CN113604802B - Manufacturing method of plunger rod of ultrahigh-pressure plunger pump - Google Patents
Manufacturing method of plunger rod of ultrahigh-pressure plunger pump Download PDFInfo
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- C23C24/00—Coating starting from inorganic powder
- C23C24/08—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat
- C23C24/10—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat with intermediate formation of a liquid phase in the layer
- C23C24/103—Coating with metallic material, i.e. metals or metal alloys, optionally comprising hard particles, e.g. oxides, carbides or nitrides
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- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
- B23P15/00—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass
- B23P15/10—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass pistons
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D10/00—Modifying the physical properties by methods other than heat treatment or deformation
- C21D10/005—Modifying the physical properties by methods other than heat treatment or deformation by laser shock processing
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C27/00—Alloys based on rhenium or a refractory metal not mentioned in groups C22C14/00 or C22C16/00
- C22C27/04—Alloys based on tungsten or molybdenum
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- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
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- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/42—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with copper
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
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- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/44—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with molybdenum or tungsten
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
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- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/58—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with more than 1.5% by weight of manganese
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23F—NON-MECHANICAL REMOVAL OF METALLIC MATERIAL FROM SURFACE; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL; MULTI-STEP PROCESSES FOR SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL INVOLVING AT LEAST ONE PROCESS PROVIDED FOR IN CLASS C23 AND AT LEAST ONE PROCESS COVERED BY SUBCLASS C21D OR C22F OR CLASS C25
- C23F17/00—Multi-step processes for surface treatment of metallic material involving at least one process provided for in class C23 and at least one process covered by subclass C21D or C22F or class C25
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
- F04B53/00—Component parts, details or accessories not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F04B1/00 - F04B23/00 or F04B39/00 - F04B47/00
- F04B53/14—Pistons, piston-rods or piston-rod connections
- F04B53/144—Adaptation of piston-rods
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
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- Y02P10/25—Process efficiency
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Abstract
The invention provides a manufacturing method of a plunger rod of an ultrahigh pressure plunger pump, which relates to the technical field of metal material manufacturing and comprises the steps of manufacturing a rod core by using a stainless steel material, preparing an alloying transition layer, configuring hard alloy powder, regulating and controlling laser cladding process parameters, strengthening surface laser shock, observing an interface elimination effect by using an EBSD technology, regulating and controlling laser shock parameters and the like. According to the invention, by adopting the series of steps, the rod core is made of the stainless steel material, the surface is subjected to laser alloying by the microtexture, a deeper alloying transition layer is formed on the surface, the surface of the rod core is converted to the hard alloy by the surface laser alloying, finally the hard alloy powder is subjected to laser cladding to form the cladding layer, the interface between the transition layer and the cladding layer is eliminated by utilizing laser shock strengthening, the performances such as toughness and hardness of the plunger rod are improved, the complex environment of the ultrahigh pressure plunger pump is met, and the manufacturing cost of the plunger rod of the hard alloy plunger pump is greatly reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of metal material manufacturing, in particular to a manufacturing method of a plunger rod of an ultrahigh pressure plunger pump.
Background
The laser cladding is a novel surface additive manufacturing technology, alloy powder is fused by a high-energy and high-density laser beam, the effect of metal smelting is achieved, the mechanical properties of the material, such as tensile resistance, wear resistance and the like, are improved, and the method is suitable for treating local damage of metal parts.
The laser shock peening adopts high-energy laser beams to act on the surface of a material to generate a high strain peening effect, introduces residual compressive stress on the surface of the material, and refines grains, thereby achieving the purpose of modifying the surface of the material. The wear-resistant and corrosion-resistant composite material can effectively improve the fatigue life, wear resistance, corrosion resistance and other properties of parts.
At present, pure water jet is widely applied to operations such as material surface cleaning, material cutting and the like, the erosion effect of the water jet is greatly improved due to the ultrahigh pressure of the pure water jet, and the pure water jet is widely applied to the aspects of material cutting, rust removal, industrial cleaning and the like. At present, a plunger in the ultrahigh pressure plunger pump is basically made of hard alloy, the whole plunger rod is high in hardness and heavy in weight, abrasion and fatigue damage to the plunger rod can be easily caused due to eccentric wear, sealing forms and other reasons, and the operating efficiency and service life of the whole system are greatly reduced due to the plunger rod which is seriously damaged by high pressure and abrasion. Because the manufacturing process of the plunger rod of the plunger pump is complex and the production cost is high, the optimization of the manufacturing technology of the plunger rod has high economic benefit and social value.
Chinese patent No. CN106636976B discloses a method for manufacturing a piston rod surface additive, which coats a layer of corrosion-resistant alloy on the corrosion-resistant alloy, so that the piston rod has excellent mechanical properties and less processing amount. Chinese patent application publication No. CN102501026A discloses a manufacturing method of a piston rod coated with a stainless steel plate, which is to coat a layer of stainless steel plate on the piston rod to manufacture a piston rod coated with stainless steel, thereby greatly reducing the manufacturing cost. However, none of the above approaches is suitable for the manufacture of plunger rods for ultra high pressure plunger pumps.
Chinese patent No. CN104480476B discloses a laser thermal combination remanufacturing method for a metal damaged part, which performs laser shock treatment after cladding one layer each time, refines crystal grains of an integral cladding layer, and improves defects such as micropores in the cladding layer. However, the subsequent cladding process can damage the previous laser shock process, the next laser cladding process forms a melting region in the last laser shock strengthening region, the refined crystal grains are recrystallized at high temperature to form large crystal grains, the laser shock strengthening effect cannot be guaranteed, and the service life of the plunger rod is influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for manufacturing a plunger rod of an ultrahigh pressure plunger pump, which solves the problems of long processing time and high processing difficulty when the whole plunger rod is manufactured by using hard alloy in the ultrahigh pressure plunger pump, improves the comprehensive properties of the plunger rod, such as hardness, strength and the like, meets the complex environment of the ultrahigh pressure plunger pump, and greatly reduces the manufacturing cost of the plunger rod of the hard alloy plunger pump.
The technical purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a manufacturing method of a plunger rod of an ultrahigh pressure plunger pump specifically comprises the following steps,
s1, manufacturing a plunger rod core by using a stainless steel material, and lathing the plunger rod to a required size; wherein, the stainless steel material for preparing the plunger rod consists of the following components in percentage by weight: 0.04 to 0.08 percent of carbon, 1.5 to 2 percent of manganese, 0.3 to 0.5 percent of silicon, 17 to 19 percent of chromium, 6 to 9 percent of nickel, 0.2 to 0.4 percent of molybdenum, 0.2 to 0.4 percent of copper and the balance of iron;
s2, performing micro-texture treatment on the surface of the processed stainless steel material plunger rod core;
s3, preparing alloying powder according to the composition of the stainless steel material of the plunger rod core in the step S1, carrying out laser alloying on the microtextured surface to form a hard alloying transition layer, and alloying the plunger rod into hard alloy; wherein the alloying powder consists of the following components in percentage by weight: 5 to 7.1 percent of carbon, 0.2 to 0.5 percent of calcium, 0.8 to 1 percent of chromium, 24.5 to 25.5 percent of cobalt and 66.5 to 69.5 percent of tungsten;
s4, preparing hard alloy powder, alloying the surface of the plunger rod, performing rapid laser cladding treatment to form a cladding layer on the surface of the transition layer, and polishing the surface of the cladding layer to be smooth; wherein, the hard alloy powder comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 17.7 to 19 percent of carbon, 0.2 to 0.3 percent of sulfur, 0.2 to 0.5 percent of potassium, 0.3 to 0.5 percent of calcium, 2.5 to 3 percent of chromium, 4 to 5 percent of ferrum, 18 to 19 percent of cobalt and 52.7 to 57.1 percent of tungsten; the laser cladding process parameters are as follows: the laser pulse width is 15ns, the laser power is 1000-1300W, the spot diameter is 2-4mm, the lap joint rate is 50%, the powder feeding rate is 0.3-0.5r/min, and the scanning speed is 1000-1200mm/min;
s5, performing laser shock strengthening treatment on a cladding layer formed by the hard alloy powder to eliminate an interface between the alloying transition layer and the cladding layer, and checking the proportion of the hard alloy powder selected and clad in the step S4 and laser cladding process parameters by using the elimination effect of the interface between the transition layer and the cladding layer after laser shock;
s6, detecting the grain characteristic change condition at the interface between the transition layer and the cladding layer through an EBSD detection technology, verifying the interface elimination effect between the cladding layer and the transition layer, and determining the hard alloy powder component distribution ratio and the laser cladding process parameters in the step S4 if the interface elimination effect meets the requirement; if the interface elimination effect does not meet the requirement, repeating the steps S4-S6, and adjusting the hard alloy powder component proportion and the laser cladding process parameters in the step S4;
and S7, after verifying that the elimination effect of the cladding hard alloy powder and the laser cladding process on the interface meets the requirement, regulating and controlling laser impact process parameters to carry out laser impact on the plunger rod, optimizing the elimination effect of the laser impact on the interface in combination with the step S6, finishing the manufacturing of the plunger rod, and polishing the surface of the plunger rod to enable the surface roughness to meet the requirement.
Further, the stainless steel material in step S1, the alloying powder in step S3 and the cemented carbide powder in step S4 all have a powder particle size of 45-105 μm and a purity of 99.9%.
Further, in the step S4, in the laser cladding process, nitrogen protection and nitrogen powder feeding are adopted, the flow rate of the protective gas is 6L/min, and the powder feeding pressure is 0.6MPa.
Further, in the step S4, the thickness of the cladding layer formed by laser cladding of the cemented carbide powder after polishing is 45-55 μm higher than the required size of the plunger rod.
Further, in the step S5, the power density of the laser shock is 7.96GW/cm when performing the laser shock peening process 2 Medium power density.
Further, in the step S6, during EBSD detection, the FEI Quanta650 scanning electron microscope and the matched HKL NordlysNano EBSD probe are used to collect the data of the cross section of the cladding layer after laser impact in the step S5, and the variation of the grain characteristics of the interface region of the cross section of the cladding layer is observed to verify the effect of laser impact on eliminating the interface between the cladding layer and the transition layer.
Further, in the step S7, when adjusting the laser shock process parameter, the laser power density is selected to be 5.31-11.15GW/cm 2 Impacting 3 times under the same laser power density, wherein the diameter of a light spot is 2-5mm, and the lap joint rate is 25% -90%; during laser shock, an aluminum foil with a thickness of 0.1mm was usedAs an absorption layer, deionized water with a thickness of 2mm was used as a restraint layer.
In conclusion, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the impedance between the hard alloy cladding layer and the hard alloy transition layer is controlled within a tiny difference value by determining the formula of the alloying powder and the hard alloy powder after continuous regulation and control;
2. specific laser cladding technological parameters are screened, the interface bonding strength between the transition layer and the cladding layer is guaranteed, and the cladding efficiency is improved;
3. the alloying powder and the hard alloy powder are made of two similar materials, so that laser shock waves are transmitted in a large proportion at the interface due to the similar impedance, and the laser shock can change the characteristics of crystal grains at the interface between the hard alloy cladding layer and the hard alloying transition layer, thereby eliminating the interface between the cladding layer and the transition layer;
4. according to the invention, the plunger rod core is prepared by stainless steel materials, then the surface is changed into an alloying transition layer by microtexture and laser alloying, the surface alloying is changed into hard alloy, the hard alloy is melted and coated by laser to form a cladding layer, and finally the interface between the alloying transition layer and the hard alloy cladding layer is removed by laser shock strengthening, so that the comprehensive performances of the plunger rod such as hardness, toughness and strength are improved, the complex environment of an ultrahigh pressure plunger pump is met, and the manufacturing cost of the plunger rod of the hard alloy plunger pump is greatly reduced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method of manufacturing a plunger rod of an ultra-high pressure plunger pump;
FIG. 2 is a drawing of a manufacturing structure of a plunger rod prepared by the manufacturing method of the plunger rod of the ultra-high pressure plunger pump;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the interface of the plunger rod prepared by the manufacturing method of the plunger rod of the ultra-high pressure plunger pump;
FIG. 4 is a graph comparing the interface after laser shock and the interface before laser shock in the first example;
FIG. 5 is a graph comparing the interface after laser shock and the interface before laser shock in example two;
FIG. 6 is a comparison of the interface after laser shock and the interface before laser shock for example three.
In the figure, 1, a rod core; 2. a transition layer; 3. and (4) cladding the layer.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the following drawings and examples. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
The first embodiment is as follows:
a manufacturing method of a plunger rod of an ultrahigh pressure plunger pump is shown in figure 1 and comprises the following steps,
s1, manufacturing a plunger rod core 1 by using a stainless steel material, and lathing the plunger rod to a required size; wherein, the stainless steel material for preparing the plunger rod consists of the following components in percentage by weight: 0.04 to 0.08 percent of carbon, 1.5 to 2 percent of manganese, 0.3 to 0.5 percent of silicon, 17 to 19 percent of chromium, 6 to 9 percent of nickel, 0.2 to 0.4 percent of molybdenum, 0.2 to 0.4 percent of copper and the balance of iron. In this embodiment, the stainless steel material specifically comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 0.06% of carbon, 1.55% of manganese, 0.45% of silicon, 17.75% of chromium, 8% of nickel, 0.3% of molybdenum, 0.35% of copper and 71.54% of iron.
And S2, performing micro-texture treatment on the surface of the processed stainless steel plunger rod core 1.
And S3, preparing alloying powder according to the stainless steel material composition of the plunger rod core 1 in the step S1, then scattering the alloying powder into the microtexture, alloying the surface by the microtexture and laser to form a hard alloying transition layer 2, alloying the plunger rod into hard alloy, wherein no interface exists between the transition layer 2 and the rod core 1, namely the alloying transition layer 2 and the plunger rod core 1 are integrated into a whole by the laser alloying, and the hardness of the plunger rod core 1 is improved. Wherein the alloying powder consists of the following components in percentage by weight: 5 to 7.1 percent of carbon, 0.2 to 0.5 percent of calcium, 0.8 to 1 percent of chromium, 24.5 to 25.5 percent of cobalt and 66.5 to 69.5 percent of tungsten. In this embodiment, the alloying powder specifically comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 7.1% of carbon, 0.24% of calcium, 0.91% of chromium, 24.9% of cobalt and 66.85% of tungsten.
And S4, preparing hard alloy powder, carrying out rapid laser cladding treatment after alloying the surface of the plunger rod, adjusting laser cladding process parameters, forming a cladding layer 3 on the surface of the transition layer 2, and ensuring that the impedance between the cladding layer 3 and the transition layer 2 is similar. The hard alloy powder comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 17.7 to 19 percent of carbon, 0.2 to 0.3 percent of sulfur, 0.2 to 0.5 percent of potassium, 0.3 to 0.5 percent of calcium, 2.5 to 3 percent of chromium, 4 to 5 percent of ferrum, 18 to 19 percent of cobalt and 52.7 to 57.1 percent of tungsten. The laser cladding technological parameters are as follows: the laser pulse width is 15ns, the laser power is 1000-1300W, the spot diameter is 2-4mm, the lap joint rate is 50%, the powder feeding rate is 0.3-0.5r/min, and the scanning speed is 1000-1200mm/min. In the laser cladding process, nitrogen protection and nitrogen powder feeding are adopted, the flow rate of the protective gas is 6L/min, and the powder feeding pressure is 0.6MPa. After the cladding layer 3 is formed by laser cladding of the hard alloy powder, the cladding layer 3 needs to be polished smooth, and the thickness of the polished smooth cladding layer 3 is 45-55 microns larger than the required size of the plunger rod.
In this embodiment, the cemented carbide powder specifically includes the following components in percentage by weight: 18.45% of carbon, 0.26% of sulfur, 0.34% of potassium, 0.36% of calcium, 2.79% of chromium, 4.57% of iron, 18.48% of cobalt and 54.75% of tungsten. The laser cladding process parameters are as follows: the laser pulse width is 15ns, the laser power is 1000W, the spot diameter is 4mm, the lap joint rate is 50%, the powder feeding rate is 0.3r/min, and the scanning speed is 1200mm/min. The thickness of a cladding layer 3 formed by laser cladding of the hard alloy powder after polishing is 50 microns higher than the required size of the plunger rod. Fig. 2 shows a schematic specific structure diagram of the formation of the hard alloy transition layer 2 and the hard alloy cladding layer 3 on the plunger rod core 1.
S5, performing laser shock strengthening treatment on the cladding layer 3 formed by the hard alloy powder, wherein the laser shock strengthening power density is 7.96GW/cm 2 The interface between the alloying transition layer 2 and the cladding layer 3 is eliminated by the medium power density, and the elimination effect of the interface between the transition layer 2 and the cladding layer 3 after laser impact is used for checking the proportion of the hard alloy powder selected and clad in the step S4 and the laser cladding process parameters. The principle that laser shock can eliminate the interface between the transition layer 2 and the cladding layer 3 is that two similar materials, alloying powder and cemented carbide powder, make it possible to eliminate the interface between the transition layer 2 and the cladding layer 3The shock wave is transmitted in a large proportion at the interface due to the similar impedance, so that the laser can change the grain characteristics at the interface between the hard alloy cladding layer 3 and the hard alloy transition layer 2, thereby eliminating the interface between the cladding layer 3 and the transition layer 2. The schematic view of the interface between the plunger rod core 1, transition layer 2 and cladding layer 3 is shown in fig. 3. Wherein, the grain characteristic change means that the grain in the interface area is continuously refined to form an area with mixed fine grains and no clear boundary, and the fine grains respectively have the respective grain characteristics of the cladding layer 3 and the transition layer 2.
And S6, checking the grain refining condition at the interface between the transition layer 2 and the cladding layer 3 through an EBSD detection technology, and verifying whether the interface elimination effect between the cladding layer 3 and the transition layer 2 meets the target requirement. And collecting the section data of the cladding layer 3 subjected to the laser impact in the step S5 by using an FEI Quanta650 scanning electron microscope and a matched HKL Nordlysnano EBSD probe, observing the change condition of the grain characteristics of the section area of the cladding layer 3, and verifying the interface elimination effect between the cladding layer 3 and the transition layer 2. And if the interface elimination effect meets the requirement, determining the composition ratio of the hard alloy powder and the laser cladding process parameters in the step S4. And if the interface elimination effect between the transition layer 2 and the cladding layer 3 does not meet the target requirement, repeating the steps S4-S6, and finely adjusting the composition distribution ratio of the hard alloy powder and the laser cladding process parameters in the step S4.
And S7, after verifying that the elimination of the cladding hard alloy powder and the regulated laser cladding process on the interface meets the target requirement, optimizing laser shock process parameters to carry out laser shock on the plunger rod, and optimizing the elimination effect of the laser shock on the interface by combining the step S6. The laser shock process parameter optimization specifically comprises the following steps: the laser power density is 5.31-11.15GW/cm 2 Impacting for 3 times under the same laser power density, wherein the diameter of a light spot is 2-5mm, and the lap joint rate is 25% -90%; in the laser impact process, an aluminum foil with the thickness of 0.1mm is used as an absorption layer, deionized water with the thickness of 2mm is used as a restraint layer, the whole manufacturing of the plunger rod is completed, and the surface of the plunger rod is polished to enable the surface roughness of the plunger rod to meet the requirement. The structure diagram of the plunger rod manufactured through the above steps is shown in fig. 2.
In this embodiment, the laser power density of 11.15GW/cm is selected in step S7 2 Impact is carried out for 3 times, the diameter of a light spot is 4mm, and the lap joint rate is 50%. Fig. 4 shows a comparison graph of the elimination effect after laser shock and the interface effect without laser shock of the interface between the transition layer 2 and the cladding layer 3, where the left side is without laser shock and the right side is after laser shock.
Wherein, the stainless steel material in step S1, the alloying powder in step S3 and the cemented carbide powder in step S4 all have a powder particle size of 45-105 μm and a purity of 99.9%, and in this embodiment, the powder particle size is selected to be 80 μm.
Example two:
the difference between this embodiment and the first embodiment is that, in this embodiment, in step S3, the weight percentages of the components in the alloying powder are specifically: 5% of carbon, 0.2% of calcium, 0.8% of chromium, 24.5% of cobalt and 69.5% of tungsten.
In step S4, the hard alloy powder comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 17.7% of carbon, 0.2% of sulfur, 0.2% of potassium, 0.3% of calcium, 2.5% of chromium, 4% of iron, 18% of cobalt and 57.1% of tungsten.
In step S4, the laser cladding process parameters are specifically: the laser pulse width is 15ns, the laser power is 1200W, the spot diameter is 2mm, the lap joint rate is 50%, the powder feeding rate is 0.4r/min, and the scanning speed is 1100mm/min.
In step S7, a laser power density of 7.96GW/cm is selected 2 Impact is carried out for 3 times, the diameter of a light spot is 5mm, and the lap joint rate is 90%. Fig. 5 shows a comparison of the laser-shocked elimination effect and the laser-shocked interface effect of the interface between the transition layer 2 and the cladding layer 3, where the left side is not shocked by laser and the right side is shocked by laser.
Example three:
the present embodiment is different from the first and second embodiments in that: in this embodiment, in step S3, the alloying powder specifically includes the following components in percentage by weight: 6.5% of carbon, 0.5% of calcium, 1% of chromium, 25.5% of cobalt and 66.5% of tungsten.
In step S4, the hard alloy powder comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 19% of carbon, 0.3% of sulfur, 0.5% of potassium, 0.5% of calcium, 3% of chromium, 5% of iron, 19% of cobalt and 52.7% of tungsten.
In step S4, the laser cladding process parameters are specifically: the laser pulse width is 15ns, the laser power is 1300W, the spot diameter is 3mm, the lap joint rate is 50%, the powder feeding rate is 0.5r/min, and the scanning speed is 1000mm/min.
In step S7, laser power density of 5.31GW/cm is selected 2 Impact is carried out for 3 times, the diameter of a light spot is 2mm, and the lap joint rate is 25%. Fig. 6 shows a comparison of the effect of eliminating the interface between the transition layer 2 and the cladding layer 3 after laser shock and the effect of the interface without laser shock, where the left side is without laser shock and the right side is after laser shock.
According to fig. 4, 5 and 6, when the alloying powder, the cemented carbide powder, the laser cladding process parameter and the laser shock process parameter are the specific configurations in the first embodiment, the interface elimination effect is the best, and the grain characteristic change in the interface region is the most obvious, for the elimination effect of the interface between the transition layer 2 and the cladding layer 3. The second embodiment is that the interface elimination effect is obvious, but the grain characteristics near the interface area are not obviously changed, and finally, the third embodiment is that the interface elimination effect is not as good as the first embodiment and the second embodiment, and the grain characteristics near the interface area are basically not changed.
Firstly, preparing a plunger rod by using a stainless steel material, then processing a transition layer 2 by using alloying powder after laser alloying the surface of the stainless steel material, wherein the laser alloying preparation of the transition layer 2 ensures that no interface exists between the transition layer 2 and the surface of a plunger rod core 1 made of the stainless steel material, and the laser alloying surface hardness is greater than that of the original plunger rod made of the stainless steel material; then cladding the hard alloy powder on the transition layer 2 by laser cladding to form a cladding layer 3, so that the cladding layer 3 and the hard alloyed transition layer 2 have approximate impedance; and finally, shock waves generated by laser shock are utilized to generate large-proportion transmission at the interface between the transition layer 2 and the cladding layer 3 with the material impedance close to each other, so that the change of the characteristics of crystal grains near the interface is ensured, the interface between the cladding layer 3 and the transition layer 2 is eliminated, and the bonding strength between the cladding layer 3 and the transition layer 2 is improved.
For the impedance control, firstly, the formula of the hard alloy powder is regulated and controlled, the transmission proportion of shock waves between the cladding layer 3 and the transition layer 2 is controlled, then the interface area is detected by means of EBSD and the like, the change condition of the grain characteristics is observed, and the effectiveness of the formula of the hard alloy powder, the rationality of laser cladding process parameters and laser shock strengthening process parameters are verified.
While the foregoing description shows and describes the preferred embodiments of the present invention, it is to be understood that the invention is not limited to the forms disclosed herein, but is not to be construed as excluding other embodiments and is capable of use in various other combinations, modifications, and environments and is capable of changes within the scope of the inventive concept as described herein, commensurate with the above teachings, or the skill or knowledge of the relevant art. And that modifications and variations may be effected by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (7)
1. A manufacturing method of a plunger rod of an ultrahigh pressure plunger pump is characterized in that: the method specifically comprises the following steps of,
s1, manufacturing a plunger rod core (1) by using a stainless steel material, and lathing the plunger rod to a required size; wherein, the stainless steel material for preparing the plunger rod consists of the following components in percentage by weight: 0.04 to 0.08 percent of carbon, 1.5 to 2 percent of manganese, 0.3 to 0.5 percent of silicon, 17 to 19 percent of chromium, 6 to 9 percent of nickel, 0.2 to 0.4 percent of molybdenum, 0.2 to 0.4 percent of copper and the balance of iron;
s2, performing micro-texture treatment on the surface of the processed stainless steel material plunger rod core (1);
s3, preparing alloying powder according to the composition of the stainless steel material of the plunger rod core (1) in the step S1, carrying out laser alloying on the microtextured surface to form a hard alloying transition layer (2), and alloying the plunger rod into hard alloy; wherein the alloying powder consists of the following components in percentage by weight: 5 to 7.1 percent of carbon, 0.2 to 0.5 percent of calcium, 0.8 to 1 percent of chromium, 24.5 to 25.5 percent of cobalt and 66.5 to 69.5 percent of tungsten;
s4, preparing hard alloy powder, alloying the surface of the plunger rod, performing rapid laser cladding treatment, forming a cladding layer (3) on the surface of the transition layer (2), and polishing the surface of the cladding layer (3) to be smooth; the hard alloy powder comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 17.7 to 19 percent of carbon, 0.2 to 0.3 percent of sulfur, 0.2 to 0.5 percent of potassium, 0.3 to 0.5 percent of calcium, 2.5 to 3 percent of chromium, 4 to 5 percent of ferrum, 18 to 19 percent of cobalt and 52.7 to 57.1 percent of tungsten; the laser cladding process parameters are as follows: the laser pulse width is 15ns, the laser power is 1000-1300W, the spot diameter is 2-4mm, the lap joint rate is 50%, the powder feeding rate is 0.3-0.5r/min, and the scanning speed is 1000-1200mm/min;
s5, performing laser shock strengthening treatment on a cladding layer (3) formed by the hard alloy powder to eliminate an interface between the alloying transition layer (2) and the cladding layer (3), and checking the proportion of the hard alloy powder selected and clad in the step S4 and laser cladding process parameters by using the elimination effect of the interface between the transition layer (2) and the cladding layer (3) after laser shock;
s6, detecting the grain characteristic change condition of the interface between the transition layer (2) and the cladding layer (3) through an EBSD detection technology, verifying the interface elimination effect between the cladding layer (3) and the transition layer (2), and determining the hard alloy powder component distribution ratio and the laser cladding process parameters in the step S4 if the interface elimination effect meets the requirement; if the interface elimination effect does not meet the requirement, repeating the steps S4-S6, and adjusting the hard alloy powder component proportion and the laser cladding process parameters in the step S4;
s7, after verifying that the interface eliminating effect of the cladding hard alloy powder and the laser cladding process meets the requirements, regulating and controlling laser shock process parameters to carry out laser shock on the plunger rod, optimizing the interface eliminating effect of the laser shock in combination with the step S6, completing the manufacturing of the plunger rod, and polishing the surface of the plunger rod to enable the surface roughness of the plunger rod to meet the requirements.
2. The manufacturing method of the plunger rod of the ultrahigh-pressure plunger pump according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the steps of: the stainless steel material in the step S1, the alloying powder in the step S3 and the hard alloy powder in the step S4 have the powder granularity of 45-105 mu m and the purity of 99.9 percent.
3. The manufacturing method of the plunger rod of the ultrahigh-pressure plunger pump according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the steps of: in the step S4, in the laser cladding process, nitrogen protection and nitrogen powder feeding are adopted, the flow rate of protective gas is 6L/min, and the powder feeding pressure is 0.6MPa.
4. The manufacturing method of the plunger rod of the ultrahigh-pressure plunger pump according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step S4, the thickness of the cladding layer (3) formed by laser cladding of the hard alloy powder after polishing is 45-55 microns larger than the required size of the plunger rod.
5. The manufacturing method of the plunger rod of the ultrahigh-pressure plunger pump according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step S5, the power density of the laser shock is selected to be 7.96GW/cm during the laser shock strengthening treatment 2 Medium power density.
6. The manufacturing method of the plunger rod of the ultrahigh-pressure plunger pump according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the steps of: in the step S6, during EBSD detection, the FEIQuanta650 scanning electron microscope and the matched hklnordysnanoebsd probe are used to collect the data of the cross section of the cladding layer (3) after laser impact in the step S5, and the variation of the grain characteristics of the interface region of the cross section of the cladding layer (3) is observed to verify the effect of laser impact on eliminating the interface between the cladding layer (3) and the transition layer (2).
7. The manufacturing method of the plunger rod of the ultrahigh-pressure plunger pump according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step S7, when the laser impact process parameters are adjusted, the laser power density is selected to be 5.31-11.15GW/cm 2 Impacting 3 times under the same laser power density, wherein the diameter of a light spot is 2-5mm, and the lap joint rate is 25% -90%; during laser shock, an aluminum foil with the thickness of 0.1mm is used as an absorption layer, and deionized water with the thickness of 2mm is used as a restraint layer.
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