CN113609739A - Method for constructing material heat treatment process and microstructure and performance relation database - Google Patents
Method for constructing material heat treatment process and microstructure and performance relation database Download PDFInfo
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- CN113609739A CN113609739A CN202110943073.4A CN202110943073A CN113609739A CN 113609739 A CN113609739 A CN 113609739A CN 202110943073 A CN202110943073 A CN 202110943073A CN 113609739 A CN113609739 A CN 113609739A
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of material preparation, in particular to a method for constructing a material heat treatment process and a microstructure and performance relation database. The invention adopts a gradient heat treatment method to process a sample, obtains the actually measured temperature curves of a plurality of typical positions on the sample, and finite element simulation software is adopted to simulate the temperature field of the whole sample, the real temperature measurement curve is utilized to correct the simulated temperature curve, so as to obtain the corrected temperature curve of any position of the sample, simultaneously represents the multi-point microstructure and micro-area performance data of the sample, compared with the traditional method of one-time experiment and one-sample, the invention greatly reduces the experiment times and the sample number of the constructed material heat treatment process-microstructure-performance relational database, meanwhile, the continuous gradient distribution of the process, the microstructure and the performance which cannot be realized by the traditional method can be realized, and a new process path is provided for establishing a massive material heat treatment process-microstructure-performance database.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of material preparation, in particular to a method for constructing a material heat treatment process and a microstructure and performance relation database.
Background
The metal or alloy material adopts different heat treatment processes, the internal microstructures of the metal or alloy material have great difference, and the microstructures determine the performance of the material, so that the research on the regulation and control effects of the heat treatment process of the material on the microstructures and the performance is always an important link of the material research.
In the prior art, in order to obtain the relationship between the heat treatment process of the material and the microstructure-performance, the adopted method is specifically shown as the traditional method in the attached figure 1: processing a batch of samples, adopting different heat treatment processes, adopting one sample for one heat treatment process, representing the corresponding microstructures of the samples under different heat treatment processes, and measuring the performance of the corresponding samples. It can be seen that the traditional method needs a plurality of samples and a plurality of heat treatment experiments to obtain the heat treatment process-microstructure-performance relational database, and has long time and high cost. Meanwhile, the heat treatment process parameter data obtained in the process are discrete, and the optimal heat treatment parameters are difficult to obtain.
Disclosure of Invention
Based on the above, the present invention adopts the method shown in fig. 1 for gradient heat treatment method to construct a database, performs gradient heat treatment on a sample, obtains a plurality of heat treatment systems, a plurality of process parameters, and a plurality of microstructures and performance data corresponding to the heat treatment systems, simulates by using finite element simulation software, corrects the simulated temperature curve by using the actual measurement heat treatment system, obtains a corrected temperature curve, constructs a material heat treatment process-microstructure-performance relation database, and can realize the database construction by only using one sample and one heat treatment experiment in the process, thereby solving the technical problems of time and labor waste and limited data of the existing method.
The embodiment of the invention provides a method for constructing a material heat treatment process and a microstructure and performance relation database, which specifically comprises the following steps:
processing a material to be detected into a rod-shaped test piece, and performing gradient heat treatment; in the gradient heat treatment process, a temperature detector is adopted to monitor temperature fields of a plurality of positions of the outer surface of the test piece along the axis, and a plurality of actually measured heat treatment cooling temperature curves are obtained;
calculating an initial interface heat exchange coefficient according to thermophysical parameters of a material to be tested at different temperatures, and simulating the test piece by adopting limited simulation software to obtain a simulated heat treatment cooling temperature curve of any position in the axial direction of the test piece;
correcting a simulated heat treatment temperature curve according to the actually measured heat treatment cooling temperature curve by a temperature curve correction method to obtain a corrected heat treatment cooling temperature curve at any position of the axial direction of the test piece;
and testing the microstructure and performance data of the test piece subjected to the gradient heat treatment at different positions along the axis direction, and constructing a heat treatment process, microstructure and performance relation database according to the corrected heat treatment cooling temperature curve.
Further, the gradient heat treatment process specifically comprises:
and heating the temperature monitoring test piece, carrying out heat preservation treatment, cooling from one end of the temperature monitoring test piece, and carrying out heat preservation treatment on other surfaces.
Further, the monitoring position setting mode of the temperature field mainly selects a plurality of typical positions for temperature detection according to a specific heat treatment mode, and specifically comprises the following steps: one for each interval of 2-50 mm.
Further, the temperature curve correction method specifically includes:
comparing the simulated heat treatment cooling temperature curve with the actually measured heat treatment cooling temperature curve:
when the error is less than or equal to 5%, taking the simulated heat treatment cooling temperature curve as the actual heat treatment cooling temperature curve;
and when the error is larger than 5%, performing optimization iteration of the heat exchange coefficient according to the actually measured heat treatment cooling temperature curve, and simulating heat treatment cooling temperature curve correction by adopting the heat exchange coefficient crystal form after optimization iteration until the error is smaller than or equal to 5%, thereby obtaining a corrected heat treatment cooling temperature curve.
Further, the microstructural assay comprises: morphology, volume fraction or size distribution of material precipitate phases and grain microstructures.
Further, the performance data includes hardness, thermal conductivity, lattice parameter, segregation coefficient, residual stress, and the like.
Based on the same inventive concept, the embodiment of the application also provides the application of the database constructed by the method for constructing the material heat treatment process and the microstructure and performance relation database in the selection of the material heat treatment process parameters.
Has the advantages that:
the invention adopts a gradient heat treatment method to process a material sample, monitors temperature change through the arrangement of a plurality of temperature detectors, simultaneously carries out analog simulation, obtains thermal physical property parameters of the material at different temperatures, adopts finite element simulation software to simulate and obtain temperature curves of different positions of the sample, corrects the simulated curves by the temperature change curves obtained by monitoring to obtain an accurate temperature curve of any position of the material, thereby obtaining heat treatment process parameters, constructs a heat treatment process-microstructure and performance relation database by measuring the microstructure and performance data of different positions after gradient heat treatment, requires few samples in the process, only needs one heat treatment experiment, obtains an accurate heat treatment temperature curve in a mode of analog simulation prediction and experimental verification, has an error less than or equal to 5 percent, and saves a large amount of resources, and an accurate relational database can be obtained, and a large amount of basic data is provided for the selection of the material heat treatment process parameters.
It is to be understood that both the foregoing general description and the following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory only and are not restrictive of the invention, as claimed.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a conventional method and a gradient heat treatment method for obtaining a database of relationships between heat treatment processes and microstructures and properties of a material according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of a method for constructing a database of relationships between a thermal treatment process and microstructures and properties of a material according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a flowchart of a method for obtaining a cooling rate of a gradient heat treatment sample at any position by using simulation and experimental verification according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a flowchart of a comprehensive heat transfer coefficient solving process provided by the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a cooling curve for five exemplary locations monitored using thermocouples in accordance with embodiments of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a diagram illustrating that the cooling rates of different positions of the sample 100 are obtained by using a "simulation and experimental verification" method according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 shows the microstructure of precipitated phases at five different positions (5 mm, 20mm, 50mm, 80mm, 90mm from the cooling end, respectively) of a test piece according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a graph showing microhardness distribution values at five different positions (5 mm, 20mm, 50mm, 80mm, and 90mm from the cooling end, respectively) of a test specimen according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
As shown in fig. 2, in an embodiment, a method for constructing a database of relationships between a thermal treatment process and a microstructure and a property of a material is provided, which specifically includes:
step S101, processing a material to be measured into a rod-shaped test piece, performing gradient heat treatment, and monitoring temperature fields of a plurality of positions of the outer surface of the test piece along an axis by using a temperature detector in the gradient heat treatment process to obtain a plurality of actually measured heat treatment cooling temperature curves.
In the embodiment of the present invention, in order to perform gradient heat treatment on a material, a material to be measured is first processed to obtain a uniform rod-shaped test piece, and the length of the rod-shaped test piece is 100-200 mm. The gradient heat treatment process comprises the following steps: and heating the test piece, carrying out heat preservation treatment, cooling from one end of the test piece, and carrying out heat preservation treatment on other surfaces. It should be understood that the temperature rising rate, the holding temperature, and the temperature of the test piece, the cooling manner, and the cooling object during the gradient heat treatment may be selected according to the type of the material, and are not limited herein, and the heating and holding process of the test piece may be the same, or the heating and holding process may be performed on the test piece in segments.
In the embodiment of the present invention, the temperature detector is configured to monitor temperature changes at different positions, and specifically includes a thermocouple, an infrared temperature monitor, and the like, and the monitoring position setting mode of the temperature field mainly selects a plurality of typical positions for temperature detection according to a specific thermal treatment mode, specifically: one is arranged at intervals of 2-50 mm; for example, when a thermocouple is used for temperature monitoring, a plurality of thermocouples are welded on the surface of a test piece in advance, and the setting mode of the thermocouples is as follows: one thermocouple is arranged at the position of 5-30mm, the interval distance of the thermocouples at the cooling end of the test piece is smaller, and the arrangement distance of the thermocouples can be gradually increased at the position farther away from the cooling end. In the process, the specific position of thermocouple setting is recorded, a plurality of thermocouples are set by taking the cooling end as a starting point, for example, 5 thermocouples are set at the positions of 5mm, 20mm, 50mm, 80mm and 90mm, and the actually measured cooling temperature curve of the heat treatment in the gradient heat treatment process is recorded.
And S102, calculating an initial interface heat exchange coefficient according to thermophysical parameters of the material to be tested at different temperatures, and simulating the test piece by adopting limited simulation software to obtain a simulated heat treatment cooling temperature curve of any position of the axial direction of the test piece.
In the embodiment of the invention, the material to be tested is subjected to analog simulation, a group of thermal property parameter data is measured at intervals of 100 ℃ from room temperature to the material heat treatment temperature, thermal property parameter data at different temperatures are provided for subsequent finite element simulation, the thermal property parameters comprise heat conductivity, specific heat capacity and the like, the initial interface heat exchange coefficient is calculated, a model with the same size as a test piece is constructed by adopting finite element software, the same heat treatment simulation is carried out, temperature curves of different positions of a gradient heat treatment test piece are calculated on the basis of considering box variation factors, and a simulated heat treatment temperature curve at any position is obtained.
And S103, correcting a simulated heat treatment temperature curve according to the actually measured heat treatment cooling temperature curve according to a temperature curve correction method to obtain a corrected heat treatment cooling temperature curve of any position of the axial direction of the test piece.
In the embodiment of the invention, as shown in fig. 3, a cooling rate flow chart of any position of a gradient heat treatment sample is obtained by adopting a method of 'simulation + experimental verification', a temperature curve simulated by a finite element is compared with an actually measured temperature curve, and if the error is less than or equal to 5%, the predicted simulation result of any position of the whole sample is considered to be accurate. If the error is more than 5%, the optimization iteration of the heat exchange coefficient is needed to be carried out according to the actually measured temperature curve to obtain the comprehensive heat exchange coefficient until the error between the predicted temperature curve and the actually measured temperature curve is less than or equal to 5%. When the comprehensive heat exchange coefficient of the surface is calculated, firstly, the comprehensive heat exchange coefficient of the transient surface at the bottom end of the workpiece is assumed, and the temperature distribution of the workpiece is calculated based on a Fourier heat conduction differential equation; comparing the temperature calculation value of the monitoring point with the measured value, and correcting the surface comprehensive heat exchange coefficient of the end quenching bottom end until the error between the temperature calculation value and the experimental data reaches an allowable range; finally outputting the value of the transient surface comprehensive heat exchange coefficient at the bottom end of the workpiece changing with the temperature, wherein the flow is shown as figure 4, and T in the figure0Is the initial temperature in K; t and delta t are respectively time and time step length, and the unit is s; e is a given convergence error; temperature measurement T at time Te,iAnd a calculated value Ts,iAbsolute value of error of (1). Through the method of simulation prediction and experimental verification, on one hand, the accuracy of monitoring the heat treatment process parameters can be improved, and on the other hand, a large amount of heat treatment process data can be obtained.
And S104, testing the microstructure and performance data of the test piece subjected to gradient heat treatment at different positions along the axis direction, and constructing a heat treatment process, microstructure and performance relation database according to the corrected heat treatment cooling temperature curve.
In the embodiment of the invention, the test piece after the gradient treatment is subjected to microstructure and performance data test along the axial direction, wherein the microstructure test comprises the following steps: morphology, volume fraction or size distribution of material precipitated phases and grain microstructures; wherein the performance data includes hardness, thermal conductivity, lattice parameter, segregation coefficient, residual stress, and the like. And corresponding the measured microstructure and performance data to the position identification of the test piece one by one, thereby constructing a database of the position of the test piece, the heat treatment process parameters, the microstructure and the performance data.
The database construction method adopts a gradient processing method to carry out different heat treatment processes on a test piece, combines simulated and actually measured temperature curves, obtains an accurate heat treatment temperature curve of any position of an event after correction, saves resources, time and labor, has large database data volume, and provides a large data base for the selection of heat treatment process parameters.
The following examples are further illustrative.
Examples
A powder metallurgy nickel-based superalloy material is used as a material to be detected, the material is processed to obtain a rod-shaped material with the diameter of 25mm and the length of 120mm, and thermocouples are welded at positions 5mm, 20mm, 50mm, 80mm and 90mm away from a cooling end (the bottom end of a cylinder) of the rod-shaped material by taking the cooling end as a starting point to monitor heat treatment temperature curves of the five positions. Carrying out gradient heat treatment on the test piece, and the specific process comprises the following steps: wrapping the cylindrical surface and the top surface (far away from the cooling end) with heat-insulating cotton, heating at a rate of 10 ℃/min when the temperature is 900 ℃ and at a rate of 5 ℃/min when the temperature is 900 ℃ to a target temperature of 1180 ℃, keeping the temperature for 40 minutes, pushing the end-quenched sample out of a heating hearth, forcibly cooling the bottom end of the sample by adopting a compressed gas (room temperature) cooling medium,
the cooling rates for the 5 location points that were monitored for the experiment are shown in fig. 5.
The method comprises the steps of obtaining thermal physical property parameters of thermal conductivity and specific heat capacity of materials at different temperatures, calculating an initial interface heat exchange system, simulating by using finite element simulation software, calculating temperature cooling curves of different positions of a gradient heat treatment sample by considering phase change factors, iteratively calculating a surface comprehensive heat exchange coefficient based on a cooling temperature curve detected by an experiment, correcting the temperature cooling curves of different positions of the sample obtained by simulation, and obtaining an accurate temperature cooling curve of any position of the gradient heat treatment sample as shown in figure 6.
The microstructure of the test piece at different positions is observed and counted by adopting a scanning electron microscope, the microhardness of the test piece at different positions is measured by adopting a microhardness meter, the overall microstructure diagram and the microhardness distribution diagram of the test piece are shown in figures 7 and 8, the size, the submission fraction and the appearance of the test piece can be obtained from figure 7 and show obvious gradient changes, and the obtained data are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 Cold Rate, precipitated phase characterization parameters and hardness data for five typical positions of the gradient Heat treatment
The above-mentioned embodiments only express several embodiments of the present invention, and the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but not construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. It should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the inventive concept, which falls within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present patent shall be subject to the appended claims.
Other embodiments of the disclosure will be apparent to those skilled in the art from consideration of the specification and practice of the disclosure disclosed herein. This application is intended to cover any variations, uses, or adaptations of the disclosure following, in general, the principles of the disclosure and including such departures from the present disclosure as come within known or customary practice within the art to which the disclosure pertains. It is intended that the specification and examples be considered as exemplary only, with a true scope and spirit of the disclosure being indicated by the following claims.
It should be understood that, although the steps in the flowcharts of the embodiments of the present invention are shown in sequence as indicated by the arrows, the steps are not necessarily performed in sequence as indicated by the arrows. The steps are not performed in the exact order shown and described, and may be performed in other orders, unless explicitly stated otherwise. Moreover, at least a portion of the steps in various embodiments may include multiple sub-steps or multiple stages that are not necessarily performed at the same time, but may be performed at different times, and the order of performance of the sub-steps or stages is not necessarily sequential, but may be performed in turn or alternately with other steps or at least a portion of the sub-steps or stages of other steps.
The technical features of the embodiments described above may be arbitrarily combined, and for the sake of brevity, all possible combinations of the technical features in the embodiments described above are not described, but should be considered as being within the scope of the present specification as long as there is no contradiction between the combinations of the technical features.
Claims (7)
1. A method for constructing a material heat treatment process and a microstructure and performance relation database is characterized by specifically comprising the following steps of:
processing a material to be measured into a rod-shaped test piece, performing gradient heat treatment, and monitoring temperature fields of a plurality of positions of the outer surface of the test piece along an axis by using a temperature detector in the gradient heat treatment process to obtain a plurality of actually measured heat treatment cooling temperature curves;
calculating an initial interface heat exchange coefficient according to thermophysical parameters of a material to be tested at different temperatures, and simulating the test piece by adopting limited simulation software to obtain a simulated heat treatment cooling temperature curve of any position in the axial direction of the test piece;
correcting a simulated heat treatment temperature curve according to the actually measured heat treatment cooling temperature curve by a temperature curve correction method to obtain a corrected heat treatment cooling temperature curve at any position of the axial direction of the test piece;
and testing the microstructure and performance data of the test piece subjected to the gradient heat treatment at different positions along the axis direction, and constructing a heat treatment process, microstructure and performance relation database according to the corrected heat treatment cooling temperature curve.
2. The method for constructing a relation database between a material heat treatment process and a microstructure and property according to claim 1, wherein the gradient heat treatment process specifically comprises:
and heating the temperature monitoring test piece, carrying out heat preservation treatment, cooling from one end of the temperature monitoring test piece, and carrying out heat preservation treatment on other surfaces.
3. The method for constructing the relation database of the heat treatment process, the microstructure and the performance of the material according to claim 1, wherein the monitoring position of the temperature field is set in a manner that: one for each interval of 2-50 mm.
4. The method for constructing a database of relationships between thermal processing and microstructure and properties of a material according to claim 1, wherein the temperature curve calibration method specifically comprises:
comparing the simulated heat treatment cooling temperature curve with the actually measured heat treatment cooling temperature curve:
when the error is less than or equal to 5%, taking the simulated heat treatment cooling temperature curve as the actual heat treatment cooling temperature curve;
and when the error is larger than 5%, performing optimization iteration of the heat exchange coefficient according to the actually measured heat treatment cooling temperature curve, and simulating heat treatment cooling temperature curve correction by adopting the heat exchange coefficient crystal form after optimization iteration until the error is smaller than or equal to 5%, thereby obtaining a corrected heat treatment cooling temperature curve.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the microstructural determination comprises: morphology, volume fraction or size distribution of material precipitate phases and grain microstructures.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the property data includes hardness, thermal conductivity, lattice parameter, segregation coefficient, and residual stress.
7. Use of a database constructed by the method of constructing a database of relationships between heat treatment processes and microstructures and properties of a material according to any of claims 1 to 6 for the selection of parameters for a heat treatment process of a material.
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