CN113737175B - Laser composite repairing method for plunger rod of ultrahigh-pressure plunger pump - Google Patents

Laser composite repairing method for plunger rod of ultrahigh-pressure plunger pump Download PDF

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CN113737175B
CN113737175B CN202111053600.0A CN202111053600A CN113737175B CN 113737175 B CN113737175 B CN 113737175B CN 202111053600 A CN202111053600 A CN 202111053600A CN 113737175 B CN113737175 B CN 113737175B
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laser
plunger rod
cladding
repair
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CN113737175A (en
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曹宇鹏
王志敏
施卫东
王振刚
陈默涵
杨勇飞
谭林伟
陆华
陈真
陈镜安
姜飞超
张春林
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Nantong Cosco Shipping Engineering Co ltd
Nantong University
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Nantong Cosco Shipping Engineering Co ltd
Nantong University
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C24/00—Coating starting from inorganic powder
    • C23C24/08—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat
    • C23C24/10—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat with intermediate formation of a liquid phase in the layer
    • C23C24/103—Coating with metallic material, i.e. metals or metal alloys, optionally comprising hard particles, e.g. oxides, carbides or nitrides
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C27/00—Alloys based on rhenium or a refractory metal not mentioned in groups C22C14/00 or C22C16/00
    • C22C27/04—Alloys based on tungsten or molybdenum
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C22F3/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by special physical methods, e.g. treatment with neutrons
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/25—Process efficiency

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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  • Metallurgy (AREA)
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  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Other Surface Treatments For Metallic Materials (AREA)
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Abstract

The invention provides a laser composite repairing method for a plunger rod of an ultrahigh-pressure plunger pump, which relates to the technical field of laser processing and comprises the steps of polishing the surface layer of the plunger rod, configuring laser cladding repairing powder according to chemical components of a base body of the plunger rod, regulating and controlling laser cladding repairing process parameters, strengthening surface laser shock, eliminating an interface effect through EBSD observation, regulating and controlling laser shock parameters and the like, so that the repairing of the surface abrasion of the plunger rod is completed. According to the invention, by selecting the repair powder with the impedance similar to that of the plunger rod substrate, regulating and controlling the laser cladding process parameters and the laser impact process parameters, and utilizing the shock waves generated by laser impact to generate large-scale transmission at the interface of the adjacent impedance materials, the change of the grain characteristics of the bonding area of the cladding layer and the plunger rod substrate is caused, the interface between the cladding layer and the plunger rod substrate is eliminated, the bonding strength between the cladding layer and the plunger rod substrate is increased, and thus the service life of the plunger rod after repair is prolonged.

Description

Laser composite repair method for plunger rod of ultrahigh-pressure plunger pump
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of laser processing, in particular to a laser composite repairing method for a plunger rod of an ultrahigh-pressure plunger pump.
Background
The laser shock strengthening adopts high-energy laser beams to act on the surface of a material to generate a high strain strengthening effect, introduces residual compressive stress on the surface of the material, and refines grains, thereby achieving the purpose of modifying the surface of the material. The wear-resistant and corrosion-resistant composite material can effectively improve the fatigue life, wear resistance, corrosion resistance and other properties of parts.
The laser cladding is a novel surface additive manufacturing technology, alloy powder is fused by a high-energy and high-density laser beam, the effect of metal smelting is achieved, the mechanical properties of the material, such as tensile resistance, wear resistance and the like, are improved, and the method is suitable for treating local damage of metal parts.
At present, pure water jet is widely applied to operations such as material surface cleaning, material cutting and the like, the erosion effect of the water jet is greatly improved due to the ultrahigh pressure of the pure water jet, and the pure water jet is widely applied to the aspects of material cutting, rust removal, industrial cleaning and the like. However, the damage, eccentric wear and sealing form of the ultrahigh pressure water cause the abrasion and fatigue damage of the plunger rod in the plunger pump, and the operating efficiency and service life of the whole system are greatly reduced due to the high pressure and serious abrasion damage of the plunger rod. Because the manufacturing process of the plunger rod of the plunger pump is complex and the production cost is high, the optimization of the repairing and remanufacturing technology of the plunger rod has high economic benefit and social value.
The Chinese patent with the publication number of CN102166702B discloses a laser cladding repair method for a piston rod, and the Chinese patent with the publication number of CN106148943B discloses a repair method for a piston rod of an AGC hydraulic cylinder of a rolling mill.
The Chinese patent with the granted publication number of CN104480476B discloses a laser thermal combination remanufacturing method for a metal damaged part, wherein laser shock treatment is carried out after each layer is cladded and repaired, crystal grains of an integral cladding layer are refined, and defects of micropores and the like in the cladding layer are overcome. However, the subsequent cladding process can damage the previous laser shock process, the next laser cladding process forms a melting region in the last laser shock strengthening region, the refined crystal grains are recrystallized at high temperature to form large crystal grains, the laser shock strengthening effect cannot be guaranteed, and the service life of the plunger rod after being repaired is influenced. In addition, in the laser cladding process, due to the existence of the interface, local stress concentration is easily generated, so that the hidden danger of next damage of the plunger rod is caused.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a laser composite repair method for a plunger rod of an ultrahigh-pressure plunger pump, which is characterized in that a cladding layer and a plunger rod substrate have approximate impedance by regulating and controlling cladding powder composition, shock waves generated by laser shock generate large-scale transmission at an interface of an approximate impedance material, so that the characteristics of crystal grains near the interface are changed, and the interface between the cladding layer and the plunger rod is eliminated.
The technical purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a laser composite repairing method for a plunger rod of an ultrahigh pressure plunger pump comprises the following steps,
s1, polishing the surface layer of the plunger rod through machining until the maximum abrasion pit is polished;
s2, preparing repair powder according to the chemical composition of the plunger rod; the plunger rod comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 25.5 to 27 percent of carbon, 0.2 to 0.3 percent of sulfur, 0.1 to 0.3 percent of potassium, 0.3 to 0.4 percent of calcium, 0.6 to 0.8 percent of chromium, 3.5 to 4 percent of ferrum, 9.5 to 11 percent of cobalt and 57.3 to 58.2 percent of tungsten; the repair powder comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 23 to 25.5 percent of carbon, 0.2 to 0.3 percent of sulfur, 0.2 to 0.5 percent of potassium, 0.4 to 0.6 percent of calcium, 1.6 to 1.9 percent of chromium, 3.7 to 5 percent of ferrum, 8.4 to 8.6 percent of cobalt and 57.6 to 62.5 percent of tungsten;
s3, carrying out rapid laser cladding treatment, cladding the repair powder on the surface layer of the polished plunger rod to form a cladding layer, and polishing the surface of the cladding layer to be smooth; the laser cladding process parameters are as follows: the laser pulse width is 15ns, the laser power is 1000-1300W, the spot diameter is 2-4mm, the lap joint rate is 50%, the powder feeding rate is 0.3-0.5r/min, and the scanning speed is 1000-1200mm/min;
s4, performing laser shock strengthening treatment on the smooth surface of a cladding layer formed on the plunger rod substrate by laser cladding repair powder to eliminate the interface between the plunger rod substrate and the cladding layer, and simultaneously inspecting the selected cladding repair powder ratio and laser cladding process parameters by using the elimination effect of the interface between the cladding layer and the plunger rod substrate after laser shock;
s5, detecting the grain characteristic change condition at the interface between the cladding layer and the plunger rod substrate through an EBSD detection technology, verifying the interface elimination effect between the cladding layer and the plunger rod substrate, and if the interface elimination effect meets the requirement, determining the component ratio of the repair powder in the step S2 and the laser cladding process parameters in the step S3; if the interface elimination effect does not meet the repair requirement, repeating the steps S2-S5, and adjusting the component ratio of the repair powder in the step S2 and the laser cladding process parameters in the step S3;
s6, after verifying that the elimination effect of the cladding repair powder and the laser cladding process parameters on the interface meets the repair requirement, regulating and controlling the laser impact process parameters to carry out laser impact on the cladding layer, optimizing the elimination effect of the laser impact on the interface in combination with the step S5, completing the repair of the plunger rod, and polishing the surface of the plunger rod to enable the repair surface to be flush with the surface of the intact plunger rod and meet the requirement of the plunger rod on the surface roughness.
Further, the repair powder configured in the step S2 has a powder particle size of 45-105 μm and a purity of 99.9%.
Further, in the step S3, in the laser cladding process, nitrogen protection and nitrogen powder feeding are adopted, the flow rate of the protective gas is 6L/min, and the powder feeding pressure is 0.6MPa.
Further, in the step S3, the thickness of the polished smooth cladding layer formed by the laser cladding repair powder is 45-55 μm higher than that of the original plunger rod.
Further, in step S4, during the laser shock peening, the power density of the laser shock is selected to be 7.96GW/cm 2 Medium power density.
Further, in the step S5, during EBSD detection, the FEI Quanta650 scanning electron microscope and the matched HKL NordlysNano EBSD probe are used to collect the data of the cross section of the cladding layer after laser impact in the step S4, and the variation of the grain characteristics of the interface region of the cross section of the cladding layer is observed to verify the effect of laser impact on eliminating the interface between the cladding layer and the plunger rod substrate.
Further, in the step S6, when the laser shock process parameter is adjusted, the laser power density is selected to be 5.31-11.15GW/cm 2 Impacting 3 times under the same laser power density, wherein the diameter of a light spot is 2-5mm, and the lap joint rate is 25% -90%; during laser shock, an aluminum foil with a thickness of 0.1mm is used as an absorption layer, and deionized water with a thickness of 2mm is used as a restraint layer.
In conclusion, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the formula and the content of the repair powder are determined after continuous regulation and control, so that the impedance between a cladding layer formed by laser cladding of the repair powder and a plunger rod substrate is similar;
2. by screening specific laser cladding process parameters and laser shock parameters, the bonding strength between a cladding layer and a plunger rod substrate is ensured, the cladding efficiency is improved, and the ratio of transmission and reflection of laser shock waves at an interface is controlled;
3. the chemical components of the repair powder and the plunger rod substrate are similar, so that the impedance between the cladding layer and the plunger rod substrate is similar, and further, the laser shock wave is transmitted in a large proportion at the joint interface of the cladding layer and the plunger rod substrate due to the similar impedance, so that the laser shock can change the grain characteristics at the joint interface of the cladding layer and the plunger rod, the interface between the cladding layer and the plunger rod substrate is eliminated, the joint strength of the cladding layer and the plunger rod substrate is improved, and the service life of the plunger rod after repair is prolonged.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a laser composite repair method for an ultrahigh pressure plunger pump plunger rod;
FIG. 2 is a graph of plunger rod surface wear;
FIG. 3 is a statistical plot of the grain sizes of the upper, middle and bottom cladding layers without laser shock and in examples one, two and three; wherein (1) is not impacted by laser, (2) is embodiment one, (3) is embodiment two, and (4) is embodiment three;
FIG. 4 is a comparison of the interface areas between the cladding layer and the plunger rod substrate in the absence of laser shock and in examples one, two and three; wherein (a) is not laser shock, (b) is embodiment one, (c) is embodiment two, and (d) is embodiment three.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the following drawings and examples. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and do not limit the invention.
The first embodiment is as follows:
a laser composite repairing method for a plunger rod of an ultrahigh pressure plunger pump is shown in figure 1 and specifically comprises the following steps,
s1, polishing the surface layer of the plunger rod through machining until the most worn pits are polished away, namely the surface layer of the plunger rod is completely polished. The plunger rod surface wear is shown in figure 2.
S2, preparing repair powder according to the chemical composition of the plunger rod, wherein the repair powder and the plunger rod are similar in components and content, and therefore impedance similarity between the repair powder and the plunger rod is guaranteed. The plunger rod comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 25.5 to 27 percent of carbon, 0.2 to 0.3 percent of sulfur, 0.1 to 0.3 percent of potassium, 0.3 to 0.4 percent of calcium, 0.6 to 0.8 percent of chromium, 3.5 to 4 percent of ferrum, 9.5 to 11 percent of cobalt and 57.3 to 58.2 percent of tungsten; the repair powder comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 23 to 25.5 percent of carbon, 0.2 to 0.3 percent of sulfur, 0.2 to 0.5 percent of potassium, 0.4 to 0.6 percent of calcium, 1.6 to 1.9 percent of chromium, 3.7 to 5 percent of ferrum, 8.4 to 8.6 percent of cobalt and 57.6 to 62.5 percent of tungsten. In addition, the repair powder has a powder particle size of 45-105 μm and a purity of 99.9%.
In this embodiment, the plunger rod base body comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 26.45% of carbon, 0.26% of sulfur, 0.21% of potassium, 0.36% of calcium, 0.79% of chromium, 3.75% of iron, 10.52% of cobalt and 8978% of tungsten, zxft 8978%. Correspondingly, the repair powder comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 24.45% of carbon, 0.26% of sulfur, 0.31% of potassium, 0.52% of calcium, 1.79% of chromium, 4.37% of iron, 8.48% of cobalt and 59.82% of tungsten, and the powder particle size of the repair powder is 85 μm.
And S3, carrying out rapid laser cladding treatment, cladding the repair powder on the surface layer of the polished plunger rod to form a cladding layer, polishing the cladding layer to make the surface of the cladding layer smooth, and polishing the cladding layer to obtain the original plunger rod with the thickness of 45-55 microns at the high position. The laser cladding process parameters are as follows: the laser pulse width is 15ns, the laser power is 1000-1300W, the spot diameter is 2-4mm, the lap joint rate is 50%, the powder feeding rate is 0.3-0.5r/min, and the scanning speed is 1000-1200mm/min. In the laser cladding process, nitrogen protection and nitrogen powder feeding are adopted, the flow rate of protective gas is 6L/min, and the powder feeding pressure is 0.6MPa. In this embodiment, the laser cladding process parameters selected for use are: the laser pulse width is 15ns, the laser power is 1000W, the spot diameter is 4mm, the lap joint rate is 50%, the powder feeding rate is 0.3r/min, and the scanning speed is 1200mm/min. The thickness of a cladding layer formed by laser cladding repair powder is 50 microns higher than that of an original plunger rod after the cladding layer is polished smoothly.
S4, performing laser shock strengthening treatment on the smooth surface of the cladding layer formed on the plunger rod substrate by the laser cladding repair powder, wherein the power density of laser shock is 7.96GW/cm 2 The medium power density is used for eliminating the interface between the plunger rod substrate and the cladding layer, and the elimination effect of the interface between the cladding layer and the plunger rod substrate after laser impact is used for checking the selected and used repairing powder ratio and the laser cladding process parameters. The principle of eliminating the interface by laser impact is that the chemical components of the repair powder and the plunger rod substrate are similar, so that the impedances of the cladding layer and the plunger rod substrate are similar, and the laser impact wave is transmitted in a large proportion at the joint interface of the cladding layer and the plunger rod substrate due to the similar impedances, so that the laser impact can change the characteristics of grains at the joint interface of the cladding layer and the plunger rod, thereby eliminating the cladding layer and the columnThe interface between the plug stem bases. The crystal grain characteristic change means that crystal grains in an interface area are continuously refined to form an area with mixed fine crystal grains and no clear boundary, and the fine crystal grains respectively have the respective crystal grain characteristics of a cladding layer and a plunger rod substrate.
And S5, detecting the grain characteristic change condition at the interface between the cladding layer and the plunger rod substrate by an EBSD detection technology, and verifying whether the interface elimination effect between the cladding layer and the plunger rod substrate meets the repair requirement or not. And (3) acquiring the data of the cross section of the cladding layer subjected to the laser impact in the step (S4) by using an FEI Quanta650 scanning electron microscope and a matched HKL Nordlysnano EBSD probe, and observing the change condition of the characteristics of crystal grains in the interface region of the cross section of the cladding layer to verify the effect of the laser impact on eliminating the interface between the cladding layer and the plunger rod substrate. And if the interface elimination effect meets the requirement, determining the component ratio of the repair powder in the step S2 and the laser cladding process parameters in the step S3. And if the interface elimination effect between the cladding layer and the plunger rod substrate does not meet the repair requirement, repeating the steps S2-S5, and finely adjusting the component ratio of the repair powder in the step S2 and the laser cladding process parameters in the step S3.
And S6, after verifying that the elimination effect of the cladding repair powder and the laser cladding process parameters on the interface meets the repair requirement, optimizing the laser impact process parameters to carry out laser impact on the cladding layer, and optimizing the elimination effect of the laser impact on the interface by combining the step S5. The laser shock process parameter optimization specifically comprises the following steps: selecting laser power density of 5.31-11.15GW/cm 2 Impacting 3 times under the same laser power density, wherein the diameter of a light spot is 2-5mm, and the lap joint rate is 25% -90%; in the laser impact process, an aluminum foil with the thickness of 0.1mm is used as an absorption layer, deionized water with the thickness of 2mm is used as a restraint layer, the surface abrasion part of the plunger rod is repaired, the surface of the plunger rod is polished, the repaired surface of the plunger rod is flush with the surface of the intact plunger rod, and the requirement of the plunger rod on the surface roughness is met. In this embodiment, the laser power density of 11.15GW/cm is selected in step S6 2 Impact is carried out for 3 times, the diameter of a light spot is 4mm, and the lap joint rate is 50%. The repaired plunger rod of the present example, the grain sizes of the upper, middle and bottom portions of the cladding layer are shown in (2) of FIG. 3,the interface elimination and grain refinement effects between the cladding layer and the plunger rod substrate are shown in fig. 4 (b).
The second embodiment:
the difference between this embodiment and the first embodiment is that, in this embodiment, in step S2, the repair powder comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 23% of carbon, 0.2% of sulfur, 0.2% of potassium, 0.4% of calcium, 1.6% of chromium, 3.7% of iron, 8.4% of cobalt and 62.5% of tungsten.
In the step S3, the selected laser cladding process parameters are as follows: the laser pulse width is 15ns, the laser power is 1200W, the spot diameter is 2mm, the lap joint rate is 50%, the powder feeding rate is 0.4r/min, and the scanning speed is 1100mm/min.
In step S6, the laser power density of 7.96GW/cm is selected 2 Impact is carried out for 3 times, the diameter of a light spot is 5mm, and the lap joint rate is 90%.
The grain sizes of the upper part, the middle part and the bottom part of the cladding layer of the repaired plunger rod are shown in (3) in fig. 3, and the interface elimination and grain refinement effects between the cladding layer and the plunger rod base body are shown in (c) in fig. 4.
Example three:
the present embodiment is different from the first and second embodiments in that: in this embodiment, in step S2, the repair powder comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 25.5% of carbon, 0.3% of sulfur, 0.5% of potassium, 0.6% of calcium, 1.9% of chromium, 5% of iron, 8.6% of cobalt and 57.6% of tungsten.
In the step S3, the selected laser cladding process parameters are as follows: the laser pulse width is 15ns, the laser power is 1300W, the spot diameter is 3mm, the lap joint rate is 50%, the powder feeding rate is 0.5r/min, and the scanning speed is 1000mm/min.
In step S6, laser power density of 5.31GW/cm is selected 2 Impact is carried out for 3 times, the diameter of a light spot is 2mm, and the lap joint rate is 25%.
The grain sizes of the upper part, the middle part and the bottom part of the cladding layer of the repaired plunger rod are shown in (4) in fig. 3, and the interface elimination and grain refinement effects between the cladding layer and the plunger rod base body are shown in (d) in fig. 4.
As shown in fig. 3 and 4, when the repair powder, the laser cladding process parameters, and the laser shock process parameters are the specific configurations in example one, the effect of eliminating the interface between the cladding layer and the plunger rod substrate is the best, and the variation of the grain characteristics in the interface region is the most obvious, according to the statistics of the grain sizes of the upper part, the middle part, and the bottom part of the cladding layer in the absence of shock, and the comparison of the interface region between the cladding layer and the plunger rod substrate in example one, in example two, and example three. The second embodiment is that the interface elimination effect is obvious, but the change situation of the grain characteristics of the interface area is not obvious, and finally, the third embodiment is that the interface elimination effect is not as good as the first embodiment and the second embodiment, and the grain characteristics of the interface area are basically not changed.
According to the invention, the repair powder with the impedance similar to that of the plunger rod substrate is selected, the laser cladding process parameters and the laser impact process parameters are regulated and controlled, the shock wave generated by laser impact is utilized to generate large-scale transmission at the interface of the adjacent impedance material, the crystal grains in the interface region are refined to form a region with fine mixed crystal grains and no clear boundary region, and the fine crystal grains respectively have the respective crystal grain characteristics of the cladding layer and the substrate, so that the interface between the cladding layer and the plunger rod substrate is eliminated, the bonding strength between the cladding layer and the plunger rod substrate is increased, and the service life of the plunger rod after repair is prolonged.
For impedance control, firstly, a repair powder formula is regulated and controlled, the transmission ratio of shock waves between a cladding layer and a plunger rod substrate is controlled, then the interface area is detected by means of EBSD and the like, the change condition of the crystal grain characteristics is observed, and the effectiveness of the repair powder formula, the rationality of laser cladding process parameters and laser shock strengthening process parameters are verified.
While the foregoing description shows and describes the preferred embodiments of the present invention, it is to be understood that the invention is not limited to the forms disclosed herein, but is not to be construed as excluding other embodiments and is capable of use in various other combinations, modifications, and environments and is capable of changes within the scope of the inventive concept as described herein, commensurate with the above teachings, or the skill or knowledge of the relevant art. And that modifications and variations may be effected by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.

Claims (7)

1. A laser composite repairing method for a plunger rod of an ultrahigh pressure plunger pump is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method specifically comprises the following steps of,
s1, polishing the surface layer of the plunger rod through machining until the maximum abrasion pits are polished;
s2, preparing repair powder according to the chemical composition of the plunger rod; the plunger rod comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 25.5 to 27 percent of carbon, 0.2 to 0.3 percent of sulfur, 0.1 to 0.3 percent of potassium, 0.3 to 0.4 percent of calcium, 0.6 to 0.8 percent of chromium, 3.5 to 4 percent of ferrum, 9.5 to 11 percent of cobalt and 57.3 to 58.2 percent of tungsten; the repair powder comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 23 to 25.5 percent of carbon, 0.2 to 0.3 percent of sulfur, 0.2 to 0.5 percent of potassium, 0.4 to 0.6 percent of calcium, 1.6 to 1.9 percent of chromium, 3.7 to 5 percent of ferrum, 8.4 to 8.6 percent of cobalt and 57.6 to 62.5 percent of tungsten;
s3, carrying out rapid laser cladding treatment, cladding the repair powder on the surface layer of the polished plunger rod to form a cladding layer, and polishing the surface of the cladding layer to be smooth; the laser cladding process parameters are as follows: the laser pulse width is 15ns, the laser power is 1000-1300W, the spot diameter is 2-4mm, the lap joint rate is 50%, the powder feeding rate is 0.3-0.5r/min, and the scanning speed is 1000-1200mm/min;
s4, performing laser shock strengthening treatment on the smooth surface of the cladding layer formed on the plunger rod substrate by laser cladding repair powder to eliminate the interface between the plunger rod substrate and the cladding layer, and simultaneously checking the selected cladding repair powder ratio and laser cladding process parameters by using the elimination effect of the interface between the cladding layer and the plunger rod substrate after laser shock;
s5, detecting the grain characteristic change condition at the interface between the cladding layer and the plunger rod substrate through an EBSD detection technology, verifying the interface elimination effect between the cladding layer and the plunger rod substrate, and if the interface elimination effect meets the requirement, determining the component ratio of the repair powder in the step S2 and the laser cladding process parameters in the step S3; if the interface elimination effect does not meet the repair requirement, repeating the steps S2-S5, and adjusting the component proportion of the repair powder in the step S2 and the laser cladding process parameters in the step S3;
s6, after verifying that the elimination effect of the cladding repair powder and the laser cladding process parameters on the interface meets the repair requirement, regulating and controlling the laser impact process parameters to carry out laser impact on the cladding layer, optimizing the elimination effect of the laser impact on the interface in combination with the step S5, completing the repair of the plunger rod, and polishing the surface of the plunger rod to enable the repair surface to be flush with the surface of the intact plunger rod and meet the requirement of the plunger rod on the surface roughness.
2. The laser composite repair method for the plunger rod of the ultrahigh-pressure plunger pump according to claim 1, which is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the repair powder prepared in the step S2 has a powder granularity of 45-105 μm and a purity of 99.9%.
3. The laser composite repair method for the plunger rod of the ultrahigh-pressure plunger pump according to claim 1, which is characterized by comprising the following steps of: in the step S3, in the laser cladding process, nitrogen protection and nitrogen powder feeding are adopted, the flow rate of protective gas is 6L/min, and the powder feeding pressure is 0.6MPa.
4. The laser composite repair method for the plunger rod of the ultrahigh-pressure plunger pump according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps of: in the step S3, the thickness of the polished and smoothed cladding layer formed by laser cladding repair powder is 45-55 μm higher than that of the original plunger rod.
5. The laser composite repair method for the plunger rod of the ultrahigh-pressure plunger pump according to claim 1, which is characterized by comprising the following steps of: in the step S4, the power density of laser shock is selected to be 7.96GW/cm during laser shock strengthening treatment 2 Medium power density.
6. The laser composite repair method for the plunger rod of the ultrahigh-pressure plunger pump according to claim 1, which is characterized by comprising the following steps of: in the step S5, during EBSD detection, the FEIQuanta650 scanning electron microscope and the matched hklnordysnanoebsd probe are used to collect the data of the cross section of the cladding layer after laser impact in the step S4, and the variation of the grain characteristics of the interface region of the cross section of the cladding layer is observed to verify the effect of laser impact on eliminating the interface between the cladding layer and the plunger rod substrate.
7. The laser composite repair method for the plunger rod of the ultrahigh-pressure plunger pump according to claim 1, which is characterized by comprising the following steps of: in the step S6, when the laser impact process parameters are adjusted, the laser power density is selected to be 5.31-11.15GW/cm 2 Impacting 3 times under the same laser power density, wherein the diameter of a light spot is 2-5mm, and the lap joint rate is 25% -90%; during laser shock, an aluminum foil with the thickness of 0.1mm is used as an absorption layer, and deionized water with the thickness of 2mm is used as a restraint layer.
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