CN113620616B - Method for producing cementing material from Bayer process red mud and concrete admixture - Google Patents
Method for producing cementing material from Bayer process red mud and concrete admixture Download PDFInfo
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- CN113620616B CN113620616B CN202010380616.1A CN202010380616A CN113620616B CN 113620616 B CN113620616 B CN 113620616B CN 202010380616 A CN202010380616 A CN 202010380616A CN 113620616 B CN113620616 B CN 113620616B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B7/00—Hydraulic cements
- C04B7/14—Cements containing slag
- C04B7/147—Metallurgical slag
- C04B7/153—Mixtures thereof with other inorganic cementitious materials or other activators
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B7/00—Hydraulic cements
- C04B7/36—Manufacture of hydraulic cements in general
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P40/00—Technologies relating to the processing of minerals
- Y02P40/10—Production of cement, e.g. improving or optimising the production methods; Cement grinding
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Abstract
Bayer processThe method for producing the cementing material from the red mud and the concrete admixture comprise the following steps: s1, reduction treatment: adding iron-reducing bacteria into Bayer process red mud, and adding Fe in the Bayer process red mud 3+ Reducing to magnetite to prepare a red mud matrix; s2, dehydration treatment: the water content of the red mud matrix is reduced to 10-15%; s3, mixing: mixing the dehydrated red mud matrix with steel slag particles to form a mixture; s4, subsequent processing: crushing the mixture, magnetically separating and grinding to form the cementing material. The concrete admixture comprises the cementing material prepared by the method. The method for producing the cementing material from the Bayer process red mud realizes the reutilization of waste residue Bayer process red mud and steel slag, and reduces the resource waste and the environmental pollution caused by the Bayer process red mud and the steel slag. The prepared cementing material is used as a concrete admixture, and can obviously improve the strength of concrete when being applied to the preparation of concrete.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of red mud treatment, in particular to a method for producing a cementing material from Bayer process red mud and a concrete admixture.
Background
The red mud is a pollution waste residue discharged when alumina is extracted in the aluminum production industry, and generally, 1.0-2.0 tons of red mud is additionally produced per 1 ton of alumina produced on average. The red mud is discharged about 6000 ten thousand tons every year worldwide, and the comprehensive utilization rate is only about 15 percent. At present, the production method of alumina mainly comprises three methods of a sintering method, a Bayer method and a combination method, wherein the three red mud types have higher contents of calcium oxide and silicon dioxide in the sintering method red mud and the combination method red mud, are suitable for manufacturing building materials, have relatively higher comprehensive utilization rate, and are rich in Fe (OH) in the Bayer method red mud 3 Gel and Al (OH) 3 The gel has the advantages that the red mud is strong in water retention, difficult to dry and high in dehydration energy consumption, tens of methods are proposed by the comprehensive utilization of the red mud of the Bayer process in many countries for 40 years, but most of the methods do not meet the requirements of industrial production, so that the comprehensive utilization rate of the red mud of the Bayer process is the lowest in three red mud types, and the red mud is hardly effectively utilized.
China is used as a large country for alumina production, and the annual discharge of red mud is up to millions of tons. A large amount of red mud cannot be fully and effectively utilized, and can only be piled up by means of a large-area yard, so that not only does the piled up red mud occupy land resources, but also alkali, sodium, aluminum, fluoride, rare metals and the like in the red mud can enter groundwater along with percolate, and cause certain harm to human bodies. In addition, the high alkalinity of the red mud also can pollute the water quality and cause certain harm to human, animals and plants. The production of the red mud has caused various direct and indirect influences on the production and life of human beings, so the production and harm of the red mud are reduced to the maximum extent, and the realization of multi-channel and large-quantity recycling is urgent.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide a method for producing a cementing material by effectively utilizing Bayer process red mud and a concrete admixture converted by utilizing Bayer process red mud.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a method for producing a cementing material from Bayer process red mud comprises the following steps:
s1, reduction treatment: adding iron-reducing bacteria into Bayer process red mud, and adding Fe in the Bayer process red mud 3+ Reducing to magnetite to prepare a red mud matrix;
s2, dehydration treatment: the water content of the red mud matrix is 10 to 15 percent after the red mud matrix is dehydrated;
s3, mixing: mixing the dehydrated red mud matrix with steel slag particles to form a mixture;
s4, subsequent processing: crushing the mixture, magnetically separating and grinding to form the cementing material.
Preferably, the iron-reducing bacteria in the S1 reduction treatment is Shewanellapiezotolerans WP3 of Shewanella, and the Shewanellapiezotolerans WP strain reduces Fe in Bayer process red mud in a high pressure vessel 3+ 。
Preferably, the iron-reducing bacteria added in the S1 reduction treatment is a culture solution of Shewanellapiezotolerans WP strain, and the concentration of Shewanellapiezotolerans WP strain in the culture solution is 10 7 CFU/ml to 10 6 The mass of the culture solution added in the reduction treatment of the CFU/ml is 3-8% of the mass of the Bayer process red mud.
Preferably, the concentration of the Shewanellapiezotolerans WP strain in the culture solution added by the S1 reduction treatment is 10 6 CFU/ml, the culture solution quality is the Bayer5% of the mass of the red mud.
Preferably, in the S1 reduction treatment, the hydrostatic pressure in the high-pressure vessel is 1 to 5MPa, and the temperature in the high-pressure vessel is 10 to 15 ℃.
Preferably, in the S1 reduction treatment, the reaction time of the Shewanellapiezotolerans WP strain and the Bayer process red mud in the high-pressure container is 47-72 hours.
Preferably, the S2 water loss treatment is to stack the red mud matrix naturally for 3-5 days until the water content in the red mud matrix is 10-15%.
Preferably, in the S3 mixing treatment, the mass ratio of the red mud matrix to the steel slag particles is 2:1.
Preferably, the steel slag particles in the S3 mixing treatment are high-alkalinity steel slag particles, the alkalinity of the steel slag particles is not lower than 3mmol/L, and the particle size is 3-5 mm.
Preferably, the temperature of the steel slag particles in the S3 mixing treatment is 150-200 ℃.
Preferably, the grinding in the subsequent treatment of S4 is vertical mill grinding, the temperature of hot air in the vertical mill is 600-800 ℃, and the mixture vertical mill grinding is carried out until the specific surface area is 400-500 m 2 /kg。
A concrete admixture comprising the cementitious material produced by any one of the methods described above.
Preferably, the concrete admixture comprises cement and the binder is used to replace 5% -20% of the cement, i.e. the mass ratio of cement to binder in the concrete admixture is from 4:1 to 19:1.
According to the method for producing the cementing material from the Bayer process red mud, disclosed by the invention, the Bayer process red mud is subjected to biochemical treatment by iron reducing bacteria, so that Fe is obtained 3+ Converted into magnetite particles, and decomposed Fe (OH) in the red mud 3 And (3) gelling, further removing water in the red mud through dehydration treatment and mixing treatment, and finally obtaining the cementing material through subsequent crushing, magnetic separation and grinding. The reduction method of biochemical treatment in the method has no pollution, the subsequent dehydration treatment does not consume energy, and the industrial solid waste steel slag is effectively utilized.
The invention also provides a concrete admixture, which comprises the cementing material prepared by the method, and the cementing material is applied to the preparation process of concrete, so that the strength of the concrete is obviously improved, and the cementing material has a very good application effect. The invention has the advantages of low energy consumption and strong popularization, realizes the reutilization of the industrial pollution waste residue Bayer process red mud and the industrial solid waste steel slag, and reduces the resource waste, the environmental pressure and the influence on the life of people caused by the Bayer process red mud and the steel slag.
Detailed Description
Specific embodiments of the bayer process red mud production cement and a concrete admixture of the present invention are further described below in conjunction with examples one to three. The method for producing a cement from bayer process red mud according to the present invention and a concrete admixture are not limited to the description of the following examples.
Embodiment one:
the embodiment provides a method for producing a cementing material from bayer process red mud, which sequentially comprises S1 reduction treatment, S2 dehydration treatment, S3 mixing treatment and S4 subsequent treatment. The specific operation of the S1 reduction treatment is as follows: adding iron-reducing bacteria into Bayer process red mud, and adding Fe in the Bayer process red mud 3+ Reducing to magnetite to prepare a red mud matrix; the specific operation of S2 water loss treatment is as follows: the water content of the red mud matrix is 10 to 15 percent after the red mud matrix is dehydrated; the specific operation of the S3 mixing treatment is as follows: mixing the dehydrated red mud matrix with steel slag particles to form a mixture; the specific operation of the S4 post-treatment is as follows: and (3) sequentially crushing, magnetically separating and grinding the mixture to finally form the cementing material.
Bayer process red mud is rich in a large amount of Fe (OH) 3 Colloid, fe (OH) 3 The colloid contains a large amount of Fe 3+ Through detection, the components of the Bayer process red mud selected in the embodiment are specifically Al 2 O 3 14.3% of Fe 2 O 3 (Fe 3+ In terms of total content of Fe 2 O 3 Form characterization of (c) of 57.0%, siO 2 5.95% of Na 2 The O is 3.4%, and of course, the method for producing the cementing material from bayer process red mud in this embodiment is not limited to red mud of this component, and the method in this embodiment can be applied to bayer process red mud of different component forms. General purpose medicineThe Fe in the Bayer process red mud is subjected to S1 reduction treatment step under the action of iron reducing bacteria 3+ Reduced to magnetite particles with higher magnetism, the iron-reducing bacteria of the present example are strains Shewanellapiezotolerans WP, shewanellapiezotolerans WP3 of Shewanella, which have reducibility in high pressure environment and can reduce Fe 3+ Reducing into magnetite particles. Of course, other iron-reducing bacteria may be employed.
Specifically, 100 kg of Bayer process red mud is taken and placed in a high-pressure container, and a culture solution of Shewanellapiezotolerans WP strain 3 is added into the high-pressure container, wherein the concentration of Shewanellapiezotolerans WP strain 3 in the culture solution is 10 6 CFU/ml, the mass of the added culture solution is 3% of the mass of the red mud, i.e. the mass of the added culture solution is 3 kg. The hydrostatic pressure of the high-pressure container is controlled between 1 and 5MPa, the temperature in the high-pressure container is kept between 10 and 15 ℃, and Fe in Bayer process red mud is reacted for 60 hours 3+ The magnetite particles are completely reduced in a high-pressure environment, and the magnetite particles are nucleated and grow up in the high-pressure environment and have a certain granularity. Along with Fe (OH) in red mud 3 The gel content is continuously reduced, the water retention of the red mud is obviously reduced, the viscosity is reduced, the water in the red mud is naturally settled, and the red mud matrix is obtained in a high-pressure container.
The red mud matrix is separated from the high-pressure container, so that the red mud matrix is in a normal-pressure environment, and the Shewanella pi zotoleransWP3 strain can lose the reduction activity in the normal-pressure environment and cannot influence the subsequent application of the red mud. And naturally stacking the red mud matrix for 3 days until the water content of the red mud matrix is reduced to 10-15%, and finishing S2 water loss treatment. Of course, in this embodiment, the S2 dehydration treatment may be performed by using a centrifuge or the like to remove the water in the red mud matrix, but this method consumes a relatively high amount of energy.
The dehydrated red mud matrix is mixed with steel slag particles for S3 mixing treatment, the steel slag particles are high-alkalinity steel slag particles, the alkalinity is 3mmol/L, the particle size is 3-5 mm, the alkalinity requirement of the steel slag particles in the embodiment is not lower than 3mmol/L, the higher the alkalinity of the steel slag is, the higher the activity of the steel slag is, the alkalinity of converter steel slag of a large-scale steel factory in the industry is generally above 3mmol/L, and the embodiment can be adopted for most of the steel slag in industrial production.
The red mud and the steel slag particles are mixed according to the mass ratio of 2:1, the steel slag particles are heated to the temperature of 150-200 ℃, the red mud and the steel slag particles are mixed, the water in the red mud is evaporated by the steel slag particles with higher temperature, the water in the red mud is absorbed by the porous steel slag particles, the water in the red mud is greatly reduced, and the mixture of the steel slag particles and the red mud integrally shows the physical properties of powdery materials.
The method in the embodiment not only realizes the reutilization of the waste residue Bayer process red mud, but also solves the discharge problem of a part of industrial solid waste steel slag, and reduces the resource waste and the environmental pollution caused by the Bayer process red mud and the steel slag.
Crushing the mixture of the steel slag and the red mud, and then magnetically separating to remove magnetite particles in the red mud and simple substance iron particles in the steel slag particles, wherein the mixed material of the red mud and the steel slag after the magnetic separation enters a vertical mill for grinding until the specific surface area is 400-500 m 2 And (3) per Kg, namely the cementing material.
The cementing material is mainly composed of silicon oxide and aluminum oxide, is similar to fly ash, has higher soluble alkali content and has a certain excitation effect on the pozzolan reaction of steel slag. The cementing material can be used as a concrete admixture, and the activity of the cementing material is between that of fly ash and mineral powder. Because the components of the cement mixture are similar to those of the concrete admixture, the cementing material prepared by the embodiment can also be used as the cement mixture.
Example two
S1, reduction treatment: placing 100 kg of Bayer process red mud into a high-pressure container, adding a culture solution of Shewanellapiezotolerans WP strain into the high-pressure container, wherein the concentration of Shewanellapiezotolerans WP strain in the culture solution is 10 7 CFU/ml, the mass of the added culture solution is 5% of the mass of the red mud, namely, the mass of the added culture solution is 5 kg. The hydrostatic pressure of the high-pressure container is controlled between 1 and 5MPa, the temperature in the high-pressure container is controlled between 10 and 15 ℃, and Fe in Bayer process red mud is reacted for 48 hours 3+ And (3) completely reducing to form a red mud matrix.
S2, dehydration treatment: the red mud matrix is separated from the high-pressure container, so that the red mud matrix is in a normal-pressure environment, and the Shewanellapiezotolerans WP strain loses the reduction activity in the normal-pressure environment. Naturally stacking the red mud under normal temperature and normal pressure for 4 days until the water content of the red mud matrix is reduced to 10-15%.
S3, mixing: the dehydrated red mud matrix is mixed with steel slag particles, the steel slag particles are high-alkalinity steel slag particles, the alkalinity of the steel slag particles is 4mmol/L, the particle size is 3-5 mm, the red mud and the steel slag particles are mixed according to the mass ratio of 2:1, the temperature of the steel slag particles is 150-200 ℃, the water content in the red mud is greatly reduced after the mixing, and the mixture of the steel slag particles and the red mud integrally shows the physical properties of powdery materials.
S4, subsequent processing: crushing the mixture of the steel slag and the red mud, then magnetically separating to remove magnetite particles in the red mud and simple substance iron particles in the steel slag particles, and grinding the mixed material of the red mud and the steel slag after the magnetic separation in a vertical mill until the specific surface area is 400-500 m 2 And (3) per Kg, namely the cementing material.
The cementing material can be used as a cement mixing material or a concrete admixture, and the activity of the cementing material is between that of fly ash and mineral powder.
Example III
S1, reduction treatment: placing 100 kg of Bayer process red mud into a high-pressure container, adding a culture solution of Shewanellapiezotolerans WP strain into the high-pressure container, wherein the concentration of Shewanellapiezotolerans WP strain in the culture solution is 10 6 CFU/ml, the mass of the added culture solution is 8% of the mass of the red mud, namely, the mass of the added culture solution is 8 kg. The hydrostatic pressure of the high-pressure container is controlled between 1 and 5MPa, the temperature in the high-pressure container is controlled between 10 and 15 ℃, and Fe in Bayer process red mud is reacted for 47 hours 3+ And (3) completely reducing to form a red mud matrix.
S2, dehydration treatment: the red mud matrix is taken out from the high-pressure container, so that the red mud matrix is in a normal-pressure environment, and the Shewanellapiezotolerans WP strain loses the reduction activity in the normal-pressure environment. And naturally stacking the red mud matrix for 5 days until the water content of the red mud matrix is reduced to 10-15%.
S3, mixing: the dehydrated red mud matrix is mixed with steel slag particles, the steel slag particles are high-alkalinity steel slag particles, the alkalinity of the steel slag particles is 3mmol/L, the particle size is 3-5 mm, the red mud and the steel slag particles are mixed according to the mass ratio of 2:1, the temperature of the steel slag particles is 150-200 ℃, the water content in the red mud is greatly reduced after the mixing, and the mixture of the steel slag particles and the red mud integrally shows the physical properties of powdery materials.
S4, subsequent processing: crushing the mixture of the steel slag and the red mud, and then magnetically separating to remove magnetite particles in the red mud and simple substance iron particles in the steel slag particles, wherein the mixture of the red mud and the steel slag after the magnetic separation enters a vertical mill for grinding until the specific surface area is 400-500 m 2 And (3) per Kg, namely the cementing material.
The cementing material can be used as a cement mixing material or a concrete admixture, and the activity of the cementing material is between that of fly ash and mineral powder.
The cement was prepared according to examples one to three, wherein in the steps of the reduction treatment of S1 in examples one to three, the addition mass of the culture solution of strain Shewanellapiezotolerans WP was 3%, 5% and 8% of the mass of Bayer process red mud, respectively, and the more the culture solutions of strain 60h, 48h and 47h,Shewanellapiezotolerans WP3 were added to the reaction in the reduction treatment, the shorter the reaction time was in the reduction treatment, but the reaction time of the culture solution of strain Shewanellapiezotolerans WP added to 8% of the mass of Bayer process red mud was shortened by 1 hour as compared with the culture solution of strain Shewanellapiezotolerans WP added to 5% of the mass of Bayer process red mud, so the method of the present embodiment was Shewanellapiezotolerans WP3 (strain concentration 10 6 CFU/ml) is preferably 5% of the bayer process red mud mass.
The cement materials prepared in examples one to three were prepared as concrete admixture in an amount of 10% cement substitution, and the prepared concrete was subjected to strength test, and the test results are shown in table 1:
| sample of | Compression strength in 7 days | Compressive strength for 28 days |
| Blank space | 33.5 | 45.2 |
| Example 1 | 38.7 | 52.8 |
| Example two | 38.5 | 52.4 |
| Example III | 39.5 | 53.8 |
TABLE 1
As can be seen from the test results, the 7-day strength of the concrete prepared by taking the cementing material prepared in the embodiment as the concrete admixture is improved by 15-18% compared with that of the concrete in a blank experiment, and the 28-day strength is improved by 15-20%, so that the cementing material prepared by the method in the embodiment has a very good application effect in the construction industry.
The method is adopted to recycle the Bayer process red mud, and Fe in the Bayer process red mud 3+ The biochemical treatment method is adopted to realize reduction, no pollution is caused, the procedures of dehydration treatment, mixing treatment and subsequent treatment are simpler, and a large amount of energy is not required to be consumed, so the method for producing the cementing material by using the Bayer process red mud can be usedIs widely applied.
The invention also provides a concrete admixture, which comprises the cementing material prepared by the method, and the cementing material is applied to the preparation process of concrete, so that the strength of the concrete is obviously improved, and the cementing material has a very good application effect. The invention has the advantages of low energy consumption and strong popularization, realizes the reutilization of the industrial pollution waste residue Bayer process red mud and the industrial solid waste steel slag, and reduces the resource waste, the environmental pressure and the influence on the life of people caused by the Bayer process red mud and the steel slag. Preferably, when the cementing material is used as a concrete admixture, 5-20% of cement substitution is replaced, namely, the cost is reduced, the strength of concrete can be improved, and more preferably 10% of cement substitution is realized. Namely, in the concrete admixture, the preferable mass ratio of cement to the cement-producing cementing material produced by the Bayer process red mud is 4:1 to 19:1, and the more preferable mass ratio is 9:1. Of course, concrete admixtures of other ratio ranges for producing cementing materials by using the Bayer process red mud of the invention also belong to the protection scope of the invention.
The foregoing is a further detailed description of the invention in connection with the preferred embodiments, and it is not intended that the invention be limited to the specific embodiments described. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that several simple deductions or substitutions may be made without departing from the spirit of the invention, and these should be considered to be within the scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. A method for producing a cementing material from Bayer process red mud is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, reduction treatment: adding iron-reducing bacteria into Bayer process red mud, and adding Fe in the Bayer process red mud 3+ Reducing to magnetite to prepare a red mud matrix;
s2, dehydration treatment: the water content of the red mud matrix is 10 to 15 percent after the red mud matrix is dehydrated;
s3, mixing: mixing the dehydrated red mud matrix with steel slag particles to form a mixture;
s4, subsequent processing: crushing the mixture, magnetically separating and grinding to form the cementing material.
2. The method for producing a cementing material from bayer process red mud according to claim 1, wherein the iron-reducing bacteria in the S1 reduction treatment are Shewanellapiezotolerans WP3 of the genus shiwanella, and the Shewanellapiezotolerans WP strain reduces Fe in bayer process red mud in a high-pressure vessel 3+ 。
3. A method for producing a cementing material from bayer process red mud according to claim 2, wherein the iron-reducing bacteria added in the S1 reduction treatment is a culture solution of Shewanellapiezotolerans WP strain, and the concentration of Shewanellapiezotolerans WP strain 3 in the culture solution is 10 7 CFU/ml to 10 6 The mass of the culture solution added in the reduction treatment of the CFU/ml is 3-8% of the mass of the Bayer process red mud.
4. A method for producing a cementing material from bayer process red mud according to claim 3, wherein the concentration of Shewanellapiezotolerans WP strain in the culture solution added by the S1 reduction treatment is 10 6 The mass of the culture solution is 5% of the mass of the Bayer process red mud.
5. The method for producing a cementing material from bayer process red mud according to claim 2, wherein in the S1 reduction treatment, the hydrostatic pressure in the high-pressure vessel is 1-5 MPa, the temperature in the high-pressure vessel is 10-15 ℃, and the reaction time of Shewanellapiezotolerans WP3 strain and bayer process red mud in the high-pressure vessel is 47-72 h.
6. The method for producing the cementing material by using the Bayer process red mud according to claim 1, wherein the S2 water loss treatment is to naturally stack the red mud matrix for 3-5 days until the water content in the red mud matrix is 10-15%.
7. The method for producing cementing materials by Bayer process red mud according to claim 1, wherein the mass ratio of the red mud matrix to the steel slag particles in the S3 mixing treatment is 2:1.
8. The method for producing a cementing material from bayer process red mud according to claim 1 or 7, wherein the steel slag particles in the S3 mixing treatment are high-alkalinity steel slag particles, the alkalinity of the steel slag particles is not lower than 3mmol/L, the particle size is 3-5 mm, and the temperature of the steel slag particles in the S3 mixing treatment is 150-200 ℃; the grinding in the subsequent treatment of S4 is vertical mill grinding, the temperature of hot air in the vertical mill is 600-800 ℃, and the mixture vertical mill grinding is carried out until the specific surface area is 400-500 m 2 /kg。
9. A concrete admixture characterized by comprising a cementing material prepared by the method for producing the cementing material from bayer process red mud according to any one of claims 1 to 8.
10. The concrete admixture according to claim 9, comprising cement, the cement being used in place of 5% -20% cement, i.e. the mass ratio of cement to cement in the concrete admixture is 4:1 to 19:1.
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| CN103397128A (en) * | 2013-08-02 | 2013-11-20 | 北京科技大学 | Method used for extracting iron from red mud by drastic reduction and method used for preparing gel material from secondary tailings |
| CN107311479A (en) * | 2017-06-21 | 2017-11-03 | 北京科技大学 | The method that iron oxide synchronously improves inorganic component activity in biomass reduction red mud |
| CN110240439A (en) * | 2019-06-28 | 2019-09-17 | 湖北工业大学 | A kind of preparation method of the luminous ecological substrate of the cured high-strength light of microorganism |
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