CN113621959B - Preparation method of cam-tappet pair based on surface strengthening - Google Patents
Preparation method of cam-tappet pair based on surface strengthening Download PDFInfo
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- CN113621959B CN113621959B CN202110842184.6A CN202110842184A CN113621959B CN 113621959 B CN113621959 B CN 113621959B CN 202110842184 A CN202110842184 A CN 202110842184A CN 113621959 B CN113621959 B CN 113621959B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C24/00—Coating starting from inorganic powder
- C23C24/08—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat
- C23C24/10—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat with intermediate formation of a liquid phase in the layer
- C23C24/103—Coating with metallic material, i.e. metals or metal alloys, optionally comprising hard particles, e.g. oxides, carbides or nitrides
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/0093—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring combined with mechanical machining or metal-working covered by other subclasses than B23K
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C27/00—Alloys based on rhenium or a refractory metal not mentioned in groups C22C14/00 or C22C16/00
- C22C27/06—Alloys based on chromium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C30/00—Alloys containing less than 50% by weight of each constituent
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/34—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with more than 1.5% by weight of silicon
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/54—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with boron
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/25—Process efficiency
Abstract
The invention discloses a preparation method of a cam-tappet pair based on surface strengthening, which comprises the steps of carrying out deoiling and derusting treatment on the surface of a steel matrix to obtain a cam matrix and a tappet matrix, irradiating the surfaces of the cam matrix and the tappet matrix at specified positions by utilizing pulse laser to prepare a friction pair with discontinuously distributed enhanced phase pores on the surface, sending iron-based self-fluxing powder into the pores on the surfaces of the cam matrix and the tappet matrix under the action of protective gas flow, and then carrying out laser sintering on the powder in the pores and the matrix around the pores to prepare a cam preform and a tappet preform with discontinuously distributed hard martensite and carbide composite rods on the surface; placing the cam preform and the tappet preform in lime for slow cooling, performing secondary pulse laser drilling on the surfaces of the cam preform and the tappet preform to serve as lubricating holes, and then performing fine processing on the cam preform and the tappet preform to obtain the cam-tappet pair of the hard martensite and carbide composite rod with discontinuous distribution.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of friction materials, and relates to a preparation method of a cam-tappet pair based on surface strengthening.
Background
The cam-tappet pair is an important and sensitive friction pair of a valve train, and the abrasion of the friction pair can influence the normal operation of the whole engine. With the development of modern internal combustion engines in the direction of high speed and heavy load, the wear problem of valve mechanisms becomes more and more serious. The wear of the cam tappet not only affects the air exchange performance of the valve train, but also increases the noise, and finally affects the service life of the whole engine. The cam and the tappet are generally considered to be point-line contact friction pairs mainly based on sliding, the contact stress of the surfaces of the cam and tappet friction pairs is generally large, and the working environment of the cam and the tappet is generally quite harsh, such as high temperature, high speed, variable pressure and the like. The surfaces of the cam and the tappet are easy to rub and wear violently, and further the working precision of the whole valve actuating mechanism is influenced. The wear resistance of a friction pair between a cam and a tappet is improved by a scholars through laser cladding surface repair engineering, special laser cladding alloy powder is selected, and a heat-resistant, wear-resistant and fatigue-resistant surface cladding layer can be prepared through cladding layer component design. In addition, the researchers carry out carburizing or quenching process to improve the surface hardness of the steel so as to enhance the wear resistance between the friction pairs.
In summary, in the prior art, the worn friction pair can be repaired by a laser cladding technology, and the wear resistance of the friction pair can be improved by a carburizing or heat treatment process. However, the following problems still exist in the wear resistance of the friction pair between the cam and the tappet: the laser cladding layers are all high brittle phases, the problems of cracking, falling and the like can occur, and potential safety hazards exist; the working procedures of improving the hardness of the steel plate by carburizing and quenching are complicated, so that the problem of overlarge internal stress of the steel plate can be caused, and the potential safety hazard can not be completely avoided.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a preparation method of a cam-tappet pair based on surface strengthening, and solves the problems that the surface of the cam-tappet pair prepared by the existing method is high in brittleness phase, cracks and falls off, and potential safety hazards exist.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is that the preparation method of the cam-tappet pair based on surface strengthening comprises the following steps:
step 1, carrying out deoiling and derusting treatment on the surface of a steel matrix, and then forging and machining the steel matrix according to the standard sizes of a cam and a tappet to obtain a cam matrix and a tappet matrix;
step 2, irradiating the specified positions of the surfaces of the cam matrix and the tappet matrix by using pulse laser to vaporize the steel matrix at the irradiated positions to form small holes, and manufacturing a friction pair with the surface provided with the non-continuously distributed enhanced phase small holes;
step 3, laser cladding, namely delivering iron-based self-fluxing powder to a powder delivery nozzle through a powder delivery pipeline under the action of protective gas flow, delivering the powder into small holes on the surfaces of a cam matrix and a tappet matrix through the nozzle, and then performing laser sintering on the powder in the small holes and the matrix around the small holes to prepare a cam preform and a tappet preform with discontinuous hard martensite + carbide composite rods distributed on the surfaces;
and 4, placing the cam preform and the tappet preform in lime for slow cooling for 80-100 min, taking out the cam preform and the tappet preform for air cooling to room temperature, performing secondary pulse laser drilling on the surfaces of the cam preform and the tappet preform, wherein the drilled holes are positioned around the hard martensite + carbide composite rod and are used as lubricating holes, and then performing fine processing, grinding, polishing and chamfering on the cam preform and the tappet preform to obtain the cam-tappet pair with the hard martensite + carbide composite rod in discontinuous distribution.
In the step 1, a heating method is adopted to carry out deoiling treatment on the surface of the steel matrix, the surface of the steel matrix is heated to 300-450 ℃, the temperature is kept for 0.5-2 hours, and oil stains are removed.
In the step 2, pulse laser is utilized to irradiate the designated positions on the surfaces of the cam matrix and the tappet matrix, so that the steel matrix at the irradiated positions is vaporized to form small holes, the diameter of the small holes on the surface of the cam matrix is 0.8-1.0 mm, the hole depth is 0.3-3 mm, and the distance between adjacent small holes is 0.1-0.2 mm.
In the step 2, the diameter of the small holes on the surface of the tappet substrate is 0.6-0.8 mm, the hole depth is 0.3-3 mm, and the distance between adjacent small holes is 0.1-0.2 mm.
The iron-based self-fluxing powder is Fe45, Fe55 or Fe65 powder.
Fe45 powder, which comprises 0.5-0.6% of C, 3-4% of Si, 3-4% of B, 12-14% of Cr and 16-18% of Ni by mass percent, and the balance of Fe.
Fe55 powder, which comprises 0.1-0.3% of C, 2.5-3.5% of Si, 1.2-1.8% of B, 1-8% of Cr and 20-35% of Ni by mass percent, and the balance of Fe.
Fe65 powder comprises, by mass, 4-5% of C, 1-2% of Si, 1-2% of B, 40-50% of Cr and 8-12% of Ni, with the balance being Fe.
In step 3, before the iron-based self-fluxing powder is fed into the small holes on the surfaces of the cam matrix and the tappet matrix, preheating treatment is carried out on the cam matrix and the tappet matrix at the temperature of 200-300 ℃.
And 3, performing laser sintering on the powder in the small hole and the matrix around the small hole, wherein in the laser sintering process, the power of a laser is 2-3 kW, the defocusing amount is 35-45 mm, and the powder conveying amount is 7-7.8 g/min.
The beneficial effects of the invention are:
(1) laser drilling is carried out on the surface of a steel matrix of the cam-tappet pair, then iron-based self-fluxing powder is filled in the holes for laser cladding, and only the powder in the small holes and the matrix around the small holes are subjected to laser sintering to prevent a large-area continuous cladding layer from being formed, so that the cracking, oxidation and air hole generation of the iron-based self-fluxing powder cladding layer can be effectively avoided;
(2) carbide can be flexibly introduced into the iron-based self-fluxing powder and the steel matrix in the laser cladding process, and a hard martensite + carbide composite rod is formed on the surface of the steel matrix, so that the dual-enhancement effect of martensite and carbide is achieved;
(3) the iron-based self-fluxing powder has strong compatibility with the steel matrix during cladding, realizes metallurgical bonding of the hard martensite + carbide composite rod with the cam and the tappet, realizes better obdurability matching of the hard martensite + carbide composite rod discontinuously distributed on the surface of the steel matrix and the steel matrix, and overcomes the defects of high hardness, high wear resistance and low toughness of a large-area continuous martensite + carbide cladding layer;
(4) and secondary pulse laser drilling is carried out on the surfaces of the cam preform and the tappet preform and is used as a lubricating hole, and the lubricating hole can play the dual functions of collecting abrasive dust and storing redundant lubricating oil.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to the following embodiments.
Example 1
A preparation method of a cam-tappet pair based on surface strengthening comprises the following steps:
step 1, taking 45 steel as a steel matrix, performing deoiling and derusting treatment on the surface of the steel matrix, performing deoiling treatment on the surface of the steel matrix by adopting a heating method, heating the surface of the steel matrix to 300 ℃, preserving heat for 1 hour, and removing oil stains; then, polishing the surface of the steel matrix to remove rust; forging and machining the steel matrix according to JB/T6728.1-2008 standard sizes of the cam and the tappet to obtain a cam matrix and a tappet matrix;
step 2, irradiating the specified positions of the surfaces of the cam matrix and the tappet matrix by using pulse laser to vaporize the steel matrix at the irradiated positions to form small holes, and manufacturing a friction pair with the surface provided with the non-continuously distributed enhanced phase small holes; the diameter of the small holes on the surface of the tappet substrate is 0.6mm, the hole depth is 0.5mm, and the distance between the adjacent small holes is 0.1 mm; the diameter of the small hole on the surface of the cam substrate is 0.8mm, the hole depth is 1mm, and the distance between the adjacent small holes is 0.2 mm;
step 3, laser cladding, carrying out preheating treatment on the cam matrix and the tappet matrix, wherein the preheating treatment temperature is 220 ℃, the heat preservation time is 1h, then conveying the iron-based self-fluxing powder to a powder conveying nozzle through a powder conveying pipeline under the action of protective gas flow, conveying the powder into small holes on the surfaces of the cam matrix and the tappet matrix through the nozzle, and then carrying out laser sintering on the powder in the small holes and the matrix around the small holes, wherein in the laser sintering process, the power of a laser is 2.5kW, the defocusing amount is 35mm, and the powder conveying amount is 7g/min, so that a cam preform and a tappet preform with a discontinuous hard martensite and carbide composite rod distributed on the surfaces are prepared after sintering;
the iron-based self-fluxing powder is Fe45 powder and Fe45 powder, and comprises 0.6% of C, 3% of Si, 3% of B, 14% of Cr and 16% of Ni according to mass percentage, and the balance of Fe.
The iron-based self-fluxing powder and the steel matrix can flexibly introduce carbides in the laser cladding process, so that the effect of dual enhancement of martensite and carbide is achieved. And the iron-based self-fluxing powder has strong compatibility with the steel matrix during cladding, realizes metallurgical bonding of the hard martensite + carbide composite rod with the cam and the tappet, realizes better obdurability matching of the discontinuously distributed hard martensite + carbide composite rod with the steel matrix, and overcomes the defects of high hardness, high wear resistance and low toughness of a large-area continuous martensite + carbide cladding layer.
Only the powder in the small hole and the matrix around the small hole are subjected to laser sintering, so that a large-area continuous cladding layer is prevented from being formed, and the cracking, oxidation and pore generation of the iron-based self-fluxing powder cladding layer can be effectively avoided.
Step 4, placing the cam preform and the tappet preform in lime for slow cooling for 90min, taking out the cam preform and the tappet preform for air cooling to room temperature, performing secondary pulse laser drilling on the surfaces of the cam preform and the tappet preform, wherein the drilled holes are positioned around the hard martensite + carbide composite rod and are used as lubricating holes, the diameter of each lubricating hole is 0.05mm, the distance between the lubricating holes is 0.1mm, and the depth of each lubricating hole is 0.5mm, and the lubricating holes can play a dual role in collecting abrasive dust and storing redundant lubricating oil; and then finely processing, grinding, polishing and chamfering the cam preform and the tappet preform to obtain the cam-tappet pair of the discontinuously distributed hard martensite + carbide composite rod.
When the cam-tappet pair prepared in the embodiment 1 is detected, the surface proportion of the hard martensite + carbide composite rod on the cam surface is 67%, the surface proportion of the hard martensite + carbide composite rod on the surface of the tappet pair is 62%, the cam hardness can reach HRC59, the tappet hardness can reach HRC56, the use requirement is met, the theoretical service life of the cam-tappet pair is prolonged by 5% compared with that of the traditional cam-tappet pair, and the process yield is as high as 98.9%.
Example 2
A preparation method of a cam-tappet pair based on surface strengthening comprises the following steps:
step 1, 45 steel is used as a steel matrix, deoiling and derusting treatment is carried out on the surface of the steel matrix, deoiling treatment is carried out on the surface of the steel matrix by adopting a heating method, the surface of the steel matrix is heated to 350 ℃, heat preservation is carried out for 2 hours, and oil stain is removed; then, polishing the surface of the steel matrix to remove rust; forging and machining the steel matrix according to JB/T6728.1-2008 standard sizes of the cam and the tappet to obtain a cam matrix and a tappet matrix;
step 2, irradiating the specified positions of the surfaces of the cam matrix and the tappet matrix by using pulse laser to vaporize the steel matrix at the irradiated positions to form small holes, and manufacturing a friction pair with the surface provided with the non-continuously distributed enhanced phase small holes; the diameter of the small holes on the surface of the tappet substrate is 0.7mm, the hole depth is 0.3mm, and the distance between the adjacent small holes is 0.15 mm; the diameter of the small holes on the surface of the cam substrate is 0.9mm, the hole depth is 0.5mm, and the distance between the adjacent small holes is 0.15 mm;
step 3, laser cladding, carrying out preheating treatment on the cam matrix and the tappet matrix, wherein the preheating treatment temperature is 250 ℃, the heat preservation time is 1.5h, then conveying the iron-based self-fluxing powder to a powder conveying nozzle through a powder conveying pipeline under the action of protective gas flow, conveying the powder into small holes on the surfaces of the cam matrix and the tappet matrix through the nozzle, then carrying out laser sintering on the powder in the small holes and the matrix around the small holes, wherein in the laser sintering process, the laser power is 2kW, the defocusing amount is 40mm, and the powder conveying amount is 7.5g/min, and preparing a cam preform and a tappet preform with the surface distributed with discontinuous hard martensite and carbide composite rods after sintering;
the iron-based self-fluxing powder is Fe55 powder and comprises, by mass, 0.2% of C, 3% of Si, 1.5% of B, 6% of Cr and 25% of Ni, and the balance Fe.
Step 4, placing the cam preform and the tappet preform in lime for slow cooling for 80min, taking out the cam preform and the tappet preform for air cooling to room temperature, performing secondary pulse laser drilling on the surfaces of the cam preform and the tappet preform, wherein the drilled holes are positioned around the hard martensite + carbide composite rod and are used as lubricating holes, the diameter of each lubricating hole is 0.05mm, the distance between the lubricating holes is 0.1mm, and the depth of each lubricating hole is 0.5mm, and the lubricating holes can play a dual role in collecting abrasive dust and storing redundant lubricating oil; and then finely processing, grinding, polishing and chamfering the cam preform and the tappet preform to obtain the cam-tappet pair of the discontinuously distributed hard martensite + carbide composite rod.
When the cam-tappet pair prepared in the embodiment 2 is detected, the surface proportion of the hard martensite + carbide composite rod on the cam surface is 63%, the surface proportion of the hard martensite + carbide composite rod on the surface of the tappet pair is 55%, the cam hardness can reach HRC53, the tappet hardness can reach HRC53, the use requirement is met, the theoretical service life of the cam-tappet pair is improved by 3% compared with that of the traditional cam-tappet pair, and the process yield is as high as 98.8%.
Example 3
A preparation method of a cam-tappet pair based on surface strengthening comprises the following steps:
step 1, taking 45 steel as a steel matrix, performing deoiling and derusting treatment on the surface of the steel matrix, performing deoiling treatment on the surface of the steel matrix by adopting a heating method, heating the surface of the steel matrix to 450 ℃, preserving heat for 0.5h, and removing oil stains; then, polishing the surface of the steel matrix to remove rust; forging and machining the steel substrate according to JB/T6728.1-2008 standard sizes of the cam and the tappet to obtain a cam substrate and a tappet substrate;
step 2, irradiating the specified positions of the surfaces of the cam matrix and the tappet matrix by using pulse laser to vaporize the steel matrix at the irradiated positions to form small holes, and manufacturing a friction pair with the surface provided with the non-continuously distributed enhanced phase small holes; the diameter of the small holes on the surface of the tappet substrate is 0.8mm, the hole depth is 3mm, and the distance between the adjacent small holes is 0.2 mm; the diameter of the small holes on the surface of the cam substrate is 1.0mm, the hole depth is 3mm, and the distance between the adjacent small holes is 0.2 mm;
step 3, laser cladding, carrying out preheating treatment on the cam matrix and the tappet matrix, wherein the preheating treatment temperature is 300 ℃, the heat preservation time is 1h, then conveying the iron-based self-fluxing powder to a powder conveying nozzle through a powder conveying pipeline under the action of argon protective gas flow, conveying the powder into small holes on the surfaces of the cam matrix and the tappet matrix through the nozzle, and then carrying out laser sintering on the powder in the small holes and the matrix around the small holes, wherein in the laser sintering process, the laser power is 3kW, the defocusing amount is 45mm, and the powder conveying amount is 7.8g/min, so that a cam preform and a tappet preform with the discontinuous hard martensite and carbide composite rods distributed on the surfaces are prepared after sintering;
the iron-based self-fluxing powder is Fe65 powder and comprises, by mass, 4.5% of C, 1.5% of Si, 2% of B, 45% of Cr and 10% of Ni, and the balance of Fe.
Step 4, placing the cam preform and the tappet preform in lime for slow cooling for 100min, taking out the cam preform and the tappet preform for air cooling to room temperature, performing secondary pulse laser drilling on the surfaces of the cam preform and the tappet preform, wherein the drilled holes are positioned around the hard martensite + carbide composite rod and are used as lubricating holes, the diameter of each lubricating hole is 0.05mm, the distance between the lubricating holes is 0.1mm, and the depth of each lubricating hole is 0.5mm, and the lubricating holes can play a dual role in collecting abrasive dust and storing redundant lubricating oil; and then finely processing, grinding, polishing and chamfering the cam preform and the tappet preform to obtain the cam-tappet pair of the discontinuously distributed hard martensite + carbide composite rod.
By detecting the cam-tappet pair prepared in the embodiment 3, the surface proportion of the hard martensite + carbide composite rod on the cam surface is 75%, the surface proportion of the hard martensite + carbide composite rod on the surface of the tappet pair is 68%, the cam hardness can reach HRC62, the tappet hardness can reach HRC61, the use requirement is met, the theoretical service life of the cam-tappet pair is improved by 6% compared with that of the traditional cam-tappet pair, and the process yield is as high as 98.4%.
Claims (4)
1. A preparation method of a cam-tappet pair based on surface strengthening is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, carrying out deoiling and derusting treatment on the surface of a steel matrix, and then forging and machining the steel matrix according to the standard sizes of a cam and a tappet to obtain the cam matrix and the tappet matrix;
step 2, irradiating the specified positions of the surfaces of the cam matrix and the tappet matrix by using pulse laser to vaporize the steel matrix at the irradiated positions to form small holes, and manufacturing a friction pair with the surface provided with the non-continuously distributed enhanced phase small holes;
step 3, laser cladding, namely delivering iron-based self-fluxing powder and carbide to a powder delivery nozzle through a powder delivery pipeline under the action of protective gas flow, delivering the powder to small holes on the surfaces of the cam matrix and the tappet matrix through the nozzle, and then performing laser sintering on the powder in the small holes and the matrix around the small holes to prepare a cam preform and a tappet preform with the surfaces being discontinuously distributed with hard martensite and carbide composite rods;
step 4, placing the cam preform and the tappet preform in lime for slow cooling for 80-100 min, taking out the cam preform and the tappet preform for air cooling to room temperature, performing secondary pulse laser drilling on the surfaces of the cam preform and the tappet preform, wherein the drilled holes are positioned around the hard martensite + carbide composite rod and are used as lubricating holes, and then performing fine processing, grinding, polishing and chamfering treatment on the cam preform and the tappet preform to obtain a cam-tappet pair with the hard martensite + carbide composite rod in discontinuous distribution;
in the step 2, pulse laser is utilized to irradiate at the appointed positions on the surfaces of the cam matrix and the tappet matrix, so that the steel matrix at the irradiated positions is vaporized to form small holes, the diameter of each small hole on the surface of the cam matrix is 0.8-1.0 mm, the hole depth is 0.3-3 mm, and the distance between every two adjacent small holes is 0.1-0.2 mm;
in the step 2, the diameter of the small holes on the surface of the tappet substrate is 0.6-0.8 mm, the hole depth is 0.3-3 mm, and the distance between the adjacent small holes is 0.1-0.2 mm;
the iron-based self-fluxing powder in the step 3 is Fe45, Fe55 or Fe65 powder;
the Fe45 powder comprises, by mass, 0.5-0.6% of C, 3-4% of Si, 3-4% of B, 12-14% of Cr and 16-18% of Ni, and the balance of Fe;
the Fe55 powder comprises, by mass, 0.1-0.3% of C, 2.5-3.5% of Si, 1.2-1.8% of B, 1-8% of Cr and 20-35% of Ni, with the balance being Fe;
the Fe65 powder comprises, by mass, 4-5% of C, 1-2% of Si, 1-2% of B, 40-50% of Cr and 8-12% of Ni, and the balance of Fe.
2. The preparation method of the cam-tappet pair based on the surface strengthening of the claim 1, wherein in the step 1, the surface of the steel substrate is deoiled by a heating method, the surface of the steel substrate is heated to 300-450 ℃, the temperature is kept for 0.5-2 hours, and oil stains are removed.
3. The method for preparing a cam-tappet pair based on surface strengthening as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step 3, the cam matrix and the tappet matrix are preheated before the iron-based self-fluxing powder is fed into the pores on the surfaces of the cam matrix and the tappet matrix, and the preheating temperature is 200-300 ℃.
4. The preparation method of the cam-tappet pair based on surface strengthening as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step 3, the powder in the small hole and the matrix around the small hole are subjected to laser sintering, and during the laser sintering, the laser power is 2-3 kW, and the defocusing amount is 35-45 mm.
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