CN113601867A - 一种全波段雷达伪装网的加工工艺 - Google Patents

一种全波段雷达伪装网的加工工艺 Download PDF

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CN113601867A
CN113601867A CN202110811875.XA CN202110811875A CN113601867A CN 113601867 A CN113601867 A CN 113601867A CN 202110811875 A CN202110811875 A CN 202110811875A CN 113601867 A CN113601867 A CN 113601867A
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武文
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Anhui Caina Jiashan Technology Co ltd
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种全波段雷达伪装网的加工工艺，属于伪装网技术领域。先制作泡棉基层，对泡棉基层的单面或双面压制小型花纹，配置具有超导电屏蔽功能的水性聚氨酯涂料；对压制花纹后的泡棉基层的双面涂覆所述涂料，在单面或双面的涂料表层上压制大型花纹，制作牛津布，在牛津布的双面涂覆阻燃层涂料，在牛津布底面的阻燃层外部再涂覆一层防红外涂层，在牛津布上面的阻燃层外部涂覆一层防雷达涂层，最后在牛津布的防雷达涂层上压制大型花纹；本发明伪装网通过压制小型花纹的泡棉基层和牛津布上、下双层复合，相对传统的伪装网具有工艺简单、轻量化，以及实现对全波段雷达的防护和屏蔽。

Description

一种全波段雷达伪装网的加工工艺
技术领域
本发明属于伪装网技术领域，具体涉及一种全波段雷达伪装网的加工工艺。
背景技术
伪装网是一种重要的伪装遮障器材，在战场上是兵器装备、军事设施等军事目标的“保护伞”。
伪装网主要由底网和网面组成，网面一般采用复合牛津布的面料，然后在面料上涂覆各种防护层以及压制大型的不同花纹。现有伪装网的底网制作工艺复杂，而且伪装网整体偏重，不方便携带。
现有伪装网主要工作原理通过材料对各种频段电子波的反射和吸收，从而达到屏蔽效果。一般是在网面上涂覆各种防护层以及压制大型的不同花纹，而网面上的大型花纹主要起到防低频波的作用，而对于毫米波雷达的防护主要是通过涂覆毫米波雷达吸收涂层，但实际使用中，想仅通过防护涂层的吸收功能还是很难实现对毫米波雷达的完全屏蔽。
现有的伪装网在防护电子波的频率上一般主要在-15dB以内，符合军工的基本要求。但对于军事上要求标准的逐步提高，其防护电子波的性能上同样有待于改进和提高。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是：提供一种全波段雷达伪装网的加工工艺，其伪装网通过压制小型花纹的泡棉基层和牛津布上、下双层复合，相对传统的伪装网具有工艺简单、轻量化，以及实现对全波段雷达的防护和屏蔽。
本发明所采取的技术方案是：
一种全波段雷达伪装网的加工工艺，包括如下步骤：
步骤一.制作伪装网的泡棉基层：将加工泡棉材料的各成分加入搅拌机中混合、搅拌均匀，送入挤片机中挤压成片，在常温下进行辐照处理，然后在250～280℃下进行高温发泡处理；
步骤二.对泡棉基层的单面或双面压制小型花纹，所述小型花纹的花纹大小为0.5～3mm，花纹间隙为0.1～3mm，花纹凸起高度为0.1～2mm；
步骤三.配置具有超导电屏蔽功能的水性聚氨酯涂料；
步骤四.对步骤二中压制花纹后的泡棉基层的双面涂覆上述涂料，形成表面涂层；
步骤五.制作牛津布：在牛津布的双面涂覆阻燃层涂料，在牛津布底面的阻燃层外部再涂覆一层防红外涂层，在牛津布上面的阻燃层外部涂覆一层防雷达涂层，最后在牛津布的防雷达涂层上压制大型花纹，所述大型花纹的花纹大小为3.5～10mm的花纹，花纹间隙为1～10mm，花纹凸起高度为0.3～3mm；
步骤六.将制作好的两块牛津布通过其防红外涂层粘接在泡棉基层的双面；
步骤七.对伪装网单元四周进行包边，包边上配置带自锁的钢制喷塑钩，在伪装网单元的表面纵向和横向上配置加强绳，根据需要选取若干伪装网单元通过喷塑钩连接组装成伪装网。
进一步的，所述步骤一制成的泡棉基层可采用单层泡棉或采用多层通过热复合或胶粘进行任意叠加使用，其泡棉基层的厚度为1～10mm，泡棉单层厚度为0.5～1mm。
进一步的，所述泡棉材料由以下成分混合而成：
60～80质量份的聚乙烯或聚丙烯或聚烯烃、1～10质量份的改性碳纳米管、1～5质量份的改性石墨烯、1～5质量份的稀土、1～10质量份的阻燃剂、1～10质量份的发泡剂、2～20质量份的敏化剂和2～5质量份的抗氧化剂。
进一步的，所述步骤三中的涂料由以下成分混合而成：
60～80质量份的水性聚氨酯、1～10质量份的改性碳纳米管、1～10质量份的改性石墨烯、1～5质量份的稀土、1～10质量份的阻燃剂、1～6质量份的耐黄变剂、1～5质量份的色膏。
进一步的，所述聚乙烯或聚丙烯或聚烯烃混合前需磨成粉，颗粒在7000～8000目。
进一步的，所述发泡剂采用亚硝基、二磺酰肼笨、碳黑中的一种或几种，所述敏化剂采用二烷氧基苯乙酮或氯化苯乙酮衍生物，所述抗氧化剂采用二丁基羟基甲苯或丁基羟基茴香醚。
进一步的，所述改性碳纳米管和改性石墨烯在混合前先加入偶联剂、抗静电剂进行分散改性。
进一步的，所述阻燃剂采用三聚氰胺类阻燃剂或Mg(OH)2或Al(OH)3。
进一步的，所述耐黄变剂可采用E-SUV耐黄剂。
进一步的，所述伪装网单元大小为10mX5m。
本发明的有益效果是：本发明采用特殊配方制作的泡棉基层，在其表面压制小型花纹，再配合表面涂覆的超导电屏蔽功能的水性聚氨酯涂料，可以有效实现对-15dB以外的高频段电子波的防护，防护波段一般可达到-30dB，而且泡棉基层可采用单层泡棉或多层泡棉任意叠加复合，厚度易控制；本发明采用中间的泡棉基层加上两层牛津布复合，牛津布上设置防红外、雷达涂层以及压制大花纹可以有效解决对低频段电子波的防护，从而使得本发明伪装网实现对全波段雷达的全面防护和屏蔽，本发明采用在泡棉基层上直接涂覆水性聚氨酯涂料表层，相对现有伪装网制作工艺更简单，且实现了伪装网轻量化，人工携带方便。
附图说明
图1为本发明伪装网截面示意图；
图2为本发明泡棉基层截面示意图；
图3为本发明牛津布层截面示意图；
图4为不使用含小型花纹泡棉基层的现有伪装网防电子波测试曲线图；
图5为本发明伪装网防电子波测试曲线图。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明的具体实施方式进行详细说明。
实施例1
一种全波段雷达伪装网的加工工艺：
首先制作伪装网泡棉基层1，取70质量份的聚烯烃、6质量份的改性碳纳米管、3质量份的改性石墨烯、3质量份的稀土、6质量份的三聚氰胺类阻燃剂、8质量份的亚硝基发泡剂、10质量份的二烷氧基苯乙酮敏化剂和3质量份的二丁基羟基甲苯抗氧化剂。
将上述成分加入搅拌机中混合、搅拌均匀，混合前聚烯烃需磨成粉，颗粒在7500目，所述改性碳纳米管和改性石墨烯在混合前先加入0.5%的钛酸酯偶联剂、0.2%阳离子型的季胺盐类抗静电剂进行分散改性。
再将混合料送入挤片机中挤压成片状，在常温下对上述片材进行辐照处理，然后在260℃下进行高温发泡处理。
最后对片材的双面压制小型花纹11，小型花纹可采用米粒纹，所述花纹大小为2mm，花纹间隙为0.5mm，花纹凸起高度为0.5mm，小型花纹实现了对雷达波的散射增强。
配置具有超导电屏蔽功能的水性聚氨酯涂料：
取60质量份的水性聚氨酯、8质量份的改性碳纳米管、8质量份的改性石墨烯、4质量份的稀土、6质量份的三聚氰胺类阻燃剂、5质量份的E-SUV耐黄变剂、4质量份的色膏，将上述各成分混合均匀。
所述改性碳纳米管和改性石墨烯在混合前先加入0.5%的钛酸酯偶联剂、0.3%阳离子型的季胺盐类抗静电剂进行分散改性。
其色膏根据使用场景的背景色选择相应的色彩。
将配置好的涂料双面涂覆在上述压制花纹后的泡棉基层1上，形成表面涂层12。
制作牛津布2：在牛津布2的双面涂覆阻燃层21涂料，在牛津布底面的阻燃层21外部再涂覆一层防红外涂层22，在牛津布上面的阻燃层21外部涂覆一层防雷达涂层23，最后在牛津布的防雷达涂层23上压制大型花纹24，所述大型花纹的花纹大小为5mm的花纹，花纹间隙为2mm，花纹凸起高度为1mm。
如图1所示，将制作好的两块牛津布2通过其防红外涂层分别粘接在泡棉基层1的双面。
最后对伪装网单元四周进行包边，包边材料可采用泡棉材料，包边上配置带自锁的钢制喷塑钩，在伪装网单元的表面纵向和横向上配置加强绳，根据需要选取若干伪装网单元通过喷塑钩连接组装成伪装网，所述伪装网单元大小为10mX5m。
本发明制成后的泡棉片材单层厚度为0.5～1mm，所述泡棉可采用单层直接用于伪装网中，或采用多层通过热复合或胶粘进行任意叠加使用，其叠加后的泡棉厚度为1～10mm，其用于伪装网上的泡棉厚度易控制。
如图5所示，本发明在泡棉基层表面压制小型花纹，再配合表面涂覆的超导电屏蔽功能的水性聚氨酯涂料，可以有效实现对-15dB以外的高频段电子波的防护，防护波段一般可达到-30dB，甚至超过-30dB以下，从而实现对毫米波雷达的真正意义上的防护。
本发明采用中间的泡棉基层加上两层牛津布复合，牛津布层可以有效解决对低频段电子波的防护，从而使得本发明伪装网实现对电子波的全面防护和屏蔽。
传统的伪装网整体重量每平方超过500g，比较笨重。而本发明伪装网采用单层泡棉基层上直接涂覆表层，重量在每平方大约50～120g，使得整体伪装网的重量控制在每平方500g以内，从而实现了伪装网整体轻量化，方便携带。
本发明采用在伪装网泡棉基层上直接涂覆涂料表层，采用专用发泡屏蔽材料防雷达波，使得伪装网加工工艺也同样实现了简化。
本发明伪装网的泡棉材料、水性聚氨酯涂料以及牛津布都具有很好的耐磨、阻燃、超导电、高强度、抗拉伸、不易霉烂、抗风化、抗日晒、质量轻、使用寿命长等诸多优点，提升了伪装网的整体使用寿命和品质。
本发明采用雷达波散射增强技术，运用复合散射材料，使雷达隐身波段扩展，大大提高了雷达隐身性能，达到了毫米波雷达屏蔽效果，并大大减轻了传统伪装网的重量。本发明伪装网具有可见光、近红外、近紫外、热红外、雷达等的隐身防护功能，其产品形状可定制，且具有阻燃、防水、防霉、耐用等功能特点，可用于-40～+70℃的环境下，其贮存周期可达10年。
本发明伪装网可采用多种颜色，如林地色、荒漠色、雪地色等，可以与各地背景颜色匹配、同谱同色，具有可见光隐身功能。在近红外隐身功能上，伪装网近红外光谱反射率不小于0.5。在近紫外隐身功能上，伪装网近紫外光谱反射率不小于0.7。在热红外隐身功能上，本发明使目标与背景的辐射特征接近、各颜色之间发射率梯次分布。
本发明伪装网离火自熄，具有非常好的阻燃性能。
本发明采用碳纳米管、稀土等散射特性与专用涂料相结合来实现雷达隐身，具有优良的雷达隐身性能，对毫米波雷达RCS衰减值不小于-15dB。
本发明以特殊复合基材，采用涂层、压花、复合成网。利用石墨烯、碳纳米够有效消除军用目标的光学、红外、雷达特征，适用于军事伪装和国防专用领域。
以上显示和描述了本发明的基本原理、主要特征和本发明的优点。本发明不受上述实施例的限制，上述实施例和说明书中描述的只是说明本发明的原理，在不脱离本发明精神和范围的前提下本发明还会有各种变化和改进，这些变化和改进都落入要求保护的本发明的范围内。本发明要求保护范围由所附的权利要求书及其等同物界定。

Claims (10)

1.一种全波段雷达伪装网的加工工艺，其特征在于包括如下步骤：
步骤一.制作伪装网的泡棉基层：将加工泡棉材料的各成分加入搅拌机中混合、搅拌均匀，送入挤片机中挤压成片，在常温下进行辐照处理，然后在250～280℃下进行高温发泡处理；
步骤二.对泡棉基层的单面或双面压制小型花纹，所述小型花纹的花纹大小为0.5～3mm，花纹间隙为0.1～3mm，花纹凸起高度为0.1～2mm；
步骤三.配置具有超导电屏蔽功能的水性聚氨酯涂料；
步骤四.对步骤二中压制花纹后的泡棉基层的双面涂覆上述涂料，形成表面涂层；
步骤五.制作牛津布：在牛津布的双面涂覆阻燃层涂料，在牛津布底面的阻燃层外部再涂覆一层防红外涂层，在牛津布上面的阻燃层外部涂覆一层防雷达涂层，最后在牛津布的防雷达涂层上压制大型花纹，所述大型花纹的花纹大小为3.5～10mm的花纹，花纹间隙为1～10mm，花纹凸起高度为0.3～3mm；
步骤六.将制作好的两块牛津布通过其防红外涂层粘接在泡棉基层的双面；
步骤七.对伪装网单元四周进行包边，包边上配置带自锁的钢制喷塑钩，在伪装网单元的表面纵向和横向上配置加强绳，根据需要选取若干伪装网单元通过喷塑钩连接组装成伪装网。
2.如权利要求1所述的一种全波段雷达伪装网的加工工艺，其特征在于：所述步骤一制成的泡棉基层可采用单层泡棉或采用多层通过热复合或胶粘进行任意叠加使用，其泡棉基层的厚度为1～10mm，泡棉单层厚度为0.5～1mm。
3.如权利要求1所述的一种全波段雷达伪装网的加工工艺，其特征在于：所述泡棉材料由以下成分混合而成：
60～80质量份的聚乙烯或聚丙烯或聚烯烃、1～10质量份的改性碳纳米管、1～5质量份的改性石墨烯、1～5质量份的稀土、1～10质量份的阻燃剂、1～10质量份的发泡剂、2～20质量份的敏化剂和2～5质量份的抗氧化剂。
4.如权利要求1所述的一种全波段雷达伪装网的加工工艺，其特征在于：所述步骤三中的涂料由以下成分混合而成：
60～80质量份的水性聚氨酯、1～10质量份的改性碳纳米管、1～10质量份的改性石墨烯、1～5质量份的稀土、1～10质量份的阻燃剂、1～6质量份的耐黄变剂、1～5质量份的色膏。
5.如权利要求3所述的一种全波段雷达伪装网的加工工艺，其特征在于：所述聚乙烯或聚丙烯或聚烯烃混合前需磨成粉，颗粒在7000～8000目。
6.如权利要求3所述的一种全波段雷达伪装网的加工工艺，其特征在于：所述发泡剂采用亚硝基、二磺酰肼笨、碳黑中的一种或几种，所述敏化剂采用二烷氧基苯乙酮或氯化苯乙酮衍生物，所述抗氧化剂采用二丁基羟基甲苯或丁基羟基茴香醚。
7.如权利要求3或4所述的一种全波段雷达伪装网的加工工艺，其特征在于：所述改性碳纳米管和改性石墨烯在混合前先加入偶联剂、抗静电剂进行分散改性。
8.如权利要求3或4所述的一种全波段雷达伪装网的加工工艺，其特征在于：所述阻燃剂采用三聚氰胺类阻燃剂或Mg(OH)2或Al(OH)3。
9.如权利要求4所述的一种全波段雷达伪装网的加工工艺，其特征在于：所述耐黄变剂可采用E-SUV耐黄剂。
10.如权利要求1所述的一种全波段雷达伪装网的加工工艺，其特征在于：所述伪装网单元大小为10mX5m。
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