CN113598323A - 一种食品抑制剂及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents
一种食品抑制剂及其制备方法和应用 Download PDFInfo
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- CN113598323A CN113598323A CN202110911760.8A CN202110911760A CN113598323A CN 113598323 A CN113598323 A CN 113598323A CN 202110911760 A CN202110911760 A CN 202110911760A CN 113598323 A CN113598323 A CN 113598323A
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23B—PRESERVING, e.g. BY CANNING, MEAT, FISH, EGGS, FRUIT, VEGETABLES, EDIBLE SEEDS; CHEMICAL RIPENING OF FRUIT OR VEGETABLES; THE PRESERVED, RIPENED, OR CANNED PRODUCTS
- A23B4/00—General methods for preserving meat, sausages, fish or fish products
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L13/00—Meat products; Meat meal; Preparation or treatment thereof
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- A23L13/42—Additives other than enzymes or microorganisms in meat products or meat meals
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
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- A23L13/00—Meat products; Meat meal; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L13/40—Meat products; Meat meal; Preparation or treatment thereof containing additives
- A23L13/42—Additives other than enzymes or microorganisms in meat products or meat meals
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
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- A23L13/00—Meat products; Meat meal; Preparation or treatment thereof
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L5/00—Preparation or treatment of foods or foodstuffs, in general; Food or foodstuffs obtained thereby; Materials therefor
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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Abstract
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及食品添加剂技术领域,具体涉及一种食品抑制剂及其制备方法和应用。
背景技术
热加工肉制品富含高质量的营养物质,是人类饮食摄入蛋白质不可或缺的来源,但蛋白质高温热解会产生致癌性、致突变性的化学危害物—杂环胺,杂环胺的致突变性为黄曲霉毒素的6~10倍。杂环胺按其化学结构分为极性杂环胺(氨基咪唑氮杂芳烃)和非极性杂环胺(如氨基咔啉类)。9H-吡啶并[3,4-b]吲哚(Norharman)是重要的β-咔啉类非极性杂环胺,在经过热加工的肉制品中大量存在,Norharman会增强其它杂环胺的毒性,能够毒害部分神经,抑制关键酶;当Norharman与苯胺或甲苯胺等非致突变化合物一起作用时,能产生致突活性并形成DNA复合物。
杂环胺由肌酐、游离氨基酸、碳水化合物等物质通过自由基反应或美拉德反应形成,食品中的氨基酸、糖类是杂环胺形成的重要因素,色氨酸与醛类化合物(如葡萄糖)发生缩合反应,形成四氢化β-咔啉-3-羧酸(THCA),THCA进一步氧化形成Norharman,这一反应在较温和的条件下也可发生。因而,抑制THCA的形成对食品加工具有重要意义。然而,目前还没有同时能够有效抑制THCA和Norharma的抑制剂。
发明内容
鉴于此,本发明的目的在于提供一种食品抑制剂及其制备方法和应用,本发明提供的食品抑制剂对THCA和Norharman的抑制率高。
为了实现上述发明目的,本发明提供以下技术方案:
本发明提供了一种食品抑制剂,包括α-姜烯,所述α-姜烯具有式I所示的结构:
优选的,所述食品抑制剂还包括缓释剂和溶剂。
优选的,所述α-姜烯和缓释剂的质量比为9~12:0~6。
优选的,所述缓释剂包括硬脂酸甘油酯、脂肪酸蔗糖酯、卡拉胶和壳聚糖中的一种或几种。
优选的,所述溶剂包括乙醇和水。
优选的,所述食品抑制剂中α-姜烯的浓度为0.3~0.4mg/mL;
所述食品抑制剂中缓释剂的浓度为0~0.3mg/mL。
本发明提供了上述技术方案所述食品抑制剂的制备方法,包括以下步骤:将α-姜烯、缓释剂和溶剂混合,得到食品抑制剂。
优选的,所述混合包括依次进行的搅拌混合、超声处理和高压均质处理。
本发明提供了上述技术方案所述食品抑制剂或上述技术方案所述制备方法得到的食品抑制剂在食品热加工中抑制THCA和/或Norharman的生成中应用。
优选的,所述食品抑制剂的添加量为0.001~0.005wt%。
本发明提供了一种食品抑制剂,包括α-姜烯。本发明提供的食品抑制剂能够抑制色氨酸和葡萄糖发生皮克泰-斯宾格勒反应形成四氢化β-咔啉-3-羧酸(THCA),从而抑制THCA经过氧化生成的9H-吡啶并[3,4-b]吲哚(Norharman)。如实施例结果所示,抑制剂的添加量为0.005wt%时,松树皮提取物、草本植物提取物和良姜对Norharman的抑制率分别为17.85%、36%和47.38%;而本发明的食品抑制剂对Norharman的抑制率高达72.62%;松树皮提取物、草本植物提取物和良姜对THCA没有抑制作用,而本发明的食品抑制剂对THCA的抑制率高达81.51%;说明:与相同添加量的松树皮提取物、草本植物提取物和良姜抑制剂相比,本发明的食品抑制剂对Norharman的抑制效果更好;而且本发明提供的食品抑制剂对THCA和Norharman同时具有高效的抑制效果。
本发明提供了上述技术方案所述食品抑制剂的制备方法,本发明提供的制备方法,操作简单,制备成本低,适宜工业化生产。
附图说明
图1为生姜精油的GC-MS测定结果图,其中,内插图为α-姜烯质谱图;
图2为Norharman标准品的高效液相色谱图;
图3为未添加抑制剂的烤肠中Norharman的高效液相色谱图;
图4为实施例3制备的食品抑制剂的添加量对于色氨酸的影响结果;
图5为实施例3制备的食品抑制剂的添加量对于THCA的影响结果;
图6为实施例3制备的食品抑制剂的添加量对于Norharman的影响结果;
图7为本发明制备的食品抑制剂对于Norharman形成的抑制机制图。
具体实施方式
本发明提供了一种食品抑制剂,包括α-姜烯,所述α-姜烯具有式I所示的结构:
在本发明中,若无特殊说明,所有的原料组分均为本领域技术人员熟知的市售商品。
本发明对于所述α-姜烯的来源没有特殊限定,具体如采用本领域技术人员熟知的市售商品或由生姜精油中提取得到,本发明对于所述生姜精油中提取α-姜烯的方法没有特殊限定,采用本领域技术人员熟知的α-姜烯的提取方法即可。在本发明中,所述生姜精油的GC-MS测定结果如图1所示,其中,内插图为α-姜烯质谱图。由图1可知,生姜精油中含有多种成分,其中,α-姜烯占生姜精油含量的34.04%,α-姜烯是生姜精油的主要成分。
在本发明中,所述的食品抑制剂优选还包括缓释剂和溶剂。在本发明中,所述缓释剂优选包括硬脂酸甘油酯、脂肪酸蔗糖酯、卡拉胶和壳聚糖中的一种或几种。在本发明中,所述α-姜烯和缓释剂的质量比优选为9~12:0~6,更优选为9~12:1~6,进一步优选为9.5~10.5:2~5,最优选为9~10:3~4。在本发明中,所述溶剂优选包括乙醇和水;所述乙醇和水的体积比优选为1:20~50,更优选为1:30~40;所述水优选为去离子水。
在本发明中,所述食品抑制剂中α-姜烯的浓度优选为0.3~0.4mg/mL,更优选为0.35mg/mL。在本发明中,所述食品抑制剂中缓释剂的浓度优选为0~0.3mg/mL,更优选为0.1~0.2mg/mL。
本发明提供了上述技术方案所述食品抑制剂的制备方法,包括以下步骤:将α-姜烯、缓释剂和溶剂混合,得到食品抑制剂。
在本发明中,所述α-姜烯溶液中的溶剂优选为乙醇。
在本发明中,所述α-姜烯、缓释剂和溶剂混合的顺序优选为将α-姜烯溶解于部分乙醇中,得到α-姜烯溶液;将缓释剂溶解于剩余乙醇中,得到缓释剂溶液;将所述α-姜烯溶液、缓释剂溶液和水混合。在本发明中,所述α-姜烯溶液的浓度优选为0.3~0.4mg/mL,优选为0.35mg/mL。在本发明中,所述缓释剂溶液的浓度优选为0.1~0.3mg/mL,优选为0.2mg/mL。在本发明中,所述α-姜烯溶液和缓释剂溶液的体积比优选为3:1~2,更优选为3:1.5。在本发明中,所述α-姜烯溶液和水的体积比优选为3:20~60,更优选为3:30~50。
在本发明中,所述混合优选包括依次进行的搅拌混合、超声处理和高压均质处理。在本发明中,所述搅拌混合的速度优选为600~1000rpm,更优选为700~800rpm;所述搅拌的时间优选为15~20min,更优选为17~18min。在本发明中,所述超声处理的功率优选为120~180W,更优选为150~160W;时间优选为5~10min,更优选为7~8min。在本发明中,所述高压均质处理的压力优选为250~400MPa,更优选为300~350MPa;时间优选为5~10min,更优选为7~8min。本发明通过超处理声和高压均质处理,使得各相中的原料颗粒破碎,三相更好地混合成一体,形成稳定均匀的体系。
本发明提供了上述技术方案所述食品抑制剂或上述技术方案所述制备方法得到的食品抑制剂在抑制THCA和/或Norharman的生成中应用。
本发明优选通过在模拟体系或烤肠制作中验证所述食品抑制剂对THCA和/或Norharman的生成的抑制作用。在本发明中,所述食品抑制剂在烤肠中的添加量优选为0.001~0.005wt%,更优选为0.002~0.004wt%,进一步优选为0.003wt%。
在本发明中,所述模拟体系的构建方法优选包括以下步骤:将色氨酸、葡萄糖和水混合,加入食品抑制剂后调节pH值至1~2,进行加热处理,然后测定体系中色氨酸、THCA和Norharman的含量。在本发明中,所述色氨酸、葡萄糖和去离子水的质量比优选为1~2:1:20~25,更优选为1.5~1.8:1:22~24;所述食品抑制剂的质量优选为色氨酸质量的0.5~2%,更优选为1~1.5%。在本发明中,所述加热处理的温度优选为220~240℃,更优选为230℃;所述加热处理的时间优选为20~30min,更优选为25min;所述加热处理优选在石英试管中进行;所述石英试管优选置于装有石英砂的热套中固定后再进行加热处理。本发明对于所述色氨酸、THCA和Norharman的含量的测试方法没有特殊限定,采用本领域技术人员熟知的色氨酸、THCA和Norharman的含量测试方法即可,具体如高效液相色谱;本发明对于所述高效液相色谱的测试条件没有特殊限定,采用本领域技术人员熟知的高效液相色谱检测色氨酸、THCA和Norharman的含量的条件即可。
在本发明中,所述烤肠的制作方法优选包括以下步骤:将肉糜、食盐、复合磷酸盐、卡拉胶和食品抑制剂混合,依次进行滚揉腌制、灌装和烤制,得到烤肠。在本发明中,所述肉糜优选为猪肉糜;所述猪肉糜优选将新鲜猪后腿肉剔除可见的结缔组织和脂肪后利用绞肉机绞制得到;所述绞制的次数优选为2~3次。在本发明中,所述复合磷酸盐优选包括六偏磷酸钠、多聚磷酸钠和焦磷酸钠,所述六偏磷酸钠、多聚磷酸钠和焦磷酸钠的质量比优选为10~20:28~30:13~19,更优选为15~18:29~30:15~17;所述肉糜、食盐、复合磷酸盐和卡拉胶的质量比优选为100:2~3:1~3:0.2~0.4,更优选为100:2.5:2:0.3。在本发明中,以肉糜的质量计,所述食品抑制剂在烤肠中的添加量优选为0.001~0.005wt%,更优选为0.002~0.004wt%,进一步优选为0.003wt%。在本发明中,所述滚揉腌制的时间优选为30~50min,更优选为40min。在本发明中,所述灌装优选采用的肠衣优选为胶原蛋白肠衣。在本发明中,所述烤制的温度优选为220~240℃,更优选为230℃;所述烤制的时间优选为20~30min,更优选为25min;所述烤制优选在烤炉中进行。得到烤肠后,本发明优选测试烤肠中THCA和Norharman的含量。本发明对于所述THCA和Norharman的含量的测试方法没有特殊限定,采用本领域技术人员熟知的THCA和Norharman的含量测试方法即可,具体如高效液相色谱;本发明对于所述高效液相色谱的测试条件没有特殊限定,采用本领域技术人员熟知的高效液相色谱检测THCA和Norharman的含量的条件即可。
下面将结合本发明中的实施例,对本发明中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述。显然,所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
实施例1
将浓度为0.3g/mL的α-姜烯的乙醇溶液和浓度为0.1mg/mL的硬脂酸甘油酯的乙醇溶液混合后加入到去离子水中,磁力搅拌15min,在120W条件下超声5min,在250MP条件下高压均质5min,得到食品抑制剂;其中,α-姜烯的乙醇溶液、硬脂酸甘油酯的乙醇溶液和去离子水的体积比为3:2:50。
实施例2
将浓度为0.35g/mL的α-姜烯的乙醇溶液和浓度为0.2mg/mL的硬脂酸甘油酯的乙醇溶液混合后加入到去离子水中,磁力搅拌18min,在160W条件下超声8min,在350MP条件下高压均质8min,得到食品抑制剂;其中,α-姜烯的乙醇溶液、硬脂酸甘油酯的乙醇溶液和去离子水的体积比为3:2:40。
实施例3
将浓度为0.4g/mL的α-姜烯的乙醇溶液和浓度为0.3mg/mL的硬脂酸甘油酯的乙醇溶液混合后加入到去离子水中,磁力搅拌20min,在180W条件下超声10min,在400MP条件下高压均质10min,得到食品抑制剂;其中,α-姜烯的乙醇溶液、硬脂酸甘油酯的乙醇溶液和去离子水的体积比为3:2:30。
对比例1
以文献“AHN J,GRUN I U.Heterocyclic amines:inhibitory effects ofnaturalextracts on the formation of polar and nonpolar heterocyclic aminesincookedbeefJ].Joumal ofFood Science,2005,70(4):263-268.”中公开的松树皮提取物作为抑制剂。
对比例2
以文献“AHN J,GRUN I U.Heterocyclic amines:inhibitory effects ofnaturalextracts on the formation of polar and nonpolar heterocyclic aminesincookedbeefJ].Joumal ofFood Science,2005,70(4):263-268.”中公开的草本植物提取物作为抑制剂。
对比例3
以文献“姚瑶,彭增起,邵斌,等.20种市售常见香辛料的抗氧化性对酱牛肉中杂环胺含量的影响[J].中国农业科学,2012,45(20):4252-4259.”公开的良姜作为抑制剂。
应用例1
实施例1~3和对比例1~3制备的抑制剂对于烤肠中THCA和Norharman的抑制
将新鲜猪后腿肉剔除可见的结缔组织和脂肪,使用绞肉机绞制2次制成肉糜;将2~3%食盐、1~3%复合磷酸盐、0.2~0.4%卡拉胶、抑制剂与肉糜均匀混合,滚揉腌制50min,胶原蛋白肠衣灌装,经烤炉在220℃条件下烤制20min,冷却至室温,得到烤肠,高效液相色谱检测烤肠中THCA和Norharman的含量。
高效液相色谱检测条件:TSKgel ODS-80TM(250mm×4.6mm,5μm)色谱柱;室温进样量为30μL,流动相为乙腈(流动相A)和0.01mol/磷酸-三乙胺缓冲溶液(流动相B,pH=3.6),流速为1mL/min,检测波长为253nm,洗脱方式为梯度洗脱,所述梯度洗脱的洗脱程序如表1所示:
表1洗脱程序
时间/min | 流动相A体积分数/% | 流动相B体积分数/% |
0~15 | 5 | 95 |
15~25 | 25 | 75 |
25~30 | 45 | 55 |
30~35 | 5 | 95 |
实施例1~3和对比例1~3制备的抑制剂的添加量如表2所示;高效液相色谱检测过程中Norharman标准品的高效液相色谱图如图2所示,未添加抑制剂的烤肠中Norharman的高效液相色谱图如图3所示,由图2~3可知,未添加抑制剂时烤肠中含有Norharman。
表2抑制剂对烤香肠中THCA和Norharman的抑制分析
注:抑制率=(1-添加抑制剂时的生成量/无抑制剂时的生成量)×100%;生成量中标有不同字母的视为显著差别(P<0.05)。
由表2可知,实施例1~3制备的食品抑制剂对烤肠中THCA的抑制率分别为12.56~42.04%、40.33~64.09%、51.44~81.51%,对Norharman的抑制率分别为11.69~40.31%、39.69~62.15%、49.85~72.62%,可见抑制剂对THCA和Norharman的抑制均呈现剂量效应,且抑制剂中α-姜烯的含量越多,对THCA和Norharman的抑制效果越好。而相同添加量的松树皮提取物、草本植物提取物和良姜抑制剂对于Norharman的抑制效果比本发明制备的食品抑制剂的效果差,而且,松树皮提取物、草本植物提取物和良姜对于THCA没有抑制作用。说明,本发明提供的食品抑制剂对于THCA和Norharman具有高效的抑制效果。
应用例2
在模型体系中验证实施例1~3制备的食品抑制剂对于THCA和Norharman的抑制作用。
将色氨酸与葡萄糖混合后加入到去离子水中混合均匀,分别加入实施例1~3制备的食品抑制剂,加入盐酸调节pH值至1~2,将所得混合液倒入耐高温石英试管中,将耐高温石英试管中置于装有石英砂的热套中固定,在220℃条件下加热20min,然后分别测定体系中色氨酸、THCA和Norharman的含量;其中,色氨酸、葡萄糖和去离子水的质量比为1:1:22,食品抑制剂的质量分别为色氨酸质量的0%、0.5%、1%、1.5%和2%;温度通过高温温度计监测。色氨酸、THCA和Norharman的含量测试结果如表3和图4~6所示,其中,图4为实施例3制备的食品抑制剂的添加量对于色氨酸的影响结果,图5为实施例3制备的食品抑制剂的添加量对于THCA的影响结果,图6为实施例3制备的食品抑制剂的添加量对于Norharman的影响结果。
表3模型体系中色氨酸、THCA和Norharman的相对含量测定结果
由图4~6和表3可知,本发明制备的食品抑制剂对于色氨酸含量的影响并不显著;对于THCA和Norharman含量的影响呈现显著的剂量效应。
本发明制备的食品抑制剂对于Norharman形成的抑制机制如图7所示,由图7可知,色氨酸和葡萄糖能够发生皮克泰-斯宾格勒反应形成四氢化β-咔啉-3-羧酸(THCA),THCA经过氧化最终形成9H-吡啶并[3,4-b]吲哚(Norharman)。本发明制备的食品抑制剂中α-姜烯的添加能够同时抑制THCA和Norharman,且呈现剂量效应;本发明提供的食品抑制剂能够通过减少THCA的生成量从而抑制Norharman的形成。
以上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式,应当指出,对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明原理的前提下,还可以做出若干改进和润饰,这些改进和润饰也应视为本发明的保护范围。
Claims (10)
2.根据权利要求1所述食品抑制剂,其特征在于,还包括缓释剂和溶剂。
3.根据权利要求2所述的食品抑制剂,其特征在于,所述α-姜烯和缓释剂的质量比为9~12:0~6。
4.根据权利要求2或3所述的食品抑制剂,其特征在于,所述缓释剂包括硬脂酸甘油酯、脂肪酸蔗糖酯、卡拉胶和壳聚糖中的一种或几种。
5.根据权利要求2所述的食品抑制剂,其特征在于,所述溶剂包括乙醇和水。
6.根据权利要求2所述的食品抑制剂,其特征在于,所述食品抑制剂中α-姜烯的浓度为0.3~0.4mg/mL;
所述食品抑制剂中缓释剂的浓度为0~0.3mg/mL。
7.权利要求2所述食品抑制剂的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:将α-姜烯、缓释剂和溶剂混合,得到食品抑制剂。
8.根据权利要求7所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述混合包括依次进行的搅拌混合、超声处理和高压均质处理。
9.权利要求1~6任一项所述食品抑制剂或权利要求7~8任一项所述制备方法得到的食品抑制剂在食品热加工中抑制THCA和/或Norharman的生成中应用。
10.根据权利要求9所述的应用,其特征在于,所述食品抑制剂的添加量为0.001~0.005wt%。
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