CN113618400A

CN113618400A - Small-size manual and electronic drilling, tapping, milling machine

Info

Publication number: CN113618400A
Application number: CN202010399846.2A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 黄钢仕
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2020-05-07
Filing date: 2020-05-07
Publication date: 2021-11-09

Abstract

The invention discloses a small-sized desktop capable of drilling, tapping and milling grooves and faces on metal. The power of the electric drill is an electric hand drill, when the electric machine is powered, a round hole with the size of 2-13mm can be drilled on an iron drill, a screw hole with the size of 3-6mm can be tapped, a screw hole with the size below 13mm can be tapped manually, a cross-shaped dragging plate is arranged on a bedplate of the electric machine, a groove milling and plane milling can be carried out on a metal material by means of a machine spindle positioning device, pressure is applied downwards by an operating rod with a lever structure, drilling and tapping are enabled to be easy and fast, and a support of the electric machine can ensure that the drilling, tapping and plane milling have good verticality. The machine has multiple functions, light weight, low price and convenient carrying, and is very suitable for storefronts, small factories and individuals.

Description

Small-size manual and electronic drilling, tapping, milling machine

Technical Field

The invention relates to a small-sized manual and electric combined table type machine tool for drilling, tapping a screw hole and milling a groove and a milling surface, in particular to a bracket, an outrigger, a main shaft assembly, a connecting frame, a supporting plate and a pressing plate of the machine tool.

Background

In machining of a plurality of individuals, shops and small workshops, holes are often drilled, tapped and milled on materials such as iron, aluminum and copper, the batch of the holes and the tapping is not large, a milling machine and a bench tapping machine occupy too much work space and are not economical to buy, the price of the cheapest bench tapping machine is over 800 yuan, and the total price of the bench tapping machine and the milling machine is 2000 yuan. The market has a 400 yuan of hand-held type pneumatic tapper, joins in marriage air compressor and air cleaner and air pipe joint, electric drill after, also spends 1000 yuan, and hand-held type bores the hole, the tapping, and it is all relatively poor to hang down straightness, causes the screw of screwing up often askew, influences fastening quality, and intensity of labour is great simultaneously. At present, the speed-regulating high-power electric hand drill capable of rotating forward and backward has the power of more than 600W and reaches the torque force required for tapping a screw hole with the diameter of less than 6mm, however, the high-power electric hand drill is heavier than a handheld pneumatic tapping machine, and the working torque is also larger, so that the labor intensity of hand-held drilling and tapping is high, particularly during tapping, perpendicularity and concentricity are difficult to control, the tapped screw hole is mostly skew, high-frequency swing occurs when tapping can not be effectively controlled by hands, frequent thread clamping of the screw tap is realized, the thread clamping leads to the huge increase of torsion, the electric hand drill does not have overload protection of a tapping machine, the huge increased torsion leads to the very easy breakage of the screw tap, the screw hole which taps the diameter more than 8mm has very large torsion, the event that the electric drill is not damaged or hurts people due to poor control can easily occur, and therefore people can drill holes on the high-power electric hand drill commonly used, and the electric hand drill can not be generally used for tapping. At present, no electric desktop machine which is capable of drilling holes, tapping, milling grooves and milling faces is available in the market to meet the market demands.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a manual and electric combined table machine which is convenient for drilling, tapping, milling grooves and milling surfaces on metal materials, has small volume, light weight and low cost, is suitable for machining of individuals, shops and small workshops, and is also suitable for mobile maintenance work.

The invention aims to realize that the bench drilling, tapping and milling machine tool comprises a bedplate, a bracket, a cantilever beam, a main shaft assembly, a connecting frame, a supporting plate and an operating rod. The machine tool support has 2 different structures, one is L type supporting structure, and its structural feature is that the platen of support part is welded on the floorbar of L type stand, and the outrigger welding of support is on the top of L type stand, for the firmness of strengthening the stand, connects the screw pole stand, fastens between the floorbar and the outrigger of L type stand, and this kind of L type stand supporting structure is simple, stability is good. Another is a column with a lead screw as a part of the frame: the lowest ends of the screw rods are fixed on the bottom beam, and the cantilever beam is fixed at the upper end of the screw rod. The main shaft assembly comprises a main shaft, a main shaft positioning sleeve, a bearing, bearing seats, a spring and a drill chuck, wherein the main shaft assembly is fixed at the front end of an outrigger of the bracket by the 2 bearing seats, the lowest end of the main shaft is connected with the drill chuck for clamping a drill bit and a screw tap, and the highest end of the main shaft is a hexagonal head. The tail end of a pressing plate of the operating rod is arranged at the upper end of the upright screw rod in a grid mode, the front end of the pressing plate is connected with the handle rod, the pressing plate presses the conical thrust bearing at the uppermost end of the main shaft through a pressing hole formed by a large semicircular hole and a small semicircular hole, the hinge hole of the pressing plate, the large semicircular hole and the small semicircular hole and the handle rod enable the pressing plate to form a lever structure, pressure on the pressing plate presses the thrust bearing through the large semicircular hole and the small semicircular hole, the bearing presses the positioning sleeve tightly held on the main shaft, and the main shaft is conducted to the positioning sleeve. The chuck of the electric hand drill is clamped on the hexagonal head at the uppermost end of the main shaft, and drilling and tapping can be performed on a machined part. Because the power of electric hand drill is not big, tap the more than 8mm screw hole and can change into manual tapping, overlap on the hexagonal head of main shaft with hexagonal box spanner, rotatory box spanner simultaneously steps on the running-board of tying on the handle bar down, can carry out manual tapping to the metalwork. According to the shape of a workpiece, after a main shaft or a milling cutter is adjusted to a proper height, a shaft sleeve on the main shaft is supported by a supporting plate, a nut is screwed to press a pressing plate, the main shaft is positioned at a fixed machining height, and the workpiece can be subjected to groove milling and surface milling.

The invention has simple structure, light weight, low cost, and good verticality in drilling, tapping and milling, combines the advantages of low cost, high efficiency and large manual tapping torque of the electric hand drill, improves the working efficiency and the processing quality, reduces the labor intensity, enables a user to achieve high-efficiency and high-quality working effect with low cost, and is particularly suitable for storefronts which carry out maintenance work and work places are short.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a side view of the unpowered portion of the L-shaped support bracket.

Fig. 2 is a perspective view of a milling machine with a multi-screw support frame structure.

Fig. 3 a gourd-shaped opening positioning sleeve.

FIG. 4 shows a ring-shaped open positioning sleeve.

FIG. 5 is a detail and assembly view of the spindle assembly.

FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a pressing plate structure and a pressing principle.

Fig. 7 is a perspective view of the connecting bracket with the bushing installed.

Fig. 8 is a perspective view of the pallet.

Figure 9 shows a connecting frame with an open locking collar.

FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of the speed of the machine tool.

Fig. 11 is a schematic view of the working principle of the machine tool powered by an electric hand drill.

FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram of the operation of the groove and face milling function of the machine tool.

Figure 13 side view of a milling machine with a double cantilever structure.

FIG. 14 is a perspective view of a milling machine for a double-deck cantilever beam structure.

Figure 15 is a perspective view of an L-shaped bracket.

Detailed Description

The invention aims to realize the table type manual and electric tapping, drilling and milling machine tool, which comprises a table plate, a bracket, a main shaft assembly, a pressure plate and a supporting plate. There are 2 different structures of the machine tool support, fig. 15 is an L-shaped support of the machine tool, and a steel plate is bent into an L-shaped steel plate to form a bottom beam surface 1 and a column surface 3. The bedplate 25 of figure 1 is welded on the floorbar 1 of L type support, and outrigger 4 is welded on the top of L type stand 3, for the firmness of strengthening the stand, connects screw rod stand 6 between floorbar 1 and outrigger 13, and this kind of L type stand support simple structure, stability are good. Another is a column with a screw as a part of the frame: fig. 2 shows a small screw upright post 2 at the front end and two thick screw upright posts 3 at the rear end, the bottom ends of the screws are fixed on the bottom beam 1, and the cantilever beam 4 is fixed at the upper end positions of the three screw rods. The aluminum alloy material's of figure 3 position sleeve 18 cover is on main shaft 12, and screw 3 passes hole 1, screws into in screw hole 2, screws up screw 3 and can make the position sleeve hold main shaft 12 tightly, and this kind of position sleeve is easy to process, and is with low costs, and the shortcoming is that the wearability is not enough. Fig. 4 shows that the carbon steel round positioning sleeve 18 is sleeved on the main shaft 12, the screw rod 3 of the screw penetrates through the round hole 1 and is screwed into the screw hole 2, the main shaft 12 can be tightly embraced by the positioning sleeve by tightening the screw 3, a groove 4 is formed in the steel ring in order to reduce the force required by screwing the screw, and the carbon steel positioning sleeve has the advantages of higher processing cost than aluminum platform metal, wear resistance and capability of being used in a machine tool with a higher grade. Figure 5 is located the main shaft on the right, the main shaft is a diameter and equals, the smooth round steel in surface, the top of round steel is one section six-sided steel body the same with outer hexagonal wrench structure, its effect is the hexagonal box spanner cover of being convenient for above, the lower head of round steel is a small segment screw pole, the screw pole is used for connecting a drill chuck, the diameter of the diameter ratio main shaft round steel of screw pole is little, the handing-over department of the two has formed a step, the effect of step is the drill chuck on the tight precession screw pole in top, it is difficult to not hard up at work to make the drill chuck, middle picture is the main shaft assembly, it is formed by the accessories equipment on its left right, the installation order of main shaft assembly in the lathe is: the bearing sleeve 22 is composed of two bearings and two bearing seats respectively, the bearings are inserted into the bearing seats and then sleeved on the main shaft 12, the bearing sleeve 22 is fixed above and below the cantilever beam 4 by screws in figure 1, the spring 21 is sleeved on the bearing seat 22 in figure 5, the bearing sleeve 20 is composed of a conical thrust bearing and a bearing sleeve, the bearing sleeve 20 is sleeved on the main shaft 12 and falls on the spring 21, the positioning sleeve 18 is sleeved on the main shaft 12, and the screws 19 are screwed when the positioning sleeve is adjusted to a proper position, so that the positioning sleeve 18 is locked on the main shaft 12. Then the conical thrust bearing 17 is sleeved on the main shaft and falls on the positioning sleeve 18, and finally the screw head at the lowest end of the main shaft 12 is screwed into the screw hole of the drill chuck 23, and the main shaft assembly is installed. The waist-round hole 30 at the tail end of the pressing plate 13 in the figures 1 and 6 penetrates through the upper end of the lead screw 6 and is positioned in the middle by a plurality of nuts 7, the waist-round hole 30 is used for taking the lead screw as a circle center fulcrum, and the pressing plate swings up and down at a certain angle at the fulcrum, namely: this fulcrum becomes the hinge point of the pressure plate. The long hole 32 on the pressure plate passes through the flat steel 9 welded on the cantilever beam 4, so that the pressure plate 13 cannot swing left and right when moving up and down, the inner wall nut 36 at the head of the handle rod 14 is screwed with the screw rod welded at the head of the pressure plate, the hole 33 is formed by splicing one half of a large waist-shaped round hole and one half of a small waist-shaped round hole, two step lines 34 at the splicing part are pressed on the diameter line of the bearing 20 and only pressed on the outer steel ring of the bearing 20, and the inner steel ring of the bearing cannot be touched (can rotate when the inner steel ring is drilled). Thus, the pressure plate takes the hole 30 as a fulcrum, takes the two step lines 34 of the hole 33 as pressure points for pressing downwards and takes the handle 14 as a force application point, so that the pressure plate forms a lever which can effectively reduce the labor intensity of drilling and tapping. The electric hand drill has been installed additional to the lathe in fig. 11 on the basis of fig. 1, and the drill chuck of electric hand drill cliies the hexagonal head (fig. 1) of main shaft 12 top, and the main shaft adopts the hexagonal head to avoid flashlight drill point button head to skid easily on the one hand, and the power of electric hand drill is limited, and the screw hole of attacking more than 8mm on iron need change into manual tapping, can entangle the hexagonal head with hexagonal box spanner and carry out manual tapping. In order to increase the working stability of the electric hand drill, a screw 32 penetrates through a waist round hole in a connecting frame 29 and is screwed into a handle hole in the side face of an electric hand drill 31, a linear bearing 30 is arranged at the other end of the connecting frame, the linear bearing is sleeved on a sliding rod 8 arranged on an outrigger, the handle hole of the electric hand drill is usually made of aluminum, the electric hand drill is frequently repeatedly installed and taken out, so that the screw 32 cannot be screwed too tightly every time, in order to ensure that the electric hand drill cannot be twisted with the connecting frame all the time, the verticality of the electric hand drill is adjusted by two adjusting screws 33, the electric hand drill cannot be twisted in working due to the two screws, and when a machine tool works, the linear bearing 30 sleeved on the sliding rod moves up and down along with the electric hand drill, and the stability of the electric hand drill is constantly maintained. In the figures 2 and 7, because the linear bearing has high precision, the support column and the main shaft are required to be completely parallel, the operation is not smooth due to slight error, in order to reduce the production cost and improve the product percent of pass, a wear-resistant shaft sleeve can be used for replacing the linear bearing, one end of the connecting frame 29 is provided with a metal seat 30 with a round hole, a screw 38 is used for locking the wear-resistant sleeve 37 in the round hole, a certain gap is reserved between the wear-resistant sleeve and the sliding rod 8, the gap allows the parallelism between the main shaft 12 and the sliding rod 8 of the machine tool to have slightly larger deviation, the machine tool can also work normally under the condition of the slightly larger deviation, and the defect is that the working stability of the electric hand drill controlled by the sliding rod is lower than that of the linear bearing due to the larger gap between the sliding rod and the wear-resistant sleeve, and the requirement that the hexagonal head at the upper end of the main shaft must be very firmly clamped by the drill point of the electric hand drill. The hand drill housing of fig. 9 does not have a handle screw hole and the handle is a circular housing that locks the head of the hand drill by a circular sleeve. In the figure, one end of the connecting frame 1 is provided with an opening locking sleeve 2 by a plurality of screws for installing a circular head shell electric hand drill, the circular head of the electric hand drill 6 is sleeved into the circular hole of the opening locking sleeve 2, the electric hand drill can be locked by screwing the screw 9, and the installation method is firmer.

Figure 10 shows one of the three functions of the machine tool to tap an article using an electric hand drill as power, the electric hand drill having a speed control switch 34, the more the switch is pressed inward the handle, the faster the electric hand drill rotates, the much slower the tapping rate is required than the drilling rate, and the required rotating speed is different when tapping holes of different materials and sizes, the screw 35 on the connecting frame 29 is specially used for adjusting the rotating speed of the electric hand drill, the screw 35 is rotated upwards, the speed regulating switch 34 is gradually pushed into the handle, the rotating speed is gradually increased, when the rotation speed is adjusted to be suitable for tapping, the screw 35 is locked by the nut 36, so that the rotation speed of the electric hand drill is stopped at the suitable tapping speed, after tapping is performed to the suitable depth, and turning off the power supply, shifting the reversing switch, switching on the power supply to reverse the screw tap, and slightly lifting the handle to withdraw the screw tap to complete tapping. Because electric hand drill's power is not big, the lathe is attacked the screw hole more than 8mm and should be adopted manual tapping, the operation process of lathe manual tapping: fig. 1 is on the hexagonal head of main shaft 12 top with hexagonal handle box spanner cover, adopts the running-board 28 down, and the pressure of footboard passes through clamp plate 13 and presses on toper thrust bearing 17, because thrust bearing presses on position sleeve 18, so conduct main shaft 12 with pressure through the position sleeve on, finally conduct the screw tap, with the hand-operated socket spanner simultaneously, can accomplish to iron part tapping figure 11 lathe drilling and use the electric hand drill as power, easy operation: the power switch of the electric hand drill is turned on, the handle rod 14 is pressed downwards, the spindle 12 pressed downwards drives the drill bit on the drill chuck to move downwards, the object 25 is drilled, the handle 14 is loosened by hands after the hole drill is in place, the spindle is pushed back to the initial height position by the elastic force of the spring 23, if the drilling depth has the size requirement, the position of the nut 11 on the fine adjustment screw rod 10 can be adjusted, the pressing plate is pressed downwards to move and touches the lower nut 11, the downward movement is stopped, and the drill bit on the spindle stops the downward drilling. Fig. 12 shows that when the machine tool mills a groove and a surface of an object, a carriage with a cross stroke is arranged on a platen of the machine tool, the object to be processed is fixed on the carriage, a rotating milling cutter is not moved, and the carriage drives a material to move by virtue of the cross stroke, so that the groove milling and the surface milling are completed. According to the height of the processed part of the material, the processing height of the milling cutter can be preliminarily adjusted by adjusting the depth length of the milling cutter on a drill chuck, then the fine adjustment nut 11 is rotated to finely adjust the height position of the main shaft, the fine adjustment nut 11 is rotated downwards, the main shaft 12 is pressed downwards, the fine adjustment nut is rotated upwards, the main shaft is pushed upwards by the spring 33, if the distance needing to be adjusted is large, the screw 19 on the positioning sleeve 18 can be unscrewed, the main shaft 12 is basically adjusted to the height suitable for milling the groove and the surface, the screw 19 is screwed, the main shaft is locked again by the positioning sleeve, the position of the milling cutter is finely adjusted by the fine adjustment nut 11, the processing rotating speed of the milling cutter is adjusted after the height is adjusted, please see figure 10, the rotating speed of the electric drill is adjusted to the speed suitable for milling the groove and the surface by the speed adjustment screw 35 on the connecting frame, the screw rod 35 is fastened by the nut 36, the rotation speed is made constant, which is the same way as adjusting the rotation speed of the tap during tapping. Referring to fig. 8 and 12, the semi-circular opening of the supporting plate 21 is pushed to a position capable of supporting the shaft sleeve 20, the two nuts 2 above and below the supporting plate are screwed to position the supporting plate, and then the screw 11 is screwed to press the pressing plate to press the spindle, so that the heights of the spindle and the milling cutter are accurately controlled. The milling groove and the milling surface of the processed workpiece can be milled only by starting the electric hand drill and shaking the handle 30 on the cross stroke planker. Fig. 13 and 14 show a machine tool with upper and lower two-layer outriggers, which has a slightly higher machining precision than that of a single outrigger structure, but has the disadvantage of increasing the product cost. The upper cantilever beam 2 and the lower cantilever beam 5 are fixed on the screw upright post by nuts, bearings are respectively fixed on the upper cantilever beam 2 and the upper cantilever beam 5 by the bearing sleeve 1 and the bearing sleeve 6, the spring 4 falls on the cantilever beam 5 to support the thrust bearing 3, the slide bar 7 is installed on the upper cantilever beam 2, and in the figure 15, a steel plate is bent out of an L-shaped support frame by a bending machine, the upright post surface 1 and the bottom beam 2.

Claims

1. The utility model provides a small-size manual and electronic drilling, tapping, milling machine, includes platen, support, action bars, electromechanical assembly and the power transmission part of machine, characterized by the power transmission part of machine comprises the main shaft assembly, and the main shaft of main shaft assembly is a smooth round steel in surface, and one end of round steel is one section hexahedral steel body the same with outer hexagonal wrench structure, and this hexagonal socket spanner cover of being convenient for is above, and another head of round steel is a small segment screw pole, and the screw pole is used for connecting a drill chuck, and the diameter of the diameter ratio round steel part of screw pole is little, and the handing-over department of the two has formed a step, and the effect of step is the drill chuck on the tight precession the screw pole in top, makes the drill chuck be difficult to become flexible in work.

2. A spindle assembly as claimed in claim 1, in which the locating sleeve has a circular opening which is adapted to fit over the spindle, the position of the locating sleeve on the spindle being controlled by a locking screw on the locating sleeve, the locating sleeve having a thrust bearing at each of the upper and lower ends thereof, the locating sleeve and the thrust bearing being adapted to transmit external pressure applied thereto.

3. The support of claim 1, which is composed of a support column, a horizontal bottom plate and a cantilever, wherein the support column of the support is composed of several screw rods, the lower end of the screw rod column is connected with the bottom beam, the nut fixes the cantilever on the screw rod column, and the nut for rotatably fixing the cantilever can lift the height position of the cantilever.

4. The support of claim 1, which is composed of a support column, a bottom beam and a cantilever beam, and is characterized in that the support column is composed of an L-shaped steel plate and a screw rod column, one steel plate is bent into the L-shaped steel plate to form a support column surface and a bottom beam surface, the bottom beam is supported below a bedplate of a machine, the cantilever beam is welded at the top of the support column surface, the lower end of the screw rod column is vertically fixed on the bottom beam of the L-shaped steel plate, the screw rod column upwards passes through a round hole of the cantilever beam and extends out a section of screw rod, and is fixed with the cantilever beam, and a waist round hole on a pressure plate is sleeved on the screw rod extending out of the section of the cantilever beam to enable the section of screw rod to become a hinge round shaft of the pressure plate.

5. An operating rod as claimed in claim 1, wherein the operating rod is composed of a pressing plate and a handle rod, the pressing plate is provided with a pressing hole, the geometric shape of the pressing plate is formed by splicing a half of a small waist round hole and a half of a large waist round hole, the step contour line of the splicing position is pressed on a steel shell of the bearing excircle on the main shaft assembly, so that downward pressure can be applied to the main shaft through the operating rod, the end of the operating rod, far away from the handle rod, is provided with a waist round hole, and the hole and a screw rod upright post penetrating through the waist round hole form a hinge structure.

6. An electromechanical assembly as claimed in claim 1, wherein the electromechanical assembly comprises an electric hand drill and parts for controlling the electric hand drill, the parts mainly comprise a connecting frame, a rotation speed fine adjustment screw, a verticality adjustment screw and a slide rod, the slide rod is vertically arranged on an outrigger, the connecting frame is provided with a waist round hole, the electric hand drill is fastened on the connecting frame by the screw passing through the waist round hole, the upper end of the connecting frame is provided with a 90-degree bending surface, the rotation speed fine adjustment screw is arranged on the bending surface for controlling the rotation speed of the electric hand drill, one transverse end of the connecting frame is provided with a 90-degree bending surface, 2 screws are arranged on the bending surface for adjusting the verticality between the electric hand drill and a machine table surface, the other end of the connecting frame is provided with a metal block with a round hole, a wear-resistant shaft sleeve is arranged in the round hole, the wear-resistant shaft sleeve is sleeved on a slide rod arranged on the outrigger, so that the wear-resistant shaft sleeve can move along with the up and down movement of the electric hand drill, the device utilizes the support of the sliding rod to enhance the stability of the electric hand drill during working.

7. A connecting frame as claimed in claim 6, which has another structure and fittings, and is characterized in that the upper end of the connecting frame is provided with a 90-degree bending surface, a rotation speed fine-tuning screw is mounted on the bending surface to control the rotation speed of the electric hand drill, an opening sleeve is mounted at one transverse end of the connecting frame, after the round head of the electric hand drill shell is placed in the opening sleeve, the screw on the opening sleeve is screwed to firmly lock the electric hand drill in the opening sleeve, and a linear bearing is mounted at the other transverse end and sleeved on a sliding rod mounted on the cantilever beam, so that the linear bearing can move along with the up-and-down movement of the electric hand drill.

8. A supporting frame as claimed in claim 1 is composed of supporting vertical columns, bottom beams and cantilever beams, and features that the horizontal cantilever beam of machine is installed to vertical supporting vertical column, the machine has 2 different structures including single cantilever beam and dual cantilever beams, several bearings for fixing main axle are symmetrically installed to the top and bottom of single cantilever beam, and if it is dual cantilever beam, several bearings for controlling main axle are installed to upper and lower layers of cantilever beams.

9. A small-sized hand-operated and electric drilling, tapping and milling machine tool as claimed in claim 1, wherein a positioning screw rod is fixed on the cantilever beam in a positioning control part of the machine tool, the positioning screw rod passes through a waist circular hole on the pressing plate, a plurality of nuts on the positioning screw rod are respectively arranged below and above the pressing plate, and the positions of the two nuts on the positioning screw rod are rotated to limit the up-and-down swinging position of the pressing plate, so as to limit the up-and-down movement position of the main shaft.

10. A small hand and electric drilling, tapping and milling machine as claimed in claim 1, wherein a support plate is provided in the positioning control unit of the machine, the support plate having a slot at one end and an open semi-circle at the other end, the slot facilitating displacement of the support plate, the open semi-circle being adapted to support a bearing housing on the spindle to effect spatial positioning of the machining tool.