CN113588474A - Device and method for detecting dynamic performance of carbon graphite material - Google Patents
Device and method for detecting dynamic performance of carbon graphite material Download PDFInfo
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- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 74
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 46
- 239000007770 graphite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 claims description 218
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 claims description 28
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000013068 control sample Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000001291 vacuum drying Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 31
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 13
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 12
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000003566 sealing material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000012795 verification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007619 statistical method Methods 0.000 description 2
- TVEXGJYMHHTVKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-3-en-7-one Chemical compound C1C2C(=O)OC1C=CC2 TVEXGJYMHHTVKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 238000004506 ultrasonic cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
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- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/56—Investigating resistance to wear or abrasion
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
- G01N1/34—Purifying; Cleaning
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/02—Details
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Abstract
The invention discloses a device and a method for detecting dynamic performance of a carbon graphite material, wherein the device comprises a base, a rotating shaft, a friction ring, a pressure gauge and a speed regulating motor arranged on the base, the rotating shaft is connected with an output shaft of the speed regulating motor, the friction ring is detachably and fixedly sleeved on the rotating shaft to synchronously rotate with the rotating shaft, a sample clamp box is arranged on the outer circumference of the friction ring and used for placing a sample, the sample clamp box is positioned on the radial diameter of the friction ring and provided with a through hole for the sample to partially pass through, a gap is reserved between the through hole end of the sample clamp box and the circumferential surface of the friction ring, and the sample partially passes through the through hole of the sample clamp box and is contacted with the circumferential surface of the friction ring; the pressure gauge is used for applying pressure to the sample. The device can detect the dynamic performance of the carbon graphite material under the high-speed and light-load (low-pressure) state, and is favorable for reducing research risks and cost.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of aviation, and particularly relates to a device and a method for detecting dynamic performance of a carbon graphite material.
Background
The carbon graphite material has excellent chemical stability, high thermal conductivity, self-lubricating property, high temperature resistance, remarkable red hardness, light weight, high efficiency, low expansion coefficient, processability and other excellent performances, and occupies an irreplaceable position in the fields of aviation, aerospace, ships, nuclear industry, photovoltaics, semiconductors, wind power and new energy automobiles, and particularly is a preferred material for sealing devices such as end face sealing, circumferential sealing, expanding ring type split ring sealing, floating ring sealing and the like.
The aircraft engine provides the aircraft with the power required by flight. Being the heart of an aircraft, directly affects the performance and reliability of the aircraft. The aeroengine works under severe conditions of high temperature (up to 550-600 ℃), pressure (up to 410KPa) and high rotating speed (up to 144m/s), and the like, the sealing ring has a crucial influence on the engine, if the carbon graphite material is not properly selected, the application environment requirements cannot be met, leakage is easy to occur, the oil consumption of the engine is increased due to leakage, the sealing pressure is reduced, the performance of the engine is seriously reduced, and even serious safety accidents are caused. The friction pair materials in the engine generally comprise: 40CrNiMoA chromium plating, 40Cr2MoV chromium plating, 50Mn chromium plating and the like.
The existing test instrument can only detect the friction and wear dynamic performance of the carbon graphite material under a low rotating speed (less than 10m/s), for example, the UMT-2 type micro friction and wear testing machine of the key laboratory in the tribology of Qinghua university, the UMT-3 type controllable environment friction and wear instrument and the MR-H5II type high-speed ring block wear testing machine have adjustable temperature, pressure and linear speed, and the rotating speed ranges of a main shaft are 0.001-5000 r/min, 0.001-5000 r/min and 10-3500 r/min respectively. The frictional wear performance of the carbon graphite material in a high-speed and low-pressure state cannot be detected, and the carbon graphite material detected at a low rotating speed is assembled into a complete sealing device and then is loaded on a computer for experimental verification, so that research risk and cost are increased undoubtedly.
Therefore, it is an urgent technical problem to be solved by those skilled in the art to provide a device capable of detecting the dynamic performance of the carbon graphite material under high speed and light load (low pressure).
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above-mentioned shortcomings in the prior art, an object of the present invention is to provide a device and a method for detecting dynamic properties of graphite materials, which can detect dynamic properties of graphite materials under high speed and light load (low pressure) conditions, and is beneficial to reducing research risks and cost.
The technical scheme of the invention is realized as follows:
a device for detecting the dynamic performance of a carbon graphite material comprises a base, a rotating shaft, a friction ring, a pressure gauge and a speed regulating motor arranged on the base, wherein the rotating shaft is connected with an output shaft of the speed regulating motor, the friction ring is detachably and fixedly sleeved on the rotating shaft to synchronously rotate with the rotating shaft, a sample clamp box is arranged on the outer circumference of the friction ring and used for placing a sample, the sample clamp box is positioned on the radial diameter of the friction ring and is provided with a through hole for the sample to partially pass through, a gap is reserved between the through hole end of the sample clamp box and the circumferential surface of the friction ring, and the sample partially passes through the through hole of the sample clamp box and is in contact with the circumferential surface of the friction ring; the pressure gauge is used for applying pressure to the sample.
Furthermore, the sample clamping device box is arranged on the outer circumference of the friction ring through a support frame, the support frame is fixed on the base and comprises two end plates which are vertically arranged and a plurality of support rods which are arranged between the two end plates, the two end plates are fixed on the base side by side, each support rod is horizontally arranged, two ends of each support rod are respectively fixed with the edges of the two end plates, all the support rods are uniformly distributed along the circumference of the end plates, and the centers of the two end plates are provided with through holes for the rotating shafts to pass through; the sample fixture box is fixed on the support rod, and the base outside the two end plates is respectively provided with a bearing seat for supporting the rotating shaft.
Further, the friction ring comprises a plurality of spiral friction rings and a plurality of smooth friction rings, and all the friction rings are arranged at intervals.
Furthermore, the sample fixture box can be movably fixed on the supporting rod, so that the corresponding friction ring can be conveniently selected to detect the dynamic performance of the sample.
Further, a torque sensor is arranged between the rotating shaft and the output shaft of the speed regulating motor, the torque sensor is connected with the rotating shaft and the output shaft of the speed regulating motor through two couplers, one end of each coupler is correspondingly connected with the two ends of the torque sensor, the other end of each coupler is connected with one end of the rotating shaft or the output shaft of the speed regulating motor, and the torque sensor is connected with the control unit and used for monitoring torque and transmitting the torque to the control unit so as to detect the friction coefficient of the sample.
Furthermore, a rotating speed sensor is arranged on the speed regulating motor and connected with the control unit for monitoring the rotating speed of the speed regulating motor and transmitting the rotating speed to the control unit.
Further, the sample fixture box is provided with a heating resistor around, so that the sample placed in the sample fixture box can be heated conveniently.
Furthermore, a friction ring handle is arranged at the other end of the rotating shaft, so that the rotating speed can be conveniently and manually detected.
A method (I) for detecting the dynamic performance of a carbon graphite material adopts the device to detect the dynamic performance of a sample, and specifically comprises the following steps:
s1: processing a sample: processing the carbon graphite blank into a sample, then ultrasonically cleaning for 10-30 min, and then drying in a vacuum drying oven for 8-24 h for later use; one end of the sample is provided with a convex part penetrating through a through hole of the sample clamp box, the other end of the sample is provided with a pressure applying hole and a temperature measuring hole, the pressure applying hole is arranged in the middle, and the temperature measuring hole is eccentrically arranged and obliquely extends to the convex part for detecting the temperature change of the sample;
s2: after a sample is loaded into a sample clamp box, the surface of a convex part of the sample is contacted with a friction ring, a temperature thermocouple is inserted into a temperature measuring hole, and a pressure gauge is inserted into a pressure applying hole;
s3: after the inspection device and the control system are normal, starting the device, applying radial pressure to the sample within 30-410KPa, running the sample and the friction ring, closing the device when the running-in area reaches more than 95%, taking down the sample, comparing and measuring the original height of the initial running-in sample by using a measuring system consisting of a detection platform, a standard gauge block, a dial indicator bracket and a dial indicator, and recording;
s4: putting the sample taken down in the step S3 into a sample clamp box again, setting the circumferential linear speed of the device to be 10-144 m/S and constant, applying radial pressure on the sample, observing the temperature and the friction coefficient of the sample in real time, recording every 30min, taking the sample after running for 2h, comparing the measured height and calculating the abrasion loss by using a measuring system consisting of a detection platform, a standard gauge block, a dial gauge bracket and a dial gauge after the sample is taken down;
s5: loading the sample taken down in the step S4 into a temperature-controlled sample clamp box, keeping the circumferential linear velocity constant, increasing the pressure step by step according to 10-30 KPa, observing the temperature and the friction coefficient of the sample in real time, recording once every 30min, taking down the sample after running for 2h, comparing and measuring the height and calculating the abrasion loss by using a measuring system consisting of a detection platform, a standard gauge block, a dial indicator bracket and a dial indicator;
s6: and repeating the step S5 until the indication of the limit PV value appears, and taking down the sample, thereby obtaining the dynamic performance parameters of the sample under different working conditions.
A method (II) for detecting the dynamic performance of the carbon stone material ink adopts the device to detect the dynamic performance of a sample, and specifically comprises the following steps:
s1: processing a sample: processing the carbon graphite blank into a sample, then ultrasonically cleaning for 10-30 min, and then drying in a vacuum drying oven for 8-24 h for later use; one end of the sample is provided with a convex part penetrating through a through hole of the sample clamp box, the other end of the sample is provided with a pressure applying hole and a temperature measuring hole, the pressure applying hole is arranged in the middle, and the temperature measuring hole is eccentrically arranged and obliquely extends to the convex part for detecting the temperature change of the sample;
s2: after a sample is loaded into a sample clamp box, the surface of a convex part of the sample is contacted with a friction ring, a temperature thermocouple is inserted into a temperature measuring hole, and a pressure gauge is inserted into a pressure applying hole;
s3: after the inspection device and the control system are normal, starting the device, applying radial pressure to the sample within 30-410KPa, running the sample and the friction ring, closing the device when the running-in area reaches more than 95%, taking down the sample, comparing and measuring the original height of the initial running-in sample by using a measuring system consisting of a detection platform, a standard gauge block, a dial indicator bracket and a dial indicator, and recording;
s4: putting the sample taken down in the step S3 into a sample clamp box again, setting the pressure of the device to be 10-410 KPa and keeping constant pressure, keeping a certain linear velocity, observing the temperature and the friction coefficient of the sample in real time, recording every 30min, taking down the sample after running for 2h, comparing the measured height and calculating the abrasion loss by using a measuring system consisting of a detection platform, a standard gauge block, a dial indicator bracket and a dial indicator;
s5: loading the sample taken down in the step S4 into a temperature control sample clamp box, keeping the pressure unchanged, increasing the linear velocity step by 10m/S, observing the temperature and the friction coefficient of the sample in real time, recording once every 30min, taking down the sample after running for 2h, comparing the measured height and calculating the abrasion loss by using a measuring system consisting of a detection platform, a standard gauge block, a dial indicator bracket and a dial indicator;
s6: and repeating the step S5 until the indication of the limit PV value appears, and taking down the sample, thereby obtaining the dynamic performance parameters of the sample under different working conditions.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the invention is characterized in that the linear velocity V: 10-144 m/s, light load (low pressure P: 30-410 KPa) and friction surface temperature T: starting from room temperature to 550 ℃, the dynamic performance of the carbon graphite sealing material is evaluated through the PV value obtained by detection, so that characteristic data can be provided for model selection of the engine fulcrum carbon graphite material, and the research on the engine fulcrum carbon graphite material is promoted.
2. The device is convenient to operate, can research the dynamic performance parameters of the carbon graphite material under the conditions of high speed of 30-144 m/s, light load (low pressure) of 10-410 KPa and room temperature of 550 ℃, and is favorable for selecting the carbon graphite material with proper performance according to the practical application environment, thereby being favorable for reducing the research cost.
3. This device bracing piece has many, sets up a plurality of sample fixture boxes on the bracing piece like this, realizes simultaneously measuring the dynamic property of carbon graphite material in batches, has a plurality of friction rings and has different forms in the pivot simultaneously to can be according to the practical application operating mode, select the dynamic property parameter of corresponding friction ring detection carbon graphite material under operating condition.
Drawings
Fig. 1-schematic structural view of the present invention.
Figure 2-experimental schematic.
Figure 3-schematic sample structure.
Characteristic graphs of PV versus temperature T, wear W of fig. 4-XX1# -1.
Characteristic graphs of PV versus temperature T, wear W of fig. 5-XX1# -2.
Characteristic graphs of PV versus temperature T, wear W of fig. 6-XX2# -1.
Characteristic graphs of PV versus temperature T, wear W of fig. 7-XX2# -2.
Characteristic graphs of PV versus temperature T, wear W of fig. 8-XX3# -1.
Characteristic graphs of PV versus temperature T, wear W of fig. 9-XX3# -2.
Characteristic graphs of PV versus temperature T, wear W of fig. 10-XX4# -1.
Wherein: 1-friction ring machine handle; 2-a friction ring; 3-a pressure device; 4-sample clamp box; 5, bearing seats; 6-torque sensor, 7-coupling; 8-speed regulating motor; 9-a rotation speed sensor; 10-a rotating shaft; 11-a support frame; 12-a base; 13-protective cover.
Detailed Description
Referring to fig. 1, a device for detecting dynamic performance of a carbon graphite material comprises a base 12, a rotating shaft 10, a friction ring 2, a pressure gauge 3 and a speed regulating motor 8 arranged on the base 12, wherein the rotating shaft 10 is connected with an output shaft of the speed regulating motor 8, the friction ring 2 is detachably and fixedly sleeved on the rotating shaft 10 to synchronously rotate with the rotating shaft 10, a sample clamp box 4 is arranged on the outer circumference of the friction ring 2 and used for placing a sample, the sample clamp box 4 is located on the radial diameter of the friction ring 2, the sample clamp box 4 is provided with a through hole for a sample part to pass through, a gap is formed between the through hole end of the sample clamp box 4 and the circumferential surface of the friction ring 2, and the sample part can conveniently pass through the through hole of the sample clamp box 4 and be contacted with the circumferential surface of the friction ring 2; the pressure device 3 is used for applying pressure to the sample.
The speed regulating motor can regulate the rotating speed of the motor within a certain range, so that the dynamic performance of the carbon graphite sample under different rotating speeds can be conveniently detected, and the friction ring has a larger diameter, so that the friction ring has a larger linear speed in the high-speed rotating process of the speed regulating motor, and the dynamic performance of the carbon graphite under the condition of high linear speed can be detected. The pressure device can apply different pressure loads to the carbon graphite sample, so that the dynamic performance of the carbon graphite under different pressure conditions can be measured.
The friction ring can be detachably fixed on the rotating shaft, so that the friction ring can be replaced according to actual conditions.
When the dynamic performance of different samples is detected, in order to simulate the actual working condition, the shape and the structure of the friction surface of the sample to be detected, which is in contact with the circumferential surface of the friction ring, are designed according to the actual application.
In specific implementation, the sample fixture box 4 is arranged on the outer circumference of the friction ring 2 through a support frame 11, the support frame 11 is fixed on a base 12, the support frame 11 comprises two vertically arranged end plates and a plurality of support rods arranged between the two end plates, the two end plates are fixed on the base 12 side by side, each support rod is horizontally arranged, two ends of each support rod are respectively fixed with the edges of the two end plates, all the support rods are uniformly distributed along the circumferences of the end plates, and the centers of the two end plates are provided with through holes for the rotating shafts to pass through; the sample fixture box 4 is fixed on the support rod, and the base outside the two end plates is respectively provided with a bearing seat 5 for supporting the rotating shaft 10.
The supporting rods are provided with a plurality of supporting rods, so that a plurality of sample clamp boxes can be arranged on the radial circumference or/and the axial direction of the friction ring, and a plurality of samples can be detected simultaneously.
In specific implementation, the friction ring 2 comprises a plurality of spiral friction rings and a plurality of smooth friction rings, and all the friction rings 2 are arranged at intervals.
The smooth friction ring is a friction ring with a smooth outer circumferential surface, particularly a 40CrNiMoA chromium-plated smooth friction ring, so that a flexible circumferential carbon graphite sealing mode of an aero-engine can be simulated, and an air film can be generated for friction reduction and less abrasion under the conditions of lower pressure P and higher linear velocity V; the spiral friction ring is a friction ring with spiral threads on the outer circumferential surface, specifically a 40Cr2MoV chromium plating spiral friction ring and a 50Mn chromium plating spiral friction ring, and the spiral friction ring can be used for detecting the dynamic performance of the carbon graphite sample under the condition that the carbon graphite sample is not influenced by airflow or is slightly influenced by the airflow.
In this embodiment, two smooth friction rings and two spiral friction rings are provided. The 40CrNiMoA chromium plating, the 40Cr2MoV chromium plating and the 50Mn chromium plating are all typical friction pair materials.
When the test device is specifically implemented, the sample clamp box can be movably fixed on the supporting rod, so that the corresponding friction ring can be conveniently selected to detect the dynamic performance of the sample.
Therefore, the dynamic performance of the corresponding friction pair detection sample can be selected according to the requirement, and the purpose of simulating the working condition of practical application is achieved.
During specific implementation, be equipped with torque sensor 6 between pivot 10 and the 8 output shafts of buncher, torque sensor 6 is connected with pivot 10 and the 8 output shafts of buncher through two shaft couplings 7, and two 7 one ends of shaft coupling correspond with 6 both ends of torque sensor respectively and are connected, and the other end corresponds with pivot 10 one end or the 8 output shafts of buncher respectively, torque sensor 6 is connected with the control unit for the monitoring moment of torsion and send the control unit so that detect the coefficient of friction of sample to.
In this example, a protective cover 13 is also provided on the coupling for protecting the coupling.
During specific implementation, a rotating speed sensor 9 is arranged on the speed regulating motor 8, and the rotating speed sensor 9 is connected with the control unit and used for monitoring the rotating speed of the speed regulating motor 8 and transmitting the rotating speed to the control unit.
In particular, the sample holder 4 has a heating resistor around it to facilitate heating of a sample placed in the sample holder.
The dynamic performance of the carbon graphite material sample under different temperatures and high temperature conditions can be detected conveniently.
When the device is specifically implemented, the friction ring handle 1 is arranged at the other end of the rotating shaft 10, so that the rotating speed can be conveniently and manually detected.
Therefore, the worker can manually detect the rotating speed of the rotating shaft and the rotating speed of the friction ring through the probe.
Referring to fig. 2, a schematic diagram of a test for detecting a carbon graphite sample by using the device is shown, and the test principle is as follows:
the realization principle of the test sliding linear velocity (V) is as follows: the speed regulating motor is operated at a required rotating speed through voltage regulation, and the speed regulating motor drives the friction ring to operate at a high speed according to the required linear speed through the coupler.
Principle of realization of the test pressure (P): the sample is assembled in the sample fixture box and can freely move up and down, and the pressure required by the test is applied to the upper end of the sample by the sample pressure gauge.
Realization principle of sample temperature (T): the temperature is monitored by a thermocouple pre-embedded in a temperature measuring hole through resistance heating around the fixture box, and the required temperature is set and automatically controlled by a control system
Friction ring: consists of 2 threaded friction rings and 2 smooth friction rings for selection of the test protocol.
In the following embodiments, carbon graphite materials XX1#, XX2#, XX3#, XX4# produced by a representative enterprise in China are respectively selected as raw materials, and XX1#, XX2#, XX3#, XX4# meet standards for marking standards of the national aviation industry sector, enterprise standards, model standards and the like, and the materials are judged to meet the standards, wherein performance parameters of XX1#, XX2#, XX3#, XX4# are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1, XX1#, XX2#, XX3#, XX4#, for performance parameters
Taking two blanks of XX1#, XX2#, XX3#, XX4# for standby, processing each blank with the size of more than or equal to 40 multiplied by 25 multiplied by 12.5mm into a sample according to the graph of FIG. 3, then carrying out ultrasonic cleaning for 30min, finally placing the sample in a vacuum drying oven for drying for 12h, and then respectively naming as XX1# -1, XX1# -2, XX2# -1, XX2# -2, XX3# -1, XX3# -2, XX4# -1 and XX4# -2.
The friction ring used in examples 1-6 below was a 40CrNiMoA chromium plated smooth friction ring and the friction ring used in example 7 was a 40Cr2MoV chromium plated spiral friction ring, the relevant performance parameters of which are shown in Table 2.
TABLE 2 Friction Ring Performance parameters
| Name of Material | Surface roughness | Radial run-out mm | Size mm | Pitch of thread | Width of groove | Helix angle |
| 40CrNiMoA chromium plating | 0.2-0.4 | 0.04 | Φ500 | - | - | - |
| 40Cr2MoV chromium plating | 0.4-0.8 | 0.03 | |
10 | 3 | 6° |
In general, the allowable PV value is the limit PV ÷ α, where α is 1.2 to 1.5, and in the following examples, α is 1.5.
Example 1
The sample in this example is XX1# -1.
(1) After a processed sample XX1# -1 is loaded into a temperature control sample clamp box, a temperature thermocouple is inserted into a small hole (phi 1.5) on the side surface of the sample, and radial pressure is selected and applied within a 30-410KPa interval by adopting a constant speed (80m/s) -variable load test method;
(2) after the detection device for detecting the dynamic performance and the control system are ensured to be normal, the device is started, the test sample and the friction ring are in running-in, the machine is stopped when the running-in area reaches more than 95%, the test sample is taken down, the original height (the accuracy is 0.0001) of the initially-run-in test sample is measured by comparing a measuring system consisting of the detection platform, the standard gauge block, the dial indicator bracket and the dial indicator, and the original height is recorded;
the height of the dial indicator is calibrated by a standard gauge block close to the height of the sample and is zeroed in the measuring process, then the grinded sample is measured, the degree of the dial indicator is the height difference between the gauge block and the original height of the sample to be tested, the later measuring process is increased along with the increase of abrasion, the difference value between the dial indicator calibrated by the gauge block and the sample to be tested is gradually increased, and the abrasion value of the sample is increased partially.
(3) Putting the sample taken down in the step (2) into a temperature control sample clamp box again, setting the circumferential linear speed of the device to be 80m/s, observing the temperature and the friction coefficient of the sample in real time, recording once every 30min, operating for 2h, taking down the sample, comparing the measured height and calculating the abrasion loss by using a measuring system consisting of a detection platform, a standard gauge block, a dial indicator bracket and a dial indicator;
(4) loading the sample taken down in the step (3) into a temperature control sample clamp box, keeping the circumferential linear velocity constant, increasing the pressure step by step according to 20KPa, observing the temperature and the friction coefficient of the sample in real time, recording once every 30min, operating for 2h, taking down the sample, comparing the measured height and calculating the abrasion loss by using a measuring system consisting of a detection platform, a standard gauge block, a dial gauge bracket and a dial gauge;
(5) repeating the step (4) until the representation of the limit PV value appears, and taking down the sample;
(6) and processing the corresponding material into an engine graphite sealing ring, installing and verifying, knowing that the PV value of the fulcrum of the engine is smaller than the allowable PV value, and judging whether the application is normal.
The characteristic curve of PV, temperature T and abrasion W of XX1# -1 in the present embodiment is shown in FIG. 4, and it can be seen from FIG. 4 that under the conditions of no temperature rise of the sample and the friction pair, constant speed of 80m/s and variable load of 30-410KPa, the abrasion value of XX1# -1 sample at 52 ℃ has an inflection point, the limit PV is 10.4MPa m/s, the limit point abrasion value is 0.006mm/h, the allowable PV value is 6.9MPa m/s, and the graphite ring engine installation test using the material is normal.
Example 2
The sample in this example is XX1# -2.
(1) After a processed sample XX1# -2 is loaded into a temperature control sample fixture box, a temperature thermocouple is inserted into a small hole (phi 1.5) on the side surface of the sample, and the circumferential linear speed of a slip ring is set in a range of 10-80m/s by adopting a constant load (300KPa) -speed change test method;
(2) after the detection of the dynamic performance detection device and the control system is ensured to be normal, running-in is carried out on the sample and the friction ring, the machine is stopped when the running-in area reaches more than 95%, the sample is taken down, the original height (the accuracy is 0.0001) of the initial running-in sample is measured by comparing a measurement system consisting of a detection platform, a standard gauge block, a dial indicator bracket and a dial indicator, and the original height is recorded;
the height of the dial indicator is calibrated by a standard gauge block close to the height of the sample and is zeroed in the measuring process, then the grinded sample is measured, the degree of the dial indicator is the height difference between the gauge block and the original height of the sample to be tested, the later measuring process is increased along with the increase of abrasion, the difference value between the dial indicator calibrated by the gauge block and the sample to be tested is gradually increased, and the abrasion value of the sample is increased partially.
(3) Putting the sample taken down in the step (2) into a temperature control sample clamp box again, setting the pressure of the device to 300KPa, observing the temperature and the friction coefficient of the sample in real time, recording once every 30min, taking down the sample after running for 2h, comparing and measuring the height and calculating the abrasion loss by using a measuring system consisting of a detection platform, a standard gauge block, a dial gauge bracket and a dial gauge;
(4) loading the sample taken down in the step (3) into a temperature control sample clamp box, keeping the pressure unchanged, increasing the linear speed step by step according to 10m/s, observing the temperature and the friction coefficient of the sample in real time, recording once every 30min, operating for 2h, taking down the sample, comparing the measured height and calculating the abrasion loss by using a measuring system consisting of a detection platform, a standard gauge block, a dial gauge bracket and a dial gauge;
(5) repeating the step (4) until the representation of the limit PV value appears, and taking down the sample;
(6) and processing the corresponding material into an engine graphite sealing ring, installing and verifying, knowing that the PV value of the fulcrum of the engine is smaller than the allowable PV value, and judging whether the application is normal.
In this embodiment, the characteristic curve of the PV of XX1# -2 with the temperature T and the wear W is shown in fig. 5, and it can be seen from fig. 5 that when the sample XX1# -2 is at 87 ℃ without temperature rise and 300KPa constant load and speed change of 10-80m/s, the wear value is an inflection point, the limit PV is 12MPa × m/s, the limit point wear value is 0.157 μm/Km, the allowable PV value is 8.0MPa × m/s, and it is demonstrated that the graphite ring machined by the material is normally used in the engine installation test.
Example 3
The sample in this example was XX2# -1, and the procedure was the same as in example 1.
In this embodiment, the characteristic curve of the PV, the temperature T and the wear W of XX2# -1 is shown in fig. 6, and it can be seen from fig. 6 that the wear value of XX2# -1 sample at 75 ℃ has an inflection point, the limit PV is 13.6MPa × m/s, the limit wear value is 0.006mm/h, the allowable PV value is 9.1MPa × m/s, and the graphite ring engine-mounting test using the material is normal, without heating the sample and the friction pair, at a constant speed of 80m/s, and under the condition of variable load of 30-410 KPa.
Example 4
The sample in this example was XX2# -2, and the procedure was the same as in example 2.
In this embodiment, the characteristic curve of the PV, the temperature T and the wear W of XX2# -2 is shown in FIG. 7, and it can be seen from FIG. 7 that when the sample XX2# -2 is at 86 ℃ without temperature rise and 300KPa constant load, the wear value is an inflection point, the limit PV is 15MPa m/s, the limit wear value is 0.009 μm/km, the allowable PV value is 10MPa m/s, and the engine installation test is proved to be normal.
Example 5
The sample in this example was XX3# -1, and the procedure was the same as in example 1.
The characteristic curve of PV, temperature T and abrasion W of XX3# -1 in the present embodiment is shown in FIG. 8, and it can be seen from FIG. 8 that under the conditions of no temperature rise of the sample and the friction pair, constant speed of 80m/s and variable load of 30-410KPa, the abrasion value of XX3# -1 sample at the temperature of 61 ℃ has an inflection point, the limit PV is 18.4MPa m/s, the limit point abrasion value is 0.003mm/h, the allowable PV value is 12.3MPa m/s, and the graphite ring engine installation test using the material is normal.
Example 6
The sample in this example was XX3# -2, and the procedure was the same as in example 2.
In this embodiment, as shown in fig. 9, the characteristic curve of PV, temperature T and wear W of XX3# -2 is shown, and it can be seen from fig. 9 that when the temperature of XX3# -2 sample is 77 ℃, the wear value is an inflection point, the limit PV is 18MPa × m/s, the limit wear value is 0.006 μm/km, the allowable PV value is 12MPa × m/s, and it is proved that the graphite ring gas turbine machine test using the material is normal, without temperature rise, 300KPa constant load and speed change of 10-80 m/s.
Example 7
The sample in the embodiment is XX4# -1, the test procedure is the same as that in embodiment 1, this embodiment is used as a comparative example, in the test verification, XX4# -1 material is processed into an engine graphite sealing ring, the installation verification is carried out, and the PV value of the fulcrum of the engine is known to be higher than the allowable PV value, and whether the application is normal is judged.
The characteristic curve of PV, temperature T and abrasion W of XX4# -1 in the present embodiment is shown in FIG. 10, and it can be seen from FIG. 10 that the abrasion value of XX4# -1 sample at 89 ℃ has an inflection point, the limit PV is 7.2MPa m/s, the limit point abrasion value is 0.1375mm/h, the allowable PV value is 4.8MPa m/s, and the graphite ring engine installation test using the material has abnormal abrasion, and thus the dynamic performance of XX4# -2 under the constant pressure-variable speed condition is not verified.
The statistical analysis of the test data for examples 1-7 is shown in Table 3.
TABLE 3 statistical analysis of test data
The tests and the analysis show that the PV values of different pivot points of the engine are different, as long as the PV value of the engine working condition is within the allowable PV value of the material test, the graphite ring works normally, and when the PV value of the engine working condition exceeds the allowable PV value of the material test, the graphite ring is abnormally worn. Therefore, practice proves that the test data show that the V-W abrasion value can obviously represent the material limit PV value, the PV-T temperature has no obvious acceleration trend, and the relation is fully established with the open placement of the friction ring in the natural atmosphere environment, the high rotating speed of the friction ring and the relatively sufficient heat dissipation condition.
The result of the typical material for the engine fulcrum sealing according to the device and the method for the dynamic performance of the carbon graphite material shows that the test bed and the test method are feasible, test data can represent the characteristics of the material, and test data support can be provided for analyzing the frictional wear mechanism, model selection and improvement of the graphite sealing material. The limit PV values of different material states are greatly different, test data can be used as one of the bases for model selection of the engine fulcrum graphite sealing material, and an identification method and an improvement way can be provided for the research of the engine fulcrum graphite sealing material.
Finally, it should be noted that the above-mentioned examples of the present invention are only examples for illustrating the present invention, and are not intended to limit the embodiments of the present invention. Variations and modifications in other variations will occur to those skilled in the art upon reading the foregoing description. Not all embodiments are exhaustive. All obvious changes and modifications of the present invention are within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A device for detecting the dynamic performance of a carbon graphite material is characterized by comprising a base, a rotating shaft, a friction ring, a pressure gauge and a speed regulating motor arranged on the base, wherein the rotating shaft is connected with an output shaft of the speed regulating motor, the friction ring is detachably and fixedly sleeved on the rotating shaft to synchronously rotate with the rotating shaft, a sample clamp box is arranged on the outer circumference of the friction ring and used for placing a sample, the sample clamp box is positioned on the radial diameter of the friction ring and provided with a through hole for the sample to pass through, a gap is reserved between the through hole end of the sample clamp box and the circumferential surface of the friction ring, and the sample part can conveniently pass through the through hole of the sample clamp box and contact with the circumferential surface of the friction ring; the pressure gauge is used for applying pressure to the sample.
2. The device for detecting the dynamic performance of the carbon graphite material according to claim 1, wherein the sample fixture box is arranged on the outer circumference of the friction ring through a support frame, the support frame is fixed on the base, the support frame comprises two vertically arranged end plates and a plurality of support rods arranged between the two end plates, the two end plates are fixed on the base side by side, each support rod is horizontally arranged, two ends of each support rod are respectively fixed with the edges of the two end plates, all the support rods are uniformly distributed along the circumferences of the end plates, and the centers of the two end plates are provided with through holes for the rotating shafts to pass through; the sample fixture box is fixed on the support rod, and the base outside the two end plates is respectively provided with a bearing seat for supporting the rotating shaft.
3. The device for detecting the dynamic property of the carbon graphite material as claimed in claim 2, wherein the friction ring comprises a plurality of spiral friction rings and a plurality of smooth friction rings, and all the friction rings are arranged at intervals.
4. The device for detecting the dynamic property of the carbon graphite material as claimed in claim 3, wherein the sample holder box is movably fixed on the support rod, so as to select the corresponding friction ring to detect the dynamic property of the sample.
5. The device for detecting the dynamic property of the carbon graphite material as claimed in claim 3, wherein a torque sensor is disposed between the rotating shaft and the output shaft of the speed regulating motor, the torque sensor is connected with the rotating shaft and the output shaft of the speed regulating motor through two couplings, one end of each of the two couplings is correspondingly connected with two ends of the torque sensor, the other end of each of the two couplings is connected with one end of the rotating shaft or the output shaft of the speed regulating motor, the torque sensor is connected with the control unit, and is used for monitoring the torque and transmitting the torque to the control unit so as to detect the friction coefficient of the sample.
6. The device for detecting the dynamic property of the carbon graphite material as claimed in claim 5, wherein the speed regulating motor is provided with a rotation speed sensor, and the rotation speed sensor is connected with the control unit and is used for monitoring the rotation speed of the speed regulating motor and transmitting the rotation speed to the control unit.
7. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the sample holder box has a heating resistor around it to heat the sample placed in the sample holder box.
8. The device for detecting the dynamic performance of the carbon graphite as claimed in claim 1, wherein a friction ring handle is arranged at the other end of the rotating shaft, so that the rotating speed can be detected manually.
9. A method for detecting dynamic performance of a carbon graphite material is characterized in that the device of any one of claims 1 to 8 is used for detecting the dynamic performance of a sample, and specifically comprises the following steps:
s1: processing a sample: processing the carbon graphite blank into a sample, then ultrasonically cleaning for 10-30 min, and then drying in a vacuum drying oven for 8-24 h for later use; one end of the sample is provided with a convex part penetrating through a through hole of the sample clamp box, the other end of the sample is provided with a pressure applying hole and a temperature measuring hole, the pressure applying hole is arranged in the middle, and the temperature measuring hole is eccentrically arranged and obliquely extends to the convex part for detecting the temperature change of the sample;
s2: after a sample is loaded into a sample clamp box, the surface of a convex part of the sample is contacted with a friction ring, a temperature thermocouple is inserted into a temperature measuring hole, and a pressure gauge is inserted into a pressure applying hole;
s3: after the inspection device and the control system are normal, starting the device, applying radial pressure to the sample within 30-410KPa, running the sample and the friction ring, closing the device when the running-in area reaches more than 95%, taking down the sample, comparing and measuring the original height of the initial running-in sample by using a measuring system consisting of a detection platform, a standard gauge block, a dial indicator bracket and a dial indicator, and recording;
s4: putting the sample taken down in the step S3 into a sample clamp box again, setting the circumferential linear speed of the device to be 10-144 m/S and constant, applying radial pressure on the sample, observing the temperature and the friction coefficient of the sample in real time, recording every 30min, taking the sample after running for 2h, comparing the measured height and calculating the abrasion loss by using a measuring system consisting of a detection platform, a standard gauge block, a dial gauge bracket and a dial gauge after the sample is taken down;
s5: loading the sample taken down in the step S4 into a temperature-controlled sample clamp box, keeping the circumferential linear velocity constant, increasing the pressure step by step according to 10-30 KPa, observing the temperature and the friction coefficient of the sample in real time, recording once every 30min, taking down the sample after running for 2h, comparing and measuring the height and calculating the abrasion loss by using a measuring system consisting of a detection platform, a standard gauge block, a dial indicator bracket and a dial indicator;
s6: and repeating the step S5 until the indication of the limit PV value appears, and taking down the sample, thereby obtaining the dynamic performance parameters of the sample under different working conditions.
10. A method for detecting the dynamic performance of a carbon stone material ink is characterized in that the device of any one of claims 1 to 8 is used for detecting the dynamic performance of a sample, and specifically comprises the following steps:
s1: processing a sample: processing the carbon graphite blank into a sample, then ultrasonically cleaning for 10-30 min, and then drying in a vacuum drying oven for 8-24 h for later use; one end of the sample is provided with a convex part penetrating through a through hole of the sample clamp box, the other end of the sample is provided with a pressure applying hole and a temperature measuring hole, the pressure applying hole is arranged in the middle, and the temperature measuring hole is eccentrically arranged and obliquely extends to the convex part for detecting the temperature change of the sample;
s2: after a sample is loaded into a sample clamp box, the surface of a convex part of the sample is contacted with a friction ring, a temperature thermocouple is inserted into a temperature measuring hole, and a pressure gauge is inserted into a pressure applying hole;
s3: after the inspection device and the control system are normal, starting the device, applying radial pressure to the sample within 30-410KPa, running the sample and the friction ring, closing the device when the running-in area reaches more than 95%, taking down the sample, comparing and measuring the original height of the initial running-in sample by using a measuring system consisting of a detection platform, a standard gauge block, a dial indicator bracket and a dial indicator, and recording;
s4: putting the sample taken down in the step S3 into a sample clamp box again, setting the pressure of the device to be 10-410 KPa and keeping constant pressure, keeping a certain linear velocity, observing the temperature and the friction coefficient of the sample in real time, recording every 30min, taking down the sample after running for 2h, comparing the measured height and calculating the abrasion loss by using a measuring system consisting of a detection platform, a standard gauge block, a dial indicator bracket and a dial indicator;
s5: loading the sample taken down in the step S4 into a temperature control sample clamp box, keeping the pressure unchanged, increasing the linear velocity step by 10m/S, observing the temperature and the friction coefficient of the sample in real time, recording once every 30min, taking down the sample after running for 2h, comparing the measured height and calculating the abrasion loss by using a measuring system consisting of a detection platform, a standard gauge block, a dial indicator bracket and a dial indicator;
s6: and repeating the step S5 until the indication of the limit PV value appears, and taking down the sample, thereby obtaining the dynamic performance parameters of the sample under different working conditions.
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