CN113612506B - Low-complexity spatial modulation receiving end antenna selection method - Google Patents

Low-complexity spatial modulation receiving end antenna selection method Download PDF

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CN113612506B
CN113612506B CN202010537301.3A CN202010537301A CN113612506B CN 113612506 B CN113612506 B CN 113612506B CN 202010537301 A CN202010537301 A CN 202010537301A CN 113612506 B CN113612506 B CN 113612506B
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antenna
receiving end
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user
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CN113612506A (en
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束锋
刘林
夏桂阳
朱玲玲
李嘉钰
王云天
邹骏
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Nanjing University of Science and Technology
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
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    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/0413—MIMO systems
    • H04B7/0456—Selection of precoding matrices or codebooks, e.g. using matrices antenna weighting
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/0413—MIMO systems
    • H04B7/0426—Power distribution
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/06—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station
    • H04B7/0613—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission
    • H04B7/0615—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal
    • H04B7/0619—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal using feedback from receiving side
    • H04B7/0621—Feedback content
    • H04B7/0626—Channel coefficients, e.g. channel state information [CSI]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/06—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station
    • H04B7/0613—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission
    • H04B7/0615—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal
    • H04B7/0619—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal using feedback from receiving side
    • H04B7/0621—Feedback content
    • H04B7/0632—Channel quality parameters, e.g. channel quality indicator [CQI]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/08—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the receiving station
    • H04B7/0802—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the receiving station using antenna selection
    • H04B7/0805—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the receiving station using antenna selection with single receiver and antenna switching
    • H04B7/0814—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the receiving station using antenna selection with single receiver and antenna switching based on current reception conditions, e.g. switching to different antenna when signal level is below threshold
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/08—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the receiving station
    • H04B7/0837—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the receiving station using pre-detection combining
    • H04B7/0842—Weighted combining
    • H04B7/0848—Joint weighting
    • H04B7/0854—Joint weighting using error minimizing algorithms, e.g. minimum mean squared error [MMSE], "cross-correlation" or matrix inversion
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
    • H04L1/02—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by diversity reception
    • H04L1/06—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by diversity reception using space diversity
    • H04L1/0612—Space-time modulation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
    • H04L1/02—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by diversity reception
    • H04L1/06—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by diversity reception using space diversity
    • H04L1/0618—Space-time coding
    • H04L1/0631—Receiver arrangements
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02D—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES [ICT], I.E. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AIMING AT THE REDUCTION OF THEIR OWN ENERGY USE
    • Y02D30/00—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks
    • Y02D30/70—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks in wireless communication networks

Abstract

The invention provides a low-complexity spatial modulation receiving end antenna selection method. This method requires that the transmitting end knows the channel state information of the desired user and the eavesdropper. Assume that the expected receiving end has a total of N b Root antenna from which N is selected t The root antenna receives the data and then feeds back the selected mode to the transmitting end. The transmitter maps a portion of the transmitted information bits to antenna indices and another portion to conventional amplitude phase modulation. And simultaneously, precoding and artificial noise projection are carried out, the transmitter sends signals, and the receiving end can completely recover and send information according to the detected antenna serial number and the modulation symbol. Compared with the traditional antenna selection technology, the invention greatly improves the safety rate, expects that the user can well demodulate the useful signal and cannot recover the useful signal at the illegal eavesdropping end, thereby better improving the safety performance of the system.

Description

Low-complexity spatial modulation receiving end antenna selection method
Technical Field
The patent technology of the invention belongs to the technical field of wireless communication, and particularly relates to a method for selecting a receiving antenna in a low-complexity spatial modulation system
Background
The transmission principle of the spatial modulation technique is to map a part of the transmitted information bits to antenna indexes and another part to conventional amplitude phase modulation symbols. The spatial modulation technique is an intermediate route between a space-time division structure and a space-time block code in a Bell laboratory, and can realize good balance of spatial multiplexing and spatial diversity. As a novel multi-antenna technology, because only one transmitting or receiving antenna is activated in each time slot, the problems of inter-channel interference and synchronization of multi-antenna transmission can be effectively avoided.
Wireless communications are typically vulnerable to eavesdropping and active malicious attacks due to their broadcast nature. Secure spatial modulation as a security capability to enhance spatial modulation has attracted increased research interest in academia and industry due to its high energy efficiency. The spatial modulation of the receiving end is that the transmitter maps one part of the transmitted information bits to the antenna index of the receiving end by designing precoding, and the other part is mapped to the traditional amplitude phase signal, which utilizes the difference of wireless channels, so that the expected receiver can correctly demodulate the information transmitted by the transmitting end according to the detected antenna serial number and the modulation symbol, and the signal form received by the eavesdropping user at the receiving end is different from that of the expected user, and meanwhile, the eavesdropping user is additionally interfered by artificial noise to cause that the eavesdropping user can not demodulate the transmitted information or can not demodulate the transmitted information, thereby enhancing the security of the spatial modulation. Besides, the signal detection complexity of the user is expected to be low, and the method is suitable for low-power-consumption scenes such as the Internet of things and a wireless sensor network. Although there is a literature on safe receiving-end spatial modulation, the influence of receiving-end antenna selection on the safe rate has not been studied so far. The method is researched to derive the upper bound, namely the safe rate is directly maximized, but the complexity is higher, so that the low-complexity spatial modulation receiving end antenna selection method is provided.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems, the invention provides a low-complexity spatial modulation receiving end antenna selection method, which replaces mutual information quantity by using cut-off rate, and simultaneously approximates the safe rate by using a special symbol mapping mode of spatial modulation.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention comprises the following specific processes: s1, in low-complexity spatial modulation receiving end antenna selection, a transmitting end is provided with N a Root antenna, intended receiving end equipped with N b A root antenna. Eavesdropping user equipment N e A root antenna. The transmitting end transmits the training sequence and simultaneously carries out channel estimation on the channel. Because the complexity of selecting the antenna by adopting the criterion of maximizing the safe rate is overhigh, the reachable rate based on a cut-off rate formula is adopted to replace the average safe rate, and the special mapping mode of the spatial modulation symbols is considered on the basis, namely only one antenna index is activated at each moment, so that the optimization problem is further converted into the antenna selection problem based on the approximate safe rate maximization
Figure GDA0002700053000000021
It is desirable that a user selects a set of antenna modes according to a low-complexity receiving-end antenna selection method based on approximate safe rate maximization under the condition of obtaining channel state information. S2, the expected user feeds back the mode to the transmitter, the transmitter maps one part of the sent information bits as antenna indexes, the other part of the sent information bits as traditional amplitude phase modulation, and artificial noise is added in the transmitted signals, so that a precoding matrix and artificial noise beamforming are required to be designed. The transmitted signal after bit stream mapping, precoding and artificial noise by the transmitter is expressed as
Figure GDA0002700053000000022
S3, expecting a user receiving end to receive signals, wherein the receiving end can completely recover the source information according to the received antenna serial number and the modulation symbol.
The method provided by the invention can enable the expected user to correctly demodulate the source information, and an eavesdropper is difficult to detect the transmitted signal due to the difference of channels and the influence of artificial noise. The low-complexity receiving end antenna selection method can obtain higher safety rate and improve the safety transmission performance of the system. The average safe rate performance far exceeds random antenna selection, and is close to the upper bound of theory, namely the performance of the method for directly maximizing the safe rate, but the complexity is far lower than that of the method for directly maximizing the safe rate.
Additional aspects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a block diagram of a precoding-assisted receiver-side spatial modulation system.
Fig. 2 shows a safe rate variation curve of a low-complexity receiving-end antenna selection algorithm.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further illustrated by the following figures and specific examples, which are to be construed as merely illustrative and not limitative of the remainder of the disclosure, and all changes and modifications that would be obvious to those skilled in the art are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention and the appended claims are intended to be embraced therein.
The invention provides a precoding-assisted receiving end space modulation system model, wherein a transmitting end (Alice) is provided with N a Root antenna, intended user (Bob) equipped with N b A root antenna. Eavesdropping user (Eve) equips N e A root antenna. After estimating the channel state information by using the related channel estimation algorithm, the expected user selects N r And the root antenna then returns the activated antenna combination mode to the transmitting end, and the transmitting end performs bit stream mapping, precoding and artificial noise. At this time, alice's transmission signal may be represented as
Figure GDA0002700053000000031
P S For total transmitted power, p 1 For transmitting power division of useful signalsCoefficient of distribution, ρ 2 ＝1-ρ 1 Distribution of the transmission power of the artificial noise, e n Express identity matrix I Nt Of the nth column, s m ，m∈[1,2,…,M]Representing the mth constellation symbol in an M-dimensional constellation. P k For a precoding matrix, P AN A noise projection matrix. The artificial noise is added to make the interference to the eavesdropper more serious, and the system obtains higher security. The expected channel matrix and the wiretap channel matrix are respectively H and G, and the received signals of the corresponding expected user and wiretap user are as follows:
Figure GDA0002700053000000032
Figure GDA0002700053000000033
Figure GDA0002700053000000034
the receiving end selects the ith antenna to obtain the unit matrix
Figure GDA0002700053000000035
In the selection of the ith row vector, select N in total t And an antenna selection matrix formed by row vectors. From N b Selecting N from root antenna t Root antenna, in common
Figure GDA0002700053000000036
The pattern, where K ∈ (1,. K) denotes the kth combination pattern.
Average safe rate R s Defined as the average of the differences between the amount of mutual information expected from the user to the transmitter and the amount of mutual information eavesdropped from the user to the transmitter in different channel conditions.
Figure GDA0002700053000000037
Expecting the user to sendMutual information quantity I (x; y) of transmitter b |H,T k P) is defined as follows:
Figure GDA0002700053000000038
wherein
Figure GDA0002700053000000039
Since the transmitter injects artificial noise, the noise received by the eavesdropping user is colored noise, and can be processed by a whitening filter W for analysis -1/2 Whitening filtering is carried out, and the filtered noise vector is
Figure GDA0002700053000000041
Wherein
Figure GDA0002700053000000042
Eavesdropping on the mutual information quantity I (x; y) of the user to the transmitter e |G,T k P) is expressed as follows:
Figure GDA0002700053000000043
in the above formula
Figure GDA0002700053000000044
Selecting N in a receiving antenna r The optimization problem of the root antenna to maximize the average safe rate is defined as follows:
max R s subject to T k ∈{T 1 ,T 2 ,...,T K } (7)
since the mutual information amount is calculated in calculating the safe rate, the calculation is carried out by Monte Carlo simulation, and the complexity is
Figure GDA0002700053000000045
N samp Representing the number of simulated noise sample points. We reduce its complexity by the following method, and the mutual information quantity of the two can be usedStop rate substitution, which is a valid approximation.
Figure GDA0002700053000000046
Figure GDA0002700053000000047
At this point the safe rate is approximately
Figure GDA0002700053000000048
The optimization problem is transformed as follows:
Figure GDA0002700053000000049
further to account for the particular manner of symbol mapping in spatial modulation, only one receive antenna is activated at a time, then | e n s m -e n′ s m′ ‖ 2 Distance d of available mapping signal 1 ,d 2 ,…,d J And probability of its occurrence f 1 ,f 2 ,…,f J Approximate substitution. Further approximation is made as follows
Figure GDA00027000530000000410
Figure GDA00027000530000000411
Wherein Q = W -1/2 GP k 。
Figure GDA0002700053000000051
The final optimization problem turns into
Figure GDA0002700053000000052
With a complexity of
Figure GDA0002700053000000053
Much less complex than equation (7). Simulation results show that the safe rate performance of the low-complexity receiving-end antenna selection method is close to the performance of the method for directly maximizing the safe rate.
Fig. 1 is a block diagram of a precoding-assisted receiver-side spatial modulation system.
Fig. 2 is a diagram showing a safety rate versus signal-to-noise ratio curve of the proposed low complexity algorithm, where the number of transmitter antennas is 7, the number of receiver total antennas is 7, the number of selectively activated receive antennas is 4, and the power distribution coefficients of the signal and the artificial noise are 0.5 and 0.5, respectively. As can be seen from the figure, the proposed low complexity antenna selection algorithm safe rate curve approaches the upper bound, i.e. the method of maximizing the safe rate, but it is less complex. Meanwhile, the proposed low-complexity antenna selection algorithm is far higher than the safety rate obtained by a random antenna selection method. This shows that the proposed low complexity antenna selection method can achieve very good safe transmission performance.

Claims (1)

1. A low-complexity spatial modulation receiving end antenna selection method is characterized in that: in the selection of the low-complexity spatial modulation receiving end antenna, the receiving end is expected to select a group of antennas as receiving antennas according to a maximum approximate safe rate criterion, and the specific process comprises the following steps:
s1, in low-complexity spatial modulation receiving end antenna selection, a sending end is provided with N a Root antenna, intended receiving end equipped with N b A root antenna; eavesdropping user equipment N e A root antenna; the transmitting end transmits a training sequence and simultaneously carries out channel estimation on a channel; expecting users to select from N according to low-complexity antenna selection method under condition of obtaining channel state information b Selecting N from root antenna r The root antenna is used as a receiving antenna for receiving end space modulation;
s2, the expected user feeds back the transmission mode to the transmitter, the transmitter maps one part of the transmitted information bits as antenna indexes, and the other part of the transmitted information bits as traditional amplitude phase signals, and pre-coding and artificial noise projection are carried out at the same time;
s3, expecting a user receiving end to receive signals, wherein the receiving end can completely recover source information according to the received antenna serial number and the modulation symbol;
the transmitter adopts precoding to map the signal to a receiving antenna, and artificial noise is added in the transmitted signal, so a precoding matrix and artificial noise beamforming need to be designed; the transmitted signal after the transmitting end performs bit stream mapping, precoding and artificial noise can be expressed as
Figure FDA0003774646980000011
Wherein, P S For total transmitted power, p 1 Distribution of the transmission power of the useful signal, p 2 ＝1-ρ 1 Distribution of the transmission power of the artificial noise, e n Express identity matrix I Nt Of the nth column, s m ，m∈[1,2,…,M]Representing the mth constellation symbol, P, in an M-dimensional constellation diagram k For a precoding matrix, P AN Projecting a matrix for the noise;
the expected channel matrix and the wiretap channel matrix are respectively H and G, and the received signals of the corresponding expected user and wiretap user are as follows:
Figure FDA0003774646980000012
Figure FDA0003774646980000013
Figure FDA0003774646980000021
the receiving end selects the ith antenna to obtain the unit matrix
Figure FDA0003774646980000022
Selecting the ith row vector, and selecting N in total t An antenna selection matrix formed by row and column vectors; from N b Selecting N from root antenna t Root antenna, in common
Figure FDA0003774646980000023
A pattern, where K ∈ (1.. K) denotes a kth combination pattern;
average safe rate R s Defined as the average of the differences between the mutual information amounts expected from users to the transmitter and the mutual information amounts intercepted from users to the transmitter in different channel states
Figure FDA0003774646980000024
The amount of mutual information I (x; y) desired from the user to the transmitter b |H,T k P) is defined as follows:
Figure FDA0003774646980000025
wherein
Figure FDA0003774646980000026
Since the transmitter injects artificial noise, the noise received by the eavesdropping user is colored noise, and can be processed by a whitening filter W for analysis -1/2 Whitening filtering is carried out, and the filtered noise vector is
Figure FDA0003774646980000027
Wherein
Figure FDA0003774646980000028
Eavesdropping on the mutual information quantity I (x; y) of the user to the transmitter e |G,T k P) is expressed as follows:
Figure FDA0003774646980000029
in the above formula
Figure FDA00037746469800000210
Selecting N in a receiving antenna r The optimization problem of the root antenna to maximize the average safe rate is defined as follows:
max R s subject to T k ∈{T 1 ,T 2 ,…,T K } (7)
since the mutual information amount is calculated in calculating the safe rate, the calculation is carried out by Monte Carlo simulation, and the complexity is
Figure FDA00037746469800000211
N samp The simulation noise sampling point number is expressed, and the complexity is reduced by the following method
Figure FDA00037746469800000212
Figure FDA0003774646980000031
At this point the safe rate is approximately
Figure FDA0003774646980000032
The optimization problem is transformed as follows:
Figure FDA0003774646980000033
further to account for the particular manner of symbol mapping in spatial modulation, where only one receive antenna is activated at a time, then | e n s m -e n′ s m′ ‖ 2 Distance d of available mapping signal 1 ,d 2 ,…,d J And probability of its occurrence f 1 ,f 2 ,…,f J Approximate substitution;
further approximation is made as follows
Figure FDA0003774646980000034
Figure FDA0003774646980000035
Wherein Q = W -1/2 GP k ；
Figure FDA0003774646980000036
The final optimization problem turns into
Figure FDA0003774646980000037
With a complexity of
Figure FDA0003774646980000038
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CN106982086A (en) * 2017-03-29 2017-07-25 中山大学 A kind of modulating method selected based on dual-mode antenna
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