CN113593748A - Alloy copper wire and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Alloy copper wire and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN113593748A CN113593748A CN202110586837.9A CN202110586837A CN113593748A CN 113593748 A CN113593748 A CN 113593748A CN 202110586837 A CN202110586837 A CN 202110586837A CN 113593748 A CN113593748 A CN 113593748A
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- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B1/00—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors
- H01B1/02—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors mainly consisting of metals or alloys
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B13/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing conductors or cables
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B13/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing conductors or cables
- H01B13/0006—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing conductors or cables for reducing the size of conductors or cables
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B13/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing conductors or cables
- H01B13/0016—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing conductors or cables for heat treatment
Abstract
An alloy copper wire and a preparation method thereof, wherein the copper wire consists of 50-80 parts of pure Cu, 40-60 parts of pure Al, 30-70 parts of Cu-Ni-Si and 60-100 parts of Al-Mg-Si alloy, and the preparation of raw materials comprises the steps of weighing 50-80 parts of pure Cu, 40-60 parts of pure Al, 30-70 parts of Cu-Ni-Si and 60-100 parts of Al-Mg-Si alloy for later use; the method comprises the following steps of carrying out homogenization heat treatment on an as-cast structure of the Al-Mg-Si alloy for 24 hours, firstly carrying out DSC analysis on an ingot to determine the temperature range of the alloy homogenization heat treatment, then selecting a plurality of temperatures in the range, and carrying out the homogenization heat treatment on a small sample of 10 x 12mm on the ingot, wherein the strength of the alloy copper wire processed by the process is doubled compared with that of a copper/aluminum composite wire, and the weight of the alloy copper wire is reduced by more than 28% compared with that of a copper wire on the premise of ensuring unit current-carrying capacity, so that a material basis is provided for the application of a light high-strength wire in aerospace.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to copper wire preparation, in particular to an alloy copper wire and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The electric wire and cable is an electrical wire product for transmitting electric energy, transmitting information and realizing electromagnetic energy conversion, and plays a very important role in national economy. Metallic conductors are the basic material and important constituents of wire and cable. The development of metal materials and the improvement of performance have great influence on the technical development of the wire and cable. Practice proves that in order to ensure the performance and the service life of the electric wire and the electric cable, the structure and the performance of the metal conductor must be studied deeply; typically, the wire and cable conductor material is a single metal, most commonly aluminum and copper. Copper has the characteristics of good electrical and thermal conductivity, high chemical stability and good mechanical property, and in order to further improve the mechanical property of copper and improve the corrosion resistance, wear resistance and heat resistance of copper, people also research make internal disorder or usurp and develop silver copper, rare earth copper alloy, copper nickel silicon alloy and the like for wires and cables. Aluminum is second only to copper and silver in conductivity, has light specific gravity and good plasticity, and is also used for conductive materials. Aluminum alloys, such as aluminum-magnesium-silicon alloys, can improve the tensile strength, heat resistance and other properties of pure aluminum on the premise of not reducing or reducing the conductivity as little as possible.
The traditional copper/aluminum composite wire is made of pure copper and pure aluminum, the prepared composite wire is low in strength and poor in crimping performance, deformation and even breakage are easy to occur during crimping and fastening, and the aerospace aircraft has high requirements on the performance of the material, so that the application of the composite wire is severely limited.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the situation, in order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention provides an alloy copper wire and a preparation method thereof, which effectively solve the problems that the inner and outer surfaces are generally only dried when the existing packaging box is dried, the internal drying effect is poor, and meanwhile, a packing belt is easy to drop off during packing and is not beneficial to packing.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme: the copper wire consists of 50-80 parts of pure Cu, 40-60 parts of pure Al, 30-70 parts of Cu-Ni-Si and 60-100 parts of Al-Mg-Si alloy.
According to the technical scheme: the Cu-Ni-Si is composed of 3.8% of Ni, 1.9% of Si, 0.19% of Mg and the balance of Cu.
According to the technical scheme: the Al-Mg-Si is composed of 0.91% of Si, 0.98% of Mg and the balance of Al.
A preparation method of an alloy copper wire comprises the following steps:
1) preparing raw materials, namely weighing 50-80 parts of pure Cu, 40-60 parts of pure Al, 30-70 parts of Cu-Ni-Si and 60-100 parts of Al-Mg-Si alloy for later use;
2) carrying out homogenization heat treatment on an as-cast structure of the Al-Mg-Si alloy for 24h, firstly carrying out DSC analysis on the cast ingot, determining the temperature range of the alloy homogenization heat treatment, then selecting a plurality of temperatures in the range, taking a small sample of 10 x 12mm from the cast ingot for homogenization heat treatment, determining the optimal homogenization heat treatment process, carrying out the homogenization heat treatment on the cast ingot under the corresponding process, adopting a water cooling mode for the sample in a laboratory state, thus better observing the redissolution effect of the homogenized second phase, and adopting an air cooling mode for the cast ingot after the homogenization heat treatment;
3) carrying out hot extrusion and deformation, namely, carrying out heat preservation on a pure Al ingot and the homogenized Al-Mg-Si alloy round ingot at 450 ℃ for 2h, and then carrying out hot extrusion by using an extruder to extrude an alloy bar material with the phi of 30 mm; keeping the temperature of a pure Cu ingot and a Cu-Ni-Si round ingot at 960 ℃ for 2.5h, performing hot extrusion, and extruding into an alloy bar material with the phi of 30 mm;
4) solution treatment, wherein the Cu-Ni-Si alloy is an aging strengthening alloy, and in order to enable alloy elements to be dissolved in a copper matrix as much as possible, the extruded Cu-Ni-Si alloy bar is subjected to solution treatment;
5) machining, namely performing numerical control lathe machining on the hot extruded pure Al and Al-Mg-Si bars, wherein the machining speed of a lathe needs to be controlled in order to control the surface roughness of the bars, and the size of the bars after machining is phi 19.8 mm; carrying out machine tool drilling and deep hole machining on the pure Cu and Cu-Ni-Si alloy subjected to hot extrusion to prepare a pipe with the inner diameter phi of 20mm, wherein the quality of the inner wall of the pipe has an important influence on composite machining, and through comparison and experiments, a deep hole machining method with small roughness of the inner wall is selected to prepare the pipe, and the outer diameter of the pipe is subjected to numerical control machine tool machining, and is phi 21.7 mm;
6) and (2) sleeve drawing, namely sleeving a pure Al rod into a pure Cu pipe, sleeving an Al-Mg-Si rod into a Cu-Ni-Si pipe, performing cold drawing on a medium-sized drawing machine, drawing the Al-Mg-Si rod from phi 21.7mm to phi 3mm in linear diameter size after multi-pass drawing deformation, performing fine multi-pass drawing on a small drawing machine until the sizes of phi 1mm and phi 0.5mm are obtained, and keeping the volume ratio of Cu to Cu-Ni-Si at about 15% to obtain the alloy copper wire.
According to the technical scheme: in the step of hot extrusion and deformation, a UBE2500MN type horizontal extruder is adopted, and the outlet speed is 1 m/s.
According to the technical scheme: the surface treatment comprises the steps of cleaning the inner wall of a Cu-Ni-Si alloy tube by using dilute hydrochloric acid, removing an oxide layer on the surface, and removing oil stains on the inner wall by using acetone and alcohol; and (3) polishing the surface of the machined Al-Mg-Si bar by using fine sand paper, and sequentially cleaning the surface by using acetone and alcohol.
Has the advantages that: the strength of the alloy copper wire processed by the process is doubled compared with that of a copper/aluminum composite wire, the weight of the alloy copper wire is reduced by more than 28% compared with that of a copper wire on the premise of ensuring unit current-carrying capacity, and a material foundation is provided for application of a light high-strength wire in aerospace.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the principles of the invention and not to limit the invention. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of the system of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following describes the present invention in further detail with reference to fig. 1.
In the first embodiment, shown in figure 1, the invention provides an alloy copper wire and a preparation method thereof, wherein the copper wire consists of 50-80 parts of pure Cu, 40-60 parts of pure Al, 30-70 parts of Cu-Ni-Si and 60-100 parts of Al-Mg-Si alloy.
Cu-Ni-Si is composed of 3.8% Ni, 1.9% Si, 0.19% Mg and the balance Cu.
Al-Mg-Si is composed of 0.91% Si, 0.98% Mg and the balance of Al.
A preparation method of an alloy copper wire comprises the following steps:
1) preparing raw materials, namely weighing 50 parts of pure Cu, 40 parts of pure Al, 30 parts of Cu-Ni-Si and 60 parts of Al-Mg-Si alloy for later use;
2) carrying out homogenization heat treatment on an as-cast structure of the Al-Mg-Si alloy for 24h, firstly carrying out DSC analysis on the cast ingot, determining the temperature range of the alloy homogenization heat treatment, then selecting a plurality of temperatures in the range, taking a small sample of 10 x 12mm from the cast ingot for homogenization heat treatment, determining the optimal homogenization heat treatment process, carrying out the homogenization heat treatment on the cast ingot under the corresponding process, adopting a water cooling mode for the sample in a laboratory state, thus better observing the redissolution effect of the homogenized second phase, and adopting an air cooling mode for the cast ingot after the homogenization heat treatment;
3) carrying out hot extrusion and deformation, namely, carrying out heat preservation on a pure Al ingot and the homogenized Al-Mg-Si alloy round ingot at 450 ℃ for 2h, and then carrying out hot extrusion by using an extruder to extrude an alloy bar material with the phi of 30 mm; keeping the temperature of a pure Cu ingot and a Cu-Ni-Si round ingot at 960 ℃ for 2.5h, performing hot extrusion, and extruding into an alloy bar material with the phi of 30 mm;
4) solution treatment, wherein the Cu-Ni-Si alloy is an aging strengthening alloy, and in order to enable alloy elements to be dissolved in a copper matrix as much as possible, the extruded Cu-Ni-Si alloy bar is subjected to solution treatment;
5) machining, namely performing numerical control lathe machining on the hot extruded pure Al and Al-Mg-Si bars, wherein the machining speed of a lathe needs to be controlled in order to control the surface roughness of the bars, and the size of the bars after machining is phi 19.8 mm; carrying out machine tool drilling and deep hole machining on the pure Cu and Cu-Ni-Si alloy subjected to hot extrusion to prepare a pipe with the inner diameter phi of 20mm, wherein the quality of the inner wall of the pipe has an important influence on composite machining, and through comparison and experiments, a deep hole machining method with small roughness of the inner wall is selected to prepare the pipe, and the outer diameter of the pipe is subjected to numerical control machine tool machining, and is phi 21.7 mm;
6) and (2) sleeve drawing, namely sleeving a pure Al rod into a pure Cu pipe, sleeving an Al-Mg-Si rod into a Cu-Ni-Si pipe, performing cold drawing on a medium-sized drawing machine, drawing the Al-Mg-Si rod from phi 21.7mm to phi 3mm in linear diameter size after multi-pass drawing deformation, performing fine multi-pass drawing on a small drawing machine until the sizes of phi 1mm and phi 0.5mm are obtained, and keeping the volume ratio of Cu to Cu-Ni-Si at about 15% to obtain the alloy copper wire.
In the step of hot extrusion and deformation, a UBE2500MN type horizontal extruder is adopted, and the outlet speed is 1 m/s.
Surface treatment, namely cleaning the inner wall of the Cu-Ni-Si alloy tube by using dilute hydrochloric acid to remove an oxide layer on the surface, and removing oil stains on the inner wall by using acetone and alcohol; and (3) polishing the surface of the machined Al-Mg-Si bar by using fine sand paper, and sequentially cleaning the surface by using acetone and alcohol.
In the second embodiment, as shown in FIG. 1, the invention provides an alloy copper wire and a preparation method thereof, wherein the copper wire consists of 50-80 parts of pure Cu, 40-60 parts of pure Al, 30-70 parts of Cu-Ni-Si and 60-100 parts of Al-Mg-Si alloy.
Cu-Ni-Si is composed of 3.8% Ni, 1.9% Si, 0.19% Mg and the balance Cu.
Al-Mg-Si is composed of 0.91% Si, 0.98% Mg and the balance of Al.
A preparation method of an alloy copper wire comprises the following steps:
1) preparing raw materials, namely weighing 80 parts of pure Cu, 60 parts of pure Al, 70 parts of Cu-Ni-Si and 100 parts of Al-Mg-Si alloy for later use;
2) carrying out homogenization heat treatment on an as-cast structure of the Al-Mg-Si alloy for 24h, firstly carrying out DSC analysis on the cast ingot, determining the temperature range of the alloy homogenization heat treatment, then selecting a plurality of temperatures in the range, taking a small sample of 10 x 12mm from the cast ingot for homogenization heat treatment, determining the optimal homogenization heat treatment process, carrying out the homogenization heat treatment on the cast ingot under the corresponding process, adopting a water cooling mode for the sample in a laboratory state, thus better observing the redissolution effect of the homogenized second phase, and adopting an air cooling mode for the cast ingot after the homogenization heat treatment;
3) carrying out hot extrusion and deformation, namely, carrying out heat preservation on a pure Al ingot and the homogenized Al-Mg-Si alloy round ingot at 450 ℃ for 2h, and then carrying out hot extrusion by using an extruder to extrude an alloy bar material with the phi of 30 mm; keeping the temperature of a pure Cu ingot and a Cu-Ni-Si round ingot at 960 ℃ for 2.5h, performing hot extrusion, and extruding into an alloy bar material with the phi of 30 mm;
4) solution treatment, wherein the Cu-Ni-Si alloy is an aging strengthening alloy, and in order to enable alloy elements to be dissolved in a copper matrix as much as possible, the extruded Cu-Ni-Si alloy bar is subjected to solution treatment;
5) machining, namely performing numerical control lathe machining on the hot extruded pure Al and Al-Mg-Si bars, wherein the machining speed of a lathe needs to be controlled in order to control the surface roughness of the bars, and the size of the bars after machining is phi 19.8 mm; carrying out machine tool drilling and deep hole machining on the pure Cu and Cu-Ni-Si alloy subjected to hot extrusion to prepare a pipe with the inner diameter phi of 20mm, wherein the quality of the inner wall of the pipe has an important influence on composite machining, and through comparison and experiments, a deep hole machining method with small roughness of the inner wall is selected to prepare the pipe, and the outer diameter of the pipe is subjected to numerical control machine tool machining, and is phi 21.7 mm;
6) and (2) sleeve drawing, namely sleeving a pure Al rod into a pure Cu pipe, sleeving an Al-Mg-Si rod into a Cu-Ni-Si pipe, performing cold drawing on a medium-sized drawing machine, drawing the Al-Mg-Si rod from phi 21.7mm to phi 3mm in linear diameter size after multi-pass drawing deformation, performing fine multi-pass drawing on a small drawing machine until the sizes of phi 1mm and phi 0.5mm are obtained, and keeping the volume ratio of Cu to Cu-Ni-Si at about 15% to obtain the alloy copper wire.
In the step of hot extrusion and deformation, a UBE2500MN type horizontal extruder is adopted, and the outlet speed is 1 m/s.
Surface treatment, namely cleaning the inner wall of the Cu-Ni-Si alloy tube by using dilute hydrochloric acid to remove an oxide layer on the surface, and removing oil stains on the inner wall by using acetone and alcohol; and (3) polishing the surface of the machined Al-Mg-Si bar by using fine sand paper, and sequentially cleaning the surface by using acetone and alcohol.
Has the advantages that: the strength of the alloy copper wire processed by the process is doubled compared with that of a copper/aluminum composite wire, the weight of the alloy copper wire is reduced by more than 28% compared with that of a copper wire on the premise of ensuring unit current-carrying capacity, and a material foundation is provided for application of a light high-strength wire in aerospace.
Finally, it should be noted that: although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that changes may be made in the embodiments and/or equivalents thereof without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. An alloy copper wire, which is characterized in that: the copper wire consists of 50-80 parts of pure Cu, 40-60 parts of pure Al, 30-70 parts of Cu-Ni-Si and 60-100 parts of Al-Mg-Si alloy.
2. The alloyed copper wire according to claim 1, wherein the Cu-Ni-Si is composed of 3.8% of Ni, 1.9% of Si, 0.19% of Mg, and the balance being Cu.
3. The alloyed copper wire according to claim 1, wherein the Al-Mg-Si is composed of 0.91% Si, 0.98% Mg, and the balance Al.
4. The preparation method of the alloy copper wire is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
1) preparing raw materials, namely weighing 50-80 parts of pure Cu, 40-60 parts of pure Al, 30-70 parts of Cu-Ni-Si and 60-100 parts of Al-Mg-Si alloy for later use;
2) carrying out homogenization heat treatment on an as-cast structure of the Al-Mg-Si alloy for 24h, firstly carrying out DSC analysis on the cast ingot, determining the temperature range of the alloy homogenization heat treatment, then selecting a plurality of temperatures in the range, taking a small sample of 10 x 12mm from the cast ingot for homogenization heat treatment, determining the optimal homogenization heat treatment process, carrying out the homogenization heat treatment on the cast ingot under the corresponding process, adopting a water cooling mode for the sample in a laboratory state, thus better observing the redissolution effect of the homogenized second phase, and adopting an air cooling mode for the cast ingot after the homogenization heat treatment;
3) carrying out hot extrusion and deformation, namely, carrying out heat preservation on a pure Al ingot and the homogenized Al-Mg-Si alloy round ingot at 450 ℃ for 2h, and then carrying out hot extrusion by using an extruder to extrude an alloy bar material with the phi of 30 mm; keeping the temperature of a pure Cu ingot and a Cu-Ni-Si round ingot at 960 ℃ for 2.5h, performing hot extrusion, and extruding into an alloy bar material with the phi of 30 mm;
4) solution treatment, wherein the Cu-Ni-Si alloy is an aging strengthening alloy, and in order to enable alloy elements to be dissolved in a copper matrix as much as possible, the extruded Cu-Ni-Si alloy bar is subjected to solution treatment;
5) machining, namely performing numerical control lathe machining on the hot extruded pure Al and Al-Mg-Si bars, wherein the machining speed of a lathe needs to be controlled in order to control the surface roughness of the bars, and the size of the bars after machining is phi 19.8 mm; carrying out machine tool drilling and deep hole machining on the pure Cu and Cu-Ni-Si alloy subjected to hot extrusion to prepare a pipe with the inner diameter phi of 20mm, wherein the quality of the inner wall of the pipe has an important influence on composite machining, and through comparison and experiments, a deep hole machining method with small roughness of the inner wall is selected to prepare the pipe, and the outer diameter of the pipe is subjected to numerical control machine tool machining, and is phi 21.7 mm;
6) and (2) sleeve drawing, namely sleeving a pure Al rod into a pure Cu pipe, sleeving an Al-Mg-Si rod into a Cu-Ni-Si pipe, performing cold drawing on a medium-sized drawing machine, drawing the Al-Mg-Si rod from phi 21.7mm to phi 3mm in linear diameter size after multi-pass drawing deformation, performing fine multi-pass drawing on a small drawing machine until the sizes of phi 1mm and phi 0.5mm are obtained, and keeping the volume ratio of Cu to Cu-Ni-Si at about 15% to obtain the alloy copper wire.
5. The method for preparing an alloyed copper wire according to claim 4, wherein in the step of hot extrusion forming, a UBE2500MN type horizontal extruder is used, and the outlet speed is 1 m/s.
6. The method for preparing the alloy copper wire according to claim 4, wherein the surface treatment comprises the steps of cleaning the inner wall of the Cu-Ni-Si alloy tube with diluted hydrochloric acid to remove an oxide layer on the surface, and removing oil stains on the inner wall with acetone and alcohol; and (3) polishing the surface of the machined Al-Mg-Si bar by using fine sand paper, and sequentially cleaning the surface by using acetone and alcohol.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115804872A (en) * | 2022-11-29 | 2023-03-17 | 上海交通大学 | Application of degradable magnesium-based metal wire in preparation of fat dissolving material |
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| JP2020084278A (en) * | 2018-11-28 | 2020-06-04 | 昭和電工株式会社 | Al-Mg-Si-BASED ALUMINUM ALLOY EXTRUSION PULL-OUT MEMBER AND MANUFACTURING METHOD THEREFOR |
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| KR20000008334A (en) * | 1998-07-13 | 2000-02-07 | 정정원 | Preparation method for copper-nickel-manganese-tin alloy for high strength rod wire and sheet |
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| CN115804872B (en) * | 2022-11-29 | 2024-02-27 | 上海交通大学 | Application of degradable magnesium-based metal wire in preparation of fat-soluble material |
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