CN113588115B - Temperature measurement method based on multispectral colorimetric - Google Patents
Temperature measurement method based on multispectral colorimetric Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a temperature measurement method based on multispectral colorimetry, and belongs to the fields of spectral temperature measurement and non-contact temperature measurement. The invention decomposes the spectrum radiated by the object into monochromatic light with different wavelengths to different pixels of the imaging surface; calibrating parameters of a learning system, and calibrating wavelength distribution on pixels of an imaging device; the black body furnace is utilized to generate different temperatures, the radiated spectrum is decomposed into monochromatic light with different wavelengths to different pixels of the imaging surface of the imaging device, and voltages with different wavelengths are obtained; under the same temperature, calculating the voltage ratio of each wavelength signal in a pairwise colorimetric way, and further calculating the temperature value obtained by colorimetric calculation and the variance of all the temperature values obtained by colorimetric calculation; taking the temperature value with the smallest variance as a voltage ratio temperature curve; and measuring the temperature of other objects by using the voltage ratio temperature curve, and calculating a temperature value according to the voltage ratio. The invention improves the accuracy of temperature measurement.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of spectrum temperature measurement and non-contact temperature measurement, and particularly relates to a temperature measurement method based on multispectral colorimetric.
Background
Temperature is one of the most important parameters for determining the state of a substance, and measurement and control of the temperature play a very important role in national defense, military, scientific experiments and industrial and agricultural production. In particular, high temperature measurement plays an important role in the fields of aerospace, materials, energy, metallurgy and the like.
The measurement method of temperature can be roughly classified into two types: contact and non-contact methods. In the contact temperature measurement method, since the object to be measured is contacted, the temperature distribution of the object to be measured is affected, and the method cannot be applied to very high temperature measurement.
The non-contact temperature measurement method commonly used at present comprises the methods of infrared thermal imaging temperature measurement, laser temperature measurement, multispectral temperature measurement and the like. Infrared thermal imaging temperature measurement can measure temperature distribution, but transient temperature measurement cannot be realized due to the limitation of response time of an imaging device; the laser spectrum temperature measurement is a better temperature measurement means for a conventional object, however, under the environment with strong radiation intensity, a laser signal can be covered, and the composition of a substance is difficult to be estimated by observing the change of a light beam penetrating through the object, so that the application of the laser spectrum temperature measurement device has a certain limitation; compared with other non-contact temperature measurement, the multispectral temperature measurement can be used for estimating the temperature value according to the Planckian radiation law through the radiation intensity and the multiple groups of wavelengths, and is a simple and better temperature measurement means. Compared with colorimetric temperature measurement, the multispectral temperature measurement mode developed based on the thought of colorimetric temperature measurement overcomes the constraint that the spectrum is single and the colorimetric spectrum is similar, fully utilizes the full-wavelength spectrum, and has wider application and is not limited to temperature measurement of ash body radiation objects. However, the multispectral temperature measurement technology needs to solve the problems of spectrum separation, information processing and the like. Due to the complicated temperature measurement condition, no method can meet the requirement of high-speed dynamic temperature accurate measurement in all scenes at present.
Disclosure of Invention
First, the technical problem to be solved
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a temperature measurement method based on multispectral colorimetry, which is used for eliminating coarse errors and improving the accuracy of temperature measurement by calculating the signal of each wavelength in a pairwise colorimetric manner.
(II) technical scheme
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a temperature measurement method based on multispectral colorimetric, which comprises the following steps:
s1, decomposing a spectrum radiated by an object into monochromatic light with different wavelengths and enabling the monochromatic light to be transmitted to different pixels of an imaging surface of an imaging device;
s2, calibrating parameters of an optical system, and calibrating wavelength distribution on pixels of an imaging device: spectra of different wavelengths can be transmitted to different pixels of an imaging surface, and corresponding positions of the different wavelengths on the pixels of the imaging device are recorded so as to calibrate wavelength distribution on the pixels of the imaging device;
s3, generating different temperatures by using a blackbody furnace, decomposing the radiated spectrum into monochromatic light with different wavelengths, enabling the monochromatic light to be transmitted to different pixels of an imaging surface of an imaging device, and obtaining voltages with different wavelengths;
s4, under the same temperature, calculating the voltage ratio of each wavelength signal in a pairwise colorimetric way, and further calculating the temperature value obtained through colorimetric calculation and the variance of all the temperature values obtained through colorimetric calculation;
s5, taking the blackbody furnace as a standard source to have a reference temperature, taking the calculated temperature as the reference temperature for accuracy analysis, and selecting a temperature value with the smallest variance as a voltage ratio-temperature curve;
s6, temperature inversion, namely measuring the temperature of other objects by using the voltage ratio-temperature curve, and calculating a temperature value according to the voltage ratio.
Further, the method is applied to a temperature measurement system based on multispectral colorimetry, and the system is specifically divided into a spectrum uptake unit, a photoelectric conversion unit and a main control processing unit.
Further, the spectrum shooting unit comprises a telescopic system, an aperture diaphragm, a collimation system, a dispersion system and a focusing system, and all the components are sequentially arranged and used for realizing separation of spectrum information; wherein, the telescopic system captures object light; the aperture diaphragm controls the angle of view; the collimation system changes the light into concentric light beams; the dispersion system is used for decomposing the concentric light beam into multiple spectrums; the focusing system is used for focusing the light rays with different wavelengths of the spectrum decomposed by the dispersion system on different image planes.
Further, the photoelectric conversion unit comprises a photosensitive detector array and an amplifying circuit, and is used for carrying out photocurrent conversion on the discretized spectrum of the radiation object; the photosensitive detector array is arranged on the image plane and is used for carrying out photocurrent conversion on the spectrum intensities on different image planes, the output current is input into the amplifying circuit, and the amplifying circuit is used for realizing current-voltage conversion and signal amplification.
Further, the photodetector array includes a plurality of pixels, and the photodiode on each photodetector array pixel represents a channel and is matched with an amplifying circuit.
Further, the amplifying circuit is a high dynamic range amplifying circuit composed of multiple stages of amplifying circuits.
Further, the step S2 specifically includes: when the parameters of the optical system are calibrated, the optical device is fixed, the light output by the monochromator is incident to the measurement system, the output wavelength of the monochromator is regulated, the movement is carried out by a single wavelength, and the wavelength on each pixel is recorded and calibrated.
Further, the step S4 further includes: temperatures exceeding 3 times variance are rejected.
Further, the step S4 specifically includes: assuming the ith of the spectrum discretization, i= … n, the output electrical signal of the channel
The method comprises the following steps:
wherein τ (λ) i ) And S (lambda) i ) Calibration constants indicating the transmittance of the optical system and the sensitivity of the photosensor, respectively, which are related to wavelength only and temperature independent;
wherein the object radiation intensity at temperature T and wavelength λ according to planck's law of radiation is:
wherein L (lambda, T) is the radiance (W.m) -2 ·μm -1 ·sr -1 ) Lambda is the wavelength (μm) and T is the absolute temperature (K); epsilon (lambda, T) is the spectral emissivity of the object; planck first radiation constant C 1 ＝3.7415×10 8 W·μm 4 ·m -2 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Second radiation constant C 2 ＝1.43879×10 4 μm 4 ·K；
By traversing the ratio of voltages at two wavelengths, finding the temperature curve distribution at the wavelength with the optimal ratio, the optimal result means that the spectral emittance of the two wavelengths is similar, thus eliminating the emittance epsilon (lambda, T), and neglecting 1 in the denominator, the method can be used for obtaining:
in the method, in the process of the invention,
and->
Respectively represent voltages at the same temperature point at different wavelengths, T i,j Represented at lambda i And lambda (lambda) j The same temperature measured at both wavelengths; t is obtained by the formula (3) i,j The method comprises the following steps:
the calculated temperatures for the two-by-two combined wavelengths form a matrix, which can be expressed as:
if the sum of squares of the temperature difference measured at the current two wavelengths and the temperature difference measured at the other wavelengths is minimal, i.e. T i,j The method meets the following conditions:
at the time T i,j The measured true temperature is represented by p and q, where p and q are the p-th and q-th channels, and n is the number of channels.
Further, the step S5 specifically includes: taking a blackbody furnace as a temperature test object, sampling spectrum data of each temperature point of each channel for multiple times and averaging to obtain a relation curve of actual temperature and voltage ratio.
(III) beneficial effects
According to the temperature measurement method based on multispectral colorimetry, radiation signals with multiple wavelengths are taken, coarse errors are removed through pairwise colorimetric calculation of the signals with the multiple wavelengths, and the accuracy of temperature measurement is improved. According to the invention, the radiation signals are absorbed at multiple wavelengths, the relation between the temperature and the radiation signals in multiple wavelength bands is calculated, the temperature measurement precision is higher, and the relation between the signals and the temperature is better.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a temperature measurement method of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a graph of actual temperature versus voltage ratio for the present invention.
Detailed Description
To make the objects, contents and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the following detailed description of the present invention will be given with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
The invention provides a temperature measurement method based on multispectral colorimetry, which aims to absorb radiation signals with multiple wavelengths, and eliminates coarse errors by calculating the signals with each wavelength in a pairwise colorimetric manner, so that the accuracy of temperature measurement is improved.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
the temperature measurement method based on multispectral colorimetry is applied to a temperature measurement system based on multispectral colorimetry and comprises a spectrum uptake unit, a photoelectric conversion unit and a main control processing unit.
The spectrum shooting unit comprises a telescopic system, an aperture diaphragm, a collimation system, a dispersion system and a focusing system, and all the components are sequentially arranged and used for separating spectrum information; wherein, the telescopic system captures object light; the aperture diaphragm controls the angle of view; the collimation system changes the light into concentric light beams; the dispersion system is used for decomposing the concentric light beam into multiple spectrums; the focusing system is used for focusing the light rays with different wavelengths of the spectrum decomposed by the dispersion system on different image planes. Wherein the prism is a triangular prism. The object light rays are changed into uniformly distributed multispectral after passing through a telescopic system, an aperture diaphragm, a collimation system and a dispersion system, and are focused on different image planes through a focusing system. The dispersion system comprises a prism or a grating or a combination of both.
The photoelectric conversion unit comprises a photosensitive detector array and an amplifying circuit and is used for carrying out photocurrent conversion on the discretized spectrum of the radiation object; the amplifying circuit is a high dynamic range amplifying circuit. The photosensitive detector array is arranged on the image plane and is used for carrying out photocurrent conversion on the spectrum intensities on different image planes, the output current is input into the amplifying circuit, and the amplifying circuit is used for realizing current-voltage conversion and signal amplification. Typically, the photodetector array includes a plurality of pixels, with the photodiodes on each photodetector array pixel representing a channel, requiring matching of an amplifying circuit. The amplifying circuit is a high dynamic range amplifying circuit formed by multistage amplifying circuits.
The main control processing unit comprises a main control chip and an A/D circuit, wherein the A/D circuit is used for carrying out analog-to-digital conversion on the voltage signal, and the main control chip is used for realizing the calibration and measurement of the temperature according to the voltage.
The temperature measurement method based on multispectral colorimetry comprises the following steps:
s1, decomposing a spectrum radiated by an object into monochromatic light with different wavelengths and enabling the monochromatic light to be transmitted to different pixels of an imaging surface of an imaging device. The imaging device is a photodetector array.
S2, calibrating parameters of an optical system, and calibrating wavelength distribution on pixels of an imaging device: spectra of different wavelengths can be transmitted to different pixels of an imaging surface, and corresponding positions of the different wavelengths on the pixels of the imaging device are recorded so as to calibrate wavelength distribution on the pixels of the imaging device;
s3, generating different temperatures by using a blackbody furnace, decomposing the radiated spectrum into monochromatic light with different wavelengths, enabling the monochromatic light to be transmitted to different pixels of an imaging surface of an imaging device, and obtaining voltages with different wavelengths;
s4, under the same temperature, calculating the voltage ratio of each wavelength signal in a pairwise colorimetric way, and further calculating the temperature value obtained through colorimetric calculation and the variance of all the temperature values obtained through colorimetric calculation. Wherein temperatures exceeding 3 times the variance are rejected.
S5, taking the blackbody furnace as a standard source to have a reference temperature, taking the calculated temperature as the reference temperature to perform accuracy analysis, and selecting a temperature value with the smallest variance as a voltage ratio-temperature curve.
S6, temperature inversion. And measuring the temperature of other objects by using the voltage ratio-temperature curve, and calculating a temperature value according to the voltage ratio.
The spectral discretization refers to focusing light of different wavelengths to different locations of the focal plane.
Wherein, the liquid crystal display device comprises a liquid crystal display device,
when the parameters of the optical system are calibrated, fixing the optical device, enabling light output by the monochromator to enter the measurement system, adjusting the output wavelength of the monochromator, moving the optical device by a single wavelength, and recording and calibrating the wavelength on each pixel;
the object radiation intensity at temperature T and wavelength λ according to planck's law of radiation is:
wherein L (lambda, T) is the radiance (W.m) -2 ·μm -1 ·sr -1 ) Lambda is the wavelength (μm) and T is the absolute temperature (K); epsilon (lambda, T) is the spectral emissivity of the object; planck first radiation constant C 1 ＝3.7415×10 8 W·μm 4 ·m -2 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Second radiation constant C 2 ＝1.43879×10 4 μm 4 ·K。
The mathematical model of the invention is as follows: assuming a spectrally discretized output electrical signal of the i (i= … n) th channel
The method comprises the following steps:
wherein τ (λ) i ) And S (lambda) i ) The transmittance of the optical system and the assay constant of the sensitivity of the photosensor, which are related to wavelength only and temperature independent, respectively.
By traversing the ratio of voltages at two wavelengths, finding the temperature curve distribution at the wavelength with the optimal ratio, the optimal result means that the spectral emittance of the two wavelengths is similar, thus eliminating the emittance epsilon (lambda, T), and neglecting 1 in the denominator, the method can be used for obtaining:
in the method, in the process of the invention,
and->
Respectively represent voltages at the same temperature point at different wavelengths, T i,j Represented at lambda i And lambda (lambda) j The same temperature measured at both wavelengths.
Both sides of (3) are simultaneously taken
Obtaining:
taking logarithms from two sides of the formula (4) at the same time to obtain:
the deduction can be obtained:
the calculated temperatures for the two-by-two combined wavelengths form a matrix, which can be expressed as:
if the sum of squares of the temperature difference measured at the current two wavelengths and the temperature difference measured at the other wavelengths is minimal, i.e. T i,j The method meets the following conditions:
at the time T i,j The measured true temperature is represented by p and q, where p and q are the p-th and q-th channels, and n is the number of channels.
Fig. 1 is a flow chart of the temperature measurement method of the present invention.
A temperature measurement method based on multispectral colorimetry, comprising the steps of:
1) Spectrum discretization. Decomposing the spectrum radiated by the object into monochromatic light with different wavelengths and then transmitting the monochromatic light to different pixels of an imaging surface of an imaging device;
2) And (5) calibrating the temperature. Using a blackbody furnace to generate different temperatures, and measuring radiant energy signals of each wavelength at each position of an image plane;
3) And under the same temperature, calculating the signal of each wavelength by two pairs of colorimetries, calculating the variances of all the temperature values obtained by colorimetry, and eliminating the temperature exceeding 3 times of variances.
4) The model is shown in formula (8), a reference temperature is generated by taking a blackbody furnace as a standard source, the calculated temperature is used as the reference temperature for precision analysis, and a temperature value with the minimum error is selected as a voltage ratio-temperature curve.
5) And (5) temperature inversion. And measuring the temperature of other objects by using the voltage ratio-temperature curve, and calculating a temperature value according to a measurement signal.
In this embodiment, the blackbody furnace is used as a temperature test object, spectrum data of each temperature point of each channel is sampled and averaged for multiple times, and is substituted into a mathematical model to obtain a relation curve of actual temperature to voltage ratio, as shown in fig. 2, and the maximum relative error between the theoretical calculation value and the actual measurement value is 3.9% through error analysis.
The foregoing is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that modifications and variations could be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the technical principles of the present invention, and such modifications and variations should also be regarded as being within the scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. A temperature measurement method based on multispectral colorimetry, the method comprising the steps of:
s1, decomposing a spectrum radiated by an object into monochromatic light with different wavelengths and enabling the monochromatic light to be transmitted to different pixels of an imaging surface of an imaging device;
s2, calibrating parameters of an optical system, and calibrating wavelength distribution on pixels of an imaging device: spectra of different wavelengths can be transmitted to different pixels of an imaging surface, and corresponding positions of the different wavelengths on the pixels of the imaging device are recorded so as to calibrate wavelength distribution on the pixels of the imaging device;
s3, generating different temperatures by using a blackbody furnace, decomposing the radiated spectrum into monochromatic light with different wavelengths, enabling the monochromatic light to be transmitted to different pixels of an imaging surface of an imaging device, and obtaining voltages with different wavelengths;
s4, under the same temperature, calculating the voltage ratio of each wavelength signal in a pairwise colorimetric way, and further calculating the temperature value obtained through colorimetric calculation and the variance of all the temperature values obtained through colorimetric calculation;
s5, taking the blackbody furnace as a standard source to have a reference temperature, taking the calculated temperature as the reference temperature for accuracy analysis, and selecting a temperature value with the smallest variance as a voltage ratio-temperature curve;
s6, temperature inversion, namely measuring the temperature of other objects by using the voltage ratio-temperature curve, and calculating a temperature value according to the voltage ratio.
2. The multispectral colorimetric-based temperature measurement method according to claim 1, wherein the method is applied to a multispectral colorimetric-based temperature measurement system, and the system is specifically divided into a spectrum intake unit, a photoelectric conversion unit and a main control processing unit.
3. The temperature measurement method based on multispectral colorimetry according to claim 2, wherein the spectrum intake unit comprises a telescopic system, an aperture diaphragm, a collimation system, a dispersion system and a focusing system, and all the components are sequentially arranged and are used for separating spectrum information; wherein, the telescopic system captures object light; the aperture diaphragm controls the angle of view; the collimation system changes the light into concentric light beams; the dispersion system is used for decomposing the concentric light beam into multiple spectrums; the focusing system is used for focusing the light rays with different wavelengths of the spectrum decomposed by the dispersion system on different image planes.
4. A temperature measurement method based on multispectral colorimetry according to claim 3 wherein the photoelectric conversion unit comprises a photodetector array and an amplifying circuit for photocurrent conversion of the discretized spectrum of the radiant object; the photosensitive detector array is arranged on the image plane and is used for carrying out photocurrent conversion on the spectrum intensities on different image planes, the output current is input into the amplifying circuit, and the amplifying circuit is used for realizing current-voltage conversion and signal amplification.
5. The multispectral colorimetric-based temperature measurement method of claim 4, wherein the photodetector array comprises a plurality of pixels, and the photodiode on each photodetector array pixel represents a channel and requires matching an amplifying circuit.
6. The multispectral colorimetric-based temperature measurement method of claim 4, wherein the amplifying circuit is a high dynamic range amplifying circuit consisting of a multistage amplifying circuit.
7. The multispectral colorimetric-based temperature measurement method according to claim 4, wherein the step S2 specifically comprises: when the parameters of the optical system are calibrated, the optical device is fixed, the light output by the monochromator is incident to the measurement system, the output wavelength of the monochromator is regulated, the movement is carried out by a single wavelength, and the wavelength on each pixel is recorded and calibrated.
8. The multispectral colorimetric-based temperature measurement method of claim 1, wherein the step S4 further comprises: temperatures exceeding 3 times variance are rejected.
9. The multispectral colorimetric-based temperature measurement method according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein step S4 specifically comprises: assuming the ith of the spectrum discretization, i= … n, the output electrical signal of the channel
The method comprises the following steps:
wherein τ (λ) i ) And S (lambda) i ) Calibration constants indicating the transmittance of the optical system and the sensitivity of the photosensor, respectively, which are related to wavelength only and temperature independent;
wherein the object radiation intensity at temperature T and wavelength λ according to planck's law of radiation is:
wherein L (lambda, T) is the radiance (W.m) -2 ·μm -1 ·sr -1 ) Lambda is the wavelength (μm) and T is the absolute temperature (K); epsilon (lambda, T) is the spectral emissivity of the object; planck first radiation constant C 1 ＝3.7415×10 8 W·μm 4 ·m -2 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Second radiation constant C 2 ＝1.43879×10 4 μm 4 ·K；
By traversing the ratio of voltages at two wavelengths, finding the temperature curve distribution at the wavelength with the optimal ratio, the optimal result means that the spectral emittance of the two wavelengths is similar, thus eliminating the emittance epsilon (lambda, T), and neglecting 1 in the denominator, the method can be used for obtaining:
in the method, in the process of the invention,
and->
Respectively represent voltages at the same temperature point at different wavelengths, T i,j Represented at lambda i And lambda (lambda) j The same temperature measured at both wavelengths; t is obtained by the formula (3) i,j The method comprises the following steps:
the calculated temperatures for the two-by-two combined wavelengths form a matrix, which can be expressed as:
if the sum of squares of the temperature difference measured at the current two wavelengths and the temperature difference measured at the other wavelengths is minimal, i.e. T i,j The method meets the following conditions:
at the time T i,j The measured true temperature is represented by p and q, where p and q are the p-th and q-th channels, and n is the number of channels.
10. The multispectral colorimetric-based temperature measurement method according to claim 9, wherein the step S5 specifically comprises: taking a blackbody furnace as a temperature test object, sampling spectrum data of each temperature point of each channel for multiple times and averaging to obtain a relation curve of actual temperature and voltage ratio.
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