CN113593943A - High-current rapid mechanical switch structure and control method thereof - Google Patents
High-current rapid mechanical switch structure and control method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN113593943A CN113593943A CN202110740433.0A CN202110740433A CN113593943A CN 113593943 A CN113593943 A CN 113593943A CN 202110740433 A CN202110740433 A CN 202110740433A CN 113593943 A CN113593943 A CN 113593943A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H3/00—Mechanisms for operating contacts
- H01H3/22—Power arrangements internal to the switch for operating the driving mechanism
- H01H3/28—Power arrangements internal to the switch for operating the driving mechanism using electromagnet
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H3/00—Mechanisms for operating contacts
- H01H3/22—Power arrangements internal to the switch for operating the driving mechanism
Abstract
The invention relates to a high-current rapid mechanical switch structure which comprises a vacuum arc extinguish chamber, a monostable permanent magnet operating mechanism and a double-coil electromagnetic repulsion mechanism. The method that the opening coil of the electromagnetic repulsion mechanism and the operating coil of the permanent magnet operating mechanism act simultaneously during opening is adopted, closing holding force provided by the permanent magnet during opening is reduced as much as possible, opening time is shortened, reverse acting force generated by rapid compression of a contact spring during opening is reduced, elastic collision between the electromagnetic repulsion mechanism and the closing holding mechanism is reduced, and stability during opening is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of flexible direct current power distribution, in particular to a high-current rapid mechanical switch structure and a control method thereof.
Background
With the large-scale access of distributed energy sources and energy storage devices, the rapid development of power electronic technology and high-capacity power transmission, power distribution based on a flexible direct-current system is an important development direction in the future, and particularly, direct-current systems such as large-scale ship power supply systems and urban rail transit power supply systems are developed greatly in certain specific occasions. In a high-capacity direct-current power grid, a direct-current circuit breaker which opens an ultra-high current within 2-3ms is required to be used for rapidly cutting off fault equipment or lines so as to ensure the stable operation of a non-fault part of a direct-current system.
The direct current vacuum circuit breaker based on the hybrid type is an important development direction of the current direct current on-off technology, and the circuit breaker fully combines the advantages of low on-state loss of a mechanical switch and high on-off speed of a power electronic switch. The time of the power electronic switch for switching off fault current is extremely short, the current change rate di/dt is very large, and due to the existence of inductance in a circuit, the opening distance for bearing high-amplitude transient recovery voltage is needed in the opening instant opening gap, so the opening speed of the mechanical switch directly determines the opening performance of the hybrid direct-current circuit breaker, and therefore, the rapid mechanical switch is a key technology for developing the hybrid direct-current circuit breaker.
Along with the development of a medium-voltage direct-current distribution network system to a high-capacity power transmission era, a hybrid direct-current circuit breaker can bear larger direct current, namely that a fast mechanical switch serving as a main through-current branch needs to be electrified with larger rated current when a power grid is in a steady state, and the fast mechanical switch needs to transfer larger fault current and bear higher-amplitude instantaneous recovery voltage when the power grid fails, so that the high-current fast mechanical switch is characteristically required to have very large pressure on a contact when a mechanism is stably switched on, and is very high in speed when the power grid is switched off.
In order to ensure that sufficient pressure exists between contacts when a high-current rapid mechanical switch is in a switching-on position, a permanent magnet operating mechanism is generally adopted at present, a permanent magnet is used for replacing a traditional locking device to realize the maintenance of the switching-off and switching-on positions of a vacuum switch, the moving part of the permanent magnet operating mechanism is simple, the switching-on and switching-off current is small, the requirement on an operating power supply is relatively simple, but under the current technical development, the permanent magnet operating mechanism has no way of rapidly increasing the speed at the initial stage of switching-on and switching-off. Meanwhile, in order to ensure that the opening speed is fast enough, the existing electromagnetic repulsion mechanism can be widely applied, a fast reverse magnetic field is generated between the discharge coil and the repulsion plate through the electromagnetic eddy current effect, the electromagnetic repulsion pushes the repulsion plate to move fast, the larger the rising gradient of the current of the discharge coil is, the faster the repulsion force borne by the repulsion plate is increased, and therefore the electromagnetic repulsion mechanism has the advantages of few action parts, small size and fast acceleration and is widely applied to the hybrid direct current breaker fast mechanical switch.
Therefore, most of the mechanisms in the high-current fast mechanical switch used in the high-capacity medium-voltage direct-current power distribution network are electromagnetic repulsion and permanent magnet operation combined mechanisms, namely, the permanent magnet operation mechanism is used for closing and opening, an electromagnet coil is designed in the permanent magnet operation mechanism, and the mechanism can also have the functions of slow opening and slow closing; meanwhile, the electromagnetic repulsion mechanism is used for fault rapid opening or closing buffering, and if the electromagnetic repulsion mechanism is a dual-drive coil, the mechanism can also have opening buffering and rapid closing effects. Obviously, the electromagnetic repulsion and permanent magnet operation combined mechanism has very obvious advantages in the application of a high-current quick mechanical switch, but the existing combined mechanism has a single control mode, and only the electromagnetic repulsion mechanism is used during fault opening. Because the electromagnetic repulsion mechanism can reach the thrust peak value within 1ms, the duration is very short, when the electromagnetic repulsion mechanism is caused to be opened rapidly, the repulsion plate drives the connecting rod to move downwards, the permanent magnet still provides closing holding force at the moment, the opening spring can generate reverse acting force due to compression, the opening speed of the rapid mechanical switch can be reduced, the opening time is prolonged, if the opening speed is required to be increased, the driving capacitor voltage of the electromagnetic repulsion mechanism needs to be increased, the driving capacitor volume can be increased, huge pressure is brought to the design of a driving circuit, meanwhile, the electromagnetic repulsion mechanism can be elastically collided with the closing holding mechanism, the bounce phenomenon is caused, and even the opening failure is caused under severe conditions. And because in the medium-voltage distribution network system, the rated open distance of the vacuum arc-extinguishing chamber is small, when the brake is rapidly opened, the device basically cannot effectively buffer moving parts, and the phenomenon of rebound of the opened brake is caused.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the above disadvantages, the present invention provides a control method for a high current fast mechanical switch based on a combined mechanism of electromagnetic repulsion and permanent magnet operation, which can solve the problems of the reduction of the opening speed of the combined mechanism and the elastic collision between the electromagnetic repulsion mechanism and the permanent magnet operation mechanism, and can greatly reduce the voltage of the driving capacitor and the volume of the driving capacitor.
In a first aspect of the present invention, a high current fast mechanical switch structure is provided, which includes a vacuum arc extinguish chamber, a monostable permanent magnet operating mechanism and a double-coil electromagnetic repulsion mechanism.
Preferably, the vacuum arc-extinguishing chamber comprises a fixed contact and a movable contact.
Preferably, the monostable permanent magnet operating mechanism comprises a moving guide rod with a boss, a brake separating spring, a contact spring, a permanent magnet, a static iron core, a slow opening and closing coil, a movable iron core and a movable iron core brake separating limit plate; the moving guide rod penetrates through the hollow part of the static iron core, the static iron core is internally provided with a slow opening and closing coil through an insulating ring-shaped groove, the permanent magnet is positioned above the insulating ring-shaped groove, the opening spring and the contact spring are placed in the hollow part of the static iron core and respectively penetrate through the upper side and the lower side of the moving guide rod, and the static iron core is positioned below the moving iron core. The main function is to provide enough contact pressure for the contact when in a closing state, and the attraction coil is electrified reversely to offset the permanent magnetic force when in opening.
Preferably, the double-coil electromagnetic repulsion mechanism comprises a repulsion disc, a separating brake coil and a separating brake buffer coil; the upper connecting part of the repulsion plate penetrates through the hollow part of the opening coil, and the lower connecting part of the repulsion plate penetrates through the hollow part of the opening buffer coil. The electromagnetic repulsion opening coil is used for discharging electricity to generate phase-down induced force in the repulsion plate to push the moving part to move quickly, and the opening buffer coil is used for generating phase-up induced force in the repulsion plate to accurately decelerate the moving part.
Preferably, the moving contact of the vacuum arc-extinguishing chamber is connected with a metal pull rod, the other end of the metal pull rod is connected to a motion guide rod of the monostable permanent magnet operating mechanism, and the other end of the motion guide rod is connected to a repulsion disc of the double-coil electromagnetic repulsion mechanism.
The second part of the present invention provides a control method for the above-mentioned high-current fast mechanical switch structure, which includes the following control steps:
i1 is the discharge current of the opening coil of the double-coil electromagnetic repulsion mechanism, and I2 is the discharge current of the opening buffer coil of the double-coil electromagnetic repulsion mechanism; i3 is reverse electrifying current of a pull-in coil of the permanent magnet operating mechanism;
kd is a breaking identification line of the moving contact and the static contact, high potential is closed position, and low potential is separated position;
t1 is the time from the opening command to the separation of the moving contact and the static contact, namely the opening time; t2 is the discharge delay time of the opening buffer coil and the opening coil, and is 3ms here;
s1 is the maximum point of the linear displacement of the moving part accelerated for the first time; s2 is the maximum point of linear displacement of the moving part after the moving part rebounds for the first time; s3 is the open distance between the contacts at 3 ms.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the method that the opening coil of the electromagnetic repulsion mechanism and the operating coil of the permanent magnet operating mechanism act simultaneously during opening is adopted, closing holding force provided by the permanent magnet during opening is reduced as much as possible, opening time is shortened, reverse acting force generated by rapid compression of a contact spring during opening is reduced, elastic collision between the electromagnetic repulsion mechanism and the closing holding mechanism is reduced, and stability during opening is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a high-current rapid mechanical switch based on an electromagnetic repulsion and permanent magnet operation combined mechanism under a closing condition;
FIG. 2 is a motion characteristic curve of the electromagnetic repulsion mechanism only under the condition of acting on a brake-separating coil during brake separation;
FIG. 3 is a motion characteristic curve of the combined action of the electromagnetic repulsion mechanism and the opening coil of the permanent magnet operating mechanism during opening;
shown in the figure:
1. the device comprises a static contact, 2, a moving contact, 3, a metal pull rod, 4, a moving guide rod, 5, a switching-off spring, 6, a contact spring, 7, a permanent magnet, 8, a static iron core, 9, a slow switching-off and switching-on coil, 10, a moving iron core, 11, a moving iron core switching-off limiting plate, 12, a repulsion plate, 13, a switching-off coil, 14 and a switching-off buffer coil.
Detailed Description
In order to clearly illustrate the technical features of the present solution, the present solution is explained below by way of specific embodiments.
A high-current fast mechanical switch structure is shown in figure 1 and comprises a vacuum arc extinguish chamber, a monostable permanent magnet operation mechanism and a double-coil electromagnetic repulsion mechanism. The vacuum arc extinguish chamber comprises a static contact 1 and a moving contact 2.
The monostable permanent magnet operating mechanism comprises a moving guide rod 4 with a boss, a brake separating spring 5, a contact spring 6, a permanent magnet 7, a static iron core 8, a slow brake opening and closing coil 9, a movable iron core 10 and a movable iron core brake separating limit plate 11. The moving guide rod 4 penetrates through the hollow part of the static iron core 8, the static iron core 8 is internally provided with a slow opening and closing coil 9 through an insulating annular groove, the permanent magnet 7 is positioned above the insulating annular groove, the opening spring 5 and the contact spring 6 are arranged in the hollow part of the static iron core 8 and respectively penetrate through the upper side and the lower side of the moving guide rod 4, and the static iron core 8 is positioned below the moving iron core 10. The main function is to provide enough contact pressure for the contact when in a closing state, and the attraction coil is electrified reversely to offset the permanent magnetic force when in opening.
The double-coil electromagnetic repulsion mechanism comprises a repulsion disc 12, a brake separating coil 13 and a brake separating buffer coil 14. The upper connection part of the repulsive force disc 12 penetrates through the hollow part of the opening coil 13, and the lower connection part of the repulsive force disc 12 penetrates through the hollow part of the opening buffer coil 14. The electromagnetic repulsion opening coil is used for discharging electricity to generate phase-down induced force in the repulsion plate to push the moving part to move quickly, and the opening buffer coil is used for generating phase-up induced force in the repulsion plate to accurately decelerate the moving part.
The moving contact 2 of the vacuum arc extinguish chamber is connected with a metal pull rod 3, the other end of the metal pull rod 3 is connected to a moving guide rod 4 of the monostable permanent magnet operating mechanism, and the other end of the moving guide rod 4 is connected to a repulsion disc 12 of the double-coil electromagnetic repulsion mechanism.
A control method of a 10kV heavy current rapid mechanical switch based on an electromagnetic repulsion and permanent magnet operation combined mechanism is disclosed, as shown in figure 3, I1 is the discharge current of a separating brake coil of a double-coil electromagnetic repulsion mechanism, and I2 is the discharge current of a separating brake buffer coil of the double-coil electromagnetic repulsion mechanism; i3 is reverse electrifying current of a pull-in coil of the permanent magnet operating mechanism; kd is a breaking identification line of the moving contact and the static contact, the high potential is the closing potential, and the low potential is the separating potential; t1 is the time from the opening command to the separation of the moving contact and the static contact, namely the opening time; t2 is the discharge delay time of the opening buffer coil and the opening coil, and is 3ms here; s1 is the maximum point of the linear displacement of the moving part accelerated for the first time; s2 is the maximum point of linear displacement of the moving part after the moving part rebounds for the first time; s3 is the open distance between the contacts at 3 ms.
To further explain the structural principle and control method of the high-current fast mechanical switch based on the electromagnetic repulsion and permanent magnet operation combined mechanism provided by the embodiment of the invention, the working process and control method thereof will be detailed in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, and the following details are provided:
(1) before opening, the switch is in the closing position, as shown in the state of the attached figure 1: a 1-static contact and a 2-moving contact in the arc extinguish chamber are tightly closed under certain pressure; the 8-movable iron core and the 10-static iron core are attracted under the action of permanent magnetic attraction; 5-the opening spring and the 6-contact spring are both in a compressed state, the resultant force of the pressing force of the contact spring and the pressing force of the opening spring is the contact pressure, the high-current vacuum arc-extinguishing chamber requires very large rated contact pressure, and the rated contact pressure requires 11000N by taking a 15kV-5000A vacuum arc-extinguishing chamber as an example; the distance between the upper surface of the 12-repulsion plate and the lower surface of the 13-opening coil pouring is 1mm, and the distance between the lower surface of the 12-repulsion plate and the upper surface of the 14-opening buffer coil pouring is 12 +/-1 mm;
(2) at the starting moment of opening, only the opening coil of the double-coil repulsion mechanism discharges, as shown in the curve of figure 2: when the brake is opened, only a 13-brake opening coil of the repulsion mechanism receives a command to discharge, the brake opening time T1 is 1.25ms, the maximum linear displacement S1 of the moving part accelerated for the first time is 7.8mm, the linear displacement S2 of the moving part rebounded for the first time is 3.8mm, the opening distance S3 between contacts at 3ms is 6.4mm, and the brake opening curve under the control method has a large-amplitude rebound phenomenon;
(3) the opening coil discharging of the double-coil repulsion mechanism and the reverse electrification of the monostable permanent magnet mechanism are carried out simultaneously at the opening starting moment, as shown in the attached figure 3: when the brake is opened, only the 13-brake-opening coil of the repulsion mechanism receives command discharge, the brake opening time T1 is 0.65ms, the maximum linear displacement S1 of the moving part accelerated for the first time is 8.2mm, the linear displacement S2 of the moving part rebounded for the first time is 7.2mm, the opening distance S3 between the contacts at 3ms is 7.2mm, and the brake opening curve under the control method has no large-amplitude rebound phenomenon.
The method that the opening coil of the electromagnetic repulsion mechanism and the operating coil of the permanent magnet operating mechanism act simultaneously during opening is adopted, closing holding force provided by the permanent magnet during opening is reduced as much as possible, opening time is shortened, reverse acting force generated by rapid compression of a contact spring during opening is reduced, elastic collision between the electromagnetic repulsion mechanism and the closing holding mechanism is reduced, and stability during opening is improved. When the separating brake reaches the specified opening distance, the moving part is decelerated accurately and quickly by acting the separating brake buffer coil, the damage to the structure caused by smaller separating brake impact can be reduced, the driving capacitor voltage can be greatly reduced, and the driving capacitor volume can be reduced.
Compared with the control method of the invention in which the discharge of the opening coil of the double-coil repulsion mechanism and the reverse electrification of the attraction coil of the monostable permanent magnet mechanism are simultaneously carried out at the opening starting time, the control method of the invention has the advantages that the discharge of the opening coil of the double-coil repulsion mechanism and the reverse electrification of the attraction coil of the monostable permanent magnet mechanism are simultaneously carried out at the opening starting time, the reverse through-flow of the attraction coil is beneficial to quickly counteracting a part of permanent magnet force, the opening time of the contact is shortened, the opening speed is faster, and the reverse through-current of the attraction coil is gradually increased along with the rapid reduction of the current of the opening coil of the repulsion mechanism, the permanent magnetic force is counteracted by most of the permanent magnetic force, the phenomenon that the moving contact rebounds due to the fact that the opening spring is excessively compressed again when the opening buffer coil of the repulsion mechanism discharges is avoided, and the stable and rapid opening process is ensured.
Of course, the above description is not limited to the above examples, and the undescribed technical features of the present invention can be implemented by or using the prior art, and will not be described herein again; the above embodiments and drawings are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention and not for limiting the present invention, and the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, additions or substitutions within the spirit and scope of the present invention may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the present invention, and shall also fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A high-current rapid mechanical switch structure is characterized in that: the device comprises a vacuum arc extinguish chamber, a monostable permanent magnet operating mechanism and a double-coil electromagnetic repulsion mechanism.
2. A high current fast mechanical switch structure as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the vacuum arc extinguish chamber comprises a static contact and a moving contact.
3. A high current fast mechanical switch structure as claimed in claim 2, wherein: the monostable permanent magnet operating mechanism comprises a moving guide rod with a boss, a brake separating spring, a contact spring, a permanent magnet, a static iron core, a slow brake opening and closing coil, a movable iron core and a movable iron core brake separating limit plate; the moving guide rod penetrates through the hollow part of the static iron core, the static iron core is internally provided with a slow opening and closing coil through an insulating ring-shaped groove, the permanent magnet is positioned above the insulating ring-shaped groove, the opening spring and the contact spring are placed in the hollow part of the static iron core and respectively penetrate through the upper side and the lower side of the moving guide rod, and the static iron core is positioned below the moving iron core.
4. A high current fast mechanical switch structure and control method thereof according to claim 3, characterized in that: the double-coil electromagnetic repulsion mechanism comprises a repulsion disc, a brake separating coil and a brake separating buffer coil; the upper connecting part of the repulsion plate penetrates through the hollow part of the opening coil, and the lower connecting part of the repulsion plate penetrates through the hollow part of the opening buffer coil.
5. A high current fast mechanical switch structure and control method thereof according to claim 4, characterized in that: the moving contact of the vacuum arc extinguish chamber is connected with the metal pull rod, the other end of the metal pull rod is connected to a moving guide rod of the monostable permanent magnet operating mechanism, and the other end of the moving guide rod is connected to a repulsion disc of the double-coil electromagnetic repulsion mechanism.
6. A method for controlling a high current fast mechanical switch structure according to any one of claims 1 to 5, comprising the following control steps:
i1 is the discharge current of the opening coil of the double-coil electromagnetic repulsion mechanism, and I2 is the discharge current of the opening buffer coil of the double-coil electromagnetic repulsion mechanism; i3 is reverse electrifying current of a pull-in coil of the permanent magnet operating mechanism;
kd is a breaking identification line of the moving contact and the static contact, high potential is closed position, and low potential is separated position;
t1 is the time from the opening command to the separation of the moving contact and the static contact, namely the opening time; t2 is the discharge delay time of the opening buffer coil and the opening coil, and is 3ms here;
s1 is the maximum point of the linear displacement of the moving part accelerated for the first time; s2 is the maximum point of linear displacement of the moving part after the moving part rebounds for the first time; s3 is the open distance between the contacts at 3 ms.
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| CN202110740433.0A CN113593943A (en) | 2021-06-30 | 2021-06-30 | High-current rapid mechanical switch structure and control method thereof |
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| CN202110740433.0A CN113593943A (en) | 2021-06-30 | 2021-06-30 | High-current rapid mechanical switch structure and control method thereof |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN117524780A (en) * | 2024-01-05 | 2024-02-06 | 宁波天安智能电网科技股份有限公司 | Self-induction magnetic force assisted quick-separating mechanism and high-voltage switch |
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| CN107833783A (en) * | 2017-09-21 | 2018-03-23 | 西安交通大学 | The powder operation device and its actuating method of a kind of dc circuit breaker |
| CN107946133A (en) * | 2017-12-06 | 2018-04-20 | 上海电气集团股份有限公司 | A kind of quick acting switching-off mechanism and hybrid AC breaker |
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2021
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Patent Citations (5)
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| CN101315836A (en) * | 2008-06-17 | 2008-12-03 | 西安交通大学 | Electromagnetic repulsion force system and permanent magnetic system coupled self-adapting control mechanism |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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