CN113609739B - Construction method of material heat treatment process and microstructure and performance relation database - Google Patents
Construction method of material heat treatment process and microstructure and performance relation database Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The application relates to the technical field of material preparation, in particular to a method for constructing a database of the relationship between a material heat treatment process, microstructure and performance. According to the application, a sample is processed by adopting a gradient heat treatment method, the actually measured temperature curves of a plurality of typical positions on the sample are obtained, the temperature field simulation is carried out on the whole sample by adopting finite element simulation software, the actually measured temperature curves are utilized to correct the simulated temperature curves, the corrected temperature curves of any positions of the sample are obtained, and meanwhile, the multi-point microstructure and micro-area performance data of the sample are represented.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of material preparation, in particular to a method for constructing a database of the relationship between a material heat treatment process, microstructure and performance.
Background
The metal or alloy material adopts different heat treatment processes, the internal microstructure has great difference, and the microstructure determines the performance of the material, so that the research on the regulation and control effect of the heat treatment process of the material on the microstructure and the performance is always an important link of the material research.
In the prior art, in order to obtain the relationship between the heat treatment process and the microstructure and the performance of the material, the method adopted is specifically shown as a conventional method in fig. 1: and processing a batch of samples, adopting different heat treatment processes, adopting one sample for one heat treatment process, characterizing the microstructure corresponding to the samples under the different heat treatment processes, and measuring the performance of the corresponding samples. It can be seen that the conventional method requires a plurality of samples and a plurality of heat treatment experiments to obtain a heat treatment process-microstructure-performance relational database, which is long in time and high in cost. Meanwhile, the heat treatment process parameter data obtained in the process are discrete, and the optimal heat treatment parameters are difficult to obtain.
Disclosure of Invention
Based on the method, the application adopts the method shown as the gradient heat treatment method in the figure 1 to construct a database, carries out gradient heat treatment on one sample to obtain a plurality of heat treatment systems, a plurality of process parameters and a plurality of microstructures and performance data corresponding to the heat treatment systems, adopts finite element simulation software to simulate, corrects a simulated temperature curve by using an actually measured heat treatment system to obtain a corrected temperature curve, and constructs a material heat treatment process-microstructure-performance relation database.
The embodiment of the application provides a method for constructing a database of the relationship between a material heat treatment process, a microstructure and performance, which specifically comprises the following steps:
processing a material to be tested into a rod-shaped test piece, and performing gradient heat treatment; in the gradient heat treatment process, a temperature detector is adopted to monitor temperature fields of a plurality of positions of the outer surface of a test piece along an axis, and a plurality of actually measured heat treatment cooling temperature curves are obtained;
calculating an initial interface heat exchange coefficient according to thermal physical parameters of the material to be tested at different temperatures, and simulating the test piece by adopting limited simulation software to obtain a simulated heat treatment cooling temperature curve of any position in the axial direction of the test piece;
according to the actually measured heat treatment cooling temperature curve, carrying out simulated heat treatment temperature curve correction according to a temperature curve correction method to obtain a corrected heat treatment cooling temperature curve of any position in the axial direction of the test piece;
and testing microstructure and performance data of the test piece subjected to the gradient heat treatment at different positions along the axis direction, and constructing a heat treatment process, microstructure and performance relation database according to the corrected heat treatment cooling temperature curve.
Further, the gradient heat treatment process specifically comprises the following steps:
and heating the temperature monitoring test piece, performing heat preservation treatment, cooling from one end of the temperature monitoring test piece, and performing heat preservation treatment on other surfaces.
Further, the setting mode of the monitoring position of the temperature field mainly selects a plurality of typical positions for temperature detection according to a specific heat treatment mode, and specifically comprises the following steps: one at intervals of 2-50 mm.
Further, the temperature curve correction method specifically includes:
comparing the simulated heat treatment cooling temperature profile with the measured heat treatment cooling temperature profile:
when the error is less than or equal to 5%, taking the simulated heat treatment cooling temperature curve as an actual heat treatment cooling temperature curve;
and when the error is more than 5%, carrying out optimization iteration of the heat exchange coefficient according to the actually measured heat treatment cooling temperature curve, and correcting the heat exchange coefficient crystal type simulation heat treatment cooling temperature curve after the optimization iteration until the error is less than or equal to 5%, so as to obtain a corrected heat treatment cooling temperature curve.
Further, the microstructural assay comprises: morphology, volume fraction or size distribution of material precipitate phases and grain microstructure.
Further, the performance data includes hardness, thermal conductivity, lattice parameter, segregation coefficient, residual stress, and the like.
Based on the same inventive concept, the embodiment of the application also provides application of the database constructed by the method for constructing the material heat treatment process, microstructure and performance relation database in material heat treatment process parameter selection.
The beneficial effects are that:
the application adopts a gradient heat treatment method to treat a material sample, monitors temperature change through the arrangement of a plurality of temperature detectors, simultaneously carries out simulation, obtains temperature curves of different positions of the sample by adopting finite element simulation software after obtaining thermophysical parameters of the material at different temperatures, corrects the simulated curves by using the temperature change curves obtained by monitoring to obtain accurate temperature curves of any positions of the material, thereby obtaining heat treatment process parameters, and constructs a heat treatment process-microstructure and performance relation database by measuring microstructure and performance data of different positions after gradient heat treatment.
It is to be understood that both the foregoing general description and the following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory only and are not restrictive of the application as claimed.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a conventional method and a gradient heat treatment method for obtaining a database of the relationship between a heat treatment process and microstructure and performance of a material according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of a method for constructing a database of the relationship between microstructure and performance and a material heat treatment process according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 3 is a flow chart of cooling rate of any position of a gradient heat treatment sample obtained by adopting a method of "simulation and experiment verification" according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 4 is a flow chart for solving the comprehensive heat exchange coefficient provided by the embodiment of the application;
FIG. 5 is a graph of cooling curves for five exemplary locations using thermocouple monitoring provided in an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 6 shows the cooling rate of different positions of 100 points of a sample obtained by adopting a method of "simulation and experiment verification" according to the embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 7 shows the microstructure of the precipitated phases at five different locations (5 mm,20mm,50mm,80mm,90mm from the cooling end, respectively) of a test piece according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 8 shows microhardness distribution values for five different locations (5 mm,20mm,50mm,80mm,90mm from the cooling end, respectively) of a sample provided in an embodiment of the present application.
Detailed Description
The present application will be described in further detail with reference to the drawings and examples, in order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present application more apparent. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the application.
As shown in fig. 2, in one embodiment, a method for constructing a database of a relationship between a material heat treatment process and microstructure and performance is provided, which specifically includes:
and step S101, processing a material to be tested into a bar-shaped test piece, and performing gradient heat treatment, wherein in the gradient heat treatment process, a temperature detector is adopted to monitor temperature fields of a plurality of positions of the outer surface of the test piece along the axis, so as to obtain a plurality of actually measured heat treatment cooling temperature curves.
In the embodiment of the application, in order to perform gradient heat treatment on the material, the material to be measured is firstly processed to obtain a uniform bar-type test piece, and the length of the bar-type test piece is 100-200mm. The gradient heat treatment process comprises the following steps: and (3) heating the test piece, performing heat preservation treatment, cooling from one end of the test piece, and performing heat preservation treatment on other surfaces. It should be understood that the heating rate, the heat-preserving temperature, the test piece, the cooling mode and the temperature of the cooling object in the gradient heat treatment process can be selected according to the types of materials, and the heating and heat-preserving process of the test piece can be the same or the test piece can be subjected to the heating and heat-preserving process in sections.
In the embodiment of the application, the temperature detector is used for monitoring temperature changes of different positions, and specifically comprises a thermocouple, an infrared temperature monitor and the like, wherein the monitoring position setting mode of the temperature field mainly selects a plurality of typical positions for temperature detection according to a specific heat treatment mode, and specifically comprises the following steps: one is arranged at each interval of 2-50 mm; for example, when the thermocouple is used for temperature monitoring, a plurality of thermocouples are welded on the surface of the test piece in advance, and the setting mode of the thermocouples is as follows: the distance between the thermocouples at the cooling end of the test piece is smaller and the distance between the thermocouples at the cooling end is farther than the distance between the thermocouples, and the setting distance between the thermocouples can be gradually increased. In the process, the specific positions of thermocouple settings are recorded, a plurality of thermocouples are arranged by taking a cooling end as a starting point, for example, 5 thermocouples are arranged at the positions of 5mm,20mm,50mm,80mm and 90mm, and the actual measured heat treatment cooling temperature curve in the gradient heat treatment process is recorded.
And S102, calculating an initial interface heat exchange coefficient according to thermophysical parameters of the material to be tested at different temperatures, and performing test piece simulation by adopting limited simulation software to obtain a simulated heat treatment cooling temperature curve of any position in the axial direction of the test piece.
In the embodiment of the application, the material to be tested is simulated, firstly, a group of thermophysical parameter data is measured from room temperature to material heat treatment temperature at each interval of 100 ℃, thermophysical parameter data at different temperatures are provided for subsequent finite element simulation, the thermophysical parameter data comprises heat conductivity, specific heat capacity and the like, an initial interface heat exchange coefficient is calculated, a model with the same size as a test piece is constructed by adopting finite element software, the same heat treatment simulation is carried out, and temperature curves of different positions of a gradient heat treatment test piece are calculated on the basis of considering box-change factors, so that a simulated heat treatment temperature curve of any position is obtained.
And step S103, performing simulated heat treatment temperature curve correction according to the actually measured heat treatment cooling temperature curve according to a temperature curve correction method, and obtaining a corrected heat treatment cooling temperature curve at any position in the axial direction of the test piece.
In an embodiment of the present application, a "simulation" is used as shown in FIG. 3And (3) obtaining a cooling rate flow chart of any position of the gradient heat treatment sample by a true and experimental verification method, comparing a temperature curve simulated by finite elements with an actually measured temperature curve, and if the error is less than or equal to 5%, considering that the prediction simulation result of any position of the whole sample is accurate. If the error is more than 5%, the heat exchange coefficient is required to be obtained through optimization iteration of the heat exchange coefficient according to the actually measured temperature curve until the error between the predicted temperature curve and the actually measured temperature curve is less than or equal to 5%. When the surface comprehensive heat exchange coefficient is calculated, firstly, assuming a transient surface comprehensive heat exchange coefficient value at the bottom end of a workpiece, and calculating the temperature distribution of the workpiece based on a Fourier heat conduction differential equation; comparing the temperature calculated value of the monitoring point with the measured value, and correcting the surface comprehensive heat exchange coefficient of the end quenching bottom end until the error between the temperature calculated value and experimental data reaches the allowable range; finally, outputting the value of the transient surface comprehensive heat exchange coefficient at the bottom end of the workpiece along with the temperature change, wherein the flow is shown in the figure 4, and T is shown in the figure 0 The initial temperature is given in K; t and delta t are time and time step length respectively, and the unit is s; e is a given convergence error; x is the temperature measurement T at time T e,i And calculated value T s,i Is the absolute value of the error of (a). The method of simulation prediction and experimental verification can improve the accuracy of monitoring the parameters of the heat treatment process on one hand and obtain a large amount of heat treatment process data on the other hand.
And step S104, testing microstructure and performance data of the test piece subjected to the gradient heat treatment at different positions along the axis direction, and constructing a heat treatment process and microstructure and performance relation database according to the corrected heat treatment cooling temperature curve.
In the embodiment of the application, the microstructure and performance data of the test piece subjected to the gradient treatment are tested along the axis direction, wherein the microstructure test comprises the following steps: morphology, volume fraction or size distribution of material precipitated phases and grain microstructure; wherein the performance data includes hardness, thermal conductivity, lattice parameter, segregation coefficient, residual stress, and the like. And (3) the measured microstructure and performance data are in one-to-one correspondence with the test piece position identifiers, so that a database of test piece positions, heat treatment process parameters, microstructure and performance data is constructed.
The database construction method adopts a gradient processing method to carry out different heat treatment processes on one test piece, combines the simulated and actually measured temperature curves, obtains an accurate event random position heat treatment temperature curve after correction, saves resources, time and labor, has large database data volume and provides a large amount of data basis for the selection of heat treatment process parameters.
Specific examples are described further below.
Examples
The method comprises the steps of taking a powder metallurgy nickel-based superalloy material as a material to be measured, processing the material to obtain a rod-shaped material with the diameter of 25mm and the length of 120mm, taking a cooling end as a starting point, and welding thermocouples at the positions 5mm,20mm,50mm,80mm and 90mm away from the cooling end (the bottom end of a cylinder) of the rod-shaped material for monitoring heat treatment temperature curves of the five positions. Carrying out gradient heat treatment on the test piece, wherein the specific process is as follows: wrapping the cylindrical surface and the top surface (far from the cooling end) by heat preservation cotton, heating to 900 ℃ at a heating rate of 10 ℃/min, heating to 1180 ℃ at a heating rate of 5 ℃/min, preserving heat for 40 minutes, pushing the end quenching sample out of a heating hearth, forcibly cooling the bottom end of the sample by adopting a compressed gas (room temperature) cooling medium,
the cooling rates for the 5 sites from which experimental monitoring was obtained are shown in fig. 5.
The method comprises the steps of obtaining thermal physical property parameters of heat conductivity and specific heat capacity of a material at different temperatures, calculating an initial interface heat exchange system, simulating by adopting finite element simulation software, calculating temperature cooling curves of different positions of a gradient heat treatment sample by taking phase change factors into consideration, iteratively calculating surface comprehensive heat exchange coefficients based on experimentally detected cooling temperature curves, correcting the temperature cooling curves of different positions of the simulated sample, and obtaining an accurate temperature cooling curve of any position of the gradient heat treatment sample, as shown in figure 6.
The microscopic structures of different positions of the test piece are observed and counted by adopting a scanning electron microscope, microhardness of the different positions of the test piece is measured by adopting a microhardness meter, the microscopic structure diagram and the microhardness distribution diagram of the whole test piece are shown in fig. 7 and 8, the size, the submitted fraction and the morphology of the test piece can be obtained from fig. 7, and the obtained data are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 gradient Heat treatment Cold Rate, precipitated phase characteristic parameters and hardness data for five typical locations
The foregoing examples illustrate only a few embodiments of the application and are described in detail herein without thereby limiting the scope of the application. It should be noted that it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the application, which are all within the scope of the application. Accordingly, the scope of protection of the present application is to be determined by the appended claims.
Other embodiments of the disclosure will be apparent to those skilled in the art from consideration of the specification and practice of the disclosure disclosed herein. This application is intended to cover any adaptations, uses, or adaptations of the disclosure following, in general, the principles of the disclosure and including such departures from the present disclosure as come within known or customary practice within the art to which the disclosure pertains. It is intended that the specification and examples be considered as exemplary only, with a true scope and spirit of the disclosure being indicated by the following claims.
It should be understood that, although the steps in the flowcharts of the embodiments of the present application are shown in order as indicated by the arrows, these steps are not necessarily performed in order as indicated by the arrows. The steps are not strictly limited to the order of execution unless explicitly recited herein, and the steps may be executed in other orders. Moreover, at least some of the steps in various embodiments may include multiple sub-steps or stages that are not necessarily performed at the same time, but may be performed at different times, nor do the order in which the sub-steps or stages are performed necessarily performed in sequence, but may be performed alternately or alternately with at least a portion of the sub-steps or stages of other steps or other steps.
The technical features of the above-described embodiments may be arbitrarily combined, and all possible combinations of the technical features in the above-described embodiments are not described for brevity of description, however, as long as there is no contradiction between the combinations of the technical features, they should be considered as the scope of the description.
Claims (6)
1. A construction method of a material heat treatment process, microstructure and performance relation database is characterized by comprising the following steps:
processing a material to be tested into a rod-shaped test piece, and performing gradient heat treatment, wherein in the gradient heat treatment process, a temperature detector is adopted to monitor temperature fields of a plurality of positions of the outer surface of the test piece along an axis, so as to obtain a plurality of actually measured heat treatment cooling temperature curves;
calculating an initial interface heat exchange coefficient according to thermal physical parameters of the material to be tested at different temperatures, and simulating the test piece by adopting limited simulation software to obtain a simulated heat treatment cooling temperature curve of any position in the axial direction of the test piece;
according to the actually measured heat treatment cooling temperature curve, carrying out simulated heat treatment temperature curve correction according to a temperature curve correction method to obtain a corrected heat treatment cooling temperature curve of any position in the axial direction of the test piece;
the temperature curve correction method specifically comprises the following steps:
comparing the simulated heat treatment cooling temperature profile with the measured heat treatment cooling temperature profile:
when the error is less than or equal to 5%, taking the simulated heat treatment cooling temperature curve as an actual heat treatment cooling temperature curve;
when the error is more than 5%, carrying out optimization iteration of the heat exchange coefficient according to the actually measured heat treatment cooling temperature curve, and correcting the simulated heat treatment cooling temperature curve in crystal form by adopting the heat exchange coefficient after optimization iteration until the error is less than or equal to 5%, so as to obtain a corrected heat treatment cooling temperature curve;
and testing microstructure and performance data of the test piece subjected to the gradient heat treatment at different positions along the axis direction, and constructing a heat treatment process, microstructure and performance relation database according to the corrected heat treatment cooling temperature curve.
2. The method for constructing a database of material heat treatment process, microstructure and performance relationships according to claim 1, wherein the gradient heat treatment process specifically comprises:
and heating the temperature monitoring test piece, performing heat preservation treatment, cooling from one end of the temperature monitoring test piece, and performing heat preservation treatment on other surfaces.
3. The method for constructing a database of the relationship between a microstructure and a performance of a material according to claim 1, wherein the monitoring position of the temperature field is set in the following manner: one at intervals of 2-50 mm.
4. The method for constructing a database of microstructure and property relationships and a material heat treatment process according to claim 1, wherein the determining of the microstructure comprises: morphology, volume fraction or size distribution of material precipitate phases and grain microstructure.
5. The method for constructing a database of material heat treatment process and microstructure and property relationships according to claim 1, wherein the property data includes hardness, thermal conductivity, lattice parameter, segregation coefficient and residual stress.
6. The application of the database constructed by the method for constructing the material heat treatment process, microstructure and performance relation database according to any of claims 1-5 in material heat treatment process parameter selection.
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