CN113595431B - 级联H桥Buck型高频环节单级多输入双向DC/AC变换器 - Google Patents

级联H桥Buck型高频环节单级多输入双向DC/AC变换器 Download PDF

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CN113595431B
CN113595431B CN202110904797.8A CN202110904797A CN113595431B CN 113595431 B CN113595431 B CN 113595431B CN 202110904797 A CN202110904797 A CN 202110904797A CN 113595431 B CN113595431 B CN 113595431B
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CN113595431A (zh
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孙浩然
江加辉
陈道炼
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Qingdao University
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/66—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output with possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/68—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output with possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/72—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output with possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/79—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output with possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M7/797—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output with possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
    • H02J3/381—Dispersed generators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/34—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering
    • H02J7/35—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering with light sensitive cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J9/00—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting
    • H02J9/04—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting in which the distribution system is disconnected from the normal source and connected to a standby source
    • H02J9/06—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting in which the distribution system is disconnected from the normal source and connected to a standby source with automatic change-over, e.g. UPS systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/12—Arrangements for reducing harmonics from ac input or output
    • H02M1/126—Arrangements for reducing harmonics from ac input or output using passive filters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/22—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/24—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/28—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
    • H02M3/325—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/335—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/33561—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having more than one ouput with independent control
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/22—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/24—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/28—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
    • H02M3/325—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/335—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/33569—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having several active switching elements
    • H02M3/33576—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having several active switching elements having at least one active switching element at the secondary side of an isolation transformer
    • H02M3/33584—Bidirectional converters
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B10/00—Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
    • Y02B10/70—Hybrid systems, e.g. uninterruptible or back-up power supplies integrating renewable energies

Abstract

级联H桥Buck型高频环节单级多输入双向DC/AC变换器，是由n个直流输入源(n为自然数且n≥2)、n个级联H桥逆变器、高频变压器、m相周波变换器(m为自然数且m≥1)、m相交流滤波器依序级联构成；其中，n个直流输入源通过n个H桥级联输出后连接至高频变压器原边绕组，高频变压器副边连接到m相周波变换器；通过控制H桥逆变器和周波变换器开关，实现多输入源的双向功率流动以及不同供电模式间的平滑切换。这类变换器具有单级功率变换、高频电气隔离、可靠性高、控制灵活等优点，在功率密度、变换效率和成本方面均较为理想，适用于多种新能源联合供电的应用场合。

Description

级联H桥Buck型高频环节单级多输入双向DC/AC变换器
技术领域：
本发明所涉及的级联H桥Buck型高频环节单级多输入双向DC/AC变换器，属于电能变换领域。
背景技术：
随着社会经济的不断发展，煤炭、石油等化石能源的使用量正在快速的增加，由于传统化石能源储量有限且不可再生，加之日益严重的环境污染问题，寻找并高效利用清洁可再生能源作为化石能源的替代能源迫在眉睫。太阳能、风能、潮汐能源等新能源资源丰富且具有可再生的特点，且对环境造成的污染小，是优质清洁的能源并在全世界受到青睐。尽管可再生能源具有许多的优点，但是大多数可再生能源受环境和天气的影响较大，存在随机性和间歇性的特点，例如，风能有季节性强弱变化，太阳能有日夜间断的规律，因此一般需要将多种可再生能源发电设备与储能装置结合使用，给用户提供稳定连续的电能，为提高发电系统的连续性、稳定性并降低成本，需要采用多种系能源同时供电的分布式发电系统。因此，优良性能的多种新能源联合供电的分布式发电系统，是当今电力电子学和系能源发电技术领域的研究热点，具有重要的理论和工程应用价值。
新能源分布广泛且储量巨大，可贴近用户段采用分布式发电系统进行发电利用，补充传统集中式发电的不足，具有巨大的经济和环保效益，但单一新能源具有分布广、不可控且易受环境和天气影响等特点，所以为了增强多种新能源的互补性，提高适应性，就要求分布式发电系统可以采用多种新能源同时供电的供电模式的同时还可以储存能量增加输入源不足时输出电压的稳定性。因此，充分利用逆变器发展带有储能元件的分布式发电系统，是新能源发电行业甚至于电气行业的热点问题，具有重要的能源战略价值。
对于交流输出的太阳能发电系统而言，逆变器是必需的组成部分。而单级变换器相比于传统的两级变换器而言，单级变换器具有有体积小、重量轻、能量密度高等优点。为进一步提高多种新能源联合供电系统的性能和降低成本，有必要减少变换级数，因此，积极探索和深入研究单级多输入高频逆变器和能量管理策略，是电力电子学和新能源发电技术领域的前沿研究课题，具有重要理论和实践价值。
发明内容：
本发明的目的是要提供一种具有单级功率变换、电路拓扑简洁、电气隔离、高效、高功率密度等特点的单级多输入高频环节组合DC/AC变换器。
为了实现上述技术目的，本发明的技术方案在于：
一种单级多输入高频环节DC/AC变换器，是由n个原边串联H桥逆变器、高频变压器、m相周波变换器、m相交流滤波器依序级联构成，其中，n个输入源连接n个H桥逆变器串联接入高频逆变器，实现了多输入分布式发电。
所述变换器的双输入拓扑实例应用于光伏发电的单级多输入供电系统可工作在三种工作模态，即光伏电池向负载供电的同时给蓄电池充电的工作模式1、光伏电池与蓄电池同时向负载供电的工作模式2、蓄电池单独向负载供电的供电模式3，通过调节输入源的占空比，可以实现三种供电模式的平滑无缝切换。
本发明能够实现单级DC/AC变换，实现新能源光伏、风能的并网或离网发电，具有单级功率变换、电路拓扑简介、电气隔离、高效、高功率密度、占空比调节范围宽的特点。
附图说明
图1为所述变换器的结构框图。
图2为所述变换器带单相负载或并网电路拓扑实例。
图3为所述变换器带三相负载或并网电路拓扑实例。
图4为所述变换器带六相负载或并网电路拓扑实例。
图5为所述原边单极性SPWM控制信号图，包括(a)、(b)、(c)3幅子图；
图6为所述变换器工作模式1工作过程中的高频开关过程等效电路，包括(a)、(b)、(c)、
(d)、(e)、(f)6幅子图。
图7为所述变换器工作模式2工作过程中的高频开关过程等效电路，包括(a)、(b)、(c)、
(d)、(e)、(f)6幅子图。
图8为所述变换器工作模式3工作过程中的高频开关过程等效电路，包括(a)、(b)、(c)、
(d)4幅子图。
具体实施方式：
下面通过具体实例结合说明书附图对本发明的技术方案做进一步详细的描述。
级联H桥Buck型高频环节单级多输入双向DC/AC变换器，是由n个原边串联H桥逆变器、高频变压器、m相周波变换器、m相交流滤波器依序级联构成，其中，每个H桥逆变器带有一个直流输入源。级联H桥Buck型高频环节DC/AC变换器采用主从功率分配能量管理SPWM控制策略，实现了光伏电池的最大功率输出、不同供电模式平滑无缝切换的功能，变换器可以工作在3种工作模式，光伏电池与蓄电池同时向负载供电的工作模式1、光伏电池向负载供电的同时给蓄电池充电的工作模式2、蓄电池单独向负载供电的供电模式3，图2-图4分别为所述变换器带单相负载或并网、带三相负载或并网、带六相负载或并网电路拓扑实例。
以图2为例，n＝2，m＝1为例，其中Ui1、Ui2是两个独立的直流输入源，Q1-Q8是级联H桥逆变器的功率开关，T是高频变压器，S1-S4、S1'-S4'是周波变换器的功率开关，Lf是输出滤波电感，Cf是输出滤波电容，R是负载。下面将结合级联H桥Buck型高频环节单级多输入双向DC/AC变换器的等效电路图，以两个输入源带单相负载的一个正弦输出工作周期为例，描述变换器运行在三种工作模式的工作过程。
多输入源的采样电压经过主从功率分配的能量管理控制，输出级联H桥逆变器的开关驱动信号，所述原边单极性SPWM调制在变压器原边可以调制出多电平的原边电压，如Ui1+Ui2(1010)、Ui1(1011或1000)、Ui2(1110或0010)、-Ui1(0111或0100)、-Ui2(1101或1100)、-Ui1-Ui2(0101)，若Ui1与Ui2不相等，则可以调制出更多电平，其中H桥逆变器同一桥臂上开关管导通记为1，下开关管导通记为0，1010即指Q1、Q4、Q5、Q8导通，Q2、Q3、Q6、Q7截止。
级联H桥Buck型高频环节单级多输入变换器的三种工作模式在原边单极性SPWM控制时的开关驱动波形和高频开关过程等效电路如图5-图8所示。
工作模式1：光伏电池与蓄电池同时向负载供电。
模态1：原边Q2、Q3、Q6、Q7导通，UAB＝-(Ui1+Ui2)，变压器励磁电感由充磁状态变为去磁状态，副边周波变换器反向导通，将UAB调制为上正下负，Ui1和Ui2同时向负载供电。
模态2：Q7截止，Q5导通，下方H桥逆变器工作在续流状态，UAB＝-Ui1，变器励磁电感去磁，副边周波变换器仍反向导通，Ui1单独向负载供电。
模态3：Q3截止，Q1导通，原边级联H桥逆变器工作在续流状态，UAB＝0，变压器励磁电感持续去磁至下一模态结束。
模态4：Q2、Q6截止，Q4、Q8导通，UAB＝Ui1+Ui2，变压器励磁电感开始充磁，副边周波变换器正向导通，Ui1和Ui2同时向负载供电。
模态5：Q5截止，Q7导通，下方H桥逆变器工作在续流状态，UAB＝Ui1，变压器励磁电感继续充磁，副边周波变换器正向导通，Ui1单独向负载供电。
模态6：Q1截止，Q3导通，原边级联H桥逆变器工作在续流状态，UAB＝0，变压器励磁电感充磁结束，准备进入下一个工作模态开始去磁。
工作模式2：光伏电池向负载供电的同时给蓄电池充电。
模态1：原边Q2、Q3、Q5、Q5导通，UAB＝-(Ui1-Ui2)，变压器励磁电感由充磁状态变为去磁状态，副边周波变换器反向导通，将UAB调制为上正下负，Ui1向负载供电并给Ui2充电。
模态2：Q8截止，Q6导通，下方H桥逆变器工作在续流状态，UAB＝-Ui1，变器励磁电感去磁，副边周波变换器仍反向导通，Ui1单独向负载供电。
模态3：Q3截止，Q1导通，原边级联H桥逆变器工作在续流状态，UAB＝0，变压器励磁电感持续去磁至下一模态结束。
模态4：Q2、Q5截止，Q4、Q7导通，UAB＝Ui1-Ui2，变压器励磁电感开始充磁，副边周波变换器正向导通，Ui1向负载供电并给Ui2充电。
模态5：Q6截止，Q8导通，下方H桥逆变器工作在续流状态，UAB＝Ui1，变压器励磁电感继续充磁，副边周波变换器正向导通，Ui1单独向负载供电。
模态6：Q1截止，Q3导通，原边级联H桥逆变器工作在续流状态，UAB＝0，变压器励磁电感充磁结束，准备进入下一个工作模态开始去磁。
工作模式3：蓄电池单独向负载供电。
模态1：原边Q2、Q3、Q7、Q8导通，UAB＝-Ui1，变压器励磁电感由充磁状态变为去磁状态，副边周波变换器反向导通，将UAB调制为上正下负，Ui1单独向负载供电。
模态2：Q3截止，Q1导通，原边级联H桥逆变器工作在续流状态，UAB＝0，变压器励磁电感持续去磁指下一模态结束。
模态3：Q2截止，Q4导通，UAB＝-Ui1，变压器励磁电感由去磁状态变为充磁状态，副边周波变换器正向导通，Ui1单独向负载供电。
模态4：Q1截止，Q3导通，原边级联H桥逆变器工作在续流状态，UAB＝0，变压器励磁电感充磁结束。
级联H桥Buck型高频环节单级多输入双向DC/AC变换器采用主从功率分配能量管理和原边单极性SPWM调制策略，实现了光伏等新能源的最大功率输出，变换器可以工作在三种不同的工作模式，可以实现三种工作模式的平滑无缝切换。
以上所述实施例只为本发明之较佳实施例，本发明及其实施例不应仅限于此，故凡依本发明之形状、原理所作的变化，均应涵盖在本发明的保护范围内。

Claims (3)

1.级联H桥Buck型高频环节单级多输入双向DC/AC变换器，其特征在于：所述变换器是由n个直流输入源、n个级联H桥逆变器、高频变压器、m相周波变换器、m相交流滤波器依序级联构成；所述n个直流输入源通过n个H桥级联输出后连接至高频变压器原边绕组；高频变压器副边绕组连接到m相周波变换器；所述的m相周波变换器包括m个桥臂，每个桥臂包括1个上桥臂和1个下桥臂，各由两个两象限开关反串构成，当m＝1时，单相周波变换器包括2个桥臂；所述m相交流滤波器连接到m相周波变换器的输出端，由m相LC滤波器或m相LCL滤波器构成。
2.根据权利要求1所述的级联H桥Buck型高频环节单级多输入双向DC/AC变换器，其特征在于：所述变换器的n个级联H桥逆变器分别与n个直流输入源相连；所述高频变压器原边绕组连接在第1个H桥逆变器与第n个H桥逆变器连接线AB之间；所述m相周波变换器第1桥臂由1个上桥臂和1个下桥臂构成，其中上桥臂由功率开关S1、S1'构成，下桥臂由功率开关S2、S2'构成；所述周波变换器第m个桥臂由1个上桥臂和1个下桥臂构成，其中上桥臂由功率开关S2m-1、S2m-1'构成，下桥臂由功率开关S2m、S2m'构成；m个上桥臂的公共端连接至节点P，m个下桥臂的公共端连接至节点N；所述高频变压器副边绕组连接在P、N节点之间；所述m相周波变换器输出端连接到m相交流滤波器；m相交流滤波器与m相负载或m相电网相连。
3.根据权利要求1所述的级联H桥Buck型高频环节单级多输入双向DC/AC变换器，其特征在于：所述n个与级联H桥逆变器相连的直流输入源，所有源同时供电，或部分源供电，一个H桥逆变单元输出三电平，通过控制某一路H桥输出的三种不同电平，实现该路输入源的充电、放电、不充不放三种工作模态。
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