CN113625231A - Phased array radar wave control system based on FPGA and self-checking method - Google Patents
Phased array radar wave control system based on FPGA and self-checking method Download PDFInfo
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- CN113625231A CN113625231A CN202110972798.6A CN202110972798A CN113625231A CN 113625231 A CN113625231 A CN 113625231A CN 202110972798 A CN202110972798 A CN 202110972798A CN 113625231 A CN113625231 A CN 113625231A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
- G01S7/02—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S13/00
- G01S7/28—Details of pulse systems
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
- G01S7/02—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S13/00
- G01S7/40—Means for monitoring or calibrating
- G01S7/4004—Means for monitoring or calibrating of parts of a radar system
Abstract
The invention provides a phased array radar wave control system based on an FPGA (field programmable gate array), which comprises a wave control communication unit, a phase matching value calculation unit and a T/R (time/radio) component configuration unit, wherein the wave control communication unit is used for receiving a phase matching value; the wave control communication unit is used for completing communication of the medium wave control terminal and communication with the information processing machine; the phase matching value calculation unit calculates the phase shifting value of each channel according to the frequency point number and the wave position number transmitted by the communication instruction, and adds the phase shifting value to the calibration value in Flash to obtain the phase configuration parameter of the T/R component; the T/R component configuration unit is used for configuring phase configuration parameters of the T/R component to the TR component and ensuring that the component works as required.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to radar technology, in particular to a phased array radar wave control system based on an FPGA and a self-checking method.
Background
The wave control system is peculiar to the phased array radar, replaces the function of a servo driver in the traditional mechanical scanning radar, and has the main functions of calculating a control code required by a phase shifter on each antenna unit according to a code pointed by a wave beam under the control of a data processor or a task computer, transmitting, amplifying and sending the control code to each phase shifter, controlling the receiving and transmitting phases of each antenna unit, and enabling the signal energy of each antenna unit of the phased array antenna to be superposed in a space designated direction to form an antenna wave beam.
The development trend of the wave control system is that the system is large-scale and distributed, and a single entity is miniaturized, integrated, highly reliable and low in cost. The large phased array radar system is complex and high in research and development difficulty, so that the operation processing capacity of the centralized wave control system with only one arithmetic unit is obviously insufficient. Therefore, the requirements of the radar system in the new era can be met only by handing operation over to a plurality of processors for processing respectively, and meanwhile, the complexity of the system is reduced, and the research and development difficulty is reduced. With the continuous development of electronic technology, the wave control system can be highly integrated due to the appearance of field programmable gate array FPGA and embedded computer, and the latest technical development is a single-chip solution for realizing the system by integrating the FPGA and the embedded computer.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to design a phased array radar wave control system based on an FPGA and a self-checking method, so as to realize modularization and intellectualization of the wave control system.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides a phased array radar wave control system based on an FPGA and a self-checking method. The system comprises a wave control communication unit, a phase matching value calculation unit and a T/R component configuration unit; the wave control communication unit is used for completing communication of the medium wave control terminal and communication with the information processing machine; the phase matching value calculation unit calculates the phase shifting value of each channel according to the frequency point number and the wave position number transmitted by the communication instruction, and adds the phase shifting value to the calibration value in Flash to obtain the phase configuration parameter of the T/R component; the T/R component configuration unit is used for configuring phase configuration parameters of the T/R component to the TR component and ensuring that the component works as required.
Furthermore, the wave control communication unit comprises a terminal communication and analysis module, a state information returning module and a message communication and analysis module; the terminal communication and analysis module is communicated with the wave control terminal and analyzes the communication to obtain a working mode, power supply control information, component configuration data, directional diagram test interface information, calibration value lead-in interface information and wave control state information which is transmitted back to the wave control terminal; the state information feedback module provides state data of the wave control machine in the current working mode to the terminal communication module, wherein the state data comprises the current working mode, a frequency point number, a wave position number, a software version, a hardware version, calibration value information and a system state; the credit communication and analysis module receives an instruction in a normal working mode from the credit machine, and simultaneously transmits data in the mode back to the credit machine, wherein the data comprises a self-checking state, a reply software version number, wave control state information, a working state, reply state information and communication error code times, and the wave control state information comprises a TR state, a Flash state and a power state.
Furthermore, the phase matching value calculation unit comprises a Flash control module, a phase shifting calculation module and a phase matching packing module; the Flash control module reads the calibration value from the FLASH and stores the calibration value into the RAM when the system is powered on; when the working mode is the calibration value importing mode, the calibration value importing data is written into the FLASH; erasing the FLASH under a chip erasing instruction of the wave control terminal; outputting version self-checking information, including completion of reading calibration values, hardware version numbers, calibration value version numbers and self-checking information; the phase shift calculation module calculates a specific phase shift value according to the current frequency point and the wave position number; and the phase matching and packaging module is used for calculating, calibrating and packaging the phase shift value and the calibration value stored in the FLASH to obtain configuration parameters of each channel, including transmitting phase shift, receiving phase shift, transmitting attenuation, receiving attenuation, transmitting and receiving standby and output channel enable.
Further, the T/R component configuration unit comprises a component timing sequence generation module and a component emission protection module; the component time sequence generation module generates a T/R component configuration time sequence and outputs different configuration data according to the working mode; and the component transmission protection module achieves duty ratio threshold and transmission pulse width protection in index requirements.
A phased array radar wave control self-detection method based on an FPGA comprises the following steps:
step S1, the wave control system comprises a terminal interface which is divided into a serial port setting module, a working mode module, a wave beam switching module, a power supply control module, a calibration value setting module, a calibration parameter setting module and a state display module, and the wave control system tests according to different working modes of the radar during specific application;
step S2, in the calibration value importing mode, erasing the data in the FLASH and importing the required calibration value data;
step S3, in the directional diagram test mode, the terminal is needed to control the frequency point and wave position information of the wave control machine to simulate the actual normal working condition to realize the self-checking function;
step S4, in the calibration test mode, the terminal is required to control the frequency point and the wave position information of the wave controller, so as to simulate the functions of front-end phase matching, wave position calibration, and the like.
Further, the step S2 includes:
step S21, performing an operation on the terminal interface: opening a serial port → selecting a working mode as a directional diagram test → setting and sending a frequency point number, a wave position number and a shaped value;
step S22, performing an operation on the terminal interface: setting a component power switch and a transmitting excitation switch and transmitting;
and step S23, detecting whether the direction diagram tested by the front end meets the requirement.
Further, the step S3 includes:
step S31, performing an operation on the terminal interface: opening the serial port → selecting the working mode as the calibration test → setting and sending the controlled channel number, the standby option and the phase matching value. (ii) a
Step S32, performing an operation on the terminal interface: setting a component power switch and a transmitting excitation switch and transmitting;
and step S33, detecting whether the phase shift and attenuation of the single channel tested by the front end meet the requirements.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention relates to a phased array radar wave control system and a self-checking method based on FPGA, which use a system on a chip to complete the design of the phased array radar wave control system and comprises three main modules: the wave control communication unit, the phase matching value calculation unit and the T/R component configuration unit complement each other, and the system has the characteristics of flexible design, upgradability, expandability and the like. With the application of large phased array equipment in various fields, the design scheme has certain application prospect.
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a diagram of the hardware connections of the system of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a block diagram of software modules of the system of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a system model diagram of an antenna array according to the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a flowchart of the terminal operation of the self-checking method of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of hardware connection of a phased array radar wave control system based on an FPGA in a radar system according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in fig. 1, in the phased array radar system, a wave control system is an indispensable part, and the wave control system mainly receives instruction data from a signal processor under the control of an electronic computer, generates a required beam pointing code, and sends the beam pointing code to a phase shifter in a T/R assembly to complete the directional control of the beam, which belongs to the electric scanning. Compared with the traditional mechanical scanning, the electrical scanning has great advantages in speed and accuracy.
Fig. 2 is a block diagram of software modules of a phased array radar wave control system according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in fig. 2, the wave control system is divided into three main modules: the wave control communication part is used for completing the communication of the medium wave control terminal and the communication with the information processing machine; a phase matching value calculation part for completing the calculation of phase shifting value and attenuation value of T/R component; and the T/R component configuration part is used for configuring the data finally selected by the configuration parameter selection module to the TR component and ensuring that the component works as required.
For the wave control communication part, the following parts are mainly used: and the terminal communication and analysis module is used for finishing communication and analysis with the wave control terminal, and the communication mode of the wave control machine and the terminal adopts a serial port communication protocol. The serial communication adopts an asynchronous serial communication protocol, the communication baud rate is 115200, the data bit is 8, the stop bit is 1, and no check bit exists; for this module, in reception (reception from the terminal by the wave controller): the serial port time sequence is directly analyzed, the data reading time is the middle time kept by each bit of data, and the misreading is avoided. At transmission time (wave control to terminal): firstly, storing data to be sent in an FIFO, reading the FIFO data each time, adding a start bit and a stop bit required in a time sequence, and sending the data from a serial port according to a baud rate; the state information feedback module: providing state data and state data of the wave control machine in the current working mode to the terminal communication module, outputting the module data to the terminal communication module, and returning the state information once every second; the letter department communication and analysis module: the communication adopts serial communication, receives an instruction in a normal working mode from the credit processor, and simultaneously transmits data in the mode back to the credit processor.
For the phase matching value calculation part, the mission task is to complete the phase shifting value calculation and the attenuation value calculation of the T/R component. The design idea is as follows: firstly, the writing of the calibration of each channel is completed, and the calibration value stored in Flash can be normally read out when the power is on. Meanwhile, the phase matching value calculation module adds the phase shifting values of all channels corresponding to the frequency point number and the wave position number and the calibration value in Flash to obtain the phase configuration parameters.
For the T/R component configuration part, the most important work of the part is as follows: and configuring the data selected by the configuration parameter selection module to the T/R component to ensure that the component works as required. Meanwhile, the pulse width protection function (such as 30% duty cycle threshold and 100us pulse width protection threshold) proposed by the function index needs to be met.
Fig. 3 is a system model diagram of an antenna array according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in fig. 3, for the phase shift value of each channel in the phase matching value calculation module, according to the overall requirement of the radar, the wave control system needs to implement the phase shift control of the one-dimensional antenna array, and when the beam direction is required (the angle comes from the parameter selection module, and the frequency point wave position of the terminal or the frequency point wave position issued by the beacon is selected according to different working modes), according to the phase distribution rule, the phase value of the nth channel is
φn＝(n-1)Δφn
Wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the phase value of the nth cell is
For the above formula, λ is the wavelength corresponding to the frequency point, dx is the array element spacing of the antenna, n is the channel number, and Φ is the angle corresponding to the azimuth. Calculated phinI.e. the phase shift value required on that channel.
Obviously, according to the formula written in the front, decimal can inevitably occur in the calculation process, FPGA is not good at processing decimal, then according to the formula during design, the value corresponding to the frequency point number and the wave position number is calculated out and is stored in the Rom core in advance, and when the method is needed to be used, the method is directly read for multiplication. According to the formula, since the phase shifter adopts six-bit quantization, the phase shift step is 5.625 °, so that the phase shift code of the nth channel relative to the reference channel is:
according to the above analysis, when data is stored in Rom. Is provided with
The dx sin phi and channel position values need to be stored. Upon storage, each datum is separated into separate Rom stores.
The part stores data by taking the frequency point number as an addressThe wavelength corresponding to the frequency point, the antenna array element spacing, and the value are calculated in advance. dx. sin φ: the wave position number of the azimuth dimension is used as address storage data, the included angle of the wave position number in the horizontal direction needs to be known, and then calculation and storage are carried out. During actual operation, table look-up processing is carried out according to the frequency number and the wave position number, multiplication operation is carried out, and after a result is obtained, the floating point number is converted into the fixed point number.
Fig. 4 is a terminal operation flowchart of a wave-control self-detection method for a phased array radar based on an FPGA according to an embodiment of the present invention. In order to complete debugging and function testing of the wave control machine, the wave control machine is required to be connected with a terminal through a serial port, as shown in fig. 4, in a calibration value import mode, calibration value parameters imported by the terminal are obtained by reading an excel file through MATLAB, and a txt file containing calibration value information is generated; in the calibration value import mode, the calibration value parameters imported by the terminal are obtained by reading an excel file through MATLAB to generate a txt file containing calibration value information; when a directional diagram is in a test mode, the terminal is required to control the frequency point and wave position information of the wave control machine, and whether the communication with the terminal is normal and the output phase shift value is correct are checked; in the calibration mode, the terminal is required to directly send phase matching value data to control the switching and phase matching of each component channel by the wave control machine.
Claims (7)
1. The utility model provides a phased array radar wave control system based on FPGA which characterized in that includes:
the wave control communication unit is used for completing communication of the medium wave control terminal and communication with the information processing machine;
the phase matching value calculation unit is used for calculating the phase shifting value of each channel according to the frequency point number and the wave position number transmitted by the communication instruction, and adding the phase shifting value to the calibration value in Flash to obtain a phase matching parameter of the T/R component;
and the T/R component configuration unit is used for configuring the phase configuration parameters of the T/R component to the TR component and ensuring that the component works as required.
2. The system of claim 1, wherein the wave control communication unit comprises:
the terminal communication and analysis module is communicated with the wave control terminal and analyzes the communication to obtain a working mode, power supply control information, component configuration data, directional diagram test interface information and calibration value lead-in interface information, and wave control state information is transmitted back to the wave control terminal;
the state information feedback module is used for providing state data of the wave control machine in the current working mode to the terminal communication module, and the state data comprises the current working mode, a frequency point number, a wave position number, a software version, a hardware version, calibration value information and a system state;
and the credit communication and analysis module receives an instruction in a normal working mode from the credit machine and simultaneously transmits data in the mode back to the credit machine, wherein the data comprises a self-checking state, a reply software version number, wave control state information, a working state, reply state information and communication error code times, and the wave control state information comprises a TR state, a Flash state and a power state.
3. The system according to claim 1, wherein the phase matching value calculation unit includes:
the Flash control module reads the calibration value from the FLASH and stores the calibration value into the RAM when the system is powered on; when the working mode is the calibration value importing mode, the calibration value importing data is written into the FLASH; erasing the FLASH under a chip erasing instruction of the wave control terminal; outputting version self-checking information, including completion of reading calibration values, hardware version numbers, calibration value version numbers and self-checking information;
the phase shift calculation module is used for calculating a specific phase shift value according to the current frequency point and the wave position number;
and the phase matching and packaging module is used for calculating, calibrating and packaging the phase shift value and the calibration value stored in the FLASH to obtain configuration parameters of each channel, including transmitting phase shift, receiving phase shift, transmitting attenuation, receiving attenuation, transmitting and receiving standby and output channel enable.
4. The system of claim 1, wherein the T/R component configuration unit comprises:
the component time sequence generation module generates a T/R component configuration time sequence and outputs different configuration data according to the working mode;
and the component transmission protection module achieves duty ratio threshold and transmission pulse width protection in index requirements.
5. A phased array radar wave control self-detection method based on FPGA is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step S1, the wave control system comprises a terminal interface which is divided into a serial port setting module, a working mode module, a wave beam switching module, a power supply control module, a calibration value setting module, a calibration parameter setting module and a state display module, and the wave control system tests according to different working modes of the radar during specific application;
step S2, in the calibration value importing mode, erasing the data in the FLASH and importing the required calibration value data;
step S3, in the directional diagram test mode, the terminal is needed to control the frequency point and wave position information of the wave control machine to simulate the actual normal working condition to realize the self-checking function;
step S4, in the calibration test mode, the terminal is required to control the frequency point and the wave position information of the wave controller, so as to simulate the functions of front-end phase matching, wave position calibration, and the like.
6. The method according to claim 5, wherein the step S2 includes:
step S21, performing an operation on the terminal interface: opening a serial port → selecting a working mode as a directional diagram test → setting and sending a frequency point number, a wave position number and a shaped value;
step S22, performing an operation on the terminal interface: setting a component power switch and a transmitting excitation switch and transmitting;
and step S23, detecting whether the direction diagram tested by the front end meets the requirement.
7. The method according to claim 5, wherein the step S3 includes:
step S31, performing an operation on the terminal interface: opening the serial port → selecting the working mode as the calibration test → setting and sending the controlled channel number, the standby option and the phase matching value. (ii) a
Step S32, performing an operation on the terminal interface: setting a component power switch and a transmitting excitation switch and transmitting;
and step S33, detecting whether the phase shift and attenuation of the single channel tested by the front end meet the requirements.
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| CN114205009A (en) * | 2021-12-10 | 2022-03-18 | 上海无线电设备研究所 | FPGA-based digital phased array antenna receiving channel automatic phase matching system and method |
| CN115267685A (en) * | 2022-09-23 | 2022-11-01 | 江苏万邦微电子有限公司 | Built-in microwave signal state data readback TR component wave control module |
| CN117176267A (en) * | 2023-11-01 | 2023-12-05 | 成都华兴大地科技有限公司 | Phased array antenna channel rapid calibration method based on FPGA software |
| CN117590095A (en) * | 2024-01-18 | 2024-02-23 | 成都华兴大地科技有限公司 | Method for rapidly testing directional diagram of phased array antenna based on FPGA software |
| CN117590095B (en) * | 2024-01-18 | 2024-04-19 | 成都华兴大地科技有限公司 | Method for rapidly testing directional diagram of phased array antenna based on FPGA software |
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