CN113593748B - Alloy copper wire and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Alloy copper wire and preparation method thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN113593748B
CN113593748B CN202110586837.9A CN202110586837A CN113593748B CN 113593748 B CN113593748 B CN 113593748B CN 202110586837 A CN202110586837 A CN 202110586837A CN 113593748 B CN113593748 B CN 113593748B
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alloy
pure
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ingot
heat treatment
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CN113593748A (en
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黄坤明
张新年
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Fujian Mingrui New Material Technology Co ltd
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01BCABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B1/00Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors
    • H01B1/02Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors mainly consisting of metals or alloys
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01BCABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B13/00Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing conductors or cables
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01BCABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B13/00Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing conductors or cables
    • H01B13/0006Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing conductors or cables for reducing the size of conductors or cables
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01BCABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B13/00Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing conductors or cables
    • H01B13/0016Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing conductors or cables for heat treatment

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Conductive Materials (AREA)
  • Metal Extraction Processes (AREA)

Abstract

An alloy copper wire and a preparation method thereof, wherein the copper wire consists of 50-80 parts of pure Cu, 40-60 parts of pure Al, 30-70 parts of Cu-Ni-Si and 60-100 parts of Al-Mg-Si alloy, raw materials are prepared, 50-80 parts of pure Cu, 40-60 parts of pure Al, 30-70 parts of Cu-Ni-Si and 60-100 parts of Al-Mg-Si alloy are taken, and the raw materials are weighed for later use; homogenizing heat treatment, namely homogenizing heat treatment is carried out on an as-cast structure of an Al-Mg-Si alloy for 24 hours, DSC analysis is carried out on an ingot, the temperature range of the homogenizing heat treatment of the alloy is determined, then a plurality of temperatures are selected in the range, 10 x 12mm small samples are taken on the ingot for homogenizing heat treatment, the strength of an alloy copper wire processed by adopting the process disclosed by the invention is doubled compared with the strength of a copper/aluminum composite wire, the weight of the alloy copper wire is reduced by more than 28% on the premise of ensuring the unit carrying capacity, a material basis is provided for the application of a light high-strength wire in aerospace, and the copper wire prepared by the invention has the properties of low density, low elastic modulus, close linear expansion coefficient and large specific heat capacity as compared with an aluminum pipe outer conductor, and meanwhile the cost can be reduced.

Description

Alloy copper wire and preparation method thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to copper wire preparation, in particular to an alloy copper wire and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The wire and cable is an electrical wire product for transmitting electric energy, transmitting information and realizing electromagnetic energy conversion, and plays a very important role in national economy. Metal conductors are the base material and the important composition of wires and cables. The development of metal materials and the improvement of performances have great influence on the technical development of wires and cables. Practice proves that in order to ensure the performance and service life of the electric wires and cables, the structure and performance of the metal conductors must be studied deeply; typically, the wire and cable conductor materials are single metals, most commonly aluminum and copper. Copper has the characteristics of good electric conduction and thermal conductivity, high chemical stability and good mechanical property, and in order to further improve the mechanical property of copper and improve the corrosion resistance, wear resistance and heat resistance of copper, silver copper, rare earth copper alloy, copper nickel silicon alloy and the like are also developed by for use in wires and cables. Aluminum has conductivity inferior to copper and silver, light specific gravity and good plasticity, and is also used for conductive materials. The aluminum alloy, such as aluminum magnesium silicon alloy, can improve the tensile strength, heat resistance and other properties of pure aluminum on the premise of not reducing or reducing the conductivity as much as possible.
The traditional copper/aluminum composite wire adopts pure copper and pure aluminum as materials, the prepared composite wire has low strength and poor crimping performance, deformation and even fracture are easy to occur during crimping and fastening, and the aerospace craft has very high requirements on the performance of the materials, so that the defects severely limit the application of the composite wire.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the situation, in order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention provides the alloy copper wire and the preparation method thereof, which have the characteristics of low density, low elastic modulus, close linear expansion coefficient to an aluminum pipe outer conductor and large specific heat capacity, can reduce cost, and have higher strength and good crimping performance, and are not easy to deform during crimping and fastening.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: the copper wire consists of 50-80 parts of pure Cu, 40-60 parts of pure Al, 30-70 parts of Cu-Ni-Si and 60-100 parts of Al-Mg-Si alloy.
According to the technical scheme: the Cu-Ni-Si consists of 3.8% of Ni, 1.9% of Si, 0.19% of Mg and the balance of Cu.
According to the technical scheme: the Al-Mg-Si consists of 0.91% of Si, 0.98% of Mg and the balance of Al.
The preparation method of the alloy copper wire comprises the following steps:
1) Preparing raw materials, namely weighing 50-80 parts of pure Cu, 40-60 parts of pure Al, 30-70 parts of Cu-Ni-Si and 60-100 parts of Al-Mg-Si alloy for later use;
2) Homogenizing heat treatment, namely homogenizing heat treatment is carried out on an as-cast structure of an Al-Mg-Si alloy for 24 hours, DSC analysis is carried out on an ingot, a temperature range of the homogenizing heat treatment of the alloy is determined, then a plurality of temperatures are selected in the range, small samples with the temperature of 10 x 12mm are taken on the ingot for homogenizing heat treatment, an optimal homogenizing heat treatment process is determined, homogenizing heat treatment is carried out on the ingot under the corresponding process, a water cooling mode is adopted on the samples in a laboratory state, so that the dissolution effect of a second phase after homogenization is better observed, and an air cooling mode is adopted on the ingot after homogenizing heat treatment;
3) Performing hot extrusion deformation, namely performing hot extrusion on the pure Al ingot and the homogenized Al-Mg-Si alloy round ingot at the temperature of 450 ℃ for 2 hours, and extruding the pure Al ingot and the homogenized Al-Mg-Si alloy round ingot into alloy bars with the diameter of phi 30mm by using an extruder; heat-preserving the pure Cu ingot and the Cu-Ni-Si round ingot at 960 ℃ for 2.5 hours, and then performing hot extrusion to obtain an alloy bar with the diameter of phi 30 mm;
4) Solution treatment, namely, cu-Ni-Si alloy is an aging strengthening alloy, and in order to enable alloy elements to be dissolved into a copper matrix as much as possible, extruded Cu-Ni-Si alloy bars are subjected to solution treatment;
5) Machining, namely performing numerical control lathe machining on the pure Al and Al-Mg-Si bars after hot extrusion, wherein in order to control the roughness of the surfaces of the bars, the machining speed of a lathe is required to be controlled, and the size of the bars after machining is phi 19.8mm;
6) And (3) sleeve drawing, namely sleeving a pure Al rod into a pure Cu pipe, sleeving an Al-Mg-Si rod into a Cu-Ni-Si pipe, carrying out cold drawing on a medium-sized broaching machine, carrying out multi-pass drawing deformation, drawing the wire diameter from phi 21.7mm to phi 3mm, carrying out fine multi-pass drawing on a small-sized drawing machine until the size is phi 1mm and the volume ratio of Cu to Cu-Ni-Si is kept at about 15%, and obtaining the alloy copper wire.
According to the technical scheme: in the step of hot extrusion deformation, a UBE2500MN horizontal extruder is adopted, and the outlet speed is 1m/s.
According to the technical scheme: the surface treatment is carried out, the inner wall of the Cu-Ni-Si alloy pipe is cleaned by dilute hydrochloric acid, an oxide layer on the surface is removed, and the inner wall oil stain is removed by acetone and alcohol; and polishing the surface of the machined Al-Mg-Si bar by fine sand paper, and cleaning sequentially by using acetone and alcohol.
The beneficial effects are that: the strength of the alloy copper wire processed by the process is doubled compared with that of a copper/aluminum composite wire, the weight of the alloy copper wire is reduced by more than 28% compared with that of a copper wire on the premise of ensuring the unit current-carrying capacity, a material foundation is provided for the application of a light high-strength wire in aerospace, and the prepared copper wire has the characteristics of low density, low elastic modulus, linear expansion coefficient close to that of an aluminum pipe outer conductor and high specific heat capacity, and meanwhile, the alloy copper wire can reduce cost, has higher strength and good crimping performance, and is not easy to deform during crimping and fastening.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate the invention and together with the embodiments of the invention, serve to explain the invention. In the drawings:
fig. 1 is a block diagram of the system of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following describes the embodiment of the present invention in further detail with reference to fig. 1.
In the first embodiment, shown in fig. 1, the invention provides an alloy copper wire and a preparation method thereof, wherein the copper wire is composed of 50-80 parts of pure Cu, 40-60 parts of pure Al, 30-70 parts of Cu-Ni-Si and 60-100 parts of Al-Mg-Si alloy.
Cu-Ni-Si is composed of 3.8% Ni, 1.9% Si, 0.19% Mg and the balance Cu.
Al-Mg-Si is composed of 0.91% Si, 0.98% Mg and the balance Al.
The preparation method of the alloy copper wire comprises the following steps:
1) Preparing raw materials, namely weighing 50 parts of pure Cu, 40 parts of pure Al, 30 parts of Cu-Ni-Si and 60 parts of Al-Mg-Si alloy for later use;
2) Homogenizing heat treatment, namely homogenizing heat treatment is carried out on an as-cast structure of an Al-Mg-Si alloy for 24 hours, DSC analysis is carried out on an ingot, a temperature range of the homogenizing heat treatment of the alloy is determined, then a plurality of temperatures are selected in the range, small samples with the temperature of 10 x 12mm are taken on the ingot for homogenizing heat treatment, an optimal homogenizing heat treatment process is determined, homogenizing heat treatment is carried out on the ingot under the corresponding process, a water cooling mode is adopted on the samples in a laboratory state, so that the dissolution effect of a second phase after homogenization is better observed, and an air cooling mode is adopted on the ingot after homogenizing heat treatment;
3) Performing hot extrusion deformation, namely performing hot extrusion on the pure Al ingot and the homogenized Al-Mg-Si alloy round ingot at the temperature of 450 ℃ for 2 hours, and extruding the pure Al ingot and the homogenized Al-Mg-Si alloy round ingot into alloy bars with the diameter of phi 30mm by using an extruder; heat-preserving the pure Cu ingot and the Cu-Ni-Si round ingot at 960 ℃ for 2.5 hours, and then performing hot extrusion to obtain an alloy bar with the diameter of phi 30 mm;
4) Solution treatment, namely, cu-Ni-Si alloy is an aging strengthening alloy, and in order to enable alloy elements to be dissolved into a copper matrix as much as possible, extruded Cu-Ni-Si alloy bars are subjected to solution treatment;
5) Machining, namely performing numerical control lathe machining on the pure Al and Al-Mg-Si bars after hot extrusion, wherein in order to control the roughness of the surfaces of the bars, the machining speed of a lathe is required to be controlled, and the size of the bars after machining is phi 19.8mm;
6) And (3) sleeve drawing, namely sleeving a pure Al rod into a pure Cu pipe, sleeving an Al-Mg-Si rod into a Cu-Ni-Si pipe, carrying out cold drawing on a medium-sized broaching machine, carrying out multi-pass drawing deformation, drawing the wire diameter from phi 21.7mm to phi 3mm, carrying out fine multi-pass drawing on a small-sized drawing machine until the size is phi 1mm and the volume ratio of Cu to Cu-Ni-Si is kept at about 15%, and obtaining the alloy copper wire.
In the step of hot extrusion deformation, a UBE2500MN type horizontal extruder is adopted, and the outlet speed is 1m/s.
Surface treatment, namely cleaning the inner wall of the Cu-Ni-Si alloy pipe by dilute hydrochloric acid, removing an oxide layer on the surface, and removing oil stains on the inner wall by using acetone and alcohol; and polishing the surface of the machined Al-Mg-Si bar by fine sand paper, and cleaning sequentially by using acetone and alcohol.
In a second embodiment, shown in FIG. 1, the present invention provides an alloy copper wire and a method for producing the same, wherein the copper wire is composed of 50-80 parts of pure Cu, 40-60 parts of pure Al, 30-70 parts of Cu-Ni-Si and 60-100 parts of Al-Mg-Si alloy.
Cu-Ni-Si is composed of 3.8% Ni, 1.9% Si, 0.19% Mg and the balance Cu.
Al-Mg-Si is composed of 0.91% Si, 0.98% Mg and the balance Al.
The preparation method of the alloy copper wire comprises the following steps:
1) Preparing raw materials, namely weighing 80 parts of pure Cu, 60 parts of pure Al, 70 parts of Cu-Ni-Si and 100 parts of Al-Mg-Si alloy for later use;
2) Homogenizing heat treatment, namely homogenizing heat treatment is carried out on an as-cast structure of an Al-Mg-Si alloy for 24 hours, DSC analysis is carried out on an ingot, a temperature range of the homogenizing heat treatment of the alloy is determined, then a plurality of temperatures are selected in the range, small samples with the temperature of 10 x 12mm are taken on the ingot for homogenizing heat treatment, an optimal homogenizing heat treatment process is determined, homogenizing heat treatment is carried out on the ingot under the corresponding process, a water cooling mode is adopted on the samples in a laboratory state, so that the dissolution effect of a second phase after homogenization is better observed, and an air cooling mode is adopted on the ingot after homogenizing heat treatment;
3) Performing hot extrusion deformation, namely performing hot extrusion on the pure Al ingot and the homogenized Al-Mg-Si alloy round ingot at the temperature of 450 ℃ for 2 hours, and extruding the pure Al ingot and the homogenized Al-Mg-Si alloy round ingot into alloy bars with the diameter of phi 30mm by using an extruder; heat-preserving the pure Cu ingot and the Cu-Ni-Si round ingot at 960 ℃ for 2.5 hours, and then performing hot extrusion to obtain an alloy bar with the diameter of phi 30 mm;
4) Solution treatment, namely, cu-Ni-Si alloy is an aging strengthening alloy, and in order to enable alloy elements to be dissolved into a copper matrix as much as possible, extruded Cu-Ni-Si alloy bars are subjected to solution treatment;
5) Machining, namely performing numerical control lathe machining on the pure Al and Al-Mg-Si bars after hot extrusion, wherein in order to control the roughness of the surfaces of the bars, the machining speed of a lathe is required to be controlled, and the size of the bars after machining is phi 19.8mm;
6) And (3) sleeve drawing, namely sleeving a pure Al rod into a pure Cu pipe, sleeving an Al-Mg-Si rod into a Cu-Ni-Si pipe, carrying out cold drawing on a medium-sized broaching machine, carrying out multi-pass drawing deformation, drawing the wire diameter from phi 21.7mm to phi 3mm, carrying out fine multi-pass drawing on a small-sized drawing machine until the size is phi 1mm and the volume ratio of Cu to Cu-Ni-Si is kept at about 15%, and obtaining the alloy copper wire.
In the step of hot extrusion deformation, a UBE2500MN type horizontal extruder is adopted, and the outlet speed is 1m/s.
Surface treatment, namely cleaning the inner wall of the Cu-Ni-Si alloy pipe by dilute hydrochloric acid, removing an oxide layer on the surface, and removing oil stains on the inner wall by using acetone and alcohol; and polishing the surface of the machined Al-Mg-Si bar by fine sand paper, and cleaning sequentially by using acetone and alcohol.
The beneficial effects are that: the strength of the alloy copper wire processed by the process is doubled compared with that of a copper/aluminum composite wire, the weight of the alloy copper wire is reduced by more than 28% compared with that of a copper wire on the premise of ensuring the unit current-carrying capacity, a material foundation is provided for the application of a light high-strength wire in aerospace, and the prepared copper wire has the characteristics of low density, low elastic modulus, linear expansion coefficient close to that of an aluminum pipe outer conductor and high specific heat capacity, and meanwhile, the alloy copper wire can reduce cost, has higher strength and good crimping performance, and is not easy to deform during crimping and fastening.
Finally, it should be noted that: the foregoing description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and the present invention is not limited thereto, but it is to be understood that modifications and equivalents of some of the technical features described in the foregoing embodiments may be made by those skilled in the art, although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (5)

1. The preparation method of the alloy copper wire is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
1) Preparing raw materials, namely weighing 50-80 parts of pure Cu, 40-60 parts of pure Al, 30-70 parts of Cu-Ni-Si and 60-100 parts of Al-Mg-Si alloy for later use;
2) Homogenizing heat treatment, namely homogenizing heat treatment is carried out on an as-cast structure of an Al-Mg-Si alloy for 24 hours, DSC analysis is carried out on an ingot, a temperature range of the homogenizing heat treatment of the alloy is determined, then a plurality of temperatures are selected in the range, small samples with the temperature of 10 x 12mm are taken on the ingot for homogenizing heat treatment, an optimal homogenizing heat treatment process is determined, homogenizing heat treatment is carried out on the ingot under the corresponding process, a water cooling mode is adopted on the samples in a laboratory state, so that the dissolution effect of a second phase after homogenization is better observed, and an air cooling mode is adopted on the ingot after homogenizing heat treatment;
3) Performing hot extrusion deformation, namely performing hot extrusion on the pure Al ingot and the homogenized Al-Mg-Si alloy round ingot at the temperature of 450 ℃ for 2 hours, and extruding the pure Al ingot and the homogenized Al-Mg-Si alloy round ingot into alloy bars with the diameter of phi 30mm by using an extruder; heat-preserving the pure Cu ingot and the Cu-Ni-Si round ingot at 960 ℃ for 2.5 hours, and then performing hot extrusion to obtain an alloy bar with the diameter of phi 30 mm;
4) Solution treatment, namely, cu-Ni-Si alloy is an aging strengthening alloy, and in order to enable alloy elements to be dissolved into a copper matrix as much as possible, extruded Cu-Ni-Si alloy bars are subjected to solution treatment;
5) Machining, namely performing numerical control lathe machining on the pure Al and Al-Mg-Si bars after hot extrusion, wherein in order to control the roughness of the surfaces of the bars, the machining speed of a lathe is required to be controlled, and the size of the bars after machining is phi 19.8mm;
6) And (3) sleeve drawing, namely sleeving a pure Al rod into a pure Cu pipe, sleeving an Al-Mg-Si rod into a Cu-Ni-Si pipe, carrying out cold drawing on a medium-sized broaching machine, carrying out multi-pass drawing deformation, drawing the wire diameter from phi 21.7mm to phi 3mm, carrying out fine multi-pass drawing on a small-sized drawing machine until the size is phi 1mm and the volume ratio of Cu to Cu-Ni-Si is kept at about 15%, and obtaining the alloy copper wire.
2. The method for producing an alloy copper wire according to claim 1, wherein in the step of hot extrusion deformation, a UBE2500MN type horizontal extruder is used, and the outlet speed is 1m/s.
3. The method for preparing an alloy copper wire according to claim 1, wherein the surface treatment comprises the steps of cleaning the inner wall of a Cu-Ni-Si alloy pipe with dilute hydrochloric acid, removing an oxide layer on the surface, and removing oil stains on the inner wall with acetone and alcohol; and polishing the surface of the machined Al-Mg-Si bar by fine sand paper, and cleaning sequentially by using acetone and alcohol.
4. An alloy wire according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein said Cu-Ni-Si consists of 3.8% Ni, 1.9% Si, 0.19% Mg and the balance Cu.
5. An alloyed copper wire according to claim 4 wherein the Al-Mg-Si consists of 0.91% Si, 0.98% Mg and the balance Al.
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CN115804872B (en) * 2022-11-29 2024-02-27 上海交通大学 Application of degradable magnesium-based metal wire in preparation of fat-soluble material

Citations (4)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR20000008334A (en) * 1998-07-13 2000-02-07 정정원 Preparation method for copper-nickel-manganese-tin alloy for high strength rod wire and sheet
CN104478415A (en) * 2014-12-23 2015-04-01 山东万乔集团有限公司 Alumina-basedcomplex-phasewear-resisting plate and preparation method thereof
CN109801756A (en) * 2017-11-17 2019-05-24 北京有色金属研究总院 A kind of Copper-Aluminum compound wire rod preparation method
JP2020084278A (en) * 2018-11-28 2020-06-04 昭和電工株式会社 Al-Mg-Si-BASED ALUMINUM ALLOY EXTRUSION PULL-OUT MEMBER AND MANUFACTURING METHOD THEREFOR

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Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR20000008334A (en) * 1998-07-13 2000-02-07 정정원 Preparation method for copper-nickel-manganese-tin alloy for high strength rod wire and sheet
CN104478415A (en) * 2014-12-23 2015-04-01 山东万乔集团有限公司 Alumina-basedcomplex-phasewear-resisting plate and preparation method thereof
CN109801756A (en) * 2017-11-17 2019-05-24 北京有色金属研究总院 A kind of Copper-Aluminum compound wire rod preparation method
JP2020084278A (en) * 2018-11-28 2020-06-04 昭和電工株式会社 Al-Mg-Si-BASED ALUMINUM ALLOY EXTRUSION PULL-OUT MEMBER AND MANUFACTURING METHOD THEREFOR

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