloy bimetal composite material prepared in the embodiment is shown. As is clear from fig. 5, the composite material has significant defects at the interface and poor bonding, and the gap width was measured to be about 8 μm.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and not to limit the same; while the invention has been described in detail and with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some or all of the technical features may be equivalently replaced; and these modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit of the corresponding technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. A bimetal compounding method is characterized by comprising the following specific steps:
s1, performing surface treatment on the surface of solid metal to be compounded;
s2, placing the solid metal to be compounded in a mold, fixing the solid to be compounded on an ultrasonic vibration tool head, and applying ultrasonic vibration to the solid metal to be compounded; the solid metal to be compounded is fixed on the ultrasonic amplitude transformer in a mechanical fixing mode and is vertically suspended in a mould, so that the vibration direction of the solid metal material to be compounded is vertical to the compound surface of the bimetal; the vibration direction refers to the vibration direction of the metal material to be compounded; the mechanical fixing mode comprises bolt connection, welding connection and adhesive connection;
when the composite solid metal is in a regular shape of a plate or a bar, taking the geometric center of the regular shape of the plate or the bar as an initial vibration position, and enabling the vibration direction of the composite solid metal material to be vertical to a joint surface; the joint surface refers to a bimetal composite surface;
when the solid metal to be compounded is in an irregular shape, the software comsol simulates and determines the angle between the irregular joint surface of the solid metal material to be compounded and the vibration direction, and the maximum vibration intensity at the joint surface is ensured;
s3, starting an ultrasonic vibration device to enable the ultrasonic vibration tool head and the solid metal to be compounded to generate ultrasonic vibration;
s4, melting another metal to be compounded to 10-100 ℃ above a liquidus line, pouring the molten metal into the die in the step S2, and compounding the molten metal solution with the fixed metal under the action of ultrasonic vibration;
s5, after the metal solution is solidified, closing the ultrasonic vibration device, and cooling to room temperature to obtain the bimetal composite material; when the bimetal is an alloy material of aluminum alloy or iron alloy, the maximum heat released during cooling and solidification of the molten metal and used for fusing the solid metal and the molten metal is as follows:
Q 1 ＝ρ 0 (V 0 -V X )(L m /3+H l )；
where ρ is 0 Expressed as molten metal density in kg/m 3 ；V 0 Denotes the mold volume in m 3 ；V x Represents the volume of solid metal in m 3 ；H l Representing the amount of superheat, and having a value of C m (T j -T i )；T j The molten metal casting temperature is expressed in units of; t is i The liquidus temperature of the molten metal is expressed in units of ℃; c m The specific heat of the molten metal is expressed in the unit of J/kg DEG C; l is m Represents the latent heat of solidification, and the unit is J/kg;
the heat required for the fusion of the solid metal and the molten metal is:
Q 2 ＝V x ρ x [(T g -T k )C x +L x /5]；
wherein ρ x Denotes the solid metal density in kg/m 3 ；T g Represents the solid metal solidus temperature in units of; t is k Represents the solid metal initial temperature in units of; c x Represents the specific heat of the solid metal and has the unit of J/kg DEG C; l is x Represents the latent heat of solidification, in J/kg;
when Q is 1 >Q 2 When the metal is fused, the higher the power is selected, the stronger the generated sound flow stirring and cavitation effects are; the power calculation formula is as follows:
P＝KQ 1 /Q 2 ；
wherein K is a constant, and K belongs to (300, 6000);
and when the power is selected, the selection is carried out according to the fluidity of the metal liquid used actually, the actual production condition and the required composite effect.
2. The bimetal compounding method of claim 1, wherein the surface treatment in step S1 comprises sanding the metal surface with sand paper, easily washing the oxide film of the metal surface with a hydrochloric acid solution and sodium hydroxide in sequence, and washing the metal surface with distilled water and drying.
3. The bimetal compounding method of claim 1, wherein the power of the ultrasonic vibration device is 100-10000W, and the vibration frequency is 20-800KHz.
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| JPS61140346A (en) * | 1984-12-14 | 1986-06-27 | Sumitomo Metal Ind Ltd | Manufacture of clad ingot |
| JPH02258156A (en) * | 1989-03-31 | 1990-10-18 | Toshiba Corp | Casting method for internal chill |
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