CN113620697B - Low-temperature fast-fired ceramic and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Low-temperature fast-fired ceramic and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a low-temperature fast-firing ceramic and a preparation method thereof, wherein the chemical composition of the low-temperature fast-firing ceramic comprises 17.8-18.5% of Al according to mass percentage2O368.5 to 69.5 percent of SiO20.4 to 0.6 percent of CaO, 0.95 to 1.05 percent of MgO and 3.4 to 3.6 percent of K2O, 1.85-1.95% of Na2O and 3.5% -4% of loss on ignition. The low-temperature fast-fired ceramic has the effects of reducing the temperature of a formula by reducing the content of aluminum oxide and introducing high potassium and sodium, and simultaneously, in order to avoid overhigh potassium and sodium and large expansion coefficient, the low-temperature fast-fired ceramic also introduces magnesium oxide to be matched with potassium and sodium for cooling. According to test data of the specific embodiment of the specification, the low-temperature fast-firing ceramic can realize low-temperature fast firing without reducing or even improving the product quality by reducing the content of alumina and the high-potassium-sodium compound magnesia.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of ceramic material sintering, in particular to low-temperature fast-fired ceramic and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The firing temperature of the prior traditional ceramic tile is about 1200 ℃, and the firing time is about 60 min. The firing temperature is higher, the firing time is longer, the carbon emission is higher, and the requirements of energy conservation and emission reduction are not met.
In order to reduce the carbon emission, low-temperature fast-firing ceramics become a hot spot of current research. The ceramic production is a continuous production process with one ring and one ring, one link is adjusted, and all links need to be changed correspondingly.
In order to realize low-temperature fast burning without reducing the product quality, the method is an aim to be realized in the industry.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, there is a need for a low-temperature fast-firing ceramic that can solve the above problems.
In addition, a preparation method of the low-temperature fast-fired ceramic is also needed to be provided.
The low-temperature fast-fired ceramic comprises, by mass, 70-75 parts of ridge material, 23-26 parts of plastic material and 2.6-4 parts of cosolvent;
according to the mass percentage, the chemical composition of the low-temperature fast-fired ceramicComprises 17.8 to 18.5 percent of Al2O368.5 to 69.5 percent of SiO20.4 to 0.6 percent of CaO, 0.95 to 1.05 percent of MgO and 3.4 to 3.6 percent of K2O, 1.85-1.95% of Na2O and 3.5% -4% of loss on ignition.
The preparation method of the low-temperature fast-fired ceramic comprises the following steps:
according to the mass parts, 70-75 parts of ridge material, 23-26 parts of plastic material and 2.6-4 parts of cosolvent are used as raw materials to prepare a blank;
placing the blank body in a kiln, wherein the kiln comprises a preheating section, a first oxidation section, a second oxidation section, a firing section and a cooling section which are connected in sequence, the blank body sequentially passes through the preheating section, the first oxidation section and the second oxidation section, the firing section and the cooling section to obtain the required low-temperature fast-firing ceramic, and the chemical composition of the low-temperature fast-firing ceramic comprises 17.8-18.5% of Al according to mass percentage2O368.5 to 69.5 percent of SiO20.4 to 0.6 percent of CaO, 0.95 to 1.05 percent of MgO and 3.4 to 3.6 percent of K2O, 1.85-1.95% of Na2O and 3.5% -4% of loss on ignition.
The traditional ceramic has high alumina content in chemical composition, thereby improving the sintering temperature and causing large loss on sintering. The chemical composition of the low-temperature fast-firing ceramic reduces the content of alumina, but the low-temperature fast-firing ceramic is easy to deform in the firing process along with the reduction of the content of the alumina, so that high potassium and sodium are introduced into the low-temperature fast-firing ceramic, the effect of reducing the formula temperature is achieved by introducing the high potassium and sodium, and meanwhile, in order to avoid the problems that the potassium and sodium are too high, the expansion coefficient is large and the low-temperature fast-firing ceramic is difficult to be matched with glaze in the aspect of flatness, the low-temperature fast-firing ceramic is also cooled by introducing magnesium oxide and matching with the potassium and sodium.
The low-temperature fast-fired ceramic has the effects of reducing the temperature of a formula by reducing the content of aluminum oxide and introducing high potassium and sodium, and simultaneously, in order to avoid overhigh potassium and sodium and large expansion coefficient, the low-temperature fast-fired ceramic also introduces magnesium oxide to be matched with potassium and sodium for cooling. According to the test data of the specific embodiment part of the specification, the low-temperature fast-firing ceramic can realize low-temperature fast firing without reducing the product quality by reducing the content of alumina and the high-potassium-sodium compound magnesia.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the embodiments or the prior art descriptions will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings can be obtained by those skilled in the art without creative efforts.
Wherein:
fig. 1 is a flowchart of a method for manufacturing a low-temperature, fast-fired ceramic according to an embodiment.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The invention discloses low-temperature fast-fired ceramic which comprises, by mass, 70-75 parts of ridge material, 23-26 parts of plastic material and 2.6-4 parts of cosolvent.
According to the mass percentage, the chemical composition of the low-temperature fast-firing ceramic comprises 17.8 to 18.5 percent of Al2O368.5 to 69.5 percent of SiO20.4 to 0.6 percent of CaO, 0.95 to 1.05 percent of MgO and 3.4 to 3.6 percent of K2O, 1.85-1.95% of Na2O and 3.5% -4% of loss on ignition.
The chemical composition of the low-temperature fast-firing ceramic is one of the key factors for determining whether the low-temperature fast firing can be realized.
The traditional ceramic has high alumina content in chemical composition, thereby improving the sintering temperature and causing large loss on sintering. The chemical composition of the low-temperature fast-firing ceramic reduces the content of alumina, but the low-temperature fast-firing ceramic is easy to deform in the firing process along with the reduction of the content of the alumina, so that high potassium and sodium are introduced into the low-temperature fast-firing ceramic, the effect of reducing the formula temperature is achieved by introducing the high potassium and sodium, and meanwhile, in order to avoid the problems that the potassium and sodium are too high, the expansion coefficient is large and the low-temperature fast-firing ceramic is difficult to be matched with glaze in the aspect of flatness, the low-temperature fast-firing ceramic is also cooled by introducing magnesium oxide and matching with the potassium and sodium.
The low-temperature fast-fired ceramic has the effects of reducing the temperature of a formula by reducing the content of aluminum oxide and introducing high potassium and sodium, and simultaneously, in order to avoid overhigh potassium and sodium and large expansion coefficient, the low-temperature fast-fired ceramic also introduces magnesium oxide to be matched with potassium and sodium for cooling. According to the test data of the specific embodiment part of the specification, the low-temperature fast-firing ceramic can realize low-temperature fast firing without reducing the product quality by reducing the content of alumina and the high-potassium-sodium compound magnesia.
Preferably, in the present embodiment, the 23 to 26 parts of plastic material comprise 0.6 to 1.5 parts of 7# white mud, 3 to 4 parts of high white mud, 5 to 6 parts of Changxiang mud, 5 to 6 parts of 6# high alumina, 6.5 to 7.5 parts of Zhang Gao alumina and 1.6 to 2.5 parts of superplastic soil.
In order to pursue low-temperature fast burning, the addition amount of pug in the plastic material needs to be controlled, so that the pug is required to be good in oxidation, relatively high in strength and easy to peptize. In the embodiment, 7# white mud, high-white mud and Changxiang mud are selected as mud materials, and the prepared slurry has good fluidity, mainly comprises raw ores and has higher volume weight.
Preferably, in the present embodiment, the ridge material in the amount of 70 to 75 parts is 4.5 to 5.5 parts of sodium potassium sand, 13 to 14 parts of medium temperature sand, 8.5 to 9.5 parts of medium temperature sand # 8, 29 to 33 parts of lunar sand, 8.5 to 9.5 parts of high temperature sand, and 4 to 5 parts of polishing slurry.
In order to pursue low-temperature fast firing, the ridge material potassium-sodium sand material is preferably medium-temperature sand or low-temperature sand.
Preferably, in the present embodiment, the 2.6 to 4 parts of the cosolvent are 2 to 3 parts of the magnesium cement and 0.6 to 1.5 parts of the calcined talc.
Magnesium oxide is introduced into the low-temperature fast-fired ceramic through the magnesium mud.
In a particularly preferred embodiment, the low-temperature fast-firing ceramic comprises 5 parts of potassium sodium sand, 13.5 parts of medium-temperature sand, 9 parts of medium-temperature 8# sand, 31 parts of lunar mountain sand, 9 parts of high-temperature sand, 4.5 parts of polishing mud, 1 part of white mud 7#, 3.5 parts of high-white mud, 5.5 parts of Changxiang mud, 5.5 parts of high-alumina 6# sand, 7 parts of high-alumina, 2 parts of superplastic soil, 2.5 parts of magnesium mud and 1 part of calcined talc.
With reference to fig. 1, the present invention also discloses a method for preparing low-temperature fast-fired ceramic according to an embodiment, including the following steps:
s10, preparing a blank by taking 70-75 parts of ridge material, 23-26 parts of plastic material and 2.6-4 parts of cosolvent as raw materials according to parts by mass.
The operation of preparing the blank body by taking 70 to 75 parts of ridge material, 23 to 26 parts of plastic material and 2.6 to 4 parts of cosolvent as raw materials can refer to the routine selection in the field.
Generally, the raw materials are mixed and then ball-milled, and then are prepared into slurry, and the slurry is poured into a mold and pressed into a green body.
In the embodiment, the raw material after ball milling needs to pass through a 250-mesh sieve with the residual of 1 percent, and the raw material powder with the fineness of 1.4 to 1.6 percent is selected.
The selection firstly solves the problem of insufficient processing capacity of the slurry powder in the raw material workshop, secondly avoids the problem of large shrinkage due to good oxidation of the formula, and thirdly achieves the purposes of energy conservation and consumption reduction.
In the embodiment, because the blank oxidation is better than that of a general formula, the problem of black core generation is not needed to be worried about when the forming pressure is increased, after the pressure is increased, the problem of insufficient green strength is firstly solved, secondly, the problem of small size of a die is solved, and thirdly, the increase of the forming pressure is beneficial to improving the breaking strength.
And S20, placing the blank body in a kiln, wherein the kiln comprises a preheating section, a first oxidation section, a second oxidation section, a firing section and a cooling section which are connected in sequence, and the blank body sequentially passes through the preheating section, the first oxidation section, the second oxidation section, the firing section and the cooling section to obtain the required low-temperature fast-firing ceramic.
According to the mass percentage, the chemical composition of the low-temperature fast-firing ceramic comprises 17.8 to 18.5 percent of Al2O368.5 to 69.5 percent of SiO20.4 to 0.6 percent of CaO, 0.95 to 1.05 percent of MgO and 3.4 to 3.6 percent of K2O, 1.85-1.95% of Na2O and 3.5% -4% of loss on ignition.
Preferably, the retention time of the blank in the preheating section is 8-12 min, the retention time of the blank in the first oxidation section is 6-8 min, the retention time of the blank in the second oxidation section is 6-8 min, and the retention time of the blank in the sintering section is 7-9 min.
More preferably, the surface temperature of the preheating section is 890-1020 ℃ and the bottom temperature of the preheating section is 990-1070 ℃.
More preferably, the surface temperature of the first oxidation stage is not ignited, and the bottom temperature of the first oxidation stage is 1010 ℃ to 1060 ℃.
More preferably, the surface temperature of the second oxidation stage is 1060 to 1145 ℃, and the bottom temperature of the second oxidation stage is 1060 to 1160 ℃.
More preferably, the surface temperature of the sintering section is 1160-1180 ℃, and the bottom temperature of the sintering section is 1160-1189 ℃.
In order to achieve the purpose of low-temperature quick firing, besides the formula, the specific firing condition is one of the keys, the firing time is short, the oxidation of the blank, the water absorption of the product, the uniformity of the density and the like are influenced, the control is not good, and a series of defects such as brittle fracture, rebound, pinholes and the like are easy to generate. Therefore, the low-temperature fast firing curve is different from the common firing curve, the medium-front temperature is required to be increased and moved forward, and the high-temperature area is properly reduced and shortened, so that the aims of improving oxidation and brick shape are fulfilled.
Specifically, according to the moving direction of the blank, the surface temperature of the preheating section is gradually increased, and the bottom temperature of the preheating section is increased and then reduced. Such a temperature setting may allow for adequate preheating of the green body.
Specifically, according to the moving direction of the blank, the bottom temperature of the first oxidation section is gradually increased, the surface temperature of the second oxidation section is gradually increased, the bottom temperature of the second oxidation section is gradually increased, the surface temperature of the sintering section is kept at a constant value, and the bottom temperature of the sintering section is kept at a constant value. The temperature setting can uniformly raise the temperature of the blank body and ensure that the oxidation is more sufficient.
The following are specific examples.
Example 1
According to the mass portions, 5 portions of potassium sodium sand, 13.5 portions of medium temperature sand, 9 portions of 8# medium temperature sand, 31 portions of lunar mountain sand, 9 portions of high temperature sand, 4.5 portions of polishing mud, 1 portion of 7# white mud, 3.5 portions of high white mud, 5.5 portions of Changxiang mud, 5.5 portions of 6# high alumina, 7 portions of Zhang Gao alumina, 2 portions of superplastic soil, 2.5 portions of magnesia mud and 1 portion of burnt talc are mixed and then ball-milled, and the mixture is sieved by a 250-mesh sieve to obtain 1% of raw material powder with the fineness of 1.4-1.6%.
The raw material powder is prepared into slurry and then poured into a mould to be pressed into a ceramic tile green body, and the size of the ceramic tile green body is 300mm multiplied by 600mm multiplied by 9 mm.
And placing the ceramic tile green body in a kiln, wherein the kiln comprises a preheating section, a first oxidation section, a second oxidation section, a firing section and a cooling section which are connected in sequence, and the green body sequentially passes through the preheating section, the first oxidation section, the second oxidation section, the firing section and the cooling section to obtain the required low-temperature fast-firing ceramic tile.
Wherein the retention time of the blank in the preheating section is 10min, and according to the moving direction of the blank, the surface temperature of the preheating section is increased from 890 ℃ to 1020 ℃, and the bottom temperature of the preheating section is increased from 990 ℃ to 1070 ℃ and then is reduced to 1020 ℃.
The residence time of the blank in the first oxidation section is 7min, the surface temperature of the first oxidation section is not ignited according to the moving direction of the blank, and the bottom temperature of the first oxidation section is increased from 1010 ℃ to 1060 ℃.
The residence time of the green body in the second oxidation stage is 7min, and according to the moving direction of the green body, the surface temperature of the second oxidation stage is increased from 1060 ℃ to 1145 ℃, and the bottom temperature of the second oxidation stage is increased from 1060 ℃ to 1160 ℃.
The retention time of the green body in the sintering section is 8min, the surface temperature of the sintering section is kept 1180 ℃, and the bottom temperature of the sintering section is kept 1189 ℃.
Example 2
The difference from example 1 is as follows, and the other conditions are not changed.
The retention time of the green body in the preheating section is 10min, the surface temperature of the preheating section is 890-1020 ℃, the bottom temperature of the preheating section is 990-1070 ℃, and according to the moving direction of the green body, the surface temperature of the preheating section is increased from 890 ℃ to 1020 ℃, and the bottom temperature of the preheating section is increased from 990 ℃ to 1020 ℃.
Comparative example 1
The difference from example 1 is that magnesium sludge in the raw material is eliminated.
Test example 1
The low-temperature fast-fired ceramic tiles prepared in examples 1 and 2 and comparative example 1 were subjected to material property characterization to obtain the following table 1.
Table 1: performance data of three low-temperature fast-fired ceramic tiles
| Example 1 | Example 2 | Test example 1 | |
| Mohs hardness | 6.8 | 6.6 | 6.2 |
| Modulus of rupture | 48.21 | 47.26 | 40.12 |
As can be seen from Table 1, the low temperature fast-fired ceramic tiles obtained in example 1 have all properties lower than those of the conventional ceramic tiles, and the low temperature fast-fired ceramic tiles obtained in example 1 have relatively optimal properties.
The above-mentioned embodiments only express several embodiments of the present invention, and the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but not construed as limiting the claims. It should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the inventive concept, which falls within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present patent shall be subject to the appended claims.
Claims (7)
1. The preparation method of the low-temperature fast-fired ceramic is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
according to the mass parts, 70-75 parts of ridge material, 23-26 parts of plastic material and 2.6-4 parts of cosolvent are used as raw materials to prepare a blank;
placing the green body in a kiln, wherein the kiln comprises a preheating section, a first oxidation section, a second oxidation section, a firing section and a cooling section which are connected in sequence, the green body sequentially passes through the preheating section, the first oxidation section and the second oxidation section, the firing section and the cooling section to obtain the required low-temperature fast-firing ceramic, and the chemical composition of the low-temperature fast-firing ceramic comprises 17.8-18.5% of Al in percentage by mass2O368.5% -69.5% of SiO20.4-0.6% of CaO, 0.95-1.05% of MgO and 3.4-3.6% of K2O, 1.85% -1.95% of Na2O and 3.5% -4% of loss on ignition;
the surface temperature of the first oxidation section is not ignited, and the bottom temperature of the first oxidation section is 1010-1060 ℃;
the surface temperature of the second oxidation section is 1060-1145 ℃, and the bottom temperature of the second oxidation section is 1060-1160 ℃;
the retention time of the blank body in the preheating section is 8-12 min, the retention time of the blank body in the first oxidation section is 6-8 min, the retention time of the blank body in the second oxidation section is 6-8 min, and the retention time of the blank body in the firing section is 7-9 min;
the surface temperature of the preheating section is 890-1020 ℃, and the bottom temperature of the preheating section is 990-1070 ℃;
the surface temperature of the sintering section is 1160-1180 ℃, and the bottom temperature of the sintering section is 1160-1189 ℃.
2. The preparation method of the low-temperature fast-fired ceramic according to claim 1, wherein 23 to 26 parts of the plastic material comprise 0.6 to 1.5 parts of 7# white mud, 3 to 4 parts of high white mud, 5 to 6 parts of Changxiang mud, 5 to 6 parts of 6# high alumina, 6.5 to 7.5 parts of Zhang Gao alumina and 1.6 to 2.5 parts of strong plastic soil.
3. The method for preparing low-temperature fast-fired ceramic according to claim 2, wherein 70 to 75 parts of the ridge material comprises 4.5 to 5.5 parts of potassium sodium sand, 13 to 14 parts of medium temperature sand, 8.5 to 9.5 parts of medium temperature No. 8 sand, 29 to 33 parts of lunar mountain sand, 8.5 to 9.5 parts of high temperature sand and 4 to 5 parts of polishing mud.
4. The method for preparing the low-temperature fast-fired ceramic according to claim 3, wherein the cosolvent in an amount of 2.6-4 parts is magnesium mud in an amount of 2-3 parts and talc in an amount of 0.6-1.5 parts.
5. The method for preparing low-temperature fast-firing ceramics according to claim 4, wherein the low-temperature fast-firing ceramics comprises 5 parts of potassium sodium sand, 13.5 parts of medium-temperature sand, 9 parts of medium-temperature sand No. 8, 31 parts of Mount lunar sand, 9 parts of high-temperature sand, 4.5 parts of polishing mud, 1 part of white mud No. 7, 3.5 parts of white mud high, 5.5 parts of Changxiang mud, 5.5 parts of high aluminum No. 6, 7 parts of GangGao aluminum, 2 parts of superplastic soil, 2.5 parts of magnesium mud and 1 part of firing talc.
6. The method for preparing low-temperature fast-firing ceramic according to claim 1, wherein the surface temperature of the preheating section is gradually increased and the bottom temperature of the preheating section is increased and then decreased according to the moving direction of the green body.
7. The method for preparing the low-temperature fast-firing ceramic according to claim 1, wherein the bottom temperature of the first oxidation stage is gradually increased, the surface temperature of the second oxidation stage is gradually increased, the bottom temperature of the second oxidation stage is gradually increased, the surface temperature of the firing stage is kept constant, and the bottom temperature of the firing stage is kept constant according to the moving direction of the green body.
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