CN113603700B - 一种检测铜离子的光致变色荧光探针及其制备方法与应用 - Google Patents
一种检测铜离子的光致变色荧光探针及其制备方法与应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
一种检测铜离子的光致变色荧光探针及其制备方法与应用,该荧光探针命名为TPE‑Rh‑Sal,化学结构式如式I所示;是由原料1‑(4‑甲酸苯基)‑1,2,2‑三苯乙烯和罗丹明化合物B在催化剂作用下合成得到TPE‑Rh‑NH2,再与水杨醛反应合成、纯化得到。本发明中探针在四氢呋喃溶液中表现出对Cu2+和紫外线双刺激响应特性,对Cu2+识别表现出高选择性和高灵敏度;该探针具有光致变色性质,该探针以及采用石蜡负载该探针的复合材料均具有较快的响应速度和良好的抗疲劳性能,该探针制备工艺简单、合成路线短。将该探针应用于检测铜离子中,将复合材料应用于光信息存储、紫外线快速检测、防伪材料中,拓宽了探针的应用范围。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于有机荧光分子探针领域,具体涉及一种检测铜离子的光致变色荧光探针及其制备方法与应用。
背景技术
自从智能材料概念被提出以来,众多科研人员都在探寻具有多刺激响应、反应灵敏以及自我恢复等优异性能的新型多功能材料。在众多多功能材料中,光致变色材料起步较早,经过几十年的快速发展,已经广泛的应用于光开关、信息存储、防伪技术、光控药物释放以及光刻胶等高新技术领域。常见的有机光致变色材料有偶氮苯类、螺吡喃类以及二噻吩乙烯类等。虽然光致变色材料发展迅速,也取得了巨大的进步和丰硕的成果,仍然存在一些不足。偶氮苯类光致变色材料存在紫外线照射下,转化不完全;螺吡喃类光致变色材料抗疲劳性能差;二噻吩乙烯虽然在溶液和固体都具有光致变色现象,并且响应灵敏、抗疲劳性能好等优点,但是其合成复杂,不利于大规模工业生产与应用。因此,设计合成具有响应灵敏、抗疲劳性能优异等优点的光致变色材料具有十分重要的意义。
铜离子是人体不可或缺的微量元素,其在生命体氧化还原,电子传递等过程中都扮演着十分重要的作用,但过高浓度的铜也会对人体产生危害,导致新陈代谢紊乱、损害肝脏、引起肝硬化等严重疾病。随着人们对环境和食品安全的日益重视,铜离子的分析检测越来越重要。目前,已有多种分析方法用于检测铜离子,包括原子吸收/发射光谱、电感耦合等离子体质谱、伏安法、荧光光谱法等,其中荧光传感技术由于其高灵敏度、优异的选择性、快速响应、无创性和易操作性而引起越来越多的关注。然而由于铜离子的顺磁性,其与有机分子结合后,常常导致荧光淬灭的响应,这很容易受到周围环境中其他因素的影响。因此设计合成具有光致变色性质的荧光探针,金属离子和探针结合后进行一次检测,金属络合物再经过紫外线照射发生二次变化进而进行二次检测,这种差异化的两次检测有望大大提高铜离子的检测准确度。因此,开发一种既具有光致变色特性并应用于光信息存储、光控复写纸、防伪材料以及紫外线检测等方面,又能与金属离子络合、经过紫外线照射发生可逆转变进而达到高选择性和超高灵敏度的金属离子识别特性的材料具有十分重要的意义。
发明内容
本发明的目的之一是提供一种检测铜离子的光致变色荧光探针,该探针在四氢呋喃溶液中可表现出对Cu2+和紫外线双刺激响应特性,对Cu2+识别作用可表现出高选择性和高灵敏度;另外,该探针晶体粉末具有光致变色性质,具有较快的响应速度和良好的抗疲劳性能。
本发明的目的之二是提供上述一种检测铜离子的光致变色荧光探针的制备方法,该制备工艺简单,合成路线短。
本发明的目的之三是提供上述一种检测铜离子的光致变色荧光探针的应用,拓宽探针的应用范围。
本发明的目的之四是提供一种石蜡负载上述荧光探针的复合材料,该复合材料在紫外线快速检测、光信息存储、防伪材料中的应用,拓宽探针的应用范围。
为实现上述目的,本发明采用的技术方案如下:一种检测铜离子的光致变色荧光探针,所述荧光探针命名为TPE-Rh-Sal,对应的化学结构式如式I所示:
上述的检测铜离子的光致变色荧光探针的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)将1-(4-甲酸苯基)-1,2,2-三苯乙烯溶于二氯甲烷中,再依次加入催化剂HoBt和EDCI,室温下搅拌2h后,加入罗丹明化合物B,1-(4-甲酸苯基)-1,2,2-三苯乙烯与罗丹明化合物B的摩尔比为1:1,室温下搅拌反应8-12h后得到反应液,将反应液进行萃取、合并有机相,将有机相减压蒸馏除去溶剂,通过硅胶柱色谱法纯化,得到TPE-Rh-NH2,对应的结构式如式Ⅱ所示:
所述罗丹明化合物B的结构式如式Ⅲ所示:
(2)将TPE-Rh-NH2溶于无水乙醇中,再加入水杨醛,TPE-Rh-NH2与水杨醛的摩尔比为1:1,在70-85℃下加热反应5-8h后有大量沉淀产生,停止加热,冷却至室温后,减压抽滤,收集固体得到粗产品,粗产品再经过纯化得到呈白色粉末的TPE-Rh-Sal。
进一步的,步骤(1)中,萃取过程为:向反应液中倒入去离子水,再用二氯甲烷萃取三次。
优选的,步骤(1)中,柱色谱法纯化采用的洗脱剂为体积比20:1的二氯甲烷/甲醇溶液。
进一步的,步骤(2)中,粗产品再经过乙醇重结晶纯化得到呈白色粉末的TPE-Rh-Sal。
具体的合成路线如下:
本发明还提供上述荧光探针在检测铜离子含量中的应用。
本发明还提供一种石蜡负载上述荧光探针的复合材料,该复合材料在紫外线快速检测、光信息存储、防伪材料中的应用。
探针TPE-Rh-Sal的Cu2+识别原理:探针TPE-Rh-Sal首先通过分子内的水杨醛缩胺结构中羟基的氧原子、亚胺的氮原子以及罗丹明C=O的氧原子与Cu2+配位,形成探针 TPE-Rh-Sal-Cu2+络合物(溶液有稍微的颜色变化);探针TPE-Rh-Sal-Cu2+络合物在紫外线刺激下,发生分子内质子转移现象(ESIPT)现象和罗丹明螺环的“开环反应”,引起罗丹明溶液颜色变化。在该过程中,羟基上的质子转移到亚胺的氮原子上,水杨醛席夫碱结构由烯醇式转变成酮式结构,从而引起溶液由无色变成粉红色。并且,该溶液在日光灯照射下可以在4h后恢复到原来的颜色,从酮式结构转变成烯醇式结构。
探针TPE-Rh-Sal的光致变色原理:探针TPE-Rh-Sal固体粉末在365nm紫外线照射下,固体粉末由白色变成粉红色。这是由于该探针在紫外线作用下,探针分子中的水杨醛缩胺结构发生分子内质子转移(ESIPT),由烯醇式转变为酮式结构;在日光灯照射下,由酮式转变为烯醇式结构。
与现有技术相比,本发明具有以下优点:
本发明以罗丹明酰肼结构为主体,通过哌嗪与四苯乙烯连接,分别与水杨醛进行生成 -C=N-结构的反应,设计合成一种四苯乙烯-罗丹明类水杨醛席夫碱探针化合物TPE-Rh-Sal,该探针具有聚集诱导发光(AIE)性质和压致荧光增强性质。另外,探针TPE-Rh-Sal与Cu2+作用后,溶液颜色并没有发生明显变化;当其在紫外灯照射下,溶液颜色有无色变成红色。因此,探针TPE-Rh-Sal在四氢呋喃溶液中表现出对Cu2+和紫外线双刺激响应特性。探针 TPE-Rh-Sal在四氢呋喃溶液中对Cu2+识别作用表现出高选择性和高灵敏度(最低检出限1.34 nM)。另外,探针TPE-Rh-Sal晶体粉末基于分子内质子转移(ESIPT)机理具有光致变色性质,并表现出较快的响应速度和良好的抗疲劳性能,为了扩展应用范围,采用石蜡负载探针TPE-Rh-Sal的复合材料也具有良好的响应速度以及抗疲劳性能,并且该复合材料在光信息存储、紫外线快速检测以及防伪材料方面表现出优异的性能。该荧光探针制备工艺简单、合成路线短。将该探针应用于检测铜离子中,从而拓宽了探针的应用范围。
附图说明
图1是化合物TPE-Rh-NH2的核磁氢谱图;
图2是化合物TPE-Rh-NH2的质谱图;
图3是探针分子TPE-Rh-Sal的核磁氢谱图;
图4是探针分子TPE-Rh-Sal的质谱图;
图5是TPE-Rh-Sal(2μM)在不同含水量的四氢呋喃-水溶液中的荧光发射谱图;
图6是TPE-Rh-Sal(2μM)在不同含水量的四氢呋喃-水溶液中荧光峰值随含水量的变化趋势图;
图7是固体探针TPE-Rh-Sal在365nm紫外灯照射下,研磨前后的荧光发射谱图;
图8是固体探针TPE-Rh-Sal研磨前后的XRD数据图;
图9是TPE-Rh-Sal(2μM)在四氢呋喃中对不同金属离子响应的紫外吸收光谱图;
图10是TPE-Rh-Sal(2μM)在四氢呋喃中对不同金属离子和加入Cu2+后的紫外吸收光谱图;
图11是TPE-Rh-Sal(2μM)在在四氢呋喃中的紫外吸收滴定光谱图;
图12是TPE-Rh-Sal(2μM)在四氢呋喃中的紫外吸收光谱强度与Cu2+浓度的线性关系图;
图13是TPE-Rh-Sal与Cu2+的Job’s plot曲线图;
图14是TPE-Rh-Sal(10μM)与10倍当量的Cu2+络合物在365nm紫外灯照射下的紫外吸收光谱变化图;
图15是TPE-Rh-Sal(10μM)与10倍当量的Cu2+络合物在365nm紫外灯照射下的紫外吸收强度随紫外线照射时间的变化曲线图;
图16是固体探针TPE-Rh-Sal在365nm紫外灯照射前后的紫外吸收光谱图;
图17是固体探针TPE-Rh-Sal在365nm紫外灯照射前后的红外光谱图;
图18是固体探针TPE-Rh-Sal在365nm紫外灯照射前后的红外光谱的差分光谱图;
图19是固体探针TPE-Rh-Sal在紫外照射和日光照射的可逆循环实验图;
图20是石蜡负载探针TPE-Rh-Sal在不同波长的紫外线作用下的光致变色性质的响应图;
图21是石蜡负载探针TPE-Rh-Sal复合材料在紫外线作用下的“书写”和“擦除”过程图;
图22是字母“A、I、E”在2%的石蜡负载探针TPE-Rh-Sal复合材料的书写和擦除过程图;
图23是石蜡负载探针TPE-Rh-Sal复合材料的“花朵”在紫外线和可见光下的可逆光致变色过程;
图24是不同的字母、图案在0.5%的石蜡负载探针TPE-Rh-Sal复合材料的书写过程。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和具体实施例对本发明作进一步说明。
以下实施例中所用的原料和试剂,如无特殊说明,均为市售商品,纯度为分析纯及以上。
以下实施例中使用到的罗丹明化合物B通过以下合成步骤合成:4-二乙氨基酮酸与间羟基苯基哌嗪在强酸作用下发生环化反应获得含有哌嗪的罗丹明化合物A,再与水合肼反应,获得罗丹明化合物B。
具体步骤如下:
(1)罗丹明化合物A的合成
4-二乙胺基酮酸(10mmol,3g)和间羟基苯基哌嗪(10mmol,1.77g)溶于3mL浓硫酸中,90℃加热3h,冷却到室温,在冰水浴条件下,加入4mL高氯酸,不停搅拌得到粗产品,产率80%;
(2)罗丹明化合物B的合成
将罗丹明化合物A(2.5g,5mmol)溶于20mL乙醇中,滴加80%水合肼5mL,加热回流反应3h,用TCL板检测反应,反应完全后,减压蒸馏,旋干溶剂后得粗产品,并用硅胶柱进行分离提纯,洗脱剂配比为二氯甲烷/甲醇=20:1,产率85%。1H NMR(400MHz, (CD3)2SO)δ7.77(dd,J=5.6,2.8Hz,1H),7.53–7.42(m,2H),6.97(dd,J=5.6,2.6Hz,1H), 6.68(d,J=2.3Hz,1H),6.62(dd,J=8.8,2.4Hz,1H),6.41–6.36(m,4H),4.31(s,2H),3.32(q, J=6.9Hz,4H),3.15–3.11(m,4H),2.94–2.79(m,4H),1.08(t,J=6.9Hz,6H).13C NMR (75MHz,(CD3)2SO)δ165.35,152.88,152.63,151.88,151.65,148.18,132.42,129.50,128.21,127.66,127.37,123.43,122.20,111.30,109.32,107.98,105.27,101.56,97.37,64.63,48.28, 47.95,44.91,43.65,12.40.HRMS:m/z calculated for C28H31N5O2:470.2556,found: 470.2550[M+H].
实施例1:探针化合物TPE-Rh-Sal的合成
(1)TPE-Rh-NH2的合成
称量1-(4-甲酸苯基)-1,2,2-三苯乙烯0.1882g(0.5mmol)溶于20mL二氯甲烷中,称量HoBt 0.068g(0.5mmol)、EDCI 0.096g(0.5mmol)加入到反应液中,室温下反应2 h;称量罗丹明化合物B 0.23g(0.5mmol)加入到反应液中,室温反应8-12h。反应完毕后,倒入20mL去离子水中,用二氯甲烷萃取三次,合并有机相,减压蒸出溶剂,得到粗产品,用体积比为20:1的二氯甲烷:甲醇溶液过硅胶柱提纯,得到0.25g纯品TPE-Rh-NH2,产率:60%,熔点:199-202℃。氢谱如图1所示,质谱如图2所示,1H NMR(600MHz, DMSO-d6)δ7.78(ddt,J=6.7,4.5,2.2Hz,1H),7.50–7.46(m,2H),7.23–7.19(m,2H),7.18– 7.11(m,9H),7.05–6.97(m,9H),6.73(d,J=2.5Hz,1H),6.65(dd,J=8.9,2.5Hz,1H),6.36 (dd,J=6.0,1.7Hz,3H),4.34(s,2H),3.34(s,12H),1.09(t,J=7.0Hz,6H)。MALDI-MS:m/z calcd forC55H49N5O3828.0093,found:828.3380[M]+。
(2)化合物TPE-Rh-Sal的合成
称量TPE-Rh-NH20.17 g(0.2mmol)溶于5mL无水乙醇中;再称量水杨醛0.024g(0.2mmol)加入到反应液中在70-85℃下加热反应5-8h后有大量沉淀产生,停止加热,冷却至室温,减压抽滤,收集固体得到粗产品,粗产品再经过乙醇重结晶得到纯品TPE-Rh-Sal,白色粉末。产率:75%,熔点:309-311℃。氢谱如图3所示,质谱如图4所示,1HNMR(600 MHz,Chloroform-d)δ10.67(s,1H),9.39(s,1H),8.10–7.96(m,1H),7.65–7.47(m,2H),7.23 –7.02(m,22H),6.87(dd,J=8.3,1.0Hz,1H),6.82(td,J=7.4,1.1Hz,1H),6.76(d,J=2.5Hz, 1H),6.62(d,J=8.8Hz,1H),6.57–6.47(m,3H),6.31(dd,J=9.0,2.6Hz,1H),3.92–3.18(m, 12H),1.18(t,J=7.0Hz,6H).13C NMR(151MHz,Chloroform-d)δ170.40,158.58,153.90, 153.36,151.81,149.19,143.33,143.29,143.11,140.00,133.57,133.03,131.53,131.42, 131.32,131.30,131.23,130.13,128.83,128.20,128.14,127.79,127.76,127.70,126.75, 126.68,126.67,124.12,123.46,119.03,118.49,116.97,112.07,110.42,108.43,102.93, 97.90,66.29,44.37,12.59.MALDI-MS:m/z calcd forC62H53N5O4932.1153,found 932.2770 [M]+。
实施例2:探针TPE-Rh-Sal的AIE性质
如图5和图6所示,TPE-Rh-Sal(2μM)的AIE性质是在四氢呋喃-水溶液中,365nm 激发波长下,测试溶液的荧光发射变化。探针TPE-Rh-Sal在溶液含水量为0~60%时处于溶解状态,没有明显荧光发射,当溶液含水量达到70%时,TPE-Rh-Sal出现聚集状态(平均粒径:458.7nm),四苯乙烯独特的AIE特性表现出来,在波长485nm处出现明显的荧光发射峰,其为典型的四苯乙烯荧光发射峰,发出黄绿色荧光;随着含水量的增加,荧光强度增强,当溶液含水量达到90%时,平均粒径达到190.1nm,荧光强度达到了最大值。虽然平均粒径变小,但是粒径分布范围变宽,这可能是由于水杨醛羟基的存在,在含水量高的溶剂中更容易形成氢键,导致其溶解性增加,聚集颗粒减小,荧光强度增强。
实施例3:探针TPE-Rh-Sal的压致荧光增强性质
如图7所示,探针TPE-Rh-Sal在365nm紫外激发下,固体没有出现荧光发射峰;当研磨后,探针TPE-Rh-Sal发出强烈黄绿色荧光,其与探针TPE-Rh-Sal在聚集状态时荧光性质一致。如图8所示,探针TPE-Rh-Sal原始状态下的XRD数据图有尖锐的晶体衍射峰出现;研磨后,其XRD原有的尖锐晶体衍射峰变小,形成无定形态的粉末;这是由于探针 TPE-Rh-Sal原状态下处于晶体状态下,分子之间堆积规则、紧密,引起荧光减弱或淬灭现象;研磨之后,探针TPE-Rh-Sal的晶体形态遭到破坏,形成无定形态,并且分子之间发生错位滑动等作用使得分子变得松散,引起荧光增强效应。由此说明,该AIE荧光材料表现出压致荧光增强现象。
实施例4:探针TPE-Rh-Sal的Cu2+识别的选择性与抗离子干扰能力
TPE-Rh-Sal溶液的制备:取实施例1制备的TPE-Rh-Sal制备2.0×10-3mol L-1溶液,用色谱级四氢呋喃作为溶剂,称量计算量的探针样品加入到3mL容量瓶中,用四氢呋喃定容,摇晃、超声,直至样品完全溶解,密封保存,以备使用。
Cu2+以及干扰离子溶液的配制:用Na+、K+、Mg2+、Ni2+、Mn2+、Cd2+、Co2+、Zn2+、 Ag+、Cr3 +、Fe3+、Al3+和Cu2+溶解于去离子水中,配制金属离子溶液。金属离子溶液浓度为 1.0×10- 2mol L-1,称量计算量的金属离子盐放入5mL容量瓶中,用去离子水定容到容量品刻度线,摇晃、超声,使金属离子盐完全溶解,密封保存,以备使用。
如图9所示,向浓度为2μM的探针TPE-Rh-Sal溶液中加入2倍当量的Cu2+以及干扰离子,用365nm紫外灯照射5min,测试紫外吸收光谱。探针TPE-Rh-Sal在常见的干扰离子中,只有对Cu2+有响应,溶液颜色由无色变成粉红色,表现出较高的选择性。同时在其他干扰离子存在的情况下,探针TPE-Rh-Sal表现出良好的抗干扰能力(如图10所示)。实验结果表明:探针TPE-Rh-Sal对于Cu2+识别具有很高的选择性和抗离子干扰能力。
实施例5:探针TPE-Rh-Sal的Cu2+紫外吸收光谱滴定
探针TPE-Rh-Sal的离子滴定实验:向浓度为2μM的探针TPE-Rh-Sal溶液中分别加入不同当量的Cu2+,在365nm紫外灯照射5min,测试其紫外吸收光谱与Cu2+浓度的关系。如图11所示,探针TPE-Rh-Sal的紫外吸收强度随着Cu2+浓度的增加而增强;Cu2+达到1.5 倍当量,紫外吸收强度增加放缓,Cu2+浓度达到饱和状态。探针TPE-Rh-Sal的紫外吸收强度在0.25μM到1.25μM之间,与Cu2+浓度具有较好的线性关系(如图12所示)。通过线性拟合可以得到探针TPE-Rh-Sal紫外吸收强度与Cu2+浓度的关系为:y=0.2352x+0.0822, R2=0.974。由最低检出限公式LOD=3σ/k,可计算出探针TPE-Rh-Sal的最低检出限为:1.34 nM。
为了确定探针TPE-Rh-Sal与Cu2+配位比例,通过固定探针TPE-Rh-Sal与Cu2+的总浓度不变(10μM),配制探针TPE-Rh-Sal/Cu2+分别为0.1、0.2、0.3、0.4、0.5、0.6、0.7、 0.8和0.9比例下的紫外吸收强度变化。由吸收强度与两者比例可以得到Job’s曲线(如图 13所示),探针TPE-Rh-Sal的紫外吸收强度先随着其比值的增大而增大,配比为0.5时,紫外吸收强度达到最大值,随后,其强度随着比值增大而减小。通过Job’s曲线可得,探针 TPE-Rh-Sal与Cu2+的配位比为1:1。
实施例6:探针TPE-Rh-Sal-Cu2+络合物的紫外刺激可逆响应
探针TPE-Rh-Sal与Cu2+络合后形成淡黄色溶液;其在365nm紫外灯照射下很快变成粉红色溶液,紫外吸收光谱在547nm出现明显的紫外吸收峰;当其在日光灯照射下,经过 4h可以恢复到原来状态。探针TPE-Rh-Sal与Cu2+络合物溶液表现出对紫外线刺激的可逆响应过程。首先,向10μM探针TPE-Rh-Sal溶液中加入10倍当量Cu2+形成探针 TPE-Rh-Sal-Cu2+络合物,每次在6w紫外灯照射30s后快速进行紫外吸收光谱测试(如图 14所示)。探针TPE-Rh-Sal-Cu2+络合物的紫外吸收强度随着紫外照射时间的增加而增大,当时间到达25min,其紫外吸收强度不再增加。由于探针TPE-Rh-Sal-Cu2+络合物的紫外吸收强度与紫外照射时间表现出良好的线性关系(如图15所示);探针TPE-Rh-Sal-Cu2+络合物溶液具有紫外强度检测的潜在应用。
实施例7:探针TPE-Rh-Sal的光致变色性质
探针TPE-Rh-Sal含有水杨醛缩胺结构,在紫外光照射下存在分子内质子转移现象(ESIPT),从而引起探针分子由烯醇式转化为酮式结构,表现出光致变色性质。由图16 可知,探针TPE-Rh-Sal为白色粉末固体,经过365nm紫外光照射10min后,固体颜色呈现出粉红色;探针TPE-Rh-Sal在紫外灯照射前后,紫外吸收光谱在425nm到600nm之间出现明显的吸收峰,最大吸收波长为519.6nm,最大紫外吸收强度达到0.351(紫外吸收强度增加近9倍)。如图17和18所示,探针TPE-Rh-Sal固体粉末紫外照射前后红外差分光谱图发现两处明显区别:3326cm-1应该归属于水杨醛缩胺的N-H键的伸缩振动峰,表明探针TPE-Rh-Sal分子内的OH…N的羟基键发生断裂,羟基上的质子转移至N=C键的氮原子; 1637cm-1出现羰基伸缩振动特征峰,表明水杨醛缩胺结构中的羟基发生质子转移后,形成酮式结构。由此证明该探针的光致变色性质。
实施例8:探针TPE-Rh-Sal的抗疲劳性能
基于ESIPT机理的光致变色材料具有高的灵敏性和抗疲劳性能。探针TPE-Rh-Sal晶态粉末对于紫外线响应较快,并且在日光灯下,迅速恢复。如图19所示,探针TPE-Rh-Sal经过10次循环后,紫外吸收强度几乎没有衰减,由此表明探针TPE-Rh-Sal具有良好的抗疲劳性能。
实施例9:探针TPE-Rh-Sal的光致变色性质的应用
由实施例8知,探针TPE-Rh-Sal对紫外线具有良好的响应速度和抗疲劳性能。然而,由于探针的光致变色性质会受其堆积状态的影响而改变,且固体粉末作为应用材料,使用量较大,无法满足工业化需求,因此采用适合的基质载体成为一种有效的方法。石蜡基质融化温度低,作为负载材料不能改变探针的晶体形态,凝固后也易于塑形。因此,石蜡基质可作为探针TPE-Rh-Sal的理想载体。石蜡负载探针复合材料的制备如下:称量10g固体石蜡放入烧杯中,加热融化,加入0.2g探针TPE-Rh-Sal搅拌均匀,倒入模具中,冷却固化后取出待用,制备成质量分数为2%的石蜡负载探针TPE-Rh-Sal复合材料。
通过调节荧光光度计(狭缝:5nm/5nm)激发波长获得不同波长的紫外线,研究石蜡负载探针TPE-Rh-Sal在不同波长紫外线下的响应实验。石蜡负载探针复合材料分别在不同波长紫外线下照射30s后,快速拍照(如图20所示)。由图可知,石蜡负载探针材料在 300nm紫外线照射下,几乎没有响应,在310nm到380nm紫外线作用下,复合材料颜色随着紫外波长的增加而逐渐增强,在380nm处达到最大值。在390nm后,颜色逐渐减弱,到410nm几乎没有响应。该结果表明:石蜡负载探针TPE-Rh-Sal复合材料在310nm到400 nm紫外线作用下,均有紫外线刺激响应特性。基于上述研究得知:探针TPE-Rh-Sal可用于紫外线检测,在紫外波长为360nm到390nm响应最明显,可对310nm到400nm的紫外线都具有响应信号。该探针的石蜡基质复合材料具有携带方便、响应时间快、恢复迅速,可以快速的检测环境中紫外线。
石蜡负载探针TPE-Rh-Sal复合材料作为光信息记录材料和重复擦写纸张,通过紫外线书写信息并且通过可见光快速擦除。如图21所示,365nm紫外灯作为“笔”,可以直接书写字体;也可以利用不透光的掩盖板,选择性透过图形的紫外线对石蜡复合材料进行“雕刻”,掩盖板上的图案会被记录下来。在日光灯照射下,图案快速消失,日光灯作为擦除器。说明石蜡负载探针TPE-Rh-Sal复合材料对紫外线具有可逆的光致变色现象,表现出优异的抗疲劳性能以及光稳定性。
如图22所示,2%的石蜡负载探针TPE-Rh-Sal复合材料,以字母“A、I、E”模型为掩盖板,用365nm紫外灯照射掩盖板的字母部分,紫外线通过镂空部分照射到石蜡基质复合材料上,A、I、E三个字母就被记录下来。在日光灯下,经过20s、60s和120s照射后,石蜡基质复合材料上的红色字母慢慢消失。用日光手电直接照射石蜡基质复合材料,字母会在几秒钟内快速褪去。实验结果显示探针TPE-Rh-Sal对紫外线具有较快的响应速度以及易于擦除的属性。
石蜡负载探针TPE-Rh-Sal复合材料也可以在模具中塑造出不同形状,不同含量的探针 TPE-Rh-Sal在紫外线作用下,表现出不同的颜色变化。如图23所示,通过模具石蜡负载探针TPE-Rh-Sal复合材料塑造成各式各样的花朵,在紫外线照射下,鲜花由白色变成了红色,在日光灯下,又逐渐变成白色,表现出“花开花败”的景象。在图23第三行花,只有花蕊含有探针TPE-Rh-Sal,花瓣为纯石蜡,在紫外线照射下,花朵只有花蕊变成了红色,并且在日光灯作用下,慢慢消失。基于这种光致变色性质,探针TPE-Rh-Sal可以用于防伪涂料,并且可以重复使用。
为了研究探针TPE-Rh-Sal在石蜡基质中低含量下对紫外线响应情况,进一步配制质量分数为0.5%探针TPE-Rh-Sal石蜡基质复合材料。如图24所示,365nm紫外灯照射后,石蜡基质复合材料上出现粉红色图案,由于探针TPE-Rh-Sal含量降低,颜色变化较浅。然而,低含量0.5%石蜡基质复合材料也具有高品质的记录光信息、循环使用等性质。实验表明探针TPE-Rh-Sal在0.5%石蜡基质复合材料中也表现出对紫外线的快速响应,并且保持着良好的抗疲劳性能,表明探针TPE-Rh-Sal具有工业化应用前景。
Claims (6)
2.一种权利要求1所述的检测铜离子的光致变色荧光探针的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
(1)将1-(4-甲酸苯基)-1,2,2-三苯乙烯溶于二氯甲烷中,再依次加入催化剂HoBt和EDCI,室温下搅拌2h后,加入罗丹明化合物B,1-(4-甲酸苯基)-1,2,2-三苯乙烯与罗丹明化合物B的摩尔比为1:1,室温下搅拌反应8-12h后得到反应液,将反应液进行萃取、合并有机相,将有机相减压蒸馏除去溶剂,通过硅胶柱色谱法纯化,得到TPE-Rh-NH2,对应的结构式如式Ⅱ所示:
所述罗丹明化合物B的结构式如式Ⅲ所示:
(2)将TPE-Rh-NH2溶于无水乙醇中,再加入水杨醛,TPE-Rh-NH2与水杨醛的摩尔比为1:1,在70-85℃下加热反应5-8h后有大量沉淀产生,停止加热,冷却至室温后,减压抽滤,收集固体得到粗产品,粗产品再经过纯化得到呈白色粉末的TPE-Rh-Sal。
3.根据权利要求2所述的检测铜离子的光致变色荧光探针的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)中,萃取过程为:向反应液中倒入去离子水,再用二氯甲烷萃取三次。
4.根据权利要求2或3所述的检测铜离子的光致变色荧光探针的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)中,柱色谱法纯化采用的洗脱剂为体积比20:1的二氯甲烷/甲醇溶液。
5.根据权利要求2或3所述的检测铜离子的光致变色荧光探针的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(2)中,粗产品再经过乙醇重结晶纯化得到呈白色粉末的TPE-Rh-Sal。
6.权利要求1所述的荧光探针在检测铜离子含量中的应用。
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