CN110608652B - Inner hole aperture precision measurement device and measurement method - Google Patents
Inner hole aperture precision measurement device and measurement method Download PDFInfo
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- CN110608652B CN110608652B CN201910864351.XA CN201910864351A CN110608652B CN 110608652 B CN110608652 B CN 110608652B CN 201910864351 A CN201910864351 A CN 201910864351A CN 110608652 B CN110608652 B CN 110608652B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B5/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of mechanical techniques
- G01B5/08—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of mechanical techniques for measuring diameters
- G01B5/12—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of mechanical techniques for measuring diameters internal diameters
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of machining precision measurement, in particular to a micron-sized inner hole precision measurement device and a measurement method, and solves the problems that an inner micrometer cannot be adopted for direct online measurement during the measurement of the inner hole aperture of a titanium alloy rotor body, the positioning precision problem caused by secondary clamping can occur in offline measurement, and a pneumatic measuring instrument is used for online measurement, is expensive in price, high in use cost and inconvenient to operate. The device comprises a dial indicator, a seat body, a measuring rod, a first set screw and a second set screw; and finally, the accurate measurement of the inner hole aperture of the titanium alloy rotor body is realized by calibrating the zero position of the dial indicator, acquiring the measurement error of the universal length gauge in the measuring chamber and comprehensively considering the measurement error of the dial indicator and the universal length gauge.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of machining precision measurement, in particular to a micron-sized (with the dimensional tolerance of 0.001mm) inner hole aperture precision measurement device and a measurement method.
Background
The titanium alloy rotor body is used in a dynamic pressure gas bearing gyro motor of an element-level product matched with a certain type of cargo ship, is used as a core part in a series of dynamic pressure gas bearing gyro motors as a high-speed rotating body of the dynamic pressure gas bearing gyro motors, has the rotating speed of more than 30000r/min, and is required to have high dimensional stability, high dimensional precision and high centroid stability, and the mechanical processing precision and the measurement accuracy directly influence the functions of the whole system of the product.
In the turning process of the titanium alloy rotor body, the requirement for finishing the inner hole is met
And the aperture needs to be measured directly on line on a precision instrument lathe without disassembling parts. However, the indication error of the inside micrometer in the current market is 0.005mm, which results in that the inner hole precision of the inside micrometer cannot be measured to be 0.001mm, and the requirement of the inner hole measurement precision of the titanium alloy rotor body cannot be met.
In addition, a mode of processing, completing and disassembling parts, sending the parts to a metering chamber for off-line detection is adopted, when the sizes of the parts are detected to be not up to the standard, secondary processing is needed, the secondary processing can bring the problem of repeated clamping and positioning accuracy, and the titanium alloy rotor body with qualified accuracy cannot be processed;
in addition, the pneumatic measuring instrument has the measuring precision capable of meeting the requirement of the inner hole on-line measuring precision, but the pneumatic measuring instrument is expensive, and a special measuring head needs to be customized during use, so that an air source is improved, an air path is increased, and the problems of high construction cost, inconvenient operation and the like are caused.
Therefore, research and development of a pore diameter precision measurement device and a measurement method which are simple in structure, convenient and fast to operate and low in cost are urgently needed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an inner hole aperture precision measuring device and a measuring method, which are used for solving the problems that an inner micrometer cannot be adopted to directly measure the inner hole aperture of a titanium alloy rotor body on line during measurement, the positioning precision problem caused by secondary clamping can be caused by off-line measurement, and the pneumatic measuring instrument is used for on-line measurement, is high in price and high in use cost and is inconvenient to operate.
The specific technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
the invention provides a precision measuring device for the bore diameter of an inner bore, which comprises a dial indicator, a seat body, a measuring rod, a first set screw and a second set screw, wherein the seat body is provided with a first hole;
the number indicating error of the lever dial indicator is less than or equal to 0.002 mm;
the seat body consists of a measuring rod mounting part, a middle positioning part and a dial indicator mounting part;
the dial indicator mounting part is positioned at the rear end of the middle positioning part;
the middle positioning part is provided with a gap;
the dial indicator mounting part is provided with a sliding groove and a first threaded hole which is vertically communicated with the sliding groove; the dial indicator body is clamped in the chute, and the head of the dial indicator extends out of the notch; the first set screw is arranged on the first threaded hole;
the measuring rod mounting part is provided with a measuring rod mounting hole and a second threaded hole; the center line of the second threaded hole is consistent with the sliding direction of the dial indicator, and the included angle between the center line of the measuring rod mounting hole and the second threaded hole is smaller than or equal to 90 degrees;
the measuring rod is inserted into the measuring rod mounting hole and extends out of one side far away from the measuring head of the dial indicator; the measuring point of the measuring rod and the measuring point of the measuring head of the dial indicator are positioned in the same horizontal cross section, and the maximum distance between the measuring point of the measuring rod and the measuring point of the measuring head of the dial indicator is larger than the aperture size of the inner hole of the measured part;
and a second set screw is arranged on the second threaded hole.
Further, the device also comprises an adjusting backing plate; the adjusting backing plate is fixedly arranged at the middle positioning part, the shape and the size of the adjusting backing plate are the same as those of the middle positioning part, and the thickness of the adjusting backing plate is determined by the hole depth of the part to be measured.
Furthermore, the flatness of the surface of the adjusting shim plate contacted with the measured part is less than or equal to 0.001mm, and the parallelism between the surface of the adjusting shim plate contacted with the measured part and the surface of the adjusting shim plate contacted with the intermediate fixing part is less than or equal to 0.001 mm.
Furthermore, the measuring rod is made of alloy tool steel.
Based on the description of the measuring device, a method for precisely measuring the bore diameter of the inner bore by using the device is introduced, and the method comprises the following specific implementation steps:
step 1: zero calibration of lever dial indicator
Manufacturing a standard ring gauge, and recording the dimensional tolerance of an inner hole in the standard ring gauge as d1(ii) a Carrying out zero calibration on a dial indicator on an inner hole aperture precision measurement device by using a standard ring gauge;
step 2: obtaining measurement error of universal length measuring instrument in measuring room
Step 2.1: processing a first part to be measured on a precision lathe;
step 2.2: the inner hole aperture of the first part to be measured is measured on line by an inner hole aperture precision measuring device after zero calibration, and the measurement reading is recorded as D1;
step 2.3: the first part to be measured is detached from the precision lathe and then is sent to a measuring chamber, the inner hole aperture of the first part to be measured is measured through a universal length measuring instrument in the measuring chamber, and the measurement reading is recorded as D2;
step 2.4: comparing the measurement index D1 in the step 2.2 with the measurement index D2 in the step 2.3 to obtain the measurement error D of the universal length measuring instrument in the measuring chamber2；
And step 3: and measuring the inner hole diameter of the processed measured part by using the inner hole diameter precision measuring device again, wherein if the indication number on the dial indicator satisfies the relationship:
d≤d1+d2+d3(ii) a Wherein d is the number of the dial indicator, d3The maximum tolerance of the inner hole aperture of the measured part is the lever dial indicator;
and considering that the dimensional tolerance of the inner hole aperture of the part to be measured meets the requirement, otherwise, machining again or scrapping.
Further, the specific method for performing zero calibration on the dial indicator on the inner hole aperture precision measurement device by using the standard ring gauge in the step 1 is as follows:
step 1.1: placing an inner hole aperture precision measuring device on the orifice end face of a standard ring gauge;
step 1.2: the dial indicator slides on the seat body, so that the measuring head of the dial indicator extends into an inner hole of the standard ring gauge, the measuring point of the measuring rod and the measuring point of the measuring head of the dial indicator are ensured to be positioned in the same horizontal cross section, and at the moment, a first set screw is screwed;
step 1.3: adjusting a measuring point of the measuring rod to extend outwards and contact with the inner wall of the inner hole of the standard ring gauge, rotating a measuring head of the dial indicator to enable the measuring head to contact with the inner wall of the inner hole of the standard ring gauge, requiring the dial indicator to have a number, and screwing a second set screw;
step 1.4: and rotating a dial knob of the dial indicator until the reading of the dial indicator is zero.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. according to the inner hole aperture precision measuring device provided by the invention, the lever dial indicator with the reading error smaller than or equal to 0.002mm, the base body and the measuring rod are assembled and combined, so that the precision measurement of the inner hole of the titanium alloy rotor body with the tolerance of 0.001mm by online measurement is realized, and the problems that the positioning precision problem caused by secondary clamping can be caused by the offline measurement of a measuring chamber and the online measurement is carried out by using a pneumatic measuring instrument which is expensive in price, high in use cost and inconvenient to operate can be solved.
2. The invention utilizes the characteristic that the dial indicator has constant measuring force, so that the problem of different measuring results caused by the change of operators is solved, and the consistency of the measuring results is ensured.
3. The included angle between the mounting hole of the measuring rod and the second threaded hole is smaller than 90 degrees, so that the measuring rod can measure the blind hole and the through hole, and the interference of the second set screw to the measuring process is avoided.
4. When the invention is used for measurement, the error of the universal length measuring instrument of the measuring chamber in the process of inspection is considered, the accuracy and the reliability of measured data are further improved, in addition, the time and the cost of repeated measurement of workpieces are saved, the measuring efficiency of the inner hole diameter of the workpieces is greatly improved, and the problem of high measuring cost of the parts in processing is solved.
5. The invention can realize the measurement of different hole depths by arranging the adjusting base plate, and can manufacture different measuring rods and base bodies according to the size of the inner hole of the part to be measured, so that the invention has more universality in measuring the hole diameter of the inner hole.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a titanium alloy rotor;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the assembly of the measuring device of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a front view of the seat structure;
FIG. 4 is a side view of the seat structure;
fig. 5 is a top view of the seat structure.
The reference numbers are as follows:
the measuring device comprises a lever dial indicator 1, a base 2, a measuring rod 3, a first set screw 4, a second set screw 5, a measuring rod mounting part 7, a middle positioning part 8, a dial indicator mounting part 9, a notch 10, a chute 11, a first threaded hole 12, a measuring rod mounting hole 13 and a second threaded hole 14.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, and it should be understood that the described embodiments are some, but not all embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, and may be, for example, fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art.
Examples
The invention designs a set of precision measuring device for the bore diameter of the inner bore, which has strong universality, high measuring precision, simple operation and low manufacturing and using cost, by utilizing the principle of a comparative measuring method. As shown in fig. 2, the measuring device includes a dial indicator 1, a seat body 2, a measuring rod 3, a first set screw 4 and a second set screw 5; the parts used for measurement in the embodiment are titanium alloy rotor bodies used in the gyro motor with the dynamic pressure gas bearing, and the inner holes of the titanium alloy rotor bodies are respectively
Therefore, the number indicating error of the dial indicator 1 selected here is less than or equal to 0.002 mm; if the measurement is carried out on other parts, different dial indicators can be selected according to the tolerance requirement of the bore diameter of the inner bore;
as shown in fig. 3, the seat body 2 is composed of a measuring rod mounting part 7, a middle positioning part 8 and a dial indicator mounting part 9;
the measuring rod mounting part 7 is positioned at the front end of the middle positioning part 8, and the dial indicator mounting part 9 is positioned at the rear end of the middle positioning part 8;
referring to fig. 2-5, the middle positioning portion 8 is provided with a notch 10; the dial indicator mounting part 9 is provided with a chute 11 and a first threaded hole 12 vertically communicated with the chute 11; the dial indicator body is clamped in the chute 11, and the head of the dial indicator extends out of the notch 10; the first set screw 4 is mounted on the first threaded hole 12; the positioning of the dial indicator 1 can be realized by screwing the first set screw 4;
the measuring rod mounting part 7 is provided with a measuring rod mounting hole 13 and a second threaded hole 14; the central line of the second threaded hole 14 is consistent with the sliding direction of the dial indicator 1, and the included angle between the central line of the measuring rod mounting hole 13 and the second threaded hole 14 is less than or equal to 90 degrees (when the included angle is less than 90 degrees, the purpose that the screw head of the second set screw possibly interferes with the bottom of the blind hole when the blind hole is measured is achieved, so that the situation is avoided by the inclined mounting mode of the measuring rod); the following points are also needed: when the inner hole of the measured part is large enough, the test seat body is also relatively large, a countersunk head screw can be selected as the mounting hole of the first set screw, and at the moment, the measuring rod mounting hole can be directly arranged perpendicular to the second threaded hole.
The measuring rod 3 is inserted into the measuring rod mounting hole 13 and extends out to one side far away from the measuring head of the dial indicator; the measuring point of the measuring rod 3 and the measuring point of the measuring head of the dial indicator 1 are positioned in the same horizontal cross section, and the maximum distance (phi shown in figure 2) between the measuring point of the measuring rod 3 and the measuring point of the measuring head of the dial indicator 1 is larger than the aperture size of the inner hole of the measured part; the measuring rod 3 is made of alloy tool steel;
and a second set screw 5 is arranged on the second threaded hole 14, and the positioning of the measuring rod 3 can be realized by screwing the second set screw 5.
In addition, in order to realize the measurement of different hole depths, the device can also be additionally provided with an adjusting shim plate 6 between the middle fixing part and the end face of the hole opening of the part to be measured; specifically, the adjusting shim plate 6 is fixedly arranged on the middle positioning part 8, the shape and the size of the adjusting shim plate are the same as those of the middle positioning part 8, and the thickness of the adjusting shim plate 6 is determined by the hole depth of a part to be measured. In order to ensure the measurement accuracy, the adjusting shim plate is required to satisfy the following conditions: the flatness of the surface of the adjusting shim plate contacted with the measured part is less than 0.001mm, and the parallelism between the surface of the adjusting shim plate contacted with the measured part and the surface of the adjusting shim plate contacted with the middle fixing part is less than 0.001 mm.
The measuring device can also be used for manufacturing measuring rods with different lengths and seat bodies with different sizes according to the size of the inner hole of the part to be measured, so that the measuring device has higher universality in measuring the hole diameter of the inner hole.
Based on the above description of the structure of the measuring device, the measuring device is now used for measuring the thickness of a titanium alloy rotor body
The actual measuring process of the inner hole is taken as an example, and the specific measuring method is further described in detail:
step 1: zero calibration of lever dial indicator
Manufacturing a standard ring gauge, and recording the dimensional tolerance of an inner hole in the standard ring gauge as d1；d1Performing zero calibration on a dial indicator on the inner hole aperture precision measurement device by using a standard ring gauge when the diameter is 0.001 mm; the aperture of the inner hole of the standard ring gauge is basically consistent with the aperture of the actual part to be measured;
the specific method comprises the following steps:
step 1.1: placing an inner hole aperture precision measuring device on the orifice end face of a standard ring gauge;
step 1.2: the dial indicator slides on the seat body, so that the measuring head of the dial indicator extends into an inner hole of the standard ring gauge, the measuring point of the measuring rod and the measuring point of the measuring head of the dial indicator are ensured to be positioned in the same horizontal cross section, and at the moment, a first set screw is screwed;
step 1.3: adjusting a measuring point of the measuring rod to extend outwards and contact with the inner wall of the inner hole of the standard ring gauge, rotating a measuring head of the dial indicator to enable the measuring head to contact with the inner wall of the inner hole of the standard ring gauge, requiring the dial indicator to have a number, and screwing a second set screw;
step 1.4: and rotating a dial knob of the dial indicator until the reading of the dial indicator is zero.
Step 2: obtaining measurement error of universal length measuring instrument in measuring room
Step 2.1: processing a first part to be measured on a precision lathe;
step 2.2: the inner hole aperture of the first measured part is measured on line by using an inner hole aperture precision measuring device calibrated at a zero position, and the recorded measurement reading is D1, wherein D1 is 0.001 mm;
step 2.3: the first part to be measured is detached from the precision lathe and then is sent to a measuring chamber, the inner hole diameter of the first part to be measured is measured through a universal length measuring instrument in the measuring chamber, and the measurement reading is recorded as D2, wherein D2 is 0.0016 mm;
step 2.4: comparing the measurement index D1 in the step 2.2 with the measurement index D2 in the step 2.3 to obtain the measurement error D of the universal length measuring instrument in the measuring chamber2；
d2＝D2-D1＝0.0016-0.001＝0.0006mm
And step 3: and measuring the inner hole diameter of the processed measured part by using the inner hole diameter precision measuring device again, wherein if the indication number on the dial indicator satisfies the relationship:
0.0016mm≤d≤0.0026mm
The inner hole aperture size tolerance of the measured part is considered to be in accordance with the requirement.
This hole aperture precision measurement device's design can realize the on-line measurement of the high accuracy micron order (0.001mm) through-hole and blind hole of phi 10 ~ 50mm within range, the repeated positioning error that the secondary clamping in the part machining process brought has been avoided, through the comparison with the omnipotent length measuring instrument test data of measurement room, measured data is accurate reliable, in addition, the time and the cost that the work piece need measure repeatedly have still been saved, the measurement of this kind of work piece hole diameter is greatly improved, the problem that this kind of part processing measurement cost is high has been solved.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and not to limit the same; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some or all of the technical features may be equivalently replaced; such modifications and substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. The utility model provides an inner hole aperture precision measurement device which characterized in that: the measuring device comprises a dial indicator, a seat body, a measuring rod, a first set screw and a second set screw;
the number indicating error of the lever dial indicator is less than or equal to 0.002 mm;
the seat body consists of a measuring rod mounting part, a middle positioning part and a dial indicator mounting part;
the dial indicator mounting part is positioned at the rear end of the middle positioning part;
the middle positioning part is provided with a gap;
the dial indicator mounting part is provided with a sliding groove and a first threaded hole which is vertically communicated with the sliding groove; the dial indicator body is clamped in the chute, and the head of the dial indicator extends out of the notch; the first set screw is arranged on the first threaded hole;
the measuring rod mounting part is provided with a measuring rod mounting hole and a second threaded hole; the center line of the second threaded hole is consistent with the sliding direction of the dial indicator, and the included angle between the center line of the measuring rod mounting hole and the second threaded hole is smaller than or equal to 90 degrees;
the measuring rod is inserted into the measuring rod mounting hole and extends out of one side far away from the measuring head of the dial indicator; the measuring point of the measuring rod and the measuring point of the measuring head of the dial indicator are positioned in the same horizontal cross section, and the maximum distance between the measuring point of the measuring rod and the measuring point of the measuring head of the dial indicator is larger than the aperture size of the inner hole of the measured part;
and a second set screw is arranged on the second threaded hole.
2. The precision measuring device for the bore diameter of the inner bore according to claim 1, wherein: the device also comprises an adjusting base plate; the adjusting backing plate is fixedly arranged at the middle positioning part, the shape and the size of the adjusting backing plate are the same as those of the middle positioning part, and the thickness of the adjusting backing plate is determined by the hole depth of the part to be measured.
3. The precision measuring device for the bore diameter of the inner bore according to claim 2, wherein: the flatness of the surface of the adjusting cushion plate contacted with the measured part is less than or equal to 0.001mm, and the parallelism between the surface of the adjusting cushion plate contacted with the measured part and the surface of the adjusting cushion plate contacted with the middle fixing part is less than or equal to 0.001 mm.
4. An internal bore diameter precision measuring device according to claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein: the measuring rod is made of alloy tool steel.
5. A method for precisely measuring the diameter of an inner hole is characterized in that the device for precisely measuring the diameter of the inner hole as claimed in claim 1 is adopted, and the method comprises the following concrete implementation steps:
step 1: zero calibration of lever dial indicator
Making standard ringsThe gauge records the dimensional tolerance of an inner hole in a standard ring gauge as d1(ii) a Carrying out zero calibration on a dial indicator on an inner hole aperture precision measurement device by using a standard ring gauge;
step 2: obtaining measurement error of universal length measuring instrument in measuring room
Step 2.1: processing a first part to be measured on a precision lathe;
step 2.2: the inner hole aperture of the first part to be measured is measured on line by an inner hole aperture precision measuring device after zero calibration, and the measurement reading is recorded as D1;
step 2.3: the first part to be measured is detached from the precision lathe and then is sent to a measuring chamber, the inner hole aperture of the first part to be measured is measured through a universal length measuring instrument in the measuring chamber, and the measurement reading is recorded as D2;
step 2.4: comparing the measurement index D1 in the step 2.2 with the measurement index D2 in the step 2.3 to obtain the measurement error D of the universal length measuring instrument in the measuring chamber2；
And step 3: and measuring the inner hole diameter of the processed measured part by using the inner hole diameter precision measuring device again, wherein if the indication number on the dial indicator satisfies the relationship:
d≤d1+d2+d3(ii) a Wherein d is the number of the dial indicator, d3The maximum tolerance of the inner hole aperture of the measured part is the lever dial indicator;
and considering that the dimensional tolerance of the inner hole aperture of the part to be measured meets the requirement, otherwise, machining again or scrapping.
6. The method for precisely measuring the bore diameter according to claim 5, wherein the step 1 of performing zero calibration on a dial indicator on the device for precisely measuring the bore diameter by using a standard ring gauge specifically comprises the following steps:
step 1.1: placing an inner hole aperture precision measuring device on the orifice end face of a standard ring gauge;
step 1.2: the dial indicator slides on the seat body, so that the measuring head of the dial indicator extends into an inner hole of the standard ring gauge, the measuring point of the measuring rod and the measuring point of the measuring head of the dial indicator are ensured to be positioned in the same horizontal cross section, and at the moment, a first set screw is screwed;
step 1.3: adjusting a measuring point of the measuring rod to extend outwards and contact with the inner wall of the inner hole of the standard ring gauge, rotating a measuring head of the dial indicator to enable the measuring head to contact with the inner wall of the inner hole of the standard ring gauge, requiring the dial indicator to have a number, and screwing a second set screw;
step 1.4: and rotating a dial knob of the dial indicator until the reading of the dial indicator is zero.
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| CN201910864351.XA CN110608652B (en) | 2019-09-12 | 2019-09-12 | Inner hole aperture precision measurement device and measurement method |
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| CN114909973B (en) * | 2022-06-01 | 2023-11-28 | 沈阳飞机工业（集团）有限公司 | Tool and method for measuring width of inner hole groove |
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