CN113589377A - Seismic data polarity quantitative discrimination method based on seismic amplitude - Google Patents
Seismic data polarity quantitative discrimination method based on seismic amplitude Download PDFInfo
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- CN113589377A CN113589377A CN202010371006.5A CN202010371006A CN113589377A CN 113589377 A CN113589377 A CN 113589377A CN 202010371006 A CN202010371006 A CN 202010371006A CN 113589377 A CN113589377 A CN 113589377A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
- G01V1/28—Processing seismic data, e.g. for interpretation or for event detection
- G01V1/30—Analysis
- G01V1/307—Analysis for determining seismic attributes, e.g. amplitude, instantaneous phase or frequency, reflection strength or polarity
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
- G01V1/40—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting specially adapted for well-logging
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V2210/00—Details of seismic processing or analysis
- G01V2210/60—Analysis
- G01V2210/63—Seismic attributes, e.g. amplitude, polarity, instant phase
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Abstract
The invention relates to the field of oil and gas field exploration and development, in particular to a seismic data polarity quantitative determination method based on seismic amplitude. The method is implemented by selecting a suitable stratigraphic interface; calculating the reflection coefficients of the interface and the adjacent interfaces; reading the amplitude energy of wave crests and wave troughs near the interface seismic response; the reflection coefficient is compared to the amplitude energy relationship. Under the condition that the peak amplitude energy is maximum, the corresponding positive reflection coefficient indicates that the seismic data are positive, otherwise, the seismic data are negative; and under the condition that the amplitude energy of the wave trough is maximum, the corresponding positive reflection coefficient indicates that the seismic data is negative, otherwise, the seismic data is positive. The seismic data polarity quantitative determination method based on the seismic amplitude is quantitative in operation, accurate and clear, improves the reliability of seismic data polarity determination, can further improve the calibration accuracy of geological horizons, and guarantees the firm foundation of seismic reservoir prediction and seismic reservoir description research.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of oil and gas field exploration and development, in particular to a seismic data polarity quantitative determination method based on seismic amplitude.
Background
Seismic geological calibration is the basis of seismic data structure interpretation, seismic reservoir prediction and seismic reservoir description research. In the process of establishing the corresponding relationship between the seismic reflection information and the geological horizon or the corresponding geological information, particularly the corresponding relationship between the reflection characteristics of the seismic channel beside the well and the measurement data of the well hole, the polarity judgment of the seismic data is a key technical link which cannot be bypassed.
At present, there are six types of seismic data polarity discrimination methods: 1. single and double rail section discrimination; 2. a synthetic recording method; 3. extracting a wavelet discrimination method; 4. synthesizing and recording an inverse average speed method; 5. a model discrimination method; 6. and determining a polarity method by using the VSP logging speed data.
Practical application research and data collection find that a wavelet extraction method, a synthetic record inverse average velocity method, a model discrimination method and a polarity determination method by utilizing VSP logging velocity data are relatively few, wherein the VSP logging velocity data discrimination method is greatly influenced by data sources and has low universality; the realization process of the model discrimination method and the synthesis record inverse average speed method is complicated, and the universality is low; the extracted wavelet discrimination method is greatly influenced by the extracted wavelet time window and is used at least.
The single-double track section discrimination method and the synthetic recording method are simple and commonly used, but the single-double track section discrimination method needs a large impedance difference interface in the application process, is a qualitative discrimination method for observing the seismic section reflection characteristics, and often cannot perform clear discrimination under the condition that the single-double track seismic reflection characteristics of the impedance difference interface are not obvious. The synthetic recording method is an indirect seismic polarity discrimination method for discriminating the correlation between positive and negative polarity synthetic seismic records and well-side seismic channels, and generally discriminates multiple wells in order to improve discrimination accuracy, and under the condition that single well discrimination is inaccurate, multi-well discrimination is often ambiguous and workload is large.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the technical defects, the invention provides a seismic data polarity quantitative determination method based on seismic amplitude, and the method can accurately and quickly determine the polarity of seismic data.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a seismic data polarity quantitative discrimination method based on seismic amplitude comprises the following steps: and selecting a proper stratum interface, and determining the polarity of the seismic data according to the relation between the reflection coefficient of the stratum interface and the seismic amplitude energy.
The standard for determining the polarity of the seismic data according to the relation between the stratum interface reflection coefficient and the seismic amplitude energy is as follows: under the condition that the peak amplitude energy is maximum, the corresponding positive reflection coefficient indicates that the seismic data are positive, otherwise, the seismic data are negative; and under the condition that the amplitude energy of the wave trough is maximum, the corresponding positive reflection coefficient indicates that the seismic data is negative, otherwise, the seismic data is positive.
Preferably, the invention specifically comprises: selecting a suitable stratigraphic interface; determining the size, the positive and the negative of the selected formation interface reflection coefficient; reading the amplitude energy of wave crests and wave troughs near the seismic response corresponding to the selected interface; and comparing the stratum interface reflection coefficient with the amplitude energy relationship to determine the polarity of the seismic data.
Further preferably, the invention selects a large impedance difference interface in the step of selecting a suitable formation interface.
Further preferably, the invention may also select one or more of standard geological interfaces, thick single lithologic top-bottom interfaces, unconformities, etc. types in the step of selecting a suitable stratigraphic interface.
Further preferably, in the step of determining the size and the positive and negative of the selected formation interface reflection coefficient, the invention performs proper filtering on an impedance curve when calculating the selected interface reflection coefficient, so as to reduce the influence of the reflection coefficients of other nearby interfaces; meanwhile, the absolute value of the reflection coefficient of the interface is obviously larger than the absolute values of the reflection coefficients of other interfaces nearby, so that the seismic reflection energy of the wave crest and the wave trough read in the next step is mainly generated by the interface, and the positive and negative of the reflection coefficient are required to be determined.
Further preferably, in the step of reading the amplitude energy of the peak and the trough near the seismic response corresponding to the selected interface, if the selected interface has large lateral extension, the amplitude energy values of the peak and the trough of the seismic response at the well point are read, the corresponding values of the seismic response of the nearby seismic channels are read, and whether the reflection energy of the interface corresponds to the maximum peak or the trough is comprehensively determined.
The method quantitatively analyzes the amplitude energy of wave crests and wave troughs near the seismic response position corresponding to an interface with obvious impedance difference (a standard stratum interface, a thick single lithologic stratum top-bottom interface or a large non-integrated interface), and determines the polarity of seismic data by comparing and analyzing the reflection coefficient of the selected interface and the relation between the positive and negative of the interface and the amplitude energy of the wave crests and the wave troughs.
Compared with the prior art, the method has the advantages that the judgment process and the result are accurate and clear through quantitative analysis, the reliability of the polarity judgment of the seismic data is improved, the calibration accuracy of the geological horizon can be further improved, and the foundation firmness of seismic reservoir prediction and seismic reservoir description research is guaranteed.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, are included to provide a further understanding of the invention, and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate exemplary embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the invention and not to limit the invention.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a seismic data polarity quantification method based on seismic amplitude in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic illustration of formation interface selection and corresponding reflection coefficients in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram illustrating a comparative analysis of the relationship between the amplitude energy of the seismic peaks and valleys and the reflection coefficient corresponding to the selected interface according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
It is to be understood that the following detailed description is exemplary and is intended to provide further explanation of the invention as claimed. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs.
It is noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of exemplary embodiments according to the invention. As used herein, the singular forms "a", "an" and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, and it should be understood that when the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising" are used in this specification, they specify the presence of the stated features, steps, operations, and/or combinations thereof, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.
In order to make the aforementioned and other objects, features and advantages of the present invention comprehensible, preferred embodiments accompanied with figures are described in detail below.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a seismic data polarity quantitative determination method based on seismic amplitude in an embodiment of the invention.
In step 101, one or more of a standard geological interface, a thick single lithologic top-bottom interface, a large impedance difference interface, and an unconformity are selected for comprehensive analysis. The flow proceeds to step 102.
In step 102, it is determined that the absolute value of the reflection coefficient of the selected formation interface is significantly greater than the absolute values of the reflection coefficients of other interfaces above and below, and the positive and negative of the reflection coefficient are determined.
In the step of calculating the size and the positive and negative of the reflection coefficient of the selected stratum interface, proper filtering is carried out on an impedance curve when the reflection coefficient of the selected interface is calculated, and the influence of the reflection coefficients of other nearby interfaces is reduced; meanwhile, the absolute value of the reflection coefficient of the interface is obviously larger than the absolute values of the reflection coefficients of other interfaces nearby, so that the seismic reflection energy of the wave crest and the wave trough read in the next step is mainly generated by the interface, and the positive and negative of the reflection coefficient are required to be determined. The flow proceeds to step 103.
At step 103, the amplitude energies of the peaks and valleys in the vicinity of the seismic response of the selected stratigraphic interface are read. If the selected interface is extended transversely, the amplitude energy values of the wave crest and the wave trough of the seismic response at the well point can be read, the corresponding seismic response values of nearby seismic channels can be read, and the maximum wave crest or the wave trough corresponding to the reflection energy of the interface is comprehensively determined. FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of formation boundary selection and reflection coefficient of a formation boundary. The stratum interface pointed by the arrow is the selected glutenite top surface, the corresponding reflection coefficient is a regular reflection coefficient, and the absolute value of the reflection coefficient is obviously greater than the absolute values of the reflection coefficients of other interfaces. The flow proceeds to step 104.
In step 104, comparing the relation between the stratum interface reflection coefficient and the seismic amplitude energy, and under the condition that the peak amplitude energy is maximum, judging that the seismic data is positive in correspondence to the positive reflection coefficient, otherwise, judging that the seismic data is negative in polarity; and under the condition that the amplitude energy of the wave trough is maximum, judging the seismic data to be negative polarity corresponding to the positive reflection coefficient, otherwise, judging the seismic data to be positive polarity.
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the amplitude energy of seismic peaks and troughs in the vicinity of seismic response at a formation boundary in comparison with reflection coefficient. Wherein, the wave crest energy is larger than the wave trough energy, corresponding to the positive reflection coefficient, the seismic data is judged to be positive polarity.
The above embodiments are preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and any other changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications which do not depart from the spirit and principle of the present invention should be construed as equivalents thereof, and all such changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications are intended to be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. The seismic data polarity quantitative distinguishing method based on the seismic amplitude is characterized by comprising the following steps of: and selecting a proper stratum interface, and determining the polarity of the seismic data according to the relation between the reflection coefficient of the stratum interface and the seismic amplitude energy.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the earth interface reflection coefficient and seismic amplitude energy relationship define seismic data polarity criteria as: under the condition that the peak amplitude energy is maximum, the corresponding positive reflection coefficient indicates that the seismic data are positive, otherwise, the seismic data are negative; and under the condition that the amplitude energy of the wave trough is maximum, the corresponding positive reflection coefficient indicates that the seismic data is negative, otherwise, the seismic data is positive.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the method specifically comprises selecting a suitable stratigraphic interface; determining the size, the positive and the negative of the selected formation interface reflection coefficient; reading the amplitude energy of wave crests and wave troughs near the seismic response corresponding to the selected interface; and comparing the stratum interface reflection coefficient with the amplitude energy relationship to determine the polarity of the seismic data.
4. The method of claim 3, wherein in the step of selecting a suitable formation interface, a large impedance difference interface is selected.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein one or more of standard geological interfaces, thick single lithologic top-bottom interfaces, unconformities, etc. are selected in the step of selecting the appropriate stratigraphic interface.
6. The method according to claim 3, wherein in the step of determining the size and the positive and negative of the selected formation interface reflection coefficient, the impedance curve is properly filtered when the selected interface reflection coefficient is calculated, so that the influence of other nearby interface reflection coefficients is reduced; meanwhile, the absolute value of the interface reflection coefficient is obviously larger than the absolute values of the reflection coefficients of other interfaces nearby, so that the positive and negative of the reflection coefficient are determined.
7. The method as claimed in claim 3, wherein in the step of reading the amplitude energies of the peaks and the troughs near the selected interface corresponding to the seismic response, if the selected interface has a large lateral extension, the method can comprehensively determine whether the reflection energy of the interface corresponds to the maximum peak or the trough by reading the amplitude energy values at the peaks and the troughs of the seismic response at the well point and reading the corresponding values of the seismic response of the nearby seismic traces.
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Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102254321A (en) * | 2011-05-19 | 2011-11-23 | 中国石油集团川庆钻探工程有限公司 | Method for automatically identifying polarity-reversed channel based on first arrival wave |
| CN104698497A (en) * | 2015-04-09 | 2015-06-10 | 中国石油大学(华东) | Method for fine calibration of position of sand shale thin interbed |
| WO2018203265A1 (en) * | 2017-05-04 | 2018-11-08 | Chevron U.S.A. Inc. | System and method for analyzing geologic features using seismic data |
| CN109143335A (en) * | 2018-07-27 | 2019-01-04 | 中国地质调查局沈阳地质调查中心 | A kind of production method of synthetic seismogram, system, medium and equipment |
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- 2020-04-30 CN CN202010371006.5A patent/CN113589377B/en active Active
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102254321A (en) * | 2011-05-19 | 2011-11-23 | 中国石油集团川庆钻探工程有限公司 | Method for automatically identifying polarity-reversed channel based on first arrival wave |
| CN104698497A (en) * | 2015-04-09 | 2015-06-10 | 中国石油大学(华东) | Method for fine calibration of position of sand shale thin interbed |
| WO2018203265A1 (en) * | 2017-05-04 | 2018-11-08 | Chevron U.S.A. Inc. | System and method for analyzing geologic features using seismic data |
| CN109143335A (en) * | 2018-07-27 | 2019-01-04 | 中国地质调查局沈阳地质调查中心 | A kind of production method of synthetic seismogram, system, medium and equipment |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
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| 王金铎等: "地震资料解释中的极性判别技术", 《石油物探》 * |
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