CN113607032B - Tool and method for measuring level difference of airplane contour curved surface - Google Patents
Tool and method for measuring level difference of airplane contour curved surface Download PDFInfo
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- CN113607032B CN113607032B CN202110824479.0A CN202110824479A CN113607032B CN 113607032 B CN113607032 B CN 113607032B CN 202110824479 A CN202110824479 A CN 202110824479A CN 113607032 B CN113607032 B CN 113607032B
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- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B5/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of mechanical techniques
- G01B5/20—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of mechanical techniques for measuring contours or curvatures
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Abstract
The invention relates to the field of mechanical measurement, in particular to a tool and a method for measuring the step difference of an airplane appearance curved surface. The curved surface step difference measuring tool disclosed by the invention is simple in structure and convenient to use, and can meet the step difference measuring requirements of different accuracies. The height of the indicating gauge can be adjusted according to different steps, and measurement of various size steps is achieved. By using the curved surface step difference measuring method disclosed by the invention, the bending degree between two curved surfaces can be rapidly measured, and the measuring efficiency is improved. The curved surface step difference can be measured by two different methods, more accurate results can be obtained by the two methods, and mutual verification can be performed.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of mechanical measurement, in particular to a tool and a method for measuring the level difference of an airplane outline curved surface.
Background
In the process of airplane appearance and cabin door assembly, certain step difference exists between the cabin door and the peripheral appearance. In order to ensure the uniformity of the stress of the appearance of the airplane and the overall flight performance of the airplane, strict requirements are made on the size of the step difference.
The traditional method for measuring the step difference is to measure by a feeler gauge or an optical instrument, and the feeler gauge measurement has the problems of low measurement efficiency, only qualitative measurement and incapability of accurately measuring the precise size of the step difference.
The optical instrument has high measurement accuracy, but has strict requirements on measurement environment, and needs special auxiliary support during measurement, so that the measurement efficiency is low and the measurement difficulty is high during the measurement of the plane appearance step difference.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems of the prior art, and provides a tool and a method for measuring the level difference of an outer curved surface of an airplane, which solve the problems of low measurement precision, incapability of quantification, low measurement efficiency and the like in the prior art.
In order to achieve the technical effects, the technical scheme of the application is as follows:
the utility model provides a be used for aircraft appearance curved surface jump measuring tool, includes tool base, straight section of thick bamboo ring, instruction list and screws up the switch of impressing, be provided with the instruction list mounting hole of measuring ring and running through its upper surface and lower surface on the tool base, be provided with straight section of thick bamboo ring of impressing in the instruction list mounting hole, be provided with the instruction list in the straight section of thick bamboo ring of impressing, the side of tool base is provided with screws up the switch.
Furthermore, the indicating meter comprises a dial plate, the lower part of the dial plate is connected with a fixed cylinder, and a contact pin is arranged in the fixed cylinder.
Further, the bottom surface of the measuring ring is a circular ring.
Further, the stylus of the dial indicator or the dial indicator can be selected according to the measurement accuracy.
A method for measuring the level difference of an outline curved surface of an airplane comprises the following steps:
step one, zero setting;
step 1.1, the tool is horizontally placed on a calibration plane, the clamping height is adjusted, and the position of a pointer in an indicator is ensured to be located at 1/2 of the whole range of the indicator;
step 1.2, rotating the tightening device clockwise to fix the indicator;
step 1.3, dialing the dial numerical value to a zero position;
step two, testing the bending degree of the curved surface of the outline of the airplane;
step 2.1, the measuring tool is placed at the first curved surface to be measured, and the measured data is read outh 1;
Step 2.2, the measuring tool is placed at the second curved surface to be measured, and the measured data is read outh 2;
Difference of degree of curvature of two curved surfacesh= h 1- h 2The difference value represents the curvature difference of the two curved surfaces at the step difference, and in actual measurement, delta can be set according to the measurement precision requirementhThe size of the indicator is adjusted at the same time, and the distance between the center of the indicator and the center of the guide cylinder is adjusteddAnd the step difference between the parts with large curvature is measured.
Taking the dial indicator as an example, DeltahWhen the diameter is less than or equal to 0.05mm, the measurement can be directly carried out;
step three, measuring the step difference of the curved surface;
step 3.1 ifh≥0,Placing the tool base inh 2A curved surface is arranged on the indicating meterh 1Processing a curved surface; if Δh<0,Placing the tool base inh 1A curved surface is arranged on the indicating meterh 2Processing a curved surface;
step 3.2 reading the indicator at this timeh 0;
If Δh≥0,The step difference is:h= h 0- h 1;
if Δh<0,The step difference is:h= h 0- h 2;
further, in the step 1.1, if the pointer position is located at a position where the indicator is smaller than 1/2, the indicator is moved upwards; if the pointer position is greater than 1/2, the indicator is moved downward.
When the method is used, the bottom surface of a tool base is in contact with a part to be measured, and the bottom surface is a circular ring and is more easily attached to the curved surface of the part to be measured. The indicating gauge is installed in the indicating gauge mounting hole through the straight section of thick bamboo snap ring, screws up the locking that the switch realized the instrument through locking screw hole, and a fixed section of thick bamboo is used with the cooperation of straight section of thick bamboo snap ring, according to measuring height adjustment indicating gauge mounting height, is clearance fit between the two, and the maximum clearance is 0.05 mm. After the installation height of the indicating gauge is adjusted, the indicating gauge is locked by rotating the tightening switch clockwise to enter the locking threaded hole.
The measuring ring is a cylinder with the thickness b of 2-5 mm, the radius of the measuring ring is R1, the aircraft outline curved surface is a continuous curved surface with the radius of R0, and the maximum gap between the measuring ring and the curved surface is as follows:
in actual measurement, the step measurement tolerance is n, and n can be obtained through a calculation formula of delta d 4 being more than or equal to n, so that the validity of the measurement result is ensured. The size of the measuring ring is designed according to the curvature radius of the measuring object. The general airplane has the contour curvature radius R0 of more than or equal to 300mm, the radius of the measuring ring is R1 of less than or equal to 3mm, and then the fit clearance is as follows: delta d is less than or equal to 0.015mm, and the measurable step gap precision n is more than or equal to 0.06 mm.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following positive effects:
1. the curved surface step difference measuring tool disclosed by the invention is simple in structure, the dial indicator or the dial indicator can be selected by the indicating gauge according to the measuring precision, the use is convenient, and the step difference measuring requirements of different precisions can be met.
2. The curved surface step difference measuring tool disclosed by the invention can adjust the height of the indicating gauge according to different step differences, and realize measurement of various size step differences.
3. By using the curved surface step difference measuring method disclosed by the invention, the bending degree between two curved surfaces can be rapidly measured, and the measuring efficiency is improved.
4. The tool can measure the curved surface step difference by using two different methods, obtain more accurate results by using the two methods, and can carry out mutual verification.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is an isometric view of various components of the curved surface step measurement tool of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a curved surface step difference measuring tool base according to the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a side view of the curved surface step measurement tool base of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a sectional view a-a of fig. 2.
FIG. 5 is a representation of the curved surface step difference measuring tool indication of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of the tool zeroing of the present invention.
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of the curved surface bending degree test of the present invention.
FIG. 8 is a schematic view of the curved surface bending test of the present invention.
FIG. 9 is a schematic view of the measurement of the step difference of the curved surface of the present invention.
In the drawings: the method comprises the following steps of 1-a tool base, 2-a straight cylinder press-in ring, 3-an indicating meter, 4-a tightening switch, 5-a measuring ring, 6-an indicating meter mounting hole, 7-a locking threaded hole, 8-a dial plate, 9-a fixed cylinder, 10-a contact pin, 11-a first curved surface to be measured and 12-a second curved surface to be measured.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present application clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present application, but not all embodiments. The components of the embodiments of the present application, generally described and illustrated in the figures herein, can be arranged and designed in a wide variety of different configurations.
Thus, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present application, presented in the accompanying drawings, is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed application, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the application. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present application.
It should be noted that: like reference numbers and letters refer to like items in the following figures, and thus, once an item is defined in one figure, it need not be further defined and explained in subsequent figures.
Example 1
A curved surface step measurement tool comprising: the universal tool comprises a universal tool base 1, a straight cylinder press-in ring 2, an indicator 3 and a tightening switch 4.
The tool base 1 comprises a measuring ring 5, an indicating meter mounting hole 6 and a locking threaded hole 7. The measuring ring 5 is a cylinder with the thickness of 0-5 mm, when the measuring ring is used, the bottom surface of the measuring ring is in contact with a component to be measured, and the bottom surface is a circular ring and can be attached to a curved surface more easily. The indicating gauge 3 is fitted into the indicating gauge mounting hole 6 through the straight tube press-fitting ring 2. The tightening switch 4 realizes the locking of the tool through the locking threaded hole 7.
The indicating watch 3 comprises a dial 8, a fixed cylinder 9 and a contact pin 10. The fixed cylinder 9 is matched with the straight cylinder press-in ring 2 for use, the installation height of the indicating table 3 is adjusted according to the measurement height, the fixed cylinder and the indicating table are in clearance fit, and the maximum clearance is 0.05 mm. The stylus 10 may select a dial gauge or dial gauge stylus depending on the accuracy of the measurement.
After the installation height of the indicating gauge 3 is adjusted, the tightening switch 4 is rotated clockwise to enter the locking threaded hole 7, so that the indicating gauge 3 is locked.
Example 2
A curved surface step difference measuring method mainly comprises the following steps:
step one, zero setting
Step 1.1, the tool is horizontally placed on a plane 11, the clamping height is adjusted, and the position of a pointer in an indicator 3 is ensured to be located at 1/2 of the whole range of the indicator;
step 1.2, rotating the screwing switch 4 clockwise to fix the indicator 3;
step 1.3, dial the dial value to zero position.
Step two, testing the bending degree of the curved surface
Step 2.1, placing the tool at the first curved surface 12 to be measured, and reading out the measured datah 1;
Step 2.2 Place tool on secondReading out the measured data at the curved surface 13 to be measuredh 2;
Difference of degree of curvature of two curved surfacesh= h 1- h 2The difference value represents the curvature difference of the two curved surfaces at the step difference, and in actual measurement, delta can be set according to the measurement precision requirementhThe distance between the center of the indicating table 3 and the center of the measuring ring 5 is adjusteddAnd the step difference of the large-curvature component is measured. Taking the dial indicator as an example, DeltahWhen the thickness is less than or equal to 0.05mm, the measurement can be directly carried out.
Step three, measuring the step difference of the curved surface
Step 3.1 ifh≥0,Placing the tool base 1 inh 2Is curved and indicates that the stylus 10 of table 3 is positioned ath 1Processing a curved surface;
if Δh< 0, placing the tool base 1 onh 1Is curved and indicates that the stylus 10 of table 3 is positioned ath 2Processing a curved surface;
step 3.2 reading the indicator at this timeh 0。
If Δh≥0,The step difference is:h= h 0- h 1;
if Δh<0,The step difference is:h= h 0- h 2。
example 3
When the method is used, the bottom surface of a tool base is in contact with a part to be measured, and the bottom surface is a circular ring and is more easily attached to the curved surface of the part to be measured. The indicating gauge is installed in the indicating gauge mounting hole through the straight section of thick bamboo snap ring, screws up the locking that the switch realized the instrument through locking screw hole, and a fixed section of thick bamboo is used with the cooperation of straight section of thick bamboo snap ring, according to measuring height adjustment indicating gauge mounting height, is clearance fit between the two, and the maximum clearance is 0.05 mm. After the installation height of the indicating gauge is adjusted, the indicating gauge is locked by rotating the tightening switch clockwise to enter the locking threaded hole.
The measuring ring is a cylinder with the thickness b of 2-5 mm, the radius of the measuring ring is R1, the aircraft outline curved surface is a continuous curved surface with the radius of R0, and the maximum gap between the measuring ring and the curved surface is as follows:
in actual measurement, the step measurement tolerance is n, and n can be obtained through a calculation formula of delta d 4 being more than or equal to n, so that the validity of the measurement result is ensured. And designing the size of the measuring ring according to the curvature radius of the measuring object. The general airplane has the contour curvature radius R0 of more than or equal to 300mm, the radius of the measuring ring is R1 of less than or equal to 3mm, and then the fit clearance is as follows: delta d is less than or equal to 0.015mm, and the measurable step gap precision m is more than or equal to 0.06 mm.
Example 4
The utility model provides a be used for aircraft appearance curved surface jump measuring tool, includes tool base, straight section of thick bamboo ring, instruction list and screws up the switch of impressing, be provided with the instruction list mounting hole of measuring ring and running through its upper surface and lower surface on the tool base, be provided with straight section of thick bamboo ring of impressing in the instruction list mounting hole, be provided with the instruction list in the straight section of thick bamboo ring of impressing, the side of tool base is provided with screws up the switch.
Furthermore, the indicating meter comprises a dial plate, the lower part of the dial plate is connected with a fixed cylinder, and a contact pin is arranged in the fixed cylinder.
Further, the bottom surface of the measuring ring is a circular ring.
Further, the contact pin of the dial indicator or the dial indicator can be selected according to the measurement accuracy.
A method for measuring the level difference of an airplane outline curved surface comprises the following steps:
step one, zero setting;
step 1.1, the tool is horizontally placed on a calibration plane, the clamping height is adjusted, and the position of a pointer in an indicator is ensured to be located at 1/2 of the whole range of the indicator;
step 1.2, rotating the tightening device clockwise to fix the indicator;
step 1.3, dialing the dial numerical value to a zero position;
step two, testing the bending degree of the curved surface of the outline of the airplane;
step 2.1, the measuring tool is placed at the first curved surface to be measured, and the measured data is read outh 1;
Step 2.2, the measuring tool is placed at the second curved surface to be measured, and the measured data is read outh 2;
Difference of degree of curvature of two curved surfacesh= h 1- h 2The difference value represents the curvature difference of the two curved surfaces at the step difference, and in actual measurement, delta can be set according to the measurement precision requirementhThe size of the indicator is adjusted at the same time, and the distance between the center of the indicator and the center of the guide cylinder is adjusteddAnd the step difference between the parts with large curvature is measured.
Taking the dial indicator as an example, DeltahWhen the thickness is less than or equal to 0.05mm, the measurement can be directly carried out;
step three, measuring the step difference of the curved surface;
step 3.1 ifh≥0,Placing the tool base inh 2A curved surface is arranged on the indicating meterh 1Processing a curved surface; if Δh<0,Placing the tool base inh 1A curved surface is arranged on the indicating meterh 2Processing a curved surface;
step 3.2 reading the indicator at this timeh 0;
If Δh≥0,The step difference is:h= h 0- h 1;
if Δh<0,The step difference is:h= h 0- h 2;
further, in the step 1.1, if the pointer position is located at a position where the indicator is smaller than 1/2, the indicator is moved upwards; if the pointer position is greater than 1/2, the indicator is moved downward.
When the method is used, the bottom surface of a tool base is in contact with a part to be measured, and the bottom surface is a circular ring and is more easily attached to the curved surface of the part to be measured. The indicating gauge is installed in the indicating gauge mounting hole through the straight section of thick bamboo snap ring, screws up the locking that the switch realized the instrument through locking screw hole, and a fixed section of thick bamboo is used with the cooperation of straight section of thick bamboo snap ring, according to measuring height adjustment indicating gauge mounting height, is clearance fit between the two, and the maximum clearance is 0.05 mm. After the installation height of the indicating gauge is adjusted, the indicating gauge is locked by rotating the tightening switch clockwise to enter the locking threaded hole.
The measuring ring is a cylinder with the thickness b of 2-5 mm, the radius of the measuring ring is R1, the aircraft outline curved surface is a continuous curved surface with the radius of R0, and the maximum gap between the measuring ring and the curved surface is as follows:
in actual measurement, the step measurement tolerance is n, and n can be obtained through a calculation formula of delta d 4 being more than or equal to n, so that the validity of the measurement result is ensured. The size of the measuring ring is designed according to the curvature radius of the measuring object. The general airplane has the contour curvature radius R0 of more than or equal to 300mm, the radius of the measuring ring is R1 of less than or equal to 3mm, and then the fit clearance is as follows: delta d is less than or equal to 0.015mm, and the measurable step gap precision is realized at the momenth≥0. 06mm。
In the description of the present application, it should be noted that the terms "upper", "vertical", "inner", "outer", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, or orientations or positional relationships that are conventionally arranged when products of the application are used, or orientations or positional relationships that are conventionally understood by those skilled in the art, and are used for convenience of description and simplification of the description, but do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements that are referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed in a specific orientation, and be operated, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the application. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and the like are used merely to distinguish one description from another, and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
In the description of the present application, it is further noted that, unless expressly stated or limited otherwise, the terms "disposed," "mounted," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, e.g., as meaning fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present application can be understood in a specific case by those of ordinary skill in the art.
Claims (6)
1. A method for measuring the level difference of an airplane outline curved surface is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
step one, zero setting;
step 1.1, the tool is horizontally placed on a calibration plane, the clamping height is adjusted, and the position of a pointer in an indicator is ensured to be located at 1/2 of the whole range of the indicator;
step 1.2, rotating the tightening device to fix the indicator;
step 1.3, dialing the dial numerical value to a zero position;
step two, testing the bending degree of the curved surface of the outline of the airplane;
step 2.1, the measuring tool is placed at the first curved surface to be measured, and the measured data is read outh 1;
Step 2.2, the measuring tool is placed at the second curved surface to be measured, and the measured data is read outh 2;
Difference of degree of curvature of two curved surfacesh= h 1- h 2While adjusting the distance between the center of the dial gauge and the center of the guide cylinderd;ΔhWhen the thickness is less than or equal to 0.05mm, the measurement can be directly carried out;
step three, measuring the step difference of the curved surface;
step 3.1 ifh≥0,Placing the tool base inh 2A curved surface is arranged on the indicating meterh 1Processing a curved surface; if Δh<0,Placing the tool base inh 1A curved surface is arranged on the indicating meterh 2Processing a curved surface;
step 3.2 reading the indicator at this timeh 0;
If Δh≥0,The step difference is:h= h 0- h 1;
if Δh<0,The step difference is:h= h 0- h 2;
the measuring tool used in the method comprises a tool base, a straight cylinder press-in ring, an indicating meter and a screwing switch, wherein the tool base is provided with the measuring ring and an indicating meter mounting hole penetrating through the upper surface and the lower surface of the measuring ring, the straight cylinder press-in ring is arranged in the indicating meter mounting hole, the indicating meter is arranged in the straight cylinder press-in ring, and the screwing switch is arranged on the side surface of the tool base.
2. The method for measuring the step difference of the curved surface of the airplane appearance according to claim 1, wherein: in the step 1.1, if the pointer position is located at a position where the indicator is smaller than 1/2, the indicator is moved upwards; if the pointer position is located at a position where the dial is greater than 1/2, the dial is moved down.
3. A method for measuring the step difference of an aircraft curved surface according to claim 1 or 2, wherein: the bottom surface of the tool base is contacted with the part to be measured, and the circular ring is tightly attached to the curved surface of the part to be measured;
the indicating gauge is installed in the indicating gauge installation hole through the straight-barrel press-in ring, the tightening switch achieves locking of the tool through the locking threaded hole, the fixed barrel is matched with the straight-barrel press-in ring for use, the indicating gauge installation height is adjusted according to the measurement height, the indicating gauge installation height and the fixed barrel are in clearance fit, and after the indicating gauge installation height is adjusted, the tightening switch is rotated into the locking threaded hole to achieve locking of the indicating gauge;
the measuring ring is a cylinder with the thickness b of 2-5 mm, the radius of the measuring ring is R1, the aircraft outline curved surface is a continuous curved surface with the radius of R0, and the maximum gap between the measuring ring and the curved surface is as follows:
if the step difference measurement tolerance is n, n can be obtained through a calculation formula of delta d 4 being more than or equal to n。
4. A method for measuring the step difference of an aircraft contoured surface as defined in claim 1, wherein: the indicating gauge comprises a dial plate, the lower part of the dial plate is connected with a fixed cylinder, and a contact pin is arranged in the fixed cylinder.
5. A method for measuring the step difference of an aircraft contoured surface as defined in claim 1, wherein: the bottom surface of the measuring ring is a circular ring.
6. The method for measuring the step difference of the curved surface of the airplane appearance according to claim 4, wherein: the stylus selects a dial indicator or a dial indicator stylus.
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