CN113589435A - Full passive polarization quantum state chromatography method and chip - Google Patents
Full passive polarization quantum state chromatography method and chip Download PDFInfo
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
- G02B6/26—Optical coupling means
- G02B6/28—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals
- G02B6/2804—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals forming multipart couplers without wavelength selective elements, e.g. "T" couplers, star couplers
- G02B6/2808—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals forming multipart couplers without wavelength selective elements, e.g. "T" couplers, star couplers using a mixing element which evenly distributes an input signal over a number of outputs
- G02B6/2813—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals forming multipart couplers without wavelength selective elements, e.g. "T" couplers, star couplers using a mixing element which evenly distributes an input signal over a number of outputs based on multimode interference effect, i.e. self-imaging
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
- G02B6/26—Optical coupling means
- G02B6/27—Optical coupling means with polarisation selective and adjusting means
- G02B6/2706—Optical coupling means with polarisation selective and adjusting means as bulk elements, i.e. free space arrangements external to a light guide, e.g. polarising beam splitters
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
- G02B6/26—Optical coupling means
- G02B6/27—Optical coupling means with polarisation selective and adjusting means
- G02B6/2753—Optical coupling means with polarisation selective and adjusting means characterised by their function or use, i.e. of the complete device
- G02B6/2773—Polarisation splitting or combining
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
- G02B6/26—Optical coupling means
- G02B6/28—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals
- G02B6/2804—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals forming multipart couplers without wavelength selective elements, e.g. "T" couplers, star couplers
- G02B6/2861—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals forming multipart couplers without wavelength selective elements, e.g. "T" couplers, star couplers using fibre optic delay lines and optical elements associated with them, e.g. for use in signal processing, e.g. filtering
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
- H04B10/70—Photonic quantum communication
Abstract
The invention discloses a full passive polarization quantum state chromatography method and a chip. The method comprises the following steps: 1) converting the polarization information of the optical signal to be detected into path information by using an on-chip integrated polarization-path converter, and respectively outputting the path information through 2n paths of waveguides; 2) leading out the optical signal in each path of waveguide to 3n paths through an on-chip integrated multimode interferometer and a waveguide cross device, and dividing path information into 6n paths of output light; 3) combining output light on 6n paths into 3n same input quantum states pairwise by using a waveguide interleaver; 4) each input quantum state is divided into two paths of outputs respectively, and each path of output is measured by utilizing an on-chip integrated superconducting single photon detector, so that the input quantum state can be measured under the projection basis vector of any two-dimensional unitary matrix; 5) and fitting the measurement result to reconstruct a density matrix of a quantum state, thereby realizing the chromatographic measurement of the quantum state. The invention simplifies the complicated quantum state chromatography process, is full-automatic and has strong expansibility.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of quantum chips, in particular to a chip design which converts polarization information of a light quantum state into path information by utilizing a polarization beam splitter and a rotator on a chip, performs monolithic integration with an on-chip superconducting nanowire single photon detector, can perform direct quantum chromatography on the polarization quantum state and finishes direct result output.
Background
The polarization-encoded light quantum bit loads quantum information into the polarization information, has the advantages of simple preparation, convenient operation and control, excellent performance and the like, and is widely applied to the fields of quantum key distribution, quantum calculation, quantum information and the like. The accurate detection and measurement of the optical qubits are of great significance in the completion of quantum information processing, transmission, calculation, and the like. The quantum superposition principle and the probabilistic nature of the wave function ensure that one-time measurement is not enough to reflect all information of an unknown quantum state, and the whole information of the quantum state to be measured can be obtained only by carrying out multiple projection measurements under different measurement basis vectors, so that the unknown quantum state is completely characterized.
In order to realize quantum state chromatography, the traditional method needs a complex adjustable optical device and a large number of data collecting and analyzing devices, and the expansibility and the practicability of a quantum information system are greatly limited by redundant control and measurement means.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the existing polarization coding light quantum state chromatography technology, the invention aims to provide a full passive polarization quantum state chromatography method and a chip.
For the traditional polarized light quantum state chromatography technology, bulk optical devices such as a polarizing plate and a wave plate, an optical fiber coupling detector and the like need to be arranged to perform quantum state projection measurement of different measurement bases. For example, for single-bit quantum state measurement, at least 3 sets of different measurement basis vectors need to be configured and measured, and for 2-bit quantum state, 9 sets of different measurement basis vectors need to be configured and jointly measured. The invention integrates the polarization-path conversion structure and the corresponding configuration of different measurement basis vectors on a chip at one time, outputs the quantum state to different measurement basis vectors through a beam splitter, and directly counts and measures photons by utilizing a superconducting single photon detector integrated on the chip, thereby realizing full-automatic polarization encoding quantum state chromatography and result reading.
The invention can well avoid the setting and changing process of various basic vectors required by the quantum state chromatography, simplifies and fully automates the complicated quantum state chromatography process, and the integrated quantum optical scheme has strong expansibility.
Aiming at the above purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows:
a full passive polarized quantum state chromatography method comprises the following steps:
1) converting the polarization information of the optical signal to be detected into path information by using an on-chip integrated polarization-path converter, and respectively outputting the path information through 2n paths of waveguides;
2) leading out the optical signal in each path of waveguide to 3n paths through an on-chip integrated multimode interferometer and a waveguide cross device, and dividing the path information into 6n paths of output light;
3) combining output light on 6n paths into 3n same input quantum states pairwise by using a waveguide interleaver;
4) dividing each input quantum state obtained in the step 3) into two paths of outputs respectively, and measuring each path of output by utilizing an on-chip integrated superconducting single photon detector to realize measurement of the input quantum state under any two-dimensional unitary matrix projection basis vector; wherein, for the measurement under the Pagli Z base, the superconducting single-photon detector is directly used for measurement; for the measurement under the Pouli X base, dividing the input quantum state into two paths through a multimode interferometer and a zero-degree phase shifter, measuring each path of output by using a superconducting single-photon detector, and reading the counting rate of the superconducting single-photon detector to obtain an X base measurement result; for measurement under the Pouli Y base, dividing the input quantum state into two paths through a multimode interferometer and a 90-degree phase shifter, measuring each path of output by using a superconducting single-photon detector, and reading the counting rate of the superconducting single-photon detector to obtain a Y base measurement result;
5) and fitting the measurement result to reconstruct a density matrix of a quantum state, thereby realizing the chromatographic measurement of the quantum state.
Further, when n is 1, the measurement result is the measurement of a single quantum bit.
Further, the 90-degree phase shifter is realized by delay of fixed optical waveguide.
Further, the method for integrating the superconducting single photon detector on the chip comprises the following steps: firstly, manufacturing an optical waveguide on a chip, and then processing a super-nano-wire single-photon detector structure on the surface of the optical waveguide.
Furthermore, a superconducting nano-wire single-photon detector structure is processed on the surface of the optical waveguide by adopting a superconducting thin film material deposition, deep ultraviolet lithography or dry etching process.
Further, the method for integrating the superconducting single photon detector on the chip comprises the following steps: the optical waveguide and the nanowire structure are independently processed, and then the processed optical waveguide and the nanowire structure are bonded on a chip.
Further, the polarization-path converter is a polarization beam splitting and rotator structure; the method comprises the steps that firstly, horizontal and vertical polarization of an optical signal to be tested is converted into a transverse electric mode TE and a transverse magnetic mode TM in a waveguide by using a polarization beam splitting structure, and then the transverse magnetic mode TM is rotated into the transverse electric mode TE by using a polarization rotator, so that polarization information is converted into path information; the quantum state of the optical signal to be measured is | phi > ═ a | H > + b | V >, and the quantum state converted to the waveguide is | psi > + a |0> + b |1 >.
A full passive polarization quantum state chromatography chip is characterized by comprising a polarization-path converter, a plurality of multimode interferometers, a plurality of waveguide crossbars and a plurality of single photon detectors; wherein
The polarization-path converter is used for converting polarization information of the input optical signal to be detected into path information and respectively inputting the path information into the first multimode interferometer and the second multimode interferometer through the waveguide;
one output end of the first multimode interferometer is connected with one input end of the third multimode interferometer through a waveguide, and the other output end of the first multimode interferometer is connected with one input end of the first waveguide cross device through the waveguide; one output end of the second multi-mode interferometer is connected with one input end of the fourth multi-mode interferometer through a waveguide, and the other output end of the second multi-mode interferometer is connected with the other input end of the first waveguide cross device through a waveguide;
one output end of the third multimode interferometer is connected with the first phase modulator through a waveguide, and the other output end of the third multimode interferometer is connected with one input end of the second waveguide cross device through a waveguide; the output end of the first phase modulator is connected with one input end of the fifth multimode interferometer through a waveguide;
one output end of the first waveguide interleaver is connected with one input end of the second waveguide interleaver through a waveguide, and the other output end of the first waveguide interleaver is connected with one input end of the third waveguide interleaver through a waveguide; one output end of the second waveguide cross device is connected with the other input end of the fifth multimode interferometer through a waveguide, the other output end of the second waveguide cross device is connected with the second phase modulator through a waveguide, and the output end of the second phase modulator is connected with one input end of the sixth multimode interferometer through a waveguide;
one output end of the fourth multimode interferometer is connected with one input end of the third waveguide cross device through a waveguide, and the other output end of the fourth multimode interferometer is connected with the seventh multimode interferometer through a waveguide; one output end of the third waveguide interleaver is connected with the other input end of the sixth multimode interferometer through a waveguide, the other output end of the third waveguide interleaver is connected with the third phase modulator through a waveguide, and the output end of the third phase modulator is connected with the seventh multimode interferometer through a waveguide;
a branch behind the fifth multimode interferometer is provided with a zero-degree or 180-degree phase shifter, the output end of the phase shifter is connected with the second single-photon detector through a waveguide, and the other output end of the phase shifter is connected with the first single-photon detector through a waveguide;
a branch behind the sixth multimode interferometer is provided with a first 90-degree phase shifter, the output end of the first 90-degree phase shifter is connected with the fourth single-photon detector through a waveguide, and the other output end of the first 90-degree phase shifter is connected with the third single-photon detector through a waveguide;
and a second 90-degree phase shifter is arranged on a branch circuit behind the seventh multimode interferometer, the output end of the second 90-degree phase shifter is connected with the sixth single-photon detector through a waveguide, and the other output end of the second 90-degree phase shifter is connected with the fifth single-photon detector through a waveguide.
The main content of the invention comprises:
1. the polarization information of the optical signal to be measured is converted into path information by using an on-chip integrated polarization beam splitter and rotator structure (as shown in fig. 3), wherein horizontal and vertical polarizations of the optical signal to be measured are first converted into a transverse electric mode (TE) and a transverse magnetic mode (TM) in the waveguide by using a polarization beam splitter PBS, and the TM mode is rotated into the TE mode by using an on-chip polarization rotator PR, thereby converting the polarization information into the path information. When the input quantum state is | phi > - [ a | H > + b | V >, the quantum state converted to the waveguide is | psi > - [ a |0> + b |1 >; a. b is an arbitrary complex number and satisfies that the sum of squares equals 0, for representing an arbitrary quantum state, H represents the horizontal polarization state, and V represents the vertical polarization state. Other polarization-path conversion structures such as two-dimensional gratings, etc. may also be used to achieve the same effect.
2. Leading out optical signals in each waveguide of the two paths of waveguides to three paths by integrated 4 multimode interferometers (MMIs) and a waveguide cross device, wherein the total number of the optical signals is 6; each waveguide is connected to a multimode interferometer (MMI) for directing the optical signal in one of the waveguides to three paths. The multimode interferometer divides one path of input light into two paths of output light with equal intensity by utilizing the self-imaging effect in the multimode waveguide, and realizes the function similar to an optical beam splitter in a free space.
3. Two waveguide interleavers (crossers) are used to combine 6 paths two by two into 3 identical quantum states. Since the waveguides on the chip need to be crossed, but the crosstalk between the waveguides is not desirable, the waveguide cross-over device designs a cross-over area after widening the waveguides, so as to avoid the mutual influence of optical fields of different waveguides during crossing as much as possible.
4. The on-chip integration of the superconducting single photon detector can adopt the processes of superconducting thin film material deposition, deep ultraviolet lithography, dry etching and the like to process a superconducting nanowire single photon detector structure on the surface of an optical waveguide, and also can adopt a method of independently processing the waveguide and the superconducting nanowire single photon detector first and then bonding chips.
5. After each input quantum state, a multimode interferometer and a fixed phase shifter are utilized, measurement of the quantum state under the projection basis vector of any two-dimensional unitary matrix can be realized, measurement of the quantum state under the projection basis vectors of 3 Pagli matrices is needed to realize quantum state chromatography, and the Pagli matrix can be written as follows:
6. for the measurement under the Poilli Z base, the Mach-Zehnder interferometer in front of the detector in FIG. 1 is set to be in a direct-connection working state (a zero-degree or 180-degree phase shifter is arranged on a branch behind the fifth multimode interferometer); for measurements under the X-base, the mach-zehnder interferometer composed of a multimode interferometer and a zero-degree phase shifter is set to 1: 1, the state of the beam splitter (a 90-degree phase shifter is arranged on a branch behind the sixth multimode interferometer), and the counting rate of the superconducting detector is read to obtain an X-based measurement result. The same principle applies to the measurement on the Y basis, consisting of a multimode interferometer and a 90-degree phase shifter, and differs from the measurement on the X basis in that the phase shifter before the multimode interferometer is also set to 90 degrees. The 90-degree phase shifter can be realized by delay in fixing the optical waveguide, and the counting rate obtained by reading the superconducting detector is the Y-based measurement result.
7. For the measurement of single quantum bit, the single photon detectors which need 6 superconducting nanowires in total correspond to 3 groups of basis vectors (from top to bottom, the first photon detector to the sixth photon detector are sequentially arranged, the first photon detector and the second photon detector detect two basis vectors of an X matrix, the third photon detector and the fourth photon detector detect two basis vectors of a Y matrix, and the fifth photon detector and the sixth photon detector detect two basis vectors of Z), the 6 measurement results correspond to the quantum state measurement results under the X, Y and Z basis vectors, the reconfigurable density matrix of the quantum state is calculated through a fitting algorithm, and the quantum state chromatography measurement is realized. For the measurement of two-bit and n-bit quantum states, 6n superconducting nanowire single photon detectors are needed to correspond to 3n groups of basis vectors, each detector completes the local measurement of the quantum state, the correlation information of the n-bit quantum state is obtained through correlation measurement, and then a density matrix of the quantum state can be reconstructed through calculation of a fitting algorithm, so that the chromatographic measurement of the quantum state is realized.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention provides a state chromatography device for realizing rapid plug-and-play of polarized light quantum bits by utilizing an integrated optical device and an integrated superconducting single photon detector, which is suitable for a polarization coding quantum information system in an optical fiber or a free space and application scenes thereof, such as quantum key distribution, light quantum calculation, quantum simulation and the like. The device simplifies the complex state chromatography process into a plug-and-play mode through an integrated and miniaturized means, improves the state chromatography speed, increases the adaptability of the device and reduces the state chromatography cost compared with the prior method of adjusting the measurement basis vector.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an integrated optical implementation of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a diagram of the peripheral kit and its system of the present invention;
(a) the application mode of the invention for carrying out quantum state chromatography on the single-light qubit in the optical fiber,
(b) the invention is used for carrying out the application mode of quantum state chromatography on double quantum bits in the optical fiber.
Fig. 3 is a polarization-path converter.
The system comprises a 1-polarization-path converter, a 2-multimode interferometer, a 3-waveguide cross device, a 4-thermo-optic phase modulator and a 5-superconducting single-photon detector.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated with reference to the following figures and examples.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an integrated optical implementation of the present invention. Except the integrated superconducting nanowire single photon detector, the rest optical waveguide devices are made of silicon-based nanowire materials and can be processed and prepared by a standard CMOS (complementary metal oxide semiconductor) process. The superconducting nano-wire single photon detector structure is processed on the surface of the optical waveguide by the processes of depositing a superconducting niobium nitride film material on the surface of the waveguide, deep ultraviolet lithography, dry etching and the like, and a method of independently processing the waveguide and the nano-wire structure and then bonding a chip can also be adopted. In order to meet the working conditions of the superconducting single-photon detector, the chip needs to be placed at a low temperature for working.
Fig. 2 is a peripheral kit and system of the present invention. For single photon state chromatography, coupling photons to a quantum state analysis chip by using an optical fiber, directly detecting and reading out the count to obtain a quantum state chromatography result of a single quantum bit; for the two-photon quantum state chromatography, two photons are coupled to two different ports of a quantum state analysis chip through optical fibers, the counting result of the superconducting single-photon detector obtains the coincidence counting rate through an on-chip coincidence counter, and then the projection measurement results under XX, XY, XZ, YX, YY, YZ, ZX, ZY, ZZ and 9 basis vectors can be obtained. Similarly, for quantum state chromatography of m-photon qubits, X can be obtained by single photon detection and coincidence measurement1X2…Xm X1X2…Ym X1X2…Zm……Z1Z2…ZmAnd obtaining the quantum state chromatography result of the multi-photon qubit by using the measurement results under 3^ m basis vectors.
Although specific embodiments of the invention have been disclosed for purposes of illustration, and for purposes of aiding in the understanding of the contents of the invention and its implementation, those skilled in the art will appreciate that: various substitutions, changes and modifications are possible without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention and the appended claims. Therefore, it is intended that the invention not be limited to the particular embodiment disclosed as the best mode contemplated for carrying out this invention, but that the invention will include all embodiments falling within the scope of the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. A full passive polarized quantum state chromatography method comprises the following steps:
1) converting the polarization information of the optical signal to be detected into path information by using an on-chip integrated polarization-path converter, and respectively outputting the path information through 2n paths of waveguides;
2) leading out the optical signal in each path of waveguide to 3n paths through an on-chip integrated multimode interferometer and a waveguide cross device, and dividing the path information into 6n paths of output light;
3) combining output light on 6n paths into 3n same input quantum states pairwise by using a waveguide interleaver;
4) dividing each input quantum state obtained in the step 3) into two paths of outputs respectively, and measuring each path of output by utilizing an on-chip integrated superconducting single photon detector to realize measurement of the input quantum state under any two-dimensional unitary matrix projection basis vector; wherein, for the measurement under the Pagli Z base, the superconducting single-photon detector is directly used for measurement; for the measurement under the Pouli X base, dividing the input quantum state into two paths through a multimode interferometer and a zero-degree phase shifter, measuring each path of output by using a superconducting single-photon detector, and reading the counting rate of the superconducting single-photon detector to obtain an X base measurement result; for measurement under the Pouli Y base, dividing the input quantum state into two paths through a multimode interferometer and a 90-degree phase shifter, measuring each path of output by using a superconducting single-photon detector, and reading the counting rate of the superconducting single-photon detector to obtain a Y base measurement result;
5) and fitting the measurement result to reconstruct a density matrix of a quantum state, thereby realizing the chromatographic measurement of the quantum state.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein when n is 1, the measurement result is a measurement of a single quantum bit.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the 90 degree phase shifter is implemented by a fixed optical waveguide delay.
4. The method of claim 1 or 2 or 3, wherein the method of on-chip integration of superconducting single photon detectors is: firstly, manufacturing an optical waveguide on a chip, and then processing a super-nano-wire single-photon detector structure on the surface of the optical waveguide.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein the surface of the optical waveguide is processed to form a superconducting nanowire single photon detector structure by a superconducting thin film material deposition, deep ultraviolet lithography, dry etching or chip bonding process.
6. The method of claim 1 or 2 or 3, wherein the method of on-chip integration of superconducting single photon detectors is: the optical waveguide and the nanowire structure are independently processed, and then the processed optical waveguide and the nanowire structure are bonded on a chip.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein the polarization-path converter is a polarization beam splitting and rotator structure; the method comprises the steps of firstly converting horizontal and vertical polarization of an optical signal to be measured into a transverse electric mode TE and a transverse magnetic mode TM in a waveguide by using a polarization beam splitting structure, and then rotating the transverse magnetic mode TM into the transverse electric mode TE by using a polarization rotator so as to convert polarization information into path information.
8. A full passive polarization quantum state chromatography chip is characterized by comprising a polarization-path converter, a plurality of multimode interferometers, a plurality of waveguide crossbars and a plurality of single photon detectors; wherein
The polarization-path converter is used for converting polarization information of the input optical signal to be detected into path information and respectively inputting the path information into the first multimode interferometer and the second multimode interferometer through the waveguide;
one output end of the first multimode interferometer is connected with one input end of the third multimode interferometer through a waveguide, and the other output end of the first multimode interferometer is connected with one input end of the first waveguide cross device through the waveguide; one output end of the second multi-mode interferometer is connected with one input end of the fourth multi-mode interferometer through a waveguide, and the other output end of the second multi-mode interferometer is connected with the other input end of the first waveguide cross device through a waveguide;
one output end of the third multimode interferometer is connected with the first phase modulator through a waveguide, and the other output end of the third multimode interferometer is connected with one input end of the second waveguide cross device through a waveguide; the output end of the first phase modulator is connected with one input end of the fifth multimode interferometer through a waveguide;
one output end of the first waveguide interleaver is connected with one input end of the second waveguide interleaver through a waveguide, and the other output end of the first waveguide interleaver is connected with one input end of the third waveguide interleaver through a waveguide; one output end of the second waveguide cross device is connected with the other input end of the fifth multimode interferometer through a waveguide, the other output end of the second waveguide cross device is connected with the second phase modulator through a waveguide, and the output end of the second phase modulator is connected with one input end of the sixth multimode interferometer through a waveguide;
one output end of the fourth multimode interferometer is connected with one input end of the third waveguide cross device through a waveguide, and the other output end of the fourth multimode interferometer is connected with the seventh multimode interferometer through a waveguide; one output end of the third waveguide interleaver is connected with the other input end of the sixth multimode interferometer through a waveguide, the other output end of the third waveguide interleaver is connected with the third phase modulator through a waveguide, and the output end of the third phase modulator is connected with the seventh multimode interferometer through a waveguide;
a branch behind the fifth multimode interferometer is provided with a zero-degree or 180-degree phase shifter, the output end of the phase shifter is connected with the second single-photon detector through a waveguide, and the other output end of the phase shifter is connected with the first single-photon detector through a waveguide;
a branch behind the sixth multimode interferometer is provided with a first 90-degree phase shifter, the output end of the first 90-degree phase shifter is connected with the fourth single-photon detector through a waveguide, and the other output end of the first 90-degree phase shifter is connected with the third single-photon detector through a waveguide;
and a second 90-degree phase shifter is arranged on a branch circuit behind the seventh multimode interferometer, the output end of the second 90-degree phase shifter is connected with the sixth single-photon detector through a waveguide, and the other output end of the second 90-degree phase shifter is connected with the fifth single-photon detector through a waveguide.
9. The fully passive polarized quantum state chromatography chip of claim 8, wherein the 90 degree phase shifter is implemented with a fixed optical waveguiding delay.
10. The fully passive polarized quantum state chromatography chip of claim 8, wherein the polarization-path converter is a polarization beam splitting and rotator structure; the polarization beam splitter comprises a polarization beam splitting structure and a polarization rotator; the polarization beam splitting structure is used for converting the horizontal and vertical polarization of an input optical signal to be tested into a transverse electric mode TE and a transverse magnetic mode TM in the waveguide; one output end of the polarization beam splitting structure is connected with a polarization rotator through a waveguide, and the polarization rotator is used for rotating an input transverse magnetic mode TM into a transverse electric mode TE.
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| CN117391211A (en) * | 2023-11-01 | 2024-01-12 | 正则量子(北京)技术有限公司 | Multi-photon state chromatography method based on linear optical network |
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