CN113622905A - Shale reservoir brittleness evaluation method based on multi-factor comprehensive analysis - Google Patents
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- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 53
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- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 claims description 17
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- 239000002734 clay mineral Substances 0.000 claims description 6
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- E21B49/00—Testing the nature of borehole walls; Formation testing; Methods or apparatus for obtaining samples of soil or well fluids, specially adapted to earth drilling or wells
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Abstract
The invention provides a shale reservoir brittleness evaluation method based on multi-factor comprehensive analysis, which comprises the steps of obtaining mineral brittleness index, hardness value and TOC content of a shale sample by utilizing an X-ray diffraction experiment, a hardness tester test and TOC determination, weighting the three factors by utilizing an analytic hierarchy process to obtain a comprehensive brittleness index calculation formula, and finally calculating to obtain the comprehensive brittleness index, so that the shale reservoir brittleness can be accurately evaluated, the sample preparation difficulty is low, the cost is low, and the shale core sample after the test is completely stored.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of shale reservoir brittleness evaluation, in particular to a shale reservoir brittleness evaluation method based on multi-factor comprehensive analysis.
Background
In recent years, shale oil and gas have become hot spots for exploration and development of unconventional oil and gas resources on a global scale. The physical characteristics of low porosity and low permeability enable the successful exploitation of shale oil and gas to depend on multi-stage volume fracturing transformation to a great extent, and the brittleness of the rock determines the difficulty degree of fracturing and the form of fracturing to a great extent, and is a main factor influencing the fracturing quality and the fracturing effect. Therefore, the brittleness of shale becomes an important indicator of selecting a favorable fracture interval.
Currently, in shale oil and gas reservoir evaluation, the most common brittleness evaluation method is to calculate a brittleness index by using elasticity parameters of shale. The method is characterized in that the Young modulus and the Poisson ratio of the shale are subjected to normalization processing, and the brittleness index of the shale is calculated by taking the average value of the Young modulus and the Poisson ratio. Compared with a mineral composition calculation method, the method is more scientific and reliable, but the method has the defects that the mechanical property test is carried out through a uniaxial fracturing experiment or a triaxial fracturing experiment to obtain parameters such as Young modulus, Poisson ratio and the like, the fracturing experiment can cause the damage of a shale sample, and the subsequent test analysis is difficult to carry out.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention provides a shale reservoir brittleness evaluation method based on multi-factor comprehensive analysis. The mineral brittleness index, the hardness value and the TOC content of the shale sample are obtained by utilizing an X-ray diffraction experiment, a hardness tester for testing and TOC determination, the three factors are weighted by utilizing an analytic hierarchy process, and the comprehensive brittleness index is finally calculated, so that the shale reservoir brittleness can be accurately evaluated, the sample preparation difficulty is low, the cost is low, and the shale core sample after testing is completely stored.
The technical scheme of the invention is realized as follows: the invention provides a shale reservoir brittleness evaluation method based on multi-factor comprehensive analysis, which is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s1, selecting a proper shale sample;
s2, measuring the relative content of the whole rock minerals of the shale sample, and calculating the brittleness index of the minerals;
s3, measuring the hardness value of the shale sample;
s4, measuring the TOC content of the shale sample;
s5, weighting the mineral brittleness index, the hardness value and the TOC content by using an analytic hierarchy process to obtain a comprehensive brittleness index calculation formula;
and S6, calculating the comprehensive brittleness index of shale samples at different depths according to a comprehensive brittleness index calculation formula, and evaluating the brittleness of the shale reservoir.
On the basis of the above technical solution, preferably, in step S2,
in the formula, BI1Is mineral brittleness index, dimensionless, wQuartzIs the mass fraction of quartz, wClay mineralIs the mass fraction of clay mineral, wCarbonate rockIs the mass fraction of carbonate rock.
On the basis of the above technical solution, preferably, in step S2, the relative content measurement mode of the shale sample whole rock minerals is as follows: and obtaining the relative content of the whole rock minerals of the shale sample through an X-ray diffraction experiment.
On the basis of the above technical solution, preferably, in step S3, the instrument for measuring the hardness value of the shale sample is a hardness tester, the hardness tester is used to test a plurality of groups of hardness values, and the average hardness value is taken as the reference value of the hardness of the sample.
Further preferably, in step S3, before the hardness value of the shale sample is measured, a standard hardness block is selected, the hardness is measured by using a hardness tester, and the test value is subjected to zeroing correction.
Based on the above technical solution, preferably, in step S4, the instrument for measuring the TOC content of the shale sample is a TOC determinator.
Based on the above technical solution, preferably, in step S5, the comprehensive brittleness index calculation formula is:
in the formula, BI2Is a comprehensive brittleness index;
Iiis an index of each itemWeighting coefficient of (I)1Is a weighting coefficient of the mineral brittleness index, I2As a weighting factor for hardness values, I3A weighting factor for the TOC content;
cinormalized values for the various factors after normalization, c1Is a normalized value of mineral brittleness index, c2As a normalized value of the hardness value, c3Normalized values for TOC content.
More preferably, in the calculation formula of the comprehensive brittleness index in step S5, the mineral brittleness index and hardness value are normalized positively, and the TOC content is normalized negatively.
More preferably, the step of normalizing the mineral brittleness index parameter value, the hardness parameter value and the TOC content parameter value comprises:
measuring parameter values of three factors, namely mineral brittleness index, hardness value and TOC content of shale samples at different depths, and calculating a standardized value of each factor parameter value through a standardized formula;
the forward normalization formula is:
the negative normalization formula is:
in the formula, PiAnd PjThe standardized value of the parameter value of each factor is dimensionless; xiAnd XjA parameter value that is a factor; xmaxAnd XminThe maximum value and the minimum value of the parameter values of the factors.
More preferably, in step S5, the comprehensive brittleness index calculation formula is:
BI2＝0.0574×c1+0.5783×c2+0.3643×c3。
compared with the prior art, the shale reservoir brittleness evaluation method based on multi-factor comprehensive analysis has the following beneficial effects:
(1) according to the shale reservoir brittleness evaluation method based on multi-factor comprehensive analysis, three factors including the mineral brittleness index, the hardness value and the TOC content are weighted by using an analytic hierarchy process to obtain a comprehensive brittleness index calculation formula, the comprehensive brittleness index is finally calculated, accurate evaluation of shale reservoir brittleness is achieved, sample preparation difficulty is low, cost is low, and a shale core sample after test is completely stored;
(2) according to the shale reservoir brittleness evaluation method based on multi-factor comprehensive analysis, the mineral brittleness index parameter value, the hardness parameter value and the TOC content parameter value are standardized, so that the comprehensive brittleness index is calculated more accurately.
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In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a shale reservoir brittleness evaluation method based on multi-factor comprehensive analysis according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a cross-plot of the hardness versus the brittleness index of the elastic parameter for shale samples of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a cross-plot of mineral friability index and an elastic parameter friability index for shale samples of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a cross-plot of TOC content versus friability index, an elastic parameter, for shale samples of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a cross-plot of the composite friability index and the elasticity parameter friability index for shale samples of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without any inventive step based on the embodiments of the present invention, are within the scope of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1, the embodiment of the invention discloses a shale reservoir brittleness evaluation method based on multi-factor comprehensive analysis, which comprises the following steps:
s1, selecting a proper shale sample;
s2, measuring the relative content of the whole rock minerals of the shale sample, and calculating the brittleness index of the minerals;
s3, measuring the hardness value of the shale sample;
s4, measuring the TOC content of the shale sample;
s5, weighting the mineral brittleness index, the hardness value and the TOC content by using an analytic hierarchy process to obtain a comprehensive brittleness index calculation formula;
and S6, calculating the comprehensive brittleness index of shale samples at different depths according to a comprehensive brittleness index calculation formula, and evaluating the brittleness of the shale reservoir.
Specifically, in step S2,
in the formula, BI1Is mineral brittleness index and has no dimension; w is aQuartzIs the mass fraction of quartz, wClay mineralIs the mass fraction of clay mineral, wCarbonate rockIs the mass fraction of carbonate rock.
The relative content measurement mode of the shale sample whole rock minerals is as follows: and obtaining the relative content of the whole rock minerals of the shale sample through an X-ray diffraction experiment.
In step S3, the instrument for measuring the hardness value of the shale sample is a hardness tester.
Because the shale has strong heterogeneity and the sensitivity of the hardness tester is strong, the test points need to be moved to complete multiple groups of tests when the hardness test is carried out. And testing multiple groups of hardness values by using a hardness tester, and taking the average hardness value as a reference value of the hardness of the sample. Typically 10 points are tested per sample and the average hardness value is taken.
Specifically, the surface of the shale sample used for testing needs to be flat, smooth and clean, and a large rock sample is optimal. The main principle of the hardness tester in hardness testing is to trigger the impact body to impact the surface of a sample, record the speed before impact and the speed after rebound, and express the hardness value by the ratio of the rebound speed to the impact speed. Therefore, in the impact process, firstly, the surface of the sample is ensured to be flat and clean, concave-convex surfaces and rough surfaces are avoided, and secondly, the sample is strictly fixed to prevent shaking. The hardness tester can be an Equotip Bambino hardness tester.
In order to prevent errors in measurement of the hardness value of the shale sample, a standard hardness block is selected before the hardness value of the shale sample is measured, a hardness tester is used for measurement, and the test value is subjected to zero resetting correction.
In step S4, the instrument for measuring the TOC content of the shale sample is a TOC meter.
In step S5, the comprehensive brittleness index calculation formula is:
in the formula, BI2Is a comprehensive brittleness index;
Iias weighting factors for the indices, I1Is a weighting coefficient of the mineral brittleness index, I2As a weighting factor for hardness values, I3A weighting factor for the TOC content;
cinormalized values for the various factors after normalization, c1Is a normalized value of mineral brittleness index, c2As a normalized value of the hardness value, c3Normalized values for TOC content.
Further, in the calculation formula of the comprehensive brittleness index of step S5, the mineral brittleness index and hardness value are normalized positively, and the TOC content is normalized negatively.
Further, the step of standardizing the mineral brittleness index parameter value, the hardness parameter value and the TOC content parameter value comprises the following steps:
measuring parameter values of three factors, namely a mineral brittleness index, a hardness value and TOC content of shale samples at different depths, calculating a standardized value of each factor parameter value through a standardized formula, and enabling the value range of each parameter value to be 0-100;
the forward normalization formula is:
the negative normalization formula is:
in the formula, PiAnd PjThe standardized value of the parameter value of each factor is dimensionless; xiAnd XjA parameter value that is a factor; xmaxAnd XminThe maximum value and the minimum value of the parameter values of the factors.
Further, in step S5, the comprehensive brittleness index calculation formula is:
BI2＝0.0574×c1+0.5783×c2+0.3643×c3。
example (b):
take the Dingshan region DY5 well in Sichuan basin as an example.
(1) And observing the drilling shale core system, and sampling the drilling shale cores at different depths.
(2) Dynamic Young modulus and Poisson's ratio are obtained by calculation by utilizing dipole sound wave and density logging data, and the calculation formula is as follows:
wherein POIS represents Poisson's ratio, YMOD represents Young's modulus, DEN represents density, and V representspRepresenting the velocity, V, of longitudinal wavessRepresenting the shear wave velocity.
Carrying out normalization processing on the Young modulus and the Poisson ratio, and calculating the brittleness index BI of the elastic parameter3The correlation formula is as follows:
in the formula, YMODmaxAt the maximum value of Young's modulus, YMODminIs the minimum of Young's modulus, POISmaxAt the maximum value of the Poisson's ratio, POISminIs the minimum value of the Poisson's ratio, EBITo normalize the treated Young's modulus, vBITo normalize the Poisson's ratio after processing, BI3Is the brittleness index of the elastic parameter.
(3) And analyzing the mineral composition of each sample by using an X-ray diffraction experiment, and calculating by using a brittleness index calculation formula to obtain a mineral brittleness index.
(4) And (3) carrying out hardness test on the core sample by using an Equotip Bambino hardness tester, and testing a plurality of points on each hand specimen sample by considering that the sample has strong heterogeneity, and averaging hardness values.
(5) And determining the TOC content of each core sample by TOC.
(6) The shale samples were analyzed for their hardness, mineral friability index and TOC content in relation to the friability index, a shale reservoir elastic parameter, and the results are shown in figures 2-4.
(7) The results obtained from the above experiments and after standardization are shown in table 1, wherein the mineral brittleness index and hardness are positive indicators, the TOC content is a negative indicator, and the formula used for standardization is as follows:
the forward normalization formula is:
the negative normalization formula is:
TABLE 1 mineral friability index, hardness number, TOC content and standardized processing results for well core samples
(8) Combining the correlation coefficient and the experience recognition of each evaluation index and according to the judgment matrix aijAnd comparing every two of the judgment matrixes by a calibration method and assigning values to obtain a judgment matrix. Wherein, the judgment matrix aijThe scaling method is shown in Table 2 and the decision matrix is shown in Table 3.
TABLE 2 decision matrix aijScale method
| Scale | Means of |
| 1 | Showing the same importance of the two factors compared |
| 3 | Indicating that one factor is slightly more important than the other factor when compared to the |
| 5 | Indicating that one factor is significantly more important than the other factor when compared to the other factor |
| 7 | Indicating that one factor is more important than the other factor |
| 9 | Indicating that one factor is extremely important compared to the |
| 2，4，6，8 | Median value of the above two adjacent judgments |
TABLE 3 decision matrix
| Evaluation parameters | Index of mineral brittleness | Hardness of | TOC content |
| Index of |
1 | 1/8 | 1/8 |
| Hardness of | 8 | 1 | 2 |
| TOC content | 8 | 1/2 | 1 |
(9) And (3) checking the consistency of the judgment matrix, wherein the checking steps are as follows:
calculating a consistency index CI, wherein the calculation formula is as follows:
in the formula, λmaxJudging the maximum eigenvalue of the matrix; n is the order of the decision matrix.
From the table lookup, when the matrix order n is 3, the random consistency index RI is 0.52.
And thirdly, calculating a consistency ratio CR, wherein the calculation formula is as follows:
CR is calculated to be 0.0516<0.1, so the consistency of the decision matrix is acceptable.
(10) Calculating a weight vector W using a square root methodiThe calculation formula is as follows:
in the formula, aijTo determine the elements in the matrix, where i, j ═ 1, 2, …, n; n isThe order of the matrix. The calculation results are shown in table 4.
TABLE 4 weight coefficient calculation results
| Evaluation parameters | Index of mineral brittleness | Hardness of | TOC content | Weight coefficient |
| Index of |
1 | 1/8 | 1/8 | 0.0574 |
| Hardness of | 8 | 1 | 2 | 0.5783 |
| TOC content | 8 | 1/2 | 1 | 0.3643 |
(11) Construction of the comprehensive brittleness index BI using the above equation 42CalculatingThe formula is as follows:
in the formula, BI2The index is a comprehensive brittleness index and has no dimension; i isiA weighting coefficient for each index, i being 1, 2, 3; c. CiThe standard indexes are dimensionless; c. C1Is a normalized value of mineral brittleness index, c2As a normalized value of the hardness value, c3Normalized values for TOC content.
(12) Analysis of shale samples for comprehensive brittleness index BI2And the brittleness index BI of the elastic parameter3The results are shown in FIG. 5.
FIGS. 2-4 are hardness, mineral friability index BI of DY5 well shale samples1And TOC content and brittleness index BI of elastic parameter3The cross-section of (1). Passing hardness parameter value and mineral brittleness index BI of each shale sample1And the TOC content parameter value and the brittleness index BI of the elastic parameter of each shale sample3In the distribution in the figure, it can be seen that the hardness and the mineral brittleness index BI of the well shale sample1And TOC content and brittleness index BI of elastic parameter3The correlation coefficients between the two are respectively 0.66, 0.42 and 0.35, and have certain correlation, but the correlation is poor.
FIG. 5 is the composite friability index BI of DY5 well shale samples2And the brittleness index BI of the elastic parameter3The cross-section of (1). The result shows that the comprehensive brittleness index BI of the well shale sample2And the brittleness index BI of the elastic parameter3The correlation coefficient between them was 0.81. Thus, the mineral brittleness index BI of the shale sample by using the analytic hierarchy process1Weighting the hardness value and the TOC content, and finally calculating the obtained comprehensive brittleness index BI2And the brittleness index BI of the elastic parameter3Highest correlation, comprehensive brittleness index BI2The brittleness of the shale can be well characterized.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.
Claims (10)
1. A shale reservoir brittleness evaluation method based on multi-factor comprehensive analysis is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, selecting a proper shale sample;
s2, measuring the relative content of the whole rock minerals of the shale sample, and calculating the brittleness index of the minerals;
s3, measuring the hardness value of the shale sample;
s4, measuring the TOC content of the shale sample;
s5, weighting the mineral brittleness index, the hardness value and the TOC content by using an analytic hierarchy process to obtain a comprehensive brittleness index calculation formula;
and S6, calculating the comprehensive brittleness index of shale samples at different depths according to a comprehensive brittleness index calculation formula, and evaluating the brittleness of the shale reservoir.
2. The shale reservoir brittleness evaluation method based on the multi-factor comprehensive analysis of claim 1, wherein: in the step S2, in the step S,
in the formula, BI1Is mineral brittleness index, dimensionless, wQuartzIs the mass fraction of quartz, wClay mineralIs the mass fraction of clay mineral, wCarbonate rockIs the mass fraction of carbonate rock.
3. The shale reservoir brittleness evaluation method based on the multi-factor comprehensive analysis as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step S2, the relative content measurement mode of the shale sample whole rock minerals is: and obtaining the relative content of the whole rock minerals of the shale sample through an X-ray diffraction experiment.
4. The shale reservoir brittleness evaluation method based on the multi-factor comprehensive analysis of claim 1, wherein: in step S3, the instrument for measuring the hardness value of the shale sample is a hardness tester, the hardness tester is used to test a plurality of hardness values, and the average hardness value is taken as the reference value of the hardness of the sample.
5. The shale reservoir brittleness evaluation method based on multi-factor comprehensive analysis according to claim 4, wherein: in step S3, before the hardness value of the shale sample is measured, a standard hardness block is selected, a hardness tester is used for measurement, and the zero calibration is performed on the test value.
6. The shale reservoir brittleness evaluation method based on the multi-factor comprehensive analysis of claim 1, wherein: in step S4, the instrument for measuring the TOC content of the shale sample is a TOC meter.
7. The shale reservoir brittleness evaluation method based on multi-factor comprehensive analysis according to claim 1, wherein in step S5, the comprehensive brittleness index calculation formula is:
in the formula, BI2Is a comprehensive brittleness index;
Iias weighting factors for the indices, I1Is a weighting coefficient of the mineral brittleness index, I2As a weighting factor for hardness values, I3A weighting factor for the TOC content;
cinormalized values for the various factors after normalization, c1Is a normalized value of mineral brittleness index, c2As a normalized value of the hardness value, c3Normalized values for TOC content.
8. The shale reservoir brittleness evaluation method based on the multi-factor comprehensive analysis of claim 7, wherein: in the calculation formula of the comprehensive brittleness index of the step S5, the mineral brittleness index and the hardness value are subjected to positive standardization, and the TOC content is subjected to negative standardization.
9. The shale reservoir brittleness evaluation method based on the multifactor comprehensive analysis according to claim 8, wherein the step of standardizing the mineral brittleness index parameter value, the hardness parameter value and the TOC content parameter value comprises the following steps:
measuring parameter values of three factors, namely mineral brittleness index, hardness value and TOC content of shale samples at different depths, and calculating a standardized value of each factor parameter value through a standardized formula;
the forward normalization formula is:
the negative normalization formula is:
in the formula, PiAnd PjThe standardized value of the parameter value of each factor is dimensionless; xiAnd XjA parameter value that is a factor; xmaxAnd XminThe maximum value and the minimum value of the parameter values of the factors.
10. The shale reservoir brittleness evaluation method based on multi-factor comprehensive analysis according to claim 9, wherein in step S5, the comprehensive brittleness index calculation formula is:
BI2＝0.0574×c1+0.5783×c2+0.3643×c3。
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