CN113618273B - Welding method for reducing intensity attenuation proportion of welding heat affected zone of automobile welding part - Google Patents
Welding method for reducing intensity attenuation proportion of welding heat affected zone of automobile welding part Download PDFInfo
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- CN113618273B CN113618273B CN202110677677.9A CN202110677677A CN113618273B CN 113618273 B CN113618273 B CN 113618273B CN 202110677677 A CN202110677677 A CN 202110677677A CN 113618273 B CN113618273 B CN 113618273B
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- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 93
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 17
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 abstract description 12
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 13
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 5
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000001427 coherent effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 206010003549 asthenia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000010953 base metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003090 exacerbative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009864 tensile test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K37/00—Auxiliary devices or processes, not specially adapted to a procedure covered by only one of the preceding main groups
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K31/00—Processes relevant to this subclass, specially adapted for particular articles or purposes, but not covered by only one of the preceding main groups
- B23K31/02—Processes relevant to this subclass, specially adapted for particular articles or purposes, but not covered by only one of the preceding main groups relating to soldering or welding
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
Abstract
The invention provides a welding method for reducing the intensity attenuation proportion of a welding heat affected zone of an automobile welding part, which is formed by welding a plurality of parts, and comprises the following steps: step S1: naturally aging the parts; step S2: welding the parts after natural aging to obtain an automobile welding part; step S3: and (5) artificially aging the whole automobile welding part. After the technical scheme is adopted, the intensity attenuation proportion of the welding heat affected zone of the welding piece can be reduced by about half, the intensity attenuation proportion is reduced to about 20%, the intensity of the welding piece is greatly improved, and the welding seam is good in quality and free of bad defects such as air holes. The welding device can be widely applied to auxiliary frames, bumpers, instrument panel brackets and the like of automobiles, and is even suitable for being comprehensively popularized in parts with welding process requirements.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a welding method for reducing the intensity attenuation proportion of a welding heat affected zone of an automobile welding part.
Background
The strengthening principle of the aluminum alloy is that the strengthening phase is continuously separated out along with the extension of the heat preservation time at a certain temperature and exists in a coherent structure with an aluminum matrix (see A in figure 1), so that the strength of a product is improved. When this phenomenon reaches the maximum density and the alloy strength is the highest, as the heat preservation time is prolonged, a part of hard phase starts to gather and grow up, and stable beta phase is formed to separate from the aluminum matrix, so that the strengthening phase and the aluminum matrix show a semi-coherent structure (see B in figure 1), and the strength of the product is reduced. When the holding time is further prolonged, most of the stable beta phase is gathered and separated from the matrix, and the matrix forms a non-coherent structure (see C in figure 1), and the strength of the product is reduced to the valley bottom.
The traditional welding process method is that before welding, each single piece is subjected to artificial aging treatment, so that the strength of the single piece reaches a peak value, and then the single piece is welded; the welding process is a high-temperature process, the strengthening phase in the alloy is continuously converted into beta phase, and the strength is reduced; the temperature of the welding process is higher, the temperature of the welding area and the fusion area can reach 550-600 ℃, the temperature of the heat affected zone can reach more than 300 ℃, and a part of strengthening phases are dissolved into an aluminum matrix in the cooling process of the fusion area and the welding area and then separated out; the temperature of the heat affected zone is insufficient to dissolve the hard phase into the aluminum matrix, exacerbating the precipitation transformation in this zone; this is also the main factor in the strength of the heat affected zone after welding, which is the lowest position. Based on the above, there are two main approaches to improving the weld heat affected zone strength decay ratio: (1) Increasing the cooling strength after welding, and (2) improving the effect of welding on the degree of transformation of precipitation of the strengthening phase.
For the first approach, i.e. increasing the cooling strength after welding, the prior art is mainly divided into the following: (1) The indirect heat transfer (such as distributing heat dissipation water pipes in a welding area) has poor heat conduction and dissipation effects, and the attenuation ratio of the tensile strength of the welding heat affected zone relative to the base material is about 50%; (2) The direct blowing cooling effect is poor, and the attenuation ratio of the tensile strength of the welding heat affected zone relative to the parent metal is about 40%; (3) The direct water spraying effect after welding is relatively good, the attenuation ratio of the tensile strength of a welding heat affected zone relative to a base metal is about 27%, but the welding progress and the welding seam quality are affected, and bad defects such as air holes and the like are easy to occur; (4) directly increasing the cooling intensity is not currently preferable.
For the second approach, i.e., improving the effect of welding on the degree of transformation of the strengthening phase precipitation, no related process has been disclosed in the prior art that can significantly reduce the rate of strength decay in the weld heat affected zone.
In conclusion, under the traditional welding technology, the attenuation proportion of the performance of a heat affected zone is larger, the attenuation reaches 50%, and the overall strength of the part is obviously reduced. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a process that can reduce the proportion of the strength decay in the heat affected zone after welding.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the technical defect that the intensity attenuation proportion of a welding heat affected zone of a welding piece is larger by the traditional welding process, the invention aims to provide a welding method for reducing the intensity attenuation proportion of the welding heat affected zone of an automobile welding piece, wherein the automobile welding piece is formed by welding a plurality of parts, and the method comprises the following steps:
step S1: naturally aging the parts;
step S2: welding the parts after natural aging to obtain an automobile welding part;
step S3: and (5) artificially aging the whole automobile welding part.
Further, in step S1, the natural aging temperature is 40 ℃ or lower, and the time is more than 24H.
Further, in step S2, the weld temperature at the time of welding is 550 ℃ to 650 ℃, and the heat affected zone temperature is 300 ℃ to 400 ℃.
Further, in step S3, the artificial aging is performed at a temperature of 170-180 ℃ for a time of 6H-12H.
Further, the part constituting the automobile welding member is an aluminum alloy. Preferably, the aluminum alloy is a 6-series aluminum alloy.
Further, the welding method for reducing the strength attenuation ratio of the weld heat affected zone of an automobile weld part, which includes all types of 6-series aluminum alloys, in other words, the present application is applicable to all 6-series aluminum alloys.
Further, the automotive weldment includes, but is not limited to, an automotive subframe, bumper, rocker beam, battery frame, or instrument panel bracket, etc.
After the technical scheme is adopted, compared with the prior art, the method has the following beneficial effects:
according to the method, the influence of welding on the precipitation transformation degree of the strengthening phase is improved, so that the intensity attenuation proportion of a welding heat affected zone is improved, specifically, the intensity attenuation proportion of the welding heat affected zone of a welding piece can be reduced by about half by adopting the welding method, the intensity attenuation proportion is reduced to about 20%, the intensity of the welding piece is greatly improved, and the welding seam is good in quality and free of bad defects such as air holes. The welding method is suitable for being widely applied to auxiliary frames, bumpers, instrument panel brackets and the like of automobiles, and is even suitable for being comprehensively popularized in parts with welding process requirements.
Drawings
In fig. 1, a is a schematic diagram of a coherent structure, B is a schematic diagram of a semi-coherent structure, and C is a schematic diagram of a non-coherent structure.
Detailed Description
Advantages of the invention are further illustrated below in connection with specific embodiments. It is to be understood by persons skilled in the art that the following detailed description is illustrative and not restrictive, and that this invention is not limited to the details given herein.
Examples
1. Test materials: 6-series aluminum alloy part with base material of instrument panel bracket
2. The test method comprises the following steps:
(1) Preparation of 6-series aluminum alloy instrument panel bracket (i.e. welded part) by adopting traditional welding method and welding method
1) The method for preparing the instrument panel bracket by welding through the traditional welding method comprises the following steps:
step S1: carrying out artificial aging treatment at 180 ℃ for 6H on each part until the strength of the part reaches a peak value 267.49Mpa;
step S2: and welding the parts subjected to artificial aging to obtain the instrument panel bracket.
2) The welding method for preparing the instrument panel bracket by welding comprises the following steps:
step S1: placing the part for more than 24H in a natural environment, and naturally aging;
step S2: welding the parts after natural aging to obtain an automobile welding part, namely an instrument panel bracket;
step S3: the whole of the automobile welded part (namely the instrument panel bracket) is subjected to artificial aging at 180 ℃ and 6H.
(2) And a detecting instrument for testing the tensile strength of the welding heat affected zone of the base material and the welding piece and calculating the tensile strength attenuation proportion tensile strength: a universal tensile testing machine.
The calculation formula of the tensile strength attenuation ratio is as follows: tensile strength attenuation ratio= (base material tensile strength-welding area tensile strength)/base material tensile strength×100%.
3. Conclusion and analysis of the experiment: the comparison of the results of the intensity decay ratios corresponding to the different welding methods is shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1 intensity decay ratios corresponding to different welding methods
As can be seen from Table 1, the welding method of the present application makes the strength attenuation ratio of the heat affected zone approximately half of that of the original heat affected zone, reduces the strength attenuation ratio to about 20%, and greatly improves the strength of the welded piece. The specific principle is as follows: under natural conditions, the reinforced particles of the 6-series aluminum alloy are difficult to be aggregated and grown to be transformed due to lower temperature, and Mg atoms and Si atoms are aggregated to generate solute atom enrichment (namely beta' phase). Subsequently, during the welding process of the aluminum alloy, the strengthening phase in the aluminum alloy is sequentially converted from beta 'phase to beta' -phase (i.e. unstable precipitated phase), and then converted from beta '-phase to beta' -phase (i.e. Mg of stable phase) 2 Si) relationship between strength of alloy and aging temperature and holding timeIn order to approach the trend of parabola, if the aging temperature is too high or too low, or the aging heat preservation time is too long or too short, the strength of the aluminum alloy is not beneficial to improvement, and only proper aging temperature and aging heat preservation time can enable the strengthening phases beta 'and beta' to coexist, so that the strength of the aluminum alloy can reach the peak value. Specifically, (1) when the beta ' phase starts to be converted into the beta ' phase, mg atoms and Si atoms start to be combined to form an unstable precipitated phase beta ', and the strength of the aluminum alloy has a positive correlation with the aging temperature and the aging time; (2) The strength of the alloy is highest when the beta "phase and beta' phase coexist; (3) As the beta' phase gradually changes to beta phase, the intensity begins to decrease gradually until the strengthening phase is fully changed to stable beta phase, with the intensity minimized.
According to the welding method, firstly, the parts in the natural aging state are welded, and then the whole aging is carried out on the welded parts. This approach allows for a maximum reduction in the proportion of heat affected zone strength decay, mainly because: under natural conditions, the reinforced particles are difficult to be aggregated and grown to be transformed due to lower temperature, and Mg atoms and Si atoms are aggregated to generate solute atom enrichment; in the welding process, the weld zone and the fusion zone are converted into re-solutionizing, a certain amount of hard phase particles in the heat affected zone are accumulated and grown first, and are precipitated in advance to be converted into beta' and stable beta phase; in the subsequent overall aging, the strengthening phases at all locations are transformed according to the aging transformation mechanism described above, and atoms which are not enriched can still be strengthened by the subsequent aging. Because only a small part of the strengthening phase in the heat affected zone is precipitated in advance and converted into a stable beta phase, the strength loss of the heat affected zone is lower, and is greatly reduced compared with that of the traditional welding method.
It should be noted that the embodiments of the present invention are preferred and not limited in any way, and any person skilled in the art may make use of the above-disclosed technical content to change or modify the same into equivalent effective embodiments without departing from the technical scope of the present invention, and any modification or equivalent change and modification of the above-described embodiments according to the technical substance of the present invention still falls within the scope of the technical scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. A welding method for reducing a weld heat affected zone strength decay ratio of an automotive weld, the automotive weld being formed by welding a plurality of parts, comprising the steps of:
step S1: naturally aging the parts;
step S2: welding the parts after natural aging to obtain an automobile welding part;
step S3: artificial aging is carried out on the whole of the automobile welding piece;
in the step S1, the natural aging temperature is below 40 ℃ and the time is more than 24H;
in the step S2, the temperature of a weld zone during welding is 550-650 ℃, and the temperature of a heat affected zone is 300-400 ℃;
in step S3, the artificial aging temperature is 170-180 ℃ and the artificial aging time is 6-12H.
2. The welding method for reducing the weld heat affected zone strength degradation ratio of an automotive weld of claim 1, wherein the part constituting the automotive weld is an aluminum alloy.
3. The welding method for reducing the weld heat affected zone strength decay rate of an automotive weld of claim 2, wherein the automotive weld is a subframe, a bumper, an instrument panel bracket, a threshold beam, or a battery frame.
4. The welding method for reducing the weld heat affected zone strength decay rate of an automotive weld of claim 2, wherein the aluminum alloy comprises all types of 6-series aluminum alloys.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202110677677.9A CN113618273B (en) | 2021-06-18 | 2021-06-18 | Welding method for reducing intensity attenuation proportion of welding heat affected zone of automobile welding part |
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| CN202110677677.9A CN113618273B (en) | 2021-06-18 | 2021-06-18 | Welding method for reducing intensity attenuation proportion of welding heat affected zone of automobile welding part |
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| CN113618273A CN113618273A (en) | 2021-11-09 |
| CN113618273B true CN113618273B (en) | 2024-03-01 |
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Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2001321948A (en) * | 2000-05-10 | 2001-11-20 | Kobe Steel Ltd | Method of welding for aluminum alloy material of heat treatment type |
| CN105821352A (en) * | 2016-04-17 | 2016-08-03 | 广东工业大学 | Aluminum product stirring friction weld joint and base metal strength uniformity improvement process method |
| CN108504972A (en) * | 2018-05-30 | 2018-09-07 | 慈溪市宜美佳铝业有限公司 | A kind of suitable aluminium heat treatment process for stabilizing processing |
| CN108772667A (en) * | 2018-06-20 | 2018-11-09 | 辽宁忠旺集团有限公司 | A kind of friction stir welding method of track vehicle body aluminium alloy sheet |
| CN111545892A (en) * | 2020-04-29 | 2020-08-18 | 航天工程装备（苏州）有限公司 | Motor casing friction stir welding seam and improvement method of base metal hardness uniformity |
-
2021
- 2021-06-18 CN CN202110677677.9A patent/CN113618273B/en active Active
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2001321948A (en) * | 2000-05-10 | 2001-11-20 | Kobe Steel Ltd | Method of welding for aluminum alloy material of heat treatment type |
| CN105821352A (en) * | 2016-04-17 | 2016-08-03 | 广东工业大学 | Aluminum product stirring friction weld joint and base metal strength uniformity improvement process method |
| CN108504972A (en) * | 2018-05-30 | 2018-09-07 | 慈溪市宜美佳铝业有限公司 | A kind of suitable aluminium heat treatment process for stabilizing processing |
| CN108772667A (en) * | 2018-06-20 | 2018-11-09 | 辽宁忠旺集团有限公司 | A kind of friction stir welding method of track vehicle body aluminium alloy sheet |
| CN111545892A (en) * | 2020-04-29 | 2020-08-18 | 航天工程装备（苏州）有限公司 | Motor casing friction stir welding seam and improvement method of base metal hardness uniformity |
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