CN113618005A - Three-station quick-change blank making die for main reduction gear blank - Google Patents
Three-station quick-change blank making die for main reduction gear blank Download PDFInfo
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- CN113618005A CN113618005A CN202110992731.9A CN202110992731A CN113618005A CN 113618005 A CN113618005 A CN 113618005A CN 202110992731 A CN202110992731 A CN 202110992731A CN 113618005 A CN113618005 A CN 113618005A
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- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 238000004080 punching Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- 238000007723 die pressing method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000011229 interlayer Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010985 leather Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 abstract description 9
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000005242 forging Methods 0.000 description 73
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 15
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 10
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008602 contraction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J13/00—Details of machines for forging, pressing, or hammering
- B21J13/02—Dies or mountings therefor
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21K—MAKING FORGED OR PRESSED METAL PRODUCTS, e.g. HORSE-SHOES, RIVETS, BOLTS OR WHEELS
- B21K1/00—Making machine elements
- B21K1/28—Making machine elements wheels; discs
- B21K1/30—Making machine elements wheels; discs with gear-teeth
Abstract
The invention discloses a three-station quick-change blank making die for a main reduction gear blank, which comprises a lower template, an upper template, and a first upsetting die, a second upsetting die and a third punching connecting skin die which are sequentially arranged between the lower template and the upper template at intervals; the first upsetting die comprises a station lower die holder, a station lower die, a station upper die holder, a station upper die, a station lower die pressing ring and an upper die pressing ring, the second upsetting die comprises a station lower die holder, a station lower die, a station upper die holder, a station upper die, a station lower die pressing ring and an upper die pressing ring, the third upsetting die comprises a station lower die holder, a station lower die, a station upper die holder, a station upper die, a station lower die pressing ring and an upper die pressing ring, and the third upsetting die comprises a station connecting skin punching lower die and a station connecting skin punching head. And performing ring rolling preforming after twice upsetting and once skin punching, wherein an inner hole is formed before terminal forming, the projection area of a forged piece is greatly reduced, a thin skin connecting part in the middle does not exist, the forming force required by a blank is obviously reduced, the filling capacity of a sharp corner is improved, and a blank can be properly reduced by a certain machining allowance.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of forging, in particular to a three-station quick blank making die for a main reduction gear blank.
Background
The output ends of driving motors of all the front-wheel drive vehicles and new energy vehicles of fuel vehicles are provided with a set of main speed reducers with cylindrical gears, and the main speed reducers are used for reducing the rotating speed and increasing the torque, and the main speed reducers are cylindrical helical gears with wider spokes. In the forged blank of the main reduction gear shown in fig. 1, the main reduction gear is made of a forged blank, and the total thickness of the main reduction gear is relatively thin, so that the spoke thickness is usually 8mm-13mm, the diameter is relatively large, and the maximum outer diameter is about 250 mm. The conventional forging process is as follows: sawing and blanking → heating → upsetting → finish forging and forming → punching and connecting skin. When the conventional forging process is adopted for die forging, equipment with large forging force is required, a double-stroke mode is often adopted in the finish forging forming procedure, and the equipment is seriously damaged due to large striking force.
Because of the limitation of the hitting force of the equipment, the edges and corners of the blank are not full and the continuous skin is too thin and cannot be hit, and in order to ensure the quality of the machined vehicle blank and the turning surface without leaving black skin, the machining allowance and the thickness of the continuous skin must be properly increased. When a 1600T electric screw press is used for final forging, the thickness of the integral skin of the screw press needs to reach 11mm, and one-time striking forming can be basically guaranteed. The weight of the blank in the traditional process is 6.37Kg, the weight of the connected skin is 0.79Kg, and the weight of the blanking is 7.31 Kg.
If the weight of the blank is reduced and the market competitiveness is enhanced, the tonnage of equipment can only be increased by adopting the traditional process, and the tonnage of primary equipment is increased, namely, the 2500T electric screw press is purchased, the price of the electric screw press is about 2.5 times that of the 1600T electric screw press, and about 450 ten thousand.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to reduce the striking force required by the forming of the main reduction gear blank, reduce the weight of the blank and improve the quality of the blank, a new method is needed for technological innovation, the minimum equipment investment is increased, and the same forging effect is achieved.
Therefore, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a three-station quick-change blank making die for a main reduction gear blank comprises a lower template, an upper template, and a first upsetting die, a second upsetting die and a third punching connecting skin die which are sequentially arranged between the lower template and the upper template at intervals; the first upsetting die comprises a station lower die seat, a station lower die, a station upper die seat, a station upper die, a lower die pressing ring and an upper die pressing ring, the second upsetting die comprises a station lower die seat, a station lower die, a station upper die seat, a station upper die, a station lower die pressing ring and an upper die pressing ring, the third upsetting die comprises a station lower die seat, a station lower die, a station upper die seat, a station upper die, a station lower die pressing ring and an upper die pressing ring, and the third upsetting die comprises a station lower die seat, a station lower connecting skin punching die, a station upper die seat, a station connecting skin punching head, a lower die pressing ring and an upper die pressing ring;
the outer walls of the first-station lower die seat, the second-station lower die seat and the third-station lower die seat are provided with tapers and are fixedly mounted above the lower die plate through respective lower die pressing rings and bolts;
the outer walls of the first-station upper die holder, the second-station upper die holder and the third-station upper die holder are provided with tapers and are fixedly mounted below the upper die plate through respective upper die pressing rings and bolts;
a circular positioning pit which is 2% larger than the diameter of the material rod used in the step A is arranged in the middle of the top of the first station lower die, and the root angle of the circular positioning pit is an obtuse angle so as to prevent folding or an interlayer from being formed during upsetting; stamping bosses are respectively arranged at the bottom of the first-station upper die, the bottom of the second-station upper die and the top of the second-station lower die; the three-station punching and connecting die is characterized in that a material receiving cavity is formed in the middle of the top of the three-station lower die holder, a downward inclined material receiving slope groove is formed in the bottom of the material receiving cavity, an anti-blocking cleaning hole is horizontally formed in one side of the material receiving cavity, a middle hole which is communicated up and down is formed in the three-station punching and connecting lower die, a positioning boss is arranged at the top of the three-station punching and connecting lower die, and when the third punching and connecting lower die is closed, a three-station punching and connecting punch falls into the middle hole of the three-station punching and connecting lower die.
Preferably, the lower die plate is provided with a lower base plate in the sinking platforms for mounting the first-station lower die holder, the second-station lower die holder and the third-station lower die holder, the upper die plate is provided with an upper base plate in the sinking platforms for mounting the first-station upper die holder, the second-station upper die holder and the third-station upper die holder, and different positioning keys are arranged between the lower base plate of the third punching connecting skin die and the lower die plate as well as between the lower base plate and the third-station lower die holder.
More preferably, the height of the circular positioning pit is 2mm, and the root angle is 135 degrees.
Preferably, four guide posts which are arranged in a rectangular shape are arranged between the lower template and the upper template.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: (1) the special twice upsetting process is adopted, and the round positioning pit with the obtuse root angle is adopted during the first upsetting, so that the positioning can be well realized, the folding or interlayer generated in the subsequent pre-forging and final forging processes can be effectively avoided, and the quality of the forge piece is improved; (2) the three-station quick-change blank-making die can finish two times of upsetting and one time of punching and connecting the skin, only the key upper die, lower die, punch and punching lower die in the die need to be replaced, the processing of the similar blanks with different specifications and sizes can be met, and parts needing to be replaced are installed by threads or screws, so that the rapid and further convenient replacement can be realized; (3) the forging method has the advantages that the forging method is simple, the forging process is simple, the forging cost is low, and the forging cost is low.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of a main reduction gear blank.
Fig. 2 is a front view of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a top view of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of a three-station die holder.
FIG. 5 is a process flow diagram of the application of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a front view of the finish forging die.
Fig. 7 is a schematic structural view of a ring-expanding preform mold.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further illustrated by the following examples in conjunction with the accompanying drawings:
referring to fig. 2-4, the three-station quick-change blank making die for the main reduction gear blank mainly comprises a lower template 1, an upper template 2, and a first upsetting die, a second upsetting die and a third punching connecting skin die which are sequentially arranged between the lower template 1 and the upper template 2 at intervals.
The first upsetting die mainly comprises a station lower die holder 3, a station lower die 4, a station upper die holder 5, a station upper die 6, a lower die pressing ring 7 and an upper die pressing ring 8.
The second upsetting die mainly comprises a two-station lower die holder 9, a two-station lower die 10, a two-station upper die holder 11, a two-station upper die 12, a lower die pressing ring 7 and an upper die pressing ring 8.
The third punching and connecting skin die mainly comprises a three-station lower die base 13, a three-station punching and connecting skin lower die 14, a three-station upper die base 15, a three-station punching and connecting skin punch head 16, a lower die pressing ring 7 and an upper die pressing ring 8.
The outer walls of the first-station lower die base 3, the second-station lower die base 9 and the third-station lower die base 13 are provided with tapers and are fixedly arranged above the lower template 1 through respective lower die pressing rings 7 and bolts. The three lower die pressing rings 7 can be interchanged, and the universality is good.
The one-station lower die 4 is positioned above the one-station lower die base 3 and is screwed in a middle hole of the one-station lower die base 3 through a cylindrical bulge at the bottom; the second-station lower die 10 is positioned above the second-station lower die seat 9 and is screwed in a middle hole of the second-station lower die seat 9 through a cylindrical bulge at the bottom; the three-station punching connecting skin lower die 14 is fixedly arranged above the three-station lower die base 13 through bolts. Through screw thread or bolted connection, can realize quick the reloading, change into the blanking mould of different specification blank pieces, the commonality is good, and especially the cylinder arch inserts the mode of carrying out the screw thread, has saved the bolt, and installs convenient and fast more.
The outer walls of the first-station upper die holder 5, the second-station upper die holder 11 and the third-station upper die holder 15 are provided with tapers, and the tapers are fixedly arranged below the upper die plate 2 through respective upper die pressing rings 8 and bolts. The three upper die pressing rings 8 can also be interchanged, and the universality is good.
The one-station upper die 6 is positioned below the one-station upper die base 5 and is in screwed connection with a middle hole of the one-station upper die base 5 through a cylindrical bulge at the top; the second-station upper die 12 is positioned below the second-station upper die holder 11 and is in screwed connection with a middle hole of the second-station upper die holder 11 through a cylindrical bulge at the top; the top of the three-station punching and connecting skin punch 16 is fixedly arranged below the three-station upper die holder 15 through a central bolt. And the device is also connected by threads or bolts, so that quick replacement and assembly can be realized, and the universality is good.
A circular positioning pit 4a which is 2% larger than the diameter of the material rod used in the step A is arranged in the middle of the top of the one-station lower die 4, and in view of the fact that the workpiece has 1.5% of expansion with heat and contraction with cold after being heated, a certain allowance is reserved to facilitate the workpiece to be placed in, and the circular positioning pit 4a is 2% larger than the diameter of the material rod. The circular locating pit 4a is used for locating the bar on the mould to ensure that the bar is in the centre of the mould.
And the root angle of the circular positioning pit 4a is an obtuse angle so as to prevent the folding or the interlayer from being formed during upsetting, if the root right angle is adopted, the folding or the interlayer is easily formed in the subsequent process, and the strength of the local position of the blank is influenced. The height of the circular positioning pit 4a is preferably 2mm, and the root angle is preferably 135 °.
And stamping bosses are respectively arranged at the bottom of the first-station upper die 6, the bottom of the second-station upper die 12 and the top of the second-station lower die 10. The top of the three-station lower die base 13 is centrally provided with a material receiving cavity 13a, and the flushed connected skin falls into the material receiving cavity 13 a. The bottom of the material receiving cavity 13a is provided with an inclined downward material receiving slope groove 13b, so that the connected skin of the material receiving cavity 13a can automatically slide downward under the action of gravity. One side of the material receiving cavity 13a is horizontally provided with an anti-blocking cleaning hole 13c, once blocking occurs, a stick is inserted into the anti-blocking cleaning hole 13c to clean blocking objects.
The three-station continuous punching skin lower die 14 is provided with a vertically through middle hole, the top of the three-station continuous punching skin lower die 14 is provided with a positioning boss 14a, and when the third continuous punching skin die is closed, the three-station continuous punching skin punch 16 falls into the middle hole of the three-station continuous punching skin lower die 14.
As shown in fig. 5, a forging process of a main reduction gear blank includes:
step A, blanking; and sawing and blanking by adopting a bar stock.
Step B, heating to a forging temperature above 1150 ℃; preferably 1200 ℃.
And step C, upsetting and punching a connecting skin.
Step D, performing rolling and expanding;
and E, finish forging and forming.
Wherein, step C is divided into two upsetting and one punching and connecting skin, and a three-station quick-change blank-making die of a 400T closed single-point press is used in step C.
The specific process steps of the step C are as follows: and (3) placing the heated bar discharged out of the furnace on a first upsetting die of a three-station quick-change blank making die of a 400T closed single-point press, starting the press, moving the slide block to a set position for upsetting, returning the slide block to an initial position, stopping, clamping the blank, and taking out the blank.
And clamping the blank, vertically reversing the blank by 180 degrees, putting the blank into a second upsetting die of a three-station quick-change blank making die of a 400T closed single-point press, starting the press, returning the slide block to an initial position after the slide block descends to a set position for upsetting, stopping, clamping the workpiece, and taking out the blank.
And clamping a workpiece, putting the blank into a third continuous punching skin die of a three-station quick-change blank making die of a 400T closed single-point press, starting the press, moving the slide block downwards to a set position to punch continuous skins, after the continuous skins in the middle of the blank are punched, returning the slide block to an initial position, stopping, clamping the workpiece, and taking out the blank.
The roll-expanding pre-forming die used in the step D is shown in FIG. 7, and the die is installed on a D51K-350B numerical control vertical ring rolling machine; consisting of a core roll 35 and a rolling wheel 36. The rolling wheel is provided with two identical cavities I and II, when the cavities I are worn and failed, the rolling die is turned over for 180 degrees and the cavities II are continuously used, so that the service life is doubled.
As shown in fig. 6, a final forging die of a 1600T electric screw press is used in step E. The finish forging forming die mainly comprises a finish forging lower die base 21, a three-fork-shaped jacking block 22, a jacking rod 23, a finish forging lower die positioning base 24, a finish forging lower forming die 25, a finish forging lower convex die core 26, a finish forging lower die sleeve 27, a finish forging lower die pressing ring 28, a finish forging upper die base 29, a finish forging upper forming die 30, a finish forging upper die reducing ring 31 and a finish forging upper die pressing ring 32.
The three-forked top block 22 is placed in the sinking table of the finish forging die holder 21. The finish forging lower die positioning seat 24 and the finish forging lower forming die 25 are sequentially installed from bottom to top.
Each fork foot of the three-fork-shaped jacking block 22 is provided with a jacking rod 23, and the number of the three fork feet is three, and correspondingly, the jacking rods 23 are uniformly distributed in the circumferential direction. The ejector rod 23 passes through the finish forging lower die positioning seat 24 and abuts against the bottom of the finish forging lower forming die 25, and is used for pushing the finish forging lower forming die 25 to move upwards to realize workpiece demoulding.
The finish forging lower forming die 25 is sleeved outside the finish forging lower convex die core 26, and the finish forging lower convex die core 26 is fixed on the finish forging lower die positioning seat 24 through bolts. The finish forging lower punch core 26 is provided to ensure the shape and size of the center hole of the workpiece in the finish forging.
The finish forging lower die sleeve 27 is sleeved outside the finish forging lower die 25, and the bottom of the finish forging lower die sleeve 27 is pressed on the step surface of the finish forging lower die positioning seat 24, so that the finish forging lower die 25 can move up and down relative to the finish forging lower die sleeve 27, and the finish forging lower die positioning seat 24 cannot move.
The outer wall of the finish forging lower die sleeve 27 is tapered and fixedly mounted on the finish forging lower die base 21 through a finish forging lower die pressing ring 28 and a bolt, the finish forging upper die reducing ring 31 is sleeved outside the finish forging upper forming die 30 through a step surface, and the finish forging upper die pressing ring 32 is sleeved outside the finish forging upper die reducing ring 31 through a step surface and fixedly mounted on the finish forging upper die base 29 through a bolt. Realize quick reloading to satisfy the work piece finish forging shaping of different dimensions.
When the finish forging forming die is closed, the finish forging upper forming die 30 extends into the finish forging lower die sleeve 27, and the finish forging lower die core 26 extends into the finish forging upper forming die 30.
Preferably, a lower cushion block 33 is installed in the finish forging lower die base 21, an upper cushion block 34 is installed in the finish forging upper die base 29, the finish forging lower die positioning base 24 abuts on the upper side of the lower cushion block 33, the three-fork shaped top block 22 is placed in the lower cushion block 33, and the finish forging upper forming die 30 abuts on the lower side of the upper cushion block 34.
And E, placing the blank subjected to rolling and preforming into a final forging forming die of a 1600T electric screw press, starting the electric screw press, descending the slide block to a set position to strike the blank, performing sliding return to an initial position after the blank is subjected to final forging forming, stopping, driving the ejector rod to eject the workpiece upwards by the three-fork-shaped ejector block, clamping the workpiece, and taking out.
Upsetting, punching connecting skin, rolling ring to make blank, and final forging, wherein the inner hole is already made during ring rolling, the projected area of the forged piece is greatly reduced, the connecting skin part with thin middle part does not exist, the forming force required by the blank is obviously reduced, the filling capacity of the sharp corner is improved, the blank can be properly reduced by a certain machining allowance, and the purpose of saving materials is achieved. The weight of the blank after finish forging forming is 6.05Kg, the weight of the connected skin is 0.22Kg, and the weight of the blanking is 6.66 Kg. Compare traditional technology, the weight of single-piece unloading differs: 7.31-6.66-0.65 Kg, greatly reducing the cost and having obvious market advantage.
Claims (2)
1. The utility model provides a three station quick change system base moulds of main reduction gear blank, includes lower bolster (1), cope match-plate pattern (2), its characterized in that: a first upsetting die, a second upsetting die and a third punching connecting skin die are sequentially arranged between the lower template (1) and the upper template (2) at intervals; the first upsetting die comprises a station lower die seat (3), a station lower die (4), a station upper die seat (5), a station upper die (6), a lower die pressing ring (7) and an upper die pressing ring (8), the second upsetting die comprises a station lower die seat (9), a station lower die (10), a station upper die seat (11), a station upper die (12), a station lower die pressing ring (7) and an upper die pressing ring (8), and the third punching connecting skin die comprises a station lower die seat (13), a station punching connecting skin lower die (14), a station upper die seat (15), a station punching connecting skin punch head (16), a lower die pressing ring (7) and an upper die pressing ring (8);
the outer walls of the first-station lower die seat (3), the second-station lower die seat (9) and the third-station lower die seat (13) are provided with tapers and are fixedly mounted above the lower die plate (1) through respective lower die pressing rings (7) and bolts respectively, the first-station lower die (4) is positioned above the first-station lower die seat (3) and is in screwed connection with a middle hole of the first-station lower die seat (3) through a cylindrical bulge at the bottom, the second-station lower die (10) is positioned above the second-station lower die seat (9) and is in screwed connection with a middle hole of the second-station lower die seat (9) through a cylindrical bulge at the bottom, and the third-station punching connecting skin lower die (14) is fixedly mounted above the third-station lower die seat (13) through bolts;
the outer walls of the first-station upper die holder (5), the second-station upper die holder (11) and the third-station upper die holder (15) are provided with tapers and are fixedly mounted below the upper die plate (2) through respective upper die pressing rings (8) and bolts respectively, the first-station upper die (6) is positioned below the first-station upper die holder (5) and is in threaded connection with a middle hole of the first-station upper die holder (5) through a cylindrical bulge at the top, the second-station upper die (12) is positioned below the second-station upper die holder (11) and is in threaded connection with a middle hole of the second-station upper die holder (11) through a cylindrical bulge at the top, and the top of the three-station punching connecting leather punch (16) is fixedly mounted below the third-station upper die holder (15) through a central bolt;
a circular positioning pit (4a) which is 2% larger than the diameter of the material rod used in the step A is arranged in the middle of the top of the first station lower die (4), and the root angle of the circular positioning pit (4a) is an obtuse angle so as to prevent the material rod from forming a folding or an interlayer during upsetting; stamping bosses are respectively arranged at the bottom of the first-station upper die (6), the bottom of the second-station upper die (12) and the top of the second-station lower die (10); a material receiving cavity (13a) is formed in the middle of the top of the three-station lower die holder (13), an inclined downward material receiving slope groove (13b) is formed in the bottom of the material receiving cavity (13a), an anti-blocking cleaning hole (13c) is horizontally formed in one side of the material receiving cavity (13a), a middle hole which is communicated up and down is formed in the three-station punching connecting skin lower die (14), a positioning boss (14a) is arranged at the top of the three-station punching connecting skin lower die (14), and when the third punching connecting skin lower die is closed, a three-station punching connecting skin punch head (16) falls into the middle hole of the three-station punching connecting skin lower die (14); the lower die plate (1) is used for mounting a first-station lower die holder (3), a second-station lower die holder (9) and a third-station lower die holder (13), lower cushion plates (17) are respectively arranged in the sinking platforms, the upper die plate (2) is used for mounting a first-station upper die holder (5), a second-station upper die holder (11) and a third-station upper die holder (15), upper cushion plates (18) are respectively arranged in the sinking platforms, and different positioning keys (19) are respectively arranged among the lower cushion plate (17) of the third punching connecting leather die, the lower die plate (1) and the third-station lower die holder (13); four guide posts (20) which are arranged in a rectangular shape are arranged between the lower template (1) and the upper template (2).
2. A three-station quick-change blank making die for a main reduction gear blank as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the height of the circular positioning pit (4a) is 2mm, and the root angle is 135 degrees.
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| CN202110992731.9A CN113618005B (en) | 2021-08-27 | 2021-08-27 | Three-station quick-change blank making die for main reduction gear blank |
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| CN202110992731.9A CN113618005B (en) | 2021-08-27 | 2021-08-27 | Three-station quick-change blank making die for main reduction gear blank |
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| CN113618005B CN113618005B (en) | 2023-12-19 |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115446252A (en) * | 2022-09-15 | 2022-12-09 | 重庆旺德福机械有限公司 | Hollow shaft forging and pressing forming method |
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